Concentration questions 1. What is the molarity (molar concentration) of a solution made by dissolving 2.

355 g of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in water and diluting to a final volume of 50.0 mL?

2.355 g H2SO4 x

1 mol H2SO4 = 0.024 mol 98.08 g H2SO4

molar conc. = 0.024 mol 0.050 L

2.

= 0.48 mol/L

Hydrochloric acid is sold commercially as a 12.0 mol/L solution. How many moles of HCl are in 300.0 mL solution?

12.0 mol/L =

# mol 0.300 L

# mol = 3.6 mol

3. The concentration of cholesterol in normal blood is (C27H46O) approximately 0.005 mol/L. How many grams of cholesterol are in 750 mL of blood?

0.005 mol/L =

# mol 0.750 L

0.00375 mol x

386.73 C27H46O = 1.45 g 1 mol C27H46O

# mol = 0.00375 mol

4. What is the final concentration if 75.0 mL of a 3.50 mol/L glucose solution is diluted to a volume of 400.0 mL?

ciVi = cfVf (3.5 mol/L) (75.0 mL) = cf (400.0 mL) ci = 0.66 mol/L
5. Assume that you have a 5.75 % mass/mass solution of LiCl in water. What mass of solution (in grams) contains 1.60 g of LiCl?

5.75 % m/m = 1.60 g LiCl mass soln mass soln = 1.60 g LiCl 5.75 % m/m
6.

x 100%

x 100%

= 27.83 g

The legal limit for human exposure to carbon monoxide in the workplace is 35 ppm. Assuming that the density of air is 1.3 g/L, how many grams of carbon monoxide are in 1.0 L of air at the maximum allowable concentration?

35 ppm = mass solute 1.3 g air 35 ppm

x 106

x 1.3 g air = mass solute 106

= 4.55 x 10-5 g

7.

How many grams of NaOH would be required to prepare 800 grams of a 40% by mass NaOH solution? How many grams of water is required?

40 % m/m = x g NaOH 800 g soln

x 100%

40 % m/m 800 g soln = x g NaOH = 320 g NaOH 100%

8. Determine the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 20.0 g of NaOH in sufficient water to yield a 482 mL solution.

20.0 g NaOH x

1 mol NaOH = 0.50 mol 40.01 g NaOH

molar conc. = 0.50 mol 0.482 L

9.

= 1.04 mol/L

How would you prepare 500 ml of 3 mol/L HCl using 6 mol/L HCl from the stockroom. In other words how much water and how much 6 M HCl would you mix to accomplish this dilution?

ciVi = cfVf (6 mol/L) Vi = (3 mol/L) (500 mL) Vi = 250 mL VH2O = Vf Vi VH2O = 500 mL 250 mL = 250 mL of water
10. A meteorologist indicates the level of a given pollutant in the air is 244.5 ppm. According to this value, what is the mass of pollutants in 234.56 kg of air? (3)

244.5 ppm = mass solute x 106 234.56 kg air 244.5 ppm x 234.56 kg air = mass solute 106 = 0.057 kg

11. What is the molar concentration (mol/L) of single-single coffee from Tims Hortons (what I would enjoy), if 5.0 g of sugar (C6H12O6) are dissolved in 630 mL (extra-large) of coffee? (4)

5.0 g C6H12O6 x

1 mol C6H12O6 = 0.028 mol 180.16 g C6H12O6 = 0.044 mol/L

molar conc. = 0.028 mol 0.630 L

12. A saline solution (contact cleanser) contains 0.90 g of sodium chloride, dissolved to make a 100.0 mL solution. What is the molar concentration (mol/L) of this solution? (4)

0.90 g NaCl x

1 mol NaCl = 0.015 mol 58.44 g NaCl = 0.15 mol/L

molar conc. = 0.015 mol 0.100 L

13. At 20C, a solution of KClO3 will permit the dissolution of 10 g of solute and the solution obtained has a molar concentration of 0.150 mol/L. What must be the volume of this solution? (4)

10 g KClO3 x

1 mol KClO3 = 0.082 mol 122.55 g KClO3 x L = 0.082 mol = 0.54 L or 544 mL 0.150 mol/L

0.150 mol/L = 0.082 mol x L

14. What volume of ethanol (in wine) is necessary for preparing a 800 mL ethanol solution (wine) of 12% v/v? If more than 72 mL of alcohol passes the legal limit for consumption behind the wheel, is this person legally drunk? (4)

12.0 % v/v =

vol. solute 800 mL soln

x 100%

12.0% v/v

x 800 mL soln = vol. solute 100%

= 96 mL

Legally drunk, over the 72 mL limit.

15. Balsamic vinegar is sold as a solution of 6% v/v acetic acid in water. What quantity of balsamic vinegar contains exactly 20.0 mL of pure acetic acid? (3)

6 % v/v = 20.0 ml acetic acid vol. soln vol. soln = 20.0 mL acetic acid 6 % v/v

x 100%

x 100%

= 333 mL

16. Hair dye can contain a solution that is 10.2% v/v hydrogen peroxide in water. What volume of the peroxide is to be found in 250.5 mL of the chemical hair treatment? (3)

10.2 % v/v =

vol. peroxide x 100% 250.5 mL treatment = 25.5 mL

10.2 % v/v

x 250.5 mL soln = vol. solute 100%

17. A boric acid solution is used in ophthalmic drops (for eyes). What mass of boric acid is present in 250.0 mL of a solution that is 2.25 % m/v of acid in water? (3)

2.25 % m/v = x g boric acid 250.0 mL soln 2.25 % m/v

x 100%

x 250.0 mL soln = x g boric acid 100%

= 5.62 mL

18. Household chemical cleaners often contain ammonia. Industrial strength ammonia is 14.0 mol/L. If 3.0 L of an ammonia solution are needed to clean the house at a concentration of 0.10 mol/L, what would be the volume needed of the original solution that would be diluted? What volume of water needs to be added to dilute the ammonia? (4)

ciVi = cfVf (14.0 mol/L) Vi = (0.10 mol/L) (3.0 L) Vi = 0.0214 L or 21.4 mL VH2O = Vf Vi VH2O = 3.0 L 0.0214 L = 2.9786 L of water