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TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING
Technologies for energy efficient design and thermal comfort in buildings Stuttgart - Munich - New York

AUSSENKOMFORT UND KLIMABEWERTUNG

Dr. Wolfgang Kessling, Martin Engelhardt www.transsolar.com

SMART GREEN
20. August 2010, Bad Nauheim

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Inhalt

Auenkomfort, Bewertung und Konzepte zur Verbesserung in feucht heien Klimazonen Grundlagen Auenkomfort:
7 Komfortparameter Klimabedingungen Human Biometerological Comfort Chart

Projektbeispiele:
FIFA World Cup Qatar MASDAR Central Plaza Bundesgartenschau Koblenz

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Luftbewegung oder Verschattung zur Verbesserung des Auenkomforts?

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Verbessert Verdunstungskhlung den Komfort in feucht-heiem Klima?

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Wie verbessert Strahlungskhlung den Auenkomfort bei Tag und Nacht?

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Human Comfort Parameters

outdoor

indoor

direct solar radiation diffuse radiation

air temperature infrared radiation air temperature air humidity

activity clothing wind

activity clothing infrared radiation

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Perceived Temperature, PT: Comfort index for warm and humid environments

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Perceived Temperature, PT For comfort evaluation in hot and humid environments the comfort index of the Perceived Temperature (PT) has been developed*. The PT considers all relevant parameters such as the mean radiant temperature (solar radiation and infrared radiation), air temperature, air velocity, air humidity, clothing, and activity of person. The PT considers the physiological relevance of skin wetness and sweat on the thermal comfort.
* German Industry Standard VDI 3787, November 2008

Perceived temperature PT in C PT +38 +32 PT < +38 +26 PT < +32 +20 PT < +26 14 < PT < +20 13 < PT 14 26 < PT 13 39 < PT 26 PT 39

Thermal perception very hot hot warm slightly warm comfortable slightly cool cool cold very cold

Thermo-physiological stress extreme heat stress great heat stress moderate heat stress slight heat stress comfort possible slight cold stress slight cold stress great cold stress extreme cold stress

What is considered as good outdoor conditions depends on climate conditions of the site. In cold and moderate climates a PT between 14C and 31C can be considered as good outdoor comfort conditions. In hot and humid climates perceived temperatures of 32C and lower are rated as excellent for outdoor comfort.
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Evaluation of outdoor comfort strategies 1. No sun shade 2. Partly sun shaded

26 3. Sun shaded, wind exposed

no sun-shade

partly sun-shaded

no wind-shade

Parameter
1. Solar Radiation 2. Infrared Radiation 3. Air Velocity 4. Air Temperature 5. Air Humidity

Comfort
very hot hot
98% 2%

Parameter
1. Solar Radiation 2. Infrared Radiation 3. Air Velocity 4. Air Temperature

Comfort
very hot
56% 36% 7%

Parameter
1. Solar Radiation 2. Infrared Radiation 3. Air Velocity 4. Air Temperature 5. Air Humidity

Comfort
very hot
38% 38% 23%

hot warm

hot warm

warm
0%

5. Air Humidity

Outdoor Comfort:

L
w a rm hot

Outdoor Comfort:

Outdoor Comfort:

v e ry h o t

35%

Comfort key:

42%

best passive
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23%

Evaluation of outdoor comfort strategies 4. Best passive design 5. Best passive design and radiant cooling

27 6. Best passive, radiant cooling and soft conditioing

fully wind-shaded

no wind-shade

Parameter
1. Solar Radiation 2. Infrared Radiation 3. Air Velocity 4. Air Temperature 5. Air Humidity

Comfort
31% 44% 25%

Parameter
1. Solar Radiation 2. Infrared Radiation 3. Air Velocity 4. Air Temperature 5. Air Humidity

Comfort
8% 41% 51%

Parameter
1. Solar Radiation 2. Infrared Radiation 3. Air Velocity 4. Air Temperature 5. Air Humidity

Comfort
very hot hot
100%

very hot hot warm

very hot hot warm

warm
0% 0%

Outdoor Comfort:

J
w a rm hot

Outdoor Comfort:

Outdoor Comfort:

v e ry h o t

35%

Comfort key:

42%

active measures
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23%

Projekt Vorlage

Outdoor Comfort in Football Stadiums for FIFA 2022 World Cup, Qatar
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Sun shine hours 13th of June 2 pm to 7 pm

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sun shine hours [h]

> 4.0 3.7 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.3 0

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PT 13th of June 2.00 pm

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without radiant cooling

PT [C]

with radiant cooling

> 44.0 43.5 41.0 39.5

33.5C

41C

38.0 36.5 35.0

32C

38C

32C

39.5C

33.5 32.0 30.5 29.0 27.5 26.0

30.5C

36.5C

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Cooling concept stadium

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wind protection photo voltaic layer high reflective membrane low-e layer shading Temporary Stadium - soft air conditioning - return air cooling - low thermal mass high reflective materials Permanent Stadium - soft air conditioning - floor cooling Pitch - return air cooling - floor cooling
AHU

CCH

CCH

AHU
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Inspiration
Oassis

landscape

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Ensemble
plaza and buildings

Entertainment Centre

Conference Centre

Long Stay Hotel ADFEG HQ 5 Star Hotel

Retail Centre

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Sunflower umbrellas
solar elements

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Oasis of the future

public space in a desert climate

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Landscape, Public areas and quality of stay

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Dining Circulation

Cinema

Dining

Family street life

Arcade

Soft conditioned areas

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Quality of stay, conditioning the outdoor space

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Shading of umbrellas

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Solar radiation [W/m]

Without umbrellas

21. June 12:00

With umbrellas

Umbrella arrangement

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Quality of stay, conditioning the outdoor space

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low-e coating

PV panels

ARCADE

DINING

FAMILY GET-TOGETHER

CIRCULATION STREET LIFE

VCC NH3

air conditioning cooling water generation

floor cooling

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Umbrellas opened for solar shading and renewable energy production at day time

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Umbrellas closed for clear sky cooling at night time

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Fixed umbrellas, shading but reduced cooling effect

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T_amb T_mr nicht ffenbar (T_sky nach Debowski)

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50

45

day time umbrellas open

40

T_mr [C]

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6am 6pm

6pm 6am

30

night time umbrellas open

25

20 T_mr_reference 6-17 day T_mr_reference 18-5 night 15 15 20 25 30 35 T_amb [C] 40 45 50 55

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Shading and night cooling effect of operable umbrellas

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T_amb T_mr ffenbar (T_sky nach Dibowski)

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50

day time umbrellas open

45

40

T_mr [C]

MRT reduction during day because of cooling down of the basement during night

MRT significant reduction during night because of IR radiation exchange with the sky 6am 6pm night time umbrellas closed 6pm 6am

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30

25

20 T_mr day 6-17 day T_mr day 18-5 night 15 15 20 25 30 35 T_amb [C] 40 45 50 55

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