Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 25/2012

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 25/2012
A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit)

25 November 2012
You can download back issues (2005 - 2012) of this newsletter at: http://german-practice-collection.org/en/links/newsletters/hesp-news-and-notes or search all issues there with:
Table of Contents: BOOKS ................................................................................ 4

Dermatological Preparations for the Tropics........................................................................... 4 Health Financing in Ghana...................................................................................................... 4 Health at a Glance: Europe 2012 ............................................................................................ 4 Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012: Country Profiles...................................... 5 Localizing Development: Does Participation Work? ............................................................... 5
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5

Global Health.............................................................................................................. 5
Working toward Transformational Health Partnerships in Low- and Middle-Income Countries ................................................................................................................................................. 5 The evolution of global health teaching in undergraduate medical curricula .......................... 6 Conceptualising global health: theoretical issues and their relevance for teaching................ 6 Shifting Paradigm: How the BRICS Are Reshaping Global Health and Development ........... 6
HIV - AIDS - STI ......................................................................................................... 7

UNAIDS Report on the global AIDS epidemic - 2012 ............................................................. 7 UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2012: Results..................................................................... 7 World Health Organization Global Strategy for the Surveillance and Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance............................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction of Rapid Syphilis Testing Within Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programs in Uganda and Zambia: A Field Acceptability and Feasibility Study ............... 8 Feasibility and acceptability of rapid HIV screening in a labour ward in Togo........................ 8 Mortality in the Year Following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in HIV-Infected Adults and Children in Uganda and Zimbabwe......................................................................................... 8 Frequency and Predictors for Late Start of Antiretroviral Therapy in Primary Care Clinics, Kampala, Uganda.................................................................................................................... 9 HIV programming in Church institutions: Challenges & responses ........................................ 9 HIV/AIDS Technical Assistance Guidelines ............................................................................ 9 HIV & sex............................................................................................................................... 10 Towards the Elimination of Pediatric HIV: Enhancing Maternal, Sexual, and Reproductive Health Services ..................................................................................................................... 10 Serological Response to Treatment of Syphilis According to Disease Stage and HIV Status ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Sexual & Reproductive Health .................................................................................. 11

State of World Population 2012 ............................................................................................ 11 Access to Information on Safe Abortion: A Harm Reduction and Human Rights Approach. 11 Sublingual misoprostol versus standard surgical care for treatment of incomplete abortion in five sub-Saharan African countries ....................................................................................... 11 Further evidence of community education effects on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa ............ 12 Preventing child marriages: first international day of the girl child my life, my right, end child marriage ............................................................................................................................... 12
Maternal & Child Health............................................................................................ 12 HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 1
Safe Delivery: Reducing Maternal Mortality in Sierra Leone and Burundi............................ 12 Implementation of cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic acid in rural Mozambique: successes and challenges using HIV care and treatment programme investments in Zambzia Province ....................................................................................... 13 Costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination to schoolgirls in Mwanza Region, Tanzania................................................................................................................................ 13 The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)...................................................................... 13
Malaria ..................................................................................................................... 14
Brokering the boundary between science and advocacy: the case of intermittent preventive treatment among infants........................................................................................................ 14 Introducing vouchers for malaria prevention in Ghana and Tanzania: context and adoption of innovation in health systems ............................................................................................. 14 Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi ............................ 14 Beer Consumption Increases Human Attractiveness to Malaria Mosquitoes ....................... 15
Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................. 15
Out of the Dark: Meeting the needs of children with TB ....................................................... 15 Lessons from the roll out of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) services.............. 15 2012 Report on Tuberculosis Research Funding Trends, 2005-2011 .................................. 16 Population Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF: A Dynamic Simulation and Economic Evaluation................................................. 16 The burden of tuberculosis in crisis-affected populations: a systematic review ................... 16 A rational vaccine pipeline for tuberculosis ........................................................................... 17 Children and Tuberculosis: From Neglect to Action.............................................................. 17
Other Infectious Diseases......................................................................................... 17

Influenza Surveillance Among Children With Pneumonia Admitted to a District Hospital in Coastal Kenya, 2007-2010.................................................................................................... 17 Technology innovation for infectious diseases in the developing world ............................... 17 Maternal Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination and Neonatal Mortality in Rural North India ............. 18
Non-communicable Diseases ................................................................................... 18

Global burden of cancer in 2008: a systematic analysis of disability-adjusted life-years in 12 world regions ......................................................................................................................... 18 Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases: Guidelines for primary health care in low-resource settings......................................................................................................... 18 Non-communicable diseases in Mozambique: risk factors, burden, response and outcomes to date.................................................................................................................................... 19
Food & Nutrition........................................................................................................ 19

Whose education affects a childs nutritional status? From parents to households education ............................................................................................................................................... 19
Essential Medicines .................................................................................................. 19

International Drug Price Indicator Guide ............................................................................... 19 Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine........................................................ 20 DR-TB Drugs Under the Microscope .................................................................................... 20 Pharmaceuticals: Faking it .................................................................................................... 20 How to achieve international action on falsified and substandard medicines ....................... 21
Social Protection....................................................................................................... 21
Oportunidades - the Mexican Conditional Cash Transfer programme.................................. 21 Social protection and social exclusion: an analytical framework to assess the links............ 21
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene..................................................................................... 22

mWASH: Mobile Phone Applications for the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sector ........... 22 The effect of improved rural sanitation on diarrhoea and helminth infection: design of a cluster-randomized trial in Orissa, India................................................................................ 22 An engineer's guide to latrine slabs ...................................................................................... 22
Human Resources.................................................................................................... 23
Knowledge and performance of the Ethiopian health extension workers on antenatal and delivery care: a cross-sectional study ................................................................................... 23
Health Systems & Research ..................................................................................... 23

Changing Mindsets: Strategy on Health Policy and Systems Research .............................. 23 The price is wrong: Charging small fees dramatically reduces access to important products for the poor ............................................................................................................................ 23 Guidance on using needs based formulae and gap analysis in the equitable allocation of health care resources in East and Southern Africa............................................................... 24
HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 2
Performance-based financing for health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: What have we learnt so far? ......................................................................................................................... 24 Methodological Guide to Integrate Equity into Health Strategies, Programmes and Activities ............................................................................................................................................... 24
Information & Communication Technology ............................................................... 25

Valuing Information: A Framework for Evaluating the Impact of ICT .................................... 25 Towards a Collective Understanding of the Information Needs of Health Care Providers in Low-Income Countries, and How to Meet Them................................................................... 25
Education ................................................................................................................. 25
The Impact of Economic Crisis on Higher Education............................................................ 25 The promise of competency-based education in the health professions for improving global health..................................................................................................................................... 26
Harm Reduction & Drug Use .................................................................................... 26

The State of the Drugs Problem in Europe - Annual Report 2012........................................ 26 Tobacco Taxes: A Win-Win Measure for Fiscal Space and Health ...................................... 26
Millennium Development Goals ................................................................................ 27

Who foots the bill after 2015? What new trends in development finance mean for the postMDGs .................................................................................................................................... 27
Development Assistance .......................................................................................... 27

Results or Rhetoric? What you didnt know about Europes aid for health ........................... 27 The needy donor: an empirical analysis of Indias aid motives............................................. 27 South-South cooperation in health and pharmaceuticals: emerging trends in India-Brazil collaborations ........................................................................................................................ 28
Others ...................................................................................................................... 28
CLIMO - Climate and Mortality .............................................................................................. 28 Strengthening Research and Action on Gender-based Violence in Africa ........................... 29 Common constraints and incentive problems in service delivery ......................................... 29
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 29

Special Community Case Management Supplement in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene........................................................................................................... 29 Now Available Online - International Journal of MCH and AIDS (IJMA) 2012 Volume 1 Issue 1............................................................................................................................................. 30 Social Expenditure Database (SOCX) .................................................................................. 30
INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 30

New Platform: Health in the Post-2015 Development Agenda ............................................. 30 Corporate Alliance on Malaria in Africa (CAMA) ................................................................... 30 HeSPA Network on Development Partnerships for Health and Social Protection in Africa.. 31
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 31
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) OPENCOURSEWARE (OCW) ..................... 31
CONFERENCES................................................................ 31
Meeting Report - Multi-stakeholder Technical Meeting on Implementation Options Recommended by the WHO Consultative Expert Working Group on Research & Development (CEWG): Financing and Coordination ............................................................ 31 Global Maternal Health Conference 2013............................................................................. 32 eLearning Africa 2013 ........................................................................................................... 32
CARTOON ......................................................................... 32 TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 33

Validation of an e-mail address ............................................................................................. 33 Google Roman Numerals...................................................................................................... 33
BOOKS
Dermatological Preparations for the Tropics
2nd revised edition A formulary of dermatological preparations and background information on therapeutic choices, production and dispensing. by Peter Bakker, Herman Woerdenbag, Vincent Gooskens et al. University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 2012 268 pp. 3.8 MB:
http://beta.wewi.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/root/2012/formulary/Dermpreps-webversion.pdf
Dermatological Preparations is a formulary describing 35 preparations, covering the safe treatment of a broad range of skin diseases. The formulary focuses on effective and cheap preparations, suitable for local production and use under tropical conditions. It brings the cost-effective treatment of common skin diseases within reach of all general physicians, clinical officers and nurses in rural clinics and district hospitals. ***
Health Financing in Ghana

by George Schieber, Cheryl Cashin, Karima Saleh et al. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, November 2012 196 pp. 4.7 MB: http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/08/20/00033303 7_20120820001118/Rendered/PDF/718940PUB0PUBL067869B09780821395660.pdf Ghana is one of only several African countries to enact legislation and earmark public financing for health insurance coverage for its entire population. Seven years into its implementation, the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) has made signif icant progress in transitioning to universal coverage. Based on several new and updated sources of information, the publication analyzes Ghanas NHIS and highlights a range of policy options needed to ensure its financially sustainable transition to universal coverage. ***
Health at a Glance: Europe 2012

by Gatan Lafortune, Michael de Looper, Galle Balestat et al. OECD Publishing, 2012 154 pp. 2.0 MB: http://ec.europa.eu/health/reports/docs/health_glance_2012_en.pdf This second edition presents a set of key indicators of health status, determinants of health, health care resources and activities, quality of care, health expenditure and financing in 35 European countries, including the 27 European Union member states, 5 candidate countries and 3 EFTA countries. The selection of indicators is based largely HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 4
on the European Community Health Indicators (ECHI) shortlist, a set of indicators that has been developed to guide the reporting of health statistics in the European Union. It is complemented by additional indicators on health expenditure and quality of care, building on the OECD expertise in these areas. ***
Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2012: Country Profiles
by Eric Hermouet, Krisana Boonpriroje, Nongnuch Hiranyapaisansakul et al. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), November 2012 163 pp. 33.3 MB(!):
http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012/country-profiles/SYB2012-Countryprofiles.pdf
This 2012 edition includes country profiles for the 58 regional members and associate members of ESCAP. For each country, statistical information is presented in tables with the latest available values and numerous statistical charts presenting trends over the last 20 years, and, where possible, comparison with regional and world averages. The country profiles are complemented by regional and sub-regional tables providing an overview of Asia-Pacific in comparison with other major regions of the world and selected country groups. More complete tables are available on the Yearbook website at: http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2012 ***
Localizing Development: Does Participation Work?

by Ghazala Mansuri and Vijayendra Rao The World Bank, November 2012 348 pp. 2.5 MB:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRES/Resources/4692321321568702932/8273725-1352313091329/PRR_Localizing_Development_full.pdf
The new Policy Research Report analyzing community development and decentralization projects, shows that such projects often fail to be sensitive to complex contexts including social, political, historical and geographical realities and fall short in terms of monitoring and evaluation systems, which hampers learning. Citing numerous examples, including projects and programs supported by the World Bank, the authors demonstrate that participatory projects are not a substitute for weak states, but instead require strong central support to be effective.
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
Global Health Working toward Transformational Health Partnerships in Low- and MiddleIncome Countries
by Mark Little and Jennifer Schappert Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), September 2012
28 pp. 532 kB: https://www.bsr.org/reports/BSR_Working_Toward_Transformatio nal_Health_Partnerships.pdf Global health partnerships (GHPs) have emerged to become a dynamic and significant vehicle for collaboration to address global health challenges. This report summarizes the contribution of GHPs to meeting global health needs with a focus on low- and middle-income countries and provides perspectives on how to increase the impact and scale of GHPs going forward. The findings are based on interviews with leaders from the private sector and stakeholder groups, an assessment of more than 220 partnerships, a survey of pharmaceutical industry executives, and a multi-stakeholder roundtable convened in Geneva in December 2011. ***
The evolution of global health teaching in undergraduate medical curricula

by Mike Rowson, Abi Smith, Rob Hughes et al. Globalization and Health 2012, 8:35 (13 November 2012) 17 pp. 295 kB: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/pdf/1744-8603-8-35.pdf Since the early 1990s there has been a burgeoning interest in global health teaching in undergraduate medical curricula. In this article the authors trace the evolution of this teaching and present recommendations for how the discipline might develop in future years. ***
Conceptualising global health: theoretical issues and their relevance for teaching
by Mike Rowson, Chris Willott, Rob Hughes et al. Globalization and Health 2012, 8:36 (14 November 2012) 17 pp. 288 kB: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/pdf/1744-8603-8-36.pdf There has long been debate around the definition of the field of education, research and practice known as global health. In this article the authors step back from attempts at definition and instead ask what current definitions tell us about the evolution of the field, identifying gaps and points of debate and using these to inform discussions of how global health might be taught. ***
Shifting Paradigm: How the BRICS Are Reshaping Global Health and Development
by David Gold, Victor Zonana, Anjali Nayyar et al. Global Health Strategies initiatives (GHSi), 2012 108 pp. 3.3 MB: http://www.ghsinitiatives.org/downloads/ghsi_brics_report.pdf BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) foreign assistance spending has been growing rapidly and these countries have been exploring opportunities for more HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 6
formal collaboration among themselves and with developing countries. The goal of the report was to examine existing BRICS assistance programmes and contributions to health innovation in order to identify opportunities for the BRICS and other emerging powers to expand upon their achievements and increase their contributions to improving health in the poorest countries.
HIV - AIDS - STI UNAIDS Report on the global AIDS epidemic - 2012
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), November 2012 108 pp. 1.5 MB:
http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epide miology/2012/gr2012/20121120_UNAIDS_Global_Report_2012_en.pdf
Drawing on information provided by countries, this report summarizes the current situation in the effort to reach the 2015 targets set forth in the 2011 Political Declaration. In addition to providing a snapshot of the current situation for each target, it identifies key trends. The results summarized here are encouraging, since progress achieved to date conclusively demonstrates the feasibility of achieving the targets set in the 2011 Political Declaration. However, the findings also reveal that, to reach most of those targets by 2015, a significant additional effort is required. ***
UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2012: Results

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), November 2012 48 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/ epidemiology/2012/gr2012/JC2434_WorldAIDSday_results_en.pdf The new report shows that unprecedented acceleration in the AIDS response is producing results for people. The report shows that a more than 50% reduction in the rate of new HIV infections has been achieved across 25 low- and middle-income countries more than half in Africa, the region most affected by HIV. In addition to welcome results in HIV prevention, sub-Saharan Africa has reduced AIDS-related deaths by one third in the last six years and increased the number of people on antiretroviral treatment by 59% in the last two years alone. ***
World Health Organization Global Strategy for the Surveillance and Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance
World Health Organization, Department of HIV/AIDS, 2012 24 pp. 235 kB:
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77349/1/9789241504768_eng.pdf
Despite the obvious benefits that rapid scale-up has had on AIDS-related morbidity and mortality, the potential for widespread emergence and HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 7
transmission of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) to antiretrovirals (ARVs) has been a major on-going concern of public health experts. In 2004, WHO and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with HIVResNet, developed a global strategy for the assessment and prevention of HIVDR. This document provides an overview of the different strategy elements, so as to inform its implementation in resource-limited settings. ***
Introduction of Rapid Syphilis Testing Within Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programs in Uganda and Zambia: A Field Acceptability and Feasibility Study
by Susan Strasser, Edward Bitarakwate, Michelle Gill et al. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: 1 November 2012 Vol. 61, Issue 3, pp. e40-e46 7 pp. 196 kB: http://pdfs.journals.lww.com/jaids/2012/11010/Introduction_of_Rap id_Syphilis_Testing_Within.24.pdf (click on PDF icon) Given that integration of syphilis testing into prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs can prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, this study a ssessed feasibility and acceptability of introducing rapid syphilis testing (RST) into PMTCT services. RST was introduced into PMTCT programs in Zambia and Uganda. Using a pre-post intervention design, HIV and syphilis testing and treatment rates during the intervention were compared with baseline. The authors conclude that integrating RST in PMTCT programs increases screening and treatment for syphilis among HIVpositive pregnant women and does not compromise HIV services. ***
Feasibility and acceptability of rapid HIV screening in a labour ward in Togo

by Didier K Ekouevi, Benjamin G Kariyiare, Patrick A Coffie et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2012, 15:17380 5 pp. 537 kB: http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/17380/666 HIV screening in a labour ward is the last opportunity to initiate an antiretroviral prophylaxis among pregnant women living with HIV to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. This study is the first to show in West Africa that HIV testing in a labour room is feasible and well accepted by pregnant women. HIV screening in labour rooms needs to be routinely implemented to reduce missed opportunities for intervention aimed at HIV care and prevention, especially PMTCT. ***
Mortality in the Year Following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in HIVInfected Adults and Children in Uganda and Zimbabwe
by A. Sarah Walker, Andrew J. Prendergast, Peter Mugyenyi et al. Clin Infect Dis 2012 55: 1707-1718 - First published online: September 12, 2012
12 pp. 461 kB: http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/12/1707.full.pdf+html In low-income countries, children 4 years and adults with low CD4 count have equally high mortality risk in the 3 months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy, similar to that of untreated individuals. Bacterial infections play a major role; targeted interventions could have important benefits. ***
Frequency and Predictors for Late Start of Antiretroviral Therapy in Primary Care Clinics, Kampala, Uganda
by Ibrahim Sendagire, Frank Cobelens, Andrew Kambugu et al. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: 1 November 2012, Volume 61, Issue 3, pp. e33-e39 7 pp. 139 kB: http://pdfs.journals.lww.com/jaids/2012/11010/Frequency_and_Predictors_for_Lat e_Start_of.23.pdf (click on PDF icon) Access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) has improved greatly in many parts of the world, including Uganda, yet, many patients delay to start ART even when registered within the HIV services. The authors assessed, in a routine ambulatory care setting, what proportion of patients start ART late and the associated factors. They found that a considerable proportion of patients started ART at very low CD4 counts. Male and unemployed patients were more likely and married people and those aged 40 years or older were less likely to start ART late. ***
HIV programming in Church institutions: Challenges & responses

A Publication of Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network Vol. 12: Issue 1 - September 2012 30 pp. 3.8 MB: http://www.epnetwork.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=d oc_download&gid=330&Itemid=15 The edition brings an inspiring look on HIV programming in church institutions in Kenya, Uganda and Zambia, but also insights on the supply of ARVs, the burden of the disease in African countries, the challenges with regard to patient adherence and last but not least, an interesting view on church leaders opinions about the churchs response to HIV in the congregation and the community. ***
HIV/AIDS Technical Assistance Guidelines

South African Department of Labour, August 2012 83 pp. 572 kB: http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=70178 These new guidelines from South Africas Department of Labour cover various aspects related to HIV and AIDS in the workplace, especially concerning the elimination of unfair discrimination and promotion of equal opportunity and fair treatment. The Department HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 9
argues for a multilateral approach to deal with HIV, AIDS and tuberculosis (TB), and the guidelines show how to promote a safe working environment and manage the diseases in the workplace, as well monitoring and evaluation of intervention programmmes. ***
HIV & sex

Fourth edition 2011 Revised by Michael Carter, NAM, 2011 88 pp. 771 kB:
http://www.aidsmap.com/v634475343510000000/file/1000887/hiv_sex_ENG_2011_Web_pdf.pdf
This booklet is an introduction to sexual health for people with HIV. Part 1 looks at sexual health from a broad perspective and explains why having HIV neednt stop you having and enjoying sex. The booklet describes the ways that having HIV can affect how you feel about sex, and suggests ways to tackle problems or anxieties you may exper ience. Part 2 explains why good physical sexual health is important for people living with HIV, and outlines the steps you can take to protect your own health and that of other people. There is also information on the impact of HIV treatment on your risk of passing on HIV. Part 3 provides information on specific sexually transmitted infections. ***
Towards the Elimination of Pediatric HIV: Enhancing Maternal, Sexual, and Reproductive Health Services
by Alana F. Hairston, Emily A. Bobrow, Christian S. Pitter International Journal of MCH and AIDS (2012), Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 6-16 11 pp. 633 kB: http://mchandaids.org/wpcontent/themes/IJMA/past_issues_docs/pdf/2-Commentary-Towards.pdf In this commentary, experts from the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF) argue that within the context of efforts to eliminate pediatric HIV, there are many ways to keep women living with HIV alive and at the center of the response to the global epidemic. One of the ways to do this is to enhance maternal and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Within the elimination agenda, integration and linkages between PMTCT and comprehensive SRH services can keep mothers alive and at the center of the response. ***
Serological Response to Treatment of Syphilis According to Disease Stage and HIV Status
by Damaris Frhlich Knaute, Nicole Graf, Stephan Lautenschlager et al. Clin Infect Dis 2012 55: 1615-1622 - First published online: September 5, 2012 8 pp. 121 kB: http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/12/1615.full.pdf+html The serological response to treatment was studied in 264 syphilis patients; it was influenced by syphilis stage but not by human immunodeficiency virus infection and reinfection. Some of the recommendations of current guidelines are critically discussed, and amendments are proposed. HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 10
Sexual & Reproductive Health State of World Population 2012

By Choice, Not By Chance: Family Planning, Human Rights and Development Editors: Richard Kollodge, Robert Puchalik, Mirey Chaljub et al. United Nations Population Fund, (UNFPA), 14 November 2012 140 pp. 5.6 MB: http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/swp/2012/EN-SWP2012_Report.pdf All human beings - regardless of age, sex, race or income - are equal in dignity and rights. Yet 222 million women in developing countries are unable to exercise the human right to voluntary family planning. This report analyzes data and trends to understand who is denied access and why. It examines challenges in expanding access to family planning. And it considers the social and economic impact of family planning as well as the costs and savings of making it available to everyone who needs it. ***
Access to Information on Safe Abortion: A Harm Reduction and Human Rights Approach
by Joanna N. Erdman Harvard Journal of Law & Gender, Vol. 34, pp. 413-462, 2011 50 pp. 215 kB: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1884387_code556389.pdf?ab stractid=1884387&mirid=3 Most people associate the public health model called harm reduction with the innovative clean needle exchange programs started in the 1980s to curb HIV infection among intravenous drug users. Since then, however, harm reduction has become an evidencebased approach to reducing public health risks - including those from unsafe abortion. In the case of abortion, reproductive health advocates are beginning to apply a harm reduction framework to womens use of misoprostol without the oversight of a trained clinician. Such an approach acknowledges that for women who face legal, economic, social or cultural barriers to accessing abortion services within the health system, mis oprostol use outside the health system is safer than the methods to which these women may otherwise resort. Further, a harm reduction approach specifies that women have a right to accurate information about misoprostol and to understand the risks involved. ***
Sublingual misoprostol versus standard surgical care for treatment of incomplete abortion in five sub-Saharan African countries
by Tara Shochet, Ayisha Diop, Alioune Gaye et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2012, 12:127 (14 November 2012) 17 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2393-12-127.pdf In low-resource settings, where abortion is highly restricted and self-induced abortions HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 11
are common, access to post-abortion care (PAC) services, especially treatment of incomplete terminations, is a priority. Standard post-abortion care has involved surgical intervention but can be hard to access in these areas. Misoprostol provides an alternative to surgical intervention that could increase access to abortion care. The authors co nclude that Misoprostol, much easier to provide than surgery in low-resource environments, can be used safely, successfully, and satisfactorily for treatment of incomplete abortion. ***
Further evidence of community education effects on fertility in subSaharan Africa

by ystein Kravdal Demographic Research, Vol. 27, Article 22, pp. 645-680, 13 November, 2012 38 pp. 619 kB: http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol27/22/27-22.pdf Earlier investigations have shown that a womans chance of having a child, or various proximate determinants of her fertility, are influenced by the socioeconomic resources in the community in which she lives, net of her own resources. This study, which is based on DHS surveys from 28 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, adds to the knowledge about this issue. With a focus on first and higher-order birth rates, four specific questions are addressed. ***
Preventing child marriages: first international day of the girl child my life, my right, end child marriage
by Joar Svanemyr, Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli, Charlotte Sigurdson Christiansen et al. Reproductive Health 2012, 9:31 (20 November 2012) 7 pp. 232 kB: http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/pdf/1742-4755-9-31.pdf On 17 November 2011, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution designating 11 October as the first International Day of the Girl Child choosing ending child marriages as the theme of the day. Child marriage is a fundamental human rights violation and impacts all aspects of a girl's life. These marriages deny a girl of her childhood, disrupts her education, limits her opportunities, increases her risk of violence and abuse, and jeopardizes her health. The article presents data about the prevalence and effects, contributing factors and recommends action for prevention.
Maternal & Child Health Safe Delivery: Reducing Maternal Mortality in Sierra Leone and Burundi
Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF), November 2012 16 pp. 930 kB: http://www.msf.org/shadomx/apps/fms/fmsdownload.cfm?file_uuid= 39A67349-18EB-49FC-A6F7-72A72F5A8B1E&siteName=msf HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 12
Operational research from MSFs projects in Kabezi, Burundi, and Bo, Sierra Leone, indicate that it is possible to achieve a rapid and substantial decrease in maternal deaths of up to 74 percent by providing access to emergency obstetric care. MSFs research is the first of its kind to quantify the impact of such a model of care on maternal mortality in an African setting. ***
Implementation of cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic acid in rural Mozambique: successes and challenges using HIV care and treatment programme investments in Zambzia Province
by Troy D Moon, Carla Silva-Matos, Aventina Cordoso et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2012, 15:17406 7 pp. 551 kB: http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/download/17406/652 In order to maximize the benefits of HIV care and treatment investments in sub-Saharan Africa, programs can broaden to target other diseases amenable to screening and efficient management. The authors nested cervical cancer screening into family planning clinics at select sites also receiving PEPFAR support for antiretroviral therapy (ART) rollout. This was done using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) by maternal child health nurses. They report on achievements and obstacles in the first year of the pr ogram in rural Mozambique. ***
Costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination to schoolgirls in Mwanza Region, Tanzania

by Wilm Quentin, Fern Terris-Prestholt, John Changalucha et al. BMC Medicine 2012, 10:137 (13 November 2012) 31 pp. 2.7 MB: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1741-7015-10-137.pdf Cervical cancer is the leading cause of female cancer-related deaths in Tanzania. Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) offers a new opportunity to control this disease. This study aimed to estimate the costs of a school-based HPV vaccination project in three districts in Mwanza Region, Tanzania and to model incremental scaled-up costs of a regional vaccination program. The authors estimate that vaccine can be d elivered at costs that would make HPV vaccination a very cost-effective intervention. ***
The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 55, suppl. 4; December 15, 2012 Read/download all 12 articles free of charge at: http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/suppl_4?etoc Diarrheal disease remains one of the top 2 causes of young child mortality in the developing world. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) was designed to overcome drawbacks of earlier studies and determine the aetiology and populationbased burden of paediatric diarrheal disease. GEMS data will guide investment and help prioritize strategies to mitigate the morbidity and mortality of paediatric diarrheal disease. HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 13
Malaria Brokering the boundary between science and advocacy: the case of intermittent preventive treatment among infants
by Valeria Oliveira Cruz and Gill Walt Health Policy Plan. (2012) - First published online: November 17, 2012 10 pp. 164 kB: http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/11/16/heapol.c zs101.full.pdf+html The process of translating research into policy has gained considerable attention in recent years and a number of studies have investigated the nexus between the two worlds of research and policy. One issue that has been little addressed is about the boundaries between research and advocacy: how far scientists do, or should, promote particular findings to policy makers and others. This article analyses a particular intervention in malaria control and the Consortium set up to accelerate its potential implementation. ***
Introducing vouchers for malaria prevention in Ghana and Tanzania: context and adoption of innovation in health systems
By Don de Savigny, Jayne Webster, Irene Akua Agyepong et al. Health Policy Plan. (2012) 27 (suppl 4): iv32-iv43 12 pp. 581 kB: http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/suppl_4/iv32.full.pdf+html In this study, the authors compare the health system and other contexts between Tanzania and Ghana that are relevant to the scaling up of continuous delivery of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) for malaria prevention. While both countries have made major efforts and investments to address this intervention through integrating consumer discount vouchers into the health system, the schemes have been more successful in Tanzania. The authors found that contextual factors that provided an enabling environment for the voucher scheme in Tanzania did not do so in Ghana. ***
Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi

by Charles S. Wondji, Michael Coleman, Immo Kleinschmidt et al. PNAS, November 20, 2012, Vol. 109 No. 47, 19063-19070 8 pp. 973 kB:
http://www.pnas.org/content/109/47/19063.full.pdf#page=1&view=FitH
Pyrethroids are the dominant insecticides used for malaria control, with few options for their replacement. Their failure will adversely affect our ability to control malaria. Pyr ethroid resistance has been selected in Malawi over the last 3 y in the two major malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus, with a higher frequency of r esistance in the latter. There is the potential for vector population numbers to increase with a concomitant negative impact on control efficacy. This should be monitored carefully as part of the operational activities in country. HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 14
Beer Consumption Increases Human Attractiveness to Malaria Mosquitoes

by Thierry Lefvre, Louis-Clment Gouagna, Kounbobr Roch Dabir et al. PLoS ONE 5(3): e9546 (4 March 2010) 8 pp. 402 kB:
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=BAD2C75A173846FB B8BD0A34E0BDFBA1?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0009546&representation=PDF
Malaria and alcohol consumption both represent major public health problems. Alcohol consumption is rising in developing countries and, as efforts to manage malaria are expanded, understanding the links between malaria and alcohol consumption becomes crucial. The authors aim was to ascertain the effect of beer consumption on human attractiveness to malaria mosquitoes in semi field conditions in Burkina Faso. From their study they conclude that beer consumption is a risk factor for malaria and needs to be integrated into public health policies for the design of control measures.
Tuberculosis Out of the Dark: Meeting the needs of children with TB

Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines - Mdecins Sans Frontires, October 2011 20 pp. 2.2 MB: http://www.msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/MSF_assets/TB/Docs/ TB_report_OutoftheDark_ENG_2011_Final.pdf The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of paediatric TB have been neglected for many years. However, the recent rise in awareness of paediatric TB combined with new a dvances in adult TB care mean that there is now the potential to change this. This booklet is highlighting what can be done to improve the services available for children with TB. ***
Lessons from the roll out of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) services
Citizen News Service (CNS), November 2012 16 pp. 1.6 MB:
http://www.scribd.com/document_downloads/direct/113325991?extension=pdf&ft=1352970 273&lt=1352973883&source=read+page&uahk=c+pAclJKiAH2AEe84PEO87m81w0
Citizen News Service (CNS) and partners hosted an online consultation and conducted key informant interviews in October and November 2012 to learn the key lessons from roll out of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) services in high burden countries such as India, Nigeria, Indonesia, among others. The writers of CNS come from affected communities who have something to say on issues they feel for, or are affected by, in their daily lives, and give a voice to those who are seldom heard. ***
2012 Report on Tuberculosis Research Funding Trends, 2005-2011

by Eleonora Jimnez-Levi Treatment Action Group (TAG), November 2012 56 pp. 1.9 MB:
http://www.stoptb.org/assets/documents/news/TAG_8X10_Final.pdf
The report builds on seven years of investment data to report on annual funding trends and gaps among the leading TB Research & Development (R&D) donors, and analyzes current spending levels to assess the world's progress in meeting the Global Plan to Stop TB 2011-2015 (Global Plan) R&D funding targets. The 2012 Report finds 81 donors invested US$ 649.6 million in TB R&D, an 82% increase from the baseline year of 2005, but only a 3% increase over 2010 funding levels. ***
Population Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF: A Dynamic Simulation and Economic Evaluation
by Nicolas A. Menzies, Ted Cohen, Hsien-Ho Lin et al. PLoS Med 9(11): e1001347 (November 20, 2012) 17 pp. 801 kB:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=293CFB4AF31967748 84691FCADB42C92?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001347&representation=PDF
The Xpert MTB/RIF test enables rapid detection of tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance. The World Health Organization recommends Xpert for initial diagnosis in ind ividuals suspected of having multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) or HIV-associated TB, and many countries are moving quickly toward adopting Xpert. As roll-out proceeds, it is essential to understand the potential health impact and cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies based on Xpert. ***
The burden of tuberculosis in crisis-affected populations: a systematic review

by William Kimbrough, Vanessa Saliba, Maysoon Dahab et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 12, Issue 12, pp. 950-965, December 2012 16 pp. 333 kB:
http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473309912702256.pdf
Crises caused by armed conflict, forced population displacement, or natural disasters result in high rates of excess morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. Many of these crises occur in areas with a substantial tuberculosis burden. The authors did a systematic review to summarise what is known about the burden of tuberculosis in crisis settings. Findings suggest the need for early establishment of tuberculosis services, especially in displaced populations from high-burden areas and for continued innovation and prioritisation of tuberculosis control in crisis settings. ***
A rational vaccine pipeline for tuberculosis

by M. J. Brennan, M. R. Stone, T. Evans Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 16(12):1566-1573 9 pp. 459 kB:
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/download?pub=infobike%3a%2f%2fiuatld %2fijtld%2f2012%2f00000016%2f00000012%2fart00004&mimetype=application%2fpdf
The development of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines is at a turning point, with the promise of new vaccines on the horizon. However, many gaps remain in our understanding of TB pathogenesis as well as the host immune responses required to provide protective immunity. It is required that TB vaccines are both safe and effective in all populations. It cannot be accomplished without hard work as well as additional resources that match the ambitious goals of the TB community. ***
Children and Tuberculosis: From Neglect to Action

by Mandy Slutsker Action Global Health Advocacy Partnership, 2012 12 pp. 5.6 MB:
http://www.hst.org.za/sites/default/files/Children_and_TB_Update_-_English_(4).pdf
Even though it is preventable and treatable, tuberculosis (TB) is a top ten killer of children worldwide. ACTION has released its second brief on children and TB, issuing recommendations for the international community and affected countries to combat this neglected epidemic.
Other Infectious Diseases Influenza Surveillance Among Children With Pneumonia Admitted to a District Hospital in Coastal Kenya, 2007-2010
by Clayton O. Onyango, Regina Njeru, Sidi Kazungu et al. J Infect Dis. (2012) 206 (suppl. 1): S61-S67 7 pp. 186 kB:
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/206/suppl_1/S61.full.pdf+html
Influenza data gaps in sub-Saharan Africa include incidence, case fatality, seasonal patterns, and associations with prevalent disorders. The authors found that the burden of influenza was small during 20072010 in this paediatric hospital in Kenya. Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 predominated, and 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 had little impact. ***
Technology innovation for infectious diseases in the developing world

by Anthony D So and Quentin Ruiz-Esparza Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012, 1:2 (25 October 2012) 9 pp. 332 kB: http://www.idpjournal.com/content/pdf/2049-9957-1-2.pdf HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 17
Enabling innovation and access to health technologies remains a key strategy in combating infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, a gulf between paying markets and the endemicity of such diseases has contributed to the dearth of Research & Development in meeting these public health needs. Facing resource constraints, LMICs are poised to develop a new, more resource-effective model of innovation that holds exciting promise in meeting the needs of global health. ***
Maternal Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination and Neonatal Mortality in Rural North India
by Abhishek Singh, Saseendran Pallikadavath, Reuben Ogollah et al. PLoS ONE 7(11): e48891 (9 November 2012) 7 pp. 150 kB:
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=E2856A7143AC1544B C65830B95755C28?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0048891&representation=PDF
Preventable neonatal mortality due to tetanus infection remains common. The authors aimed to examine antenatal vaccination impact in a context of continuing high neonatal mortality in rural northern India. Substantial gains in newborn survival could be achieved in rural North India through increased coverage of antenatal Tetanus Toxoid (TT) va ccination. The apparent substantial protective effect of a single antenatal dose of TT r equires further study. It may reflect greater population vaccination coverage and indicates that health programming should prioritise universal antenatal coverage with at least one dose.
Non-communicable Diseases Global burden of cancer in 2008: a systematic analysis of disabilityadjusted life-years in 12 world regions
by Isabelle Soerjomataram, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent, D Maxwell Parkin et al. The Lancet, Vol. 380, Issue 9856, pp. 1840-1850, 24 November 2012 11 pp. 5.5 MB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673612609192.pdf Country comparisons that consider the effect of fatal and non-fatal disease outcomes are needed for health-care planning. The authors calculated disability-adjusted lifeyears (DALYs) to estimate the global burden of cancer in 2008. Opportunities exist to reduce the major risk factors and the associated cancer burden through broad implementation of proven interventions specific to every countrys economic development level. ***
Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases: Guidelines for primary health care in low-resource settings
by Shanthi Mendis, Oleg Chestnov, D. Bettcher et al. World Health Organization, 2012 72 pp. 912 kB:
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) affect the poor as well as the affluent. Strokes, heart attacks, complications of diabetes and chronic lung disease entrench people in poverty as a result of catastrophic health expenditure and loss of gainful employment. Early detection and treatment can prevent these NCD complications. Universal coverage is necessary for essential NCD interventions that can be delivered in primary health care even in low resource settings. These evidence based guidelines and tools facilitate implementation of the WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease interventions and WHO Best Buys. ***
Non-communicable diseases in Mozambique: risk factors, burden, response and outcomes to date
by Carla Silva-Matos and David Beran Globalization and Health 2012, 8:37 (21 November 2012) 21 pp. 716 kB: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/pdf/1744-8603-8-37.pdf Mozambique, through political commitment from the Ministry of Health and the dedication of local champions, has been able to garner international support to improve care for people with diabetes and then use this to develop its National Plan for NCDs. Despite this increase in attention resources available do not match the challenge of NCDs in Mozambique. Mozambiques experience provides a practical example of actions that can be undertaken in a resource poor country to tackle the emerging burden of NCDs.
Food & Nutrition Whose education affects a childs nutritional status? From parents to households education
by Francesco Burchi Demographic Research, Vol. 27, pp. 681-704; 16 November 2012 26 pp. 552 kB: http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol27/23/27-23.pdf The paper engages in the ongoing debate regarding the determinants of child nutrition in developing countries and stresses the potential contribution of the education of household members other than the childs parents. The author concludes that his findings should orient policy-makers toward income-augmenting and education-enhancing policies: the importance of non-parents literacy opens a further space for investment in education.
Essential Medicines International Drug Price Indicator Guide

Edited by Julie E. Frye Management Sciences for Health (MSH), 2012 167 pp. 1.5 MB: http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/pdf/DrugPriceGuide_2011_en.pdf HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 19
The International Drug Price Indicator Guide contains a spectrum of prices from pharmaceutical suppliers, international development organizations, and government agencies. The Guide aims to make price information more widely available in order to improve procurement of medicines of assured quality for the lowest possible price. Comparative price information is important for getting the best price, and this is an essential reference for anyone involved in the procurement of pharmaceuticals. ***
Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine

3rd Revision 2011 World Health Organization, 2012 38 pp. 1.0 MB:
This document is intended for public health and animal health authorities, practicing physicians and veterinarians, and other interested stakeholders involved in managing antimicrobial resistance to ensure that critically important antimicrobials are used prudently both in human and veterinary medicine. ***
DR-TB Drugs Under the Microscope

Sources and prices for drugresistant tuberculosis medicines 2nd Edition The Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF) Access Campaign and The International Union Against Tuberculosis And Lung Disease, November 2012 48 pp. 2.0 MB:
http://msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/MSF_assets/TB/Docs/TB_Report_UTM_ENG_2012.pdf
This report focuses on just some of the many factors that hamper the scaling up of Drug-resistant-TB treatment - the limited availability and high cost of quality-assured medicines for resistant strains of the disease, owing to an insecure market and insufficient demand; and the research questions that remain unsolved with existing medicines. Also, as the Research & Development pipeline prepares to deliver the first new compounds for TB in close to half a century, the report provides an initial assessment of the approaches to be taken in order to radically transform our ability to respond to this plague. ***
Pharmaceuticals: Faking it
by Andrew Jack BMJ 2012;345:e7836 (Published 20 November 2012) 3 pp. 157 kB: http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e7836?ijkey=jhKrKj1qDqWIM2t&keytype=ref Globalisation has helped increase the risks of counterfeit drugs endangering human life. The author looks at the scale of the problem and the latest attempts to crack down on crime. The article deals with the widespread confusion of the terminologies involved in HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 20
this complex phenomenon, the vested interests, the lack of stakeholder alignment, problems of transparency and data confidence, and general absence of a coherent strategy at the multilateral level. He also mentions the emergence of new technologies and par tnerships seeking a practical response to the problem, especially at the level of patient empowerment. ***
How to achieve international action on falsified and substandard medicines

by Amir Attaran, Donna Barry, Shamnad Basheer et al. BMJ 2012;345:e7381 (Published 13 November 2012) 6 pp. 438 kB: http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e7381.pdf%2Bhtml Substandard and falsified medicines kill patients, yet progress on the twin challenges of safeguarding the quality of genuine medicine and criminalising falsified ones has been held back by controversy over intellectual property rights and confusion over terms. The authors propose a global treaty to overcome the problems.
Social Protection Oportunidades - the Mexican Conditional Cash Transfer programme

Inclusive Growth Bulletin #16 - November / December 2012 http://www.ipc-undp.org/getPage.do?id=288 International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) presents a series of ten One Pagers (OPs) on Oportunidades - the Mexican Conditional Cash Transfer programme based on the chapters of the book Poverty, Conditional Cash Transfers and Society organized by Mercedes Gonzalez de La Rocha y Agustn Escobar (CIESAS/Mexico). The OPs cover many dimensions of the Programme that are not well known to the general public, such as the expansion of the supply of health and education services in rural areas. Such expansion occurred alongside the implementation of the demand-based Oportunidades Programme. ***
Social protection and social exclusion: an analytical framework to assess the links
By Babken Babajanian and Jessica Hagen-Zanker The Overseas Development Institute (ODI) Background Notes -October 2012 12 pp. 631 kB: http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publicationsopinion-files/7864.pdf Social protection refers to publicly-mandated policies and programmes to address risk and vulnerability among poor and near-poor households. Social exclusion is used in social policy and social devel-opment literature as a framework to conceptualise human deprivation and establish the mechanisms that produce and reproduce it. This ODI Background Note discusses current trends in HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 21
social protection discourse, and some specific examples of how social protection could promote social inclusion by addressing some of the main outcomes and drivers of exclusion.
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene mWASH: Mobile Phone Applications for the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sector
by Misha T. Hutchings, Anurupa Dev, Meena Palaniappan et al. Pacific Institute, April 2012 115 pp. 5.2 MB: http://www.pacinst.org/reports/mwash/full_report.pdf The report assesses how mobile solutions for water, sanitation and hygiene can amass and disseminate information quickly and thoroughly - directly to or from the underserved populations most in need of service from water providers. ***
The effect of improved rural sanitation on diarrhoea and helminth infection: design of a cluster-randomized trial in Orissa, India
Thomas Clasen, Sophie Boisson, Parimita Routray et al. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 2012, 9:7 (13 November 2012) 20 pp. 1.8 MB:
http://www.ete-online.com/content/pdf/1742-7622-9-7.pdf
Obtaining health impact data for rural sanitation campaigns poses a number of methodological challenges. Here the authors describe the design of a village-level clusterrandomised trial in the state of Orissa, India to evaluate impact of an on-going rural sanitation campaign conducted under the umbrella of Indias Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC). They discuss a number of methodological problems encountered thus far in this study that may be typical for sanitation trials. Nevertheless, it is expected that the trial procedures will allow measuring the effectiveness of a typical rural sanitation campaign, with sufficient accuracy and validity. ***
An engineer's guide to latrine slabs

by Brian Reed Water Engineering and Development Centre, Loughborough University, 2012 24 pp. 7.9 MB:
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/booklets/BK005_LTS_A4_Pages.pdf
Providing sanitation for all is a major global challenge involving many complex issues. The user of a latrine however, will have more local concerns such as the condition of the latrine slab. This is one of the key components of the most common type of sanitary facility. This booklet highlights the design, manufacture and maintenance features that help to improve the safety and comfort of users. HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 22
Human Resources Knowledge and performance of the Ethiopian health extension workers on antenatal and delivery care: a cross-sectional study
by Araya Medhanyie, Mark Spigt, GeertJan Dinant et al. Human Resources for Health 2012, 10:44 (21 November 2012) 14 pp. 1.0 MB: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/pdf/1478-4491-10-44.pdf In recognition of the critical shortage of human resources within health services, community health workers have been trained and deployed to provide primary health care in developing countries. However, very few studies have investigated whether these health workers can provide good quality of care. This study investigated the knowledge and performance of health extension workers (HEWs) on antenatal and delivery care. The study also explored the barriers and facilitators for HEWs in the provision of maternal health care.
Health Systems & Research Changing Mindsets: Strategy on Health Policy and Systems Research
by Abdul Ghaffar, Srinath Reddy, Nhan Tran et al. World Health Organization, 2012 50 pp. 510 kB: http://www.who.int/alliancehpsr/alliancehpsr_changingmindsets_strategyhpsr.pdf In November 2010, more than 1,200 diverse stakeholders from the realms of health research, policy, funding, implementation and civil society gathered for the first time in Montreux, Switzerland (at the First Global Symposium on Health Systems Research) to discuss and debate the important role and contribution of health policy and systems research (HPSR) in decision-making. Together, they called for the development of a Strategy on Health (Policy) and Systems Research in order to advocate for greater ge neration and use of research evidence in health policy and build a case for further investment in this critical area of research. ***
The price is wrong: Charging small fees dramatically reduces access to important products for the poor
The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) - Bulletin, April 2011 12 pp. 4.6 MB: http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/the-price-is-wrong Relative to free distribution, charging even very small user fees substantially reduces adoption of products. There is no evidence that the act of paying for a product makes a recipient more likely to use it. In general, cost-sharing does not appear to concentrate adoption on those who need products most. Receiving a product for free can even increase willingness to pay for it later. The question of whether HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 23
to charge fees for clinic visits or acute care is not addressed by the studies summarized here. ***
Guidance on using needs based formulae and gap analysis in the equitable allocation of health care resources in East and Southern Africa
By Di McIntyre and Laura Anselmi Regional Network for Equity in Health in Southern Africa (EQUINET), September 2012 23 pp. 261 kB: http://www.equinetafrica.org/bibl/docs/Diss93%20RAguidance%20Sep2012.pdf EQUINET has supported the development of needs-based resource allocation formulae in a number of east and southern African countries in the past, and the methods for developing such a formula are summarised in this paper. A needs-based formula is used to identify the provinces and districts that are furthest from their equity targets and that should receive priority for the allocation of additional budgetary resources. A detailed gap analysis focuses on comparing the current physical and human resources in each of these provinces and districts to national norms (developed by the Mozambique Ministry of Health based on what is regarded as the ideal or good practice). ***
Performance-based financing for health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: What have we learnt so far?
Part 2 by Adanna Chukwuma Consultancy Africa Intelligence (Pty) Ltd., 16 November 2012 Read online at:
http://www.consultancyafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1169:perform ance-based-financing-for-health-systems-in-sub-saharan-africa-what-have-we-learnt-so-far-part2&catid=61:hiv-aids-discussion-papers&Itemid=268
Part 1 of this series examined the evolution of performance-based financing (PBF) within health systems in Africa, the underlying theory supporting these models and the evidence for their effectiveness from research and practice. This final paper in the series considers some of the potential setbacks that could arise with the adoption of PBF models and, based on experience from within various contexts, identifies factors that appear to be instrumental to their successful implementation. ***
Methodological Guide to Integrate Equity into Health Strategies, Programmes and Activities
by Begoa Merino Merino, Pilar Campos Esteban, Mara Santaolaya Cesteros et al. Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Spain, 2012 141 pp. 2.4 MB: http://www.msssi.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/prevPromocion/promocion/desig ualdadSalud/jornadaPresent_Guia2012/docs/Methodological_Guide_Equity_SPAs.pdf HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 24
This guide has the aims of raising awareness on health equity and the social determ inants of health approach among professionals in the health sector and in those employed in sectors with impact on the health of the population; and provide a practical tool that eases the effective integration of equity into Health Strategies, Programmes and Activities (SPAs).
Information & Communication Technology Valuing Information: A Framework for Evaluating the Impact of ICT
by Bjorn-Soren Gigler World Bank Institutes Innovation Practice, 2012 11 pp. 357 kB: http://www.opendta.org/Documents/How%20To%20%20Informational%20Capabilities%20DRAFT.pdf Under what conditions can information and communications technologies (ICTs) enhance the well-being of poor communities? The alternative evaluation framework (AEF) does not assume a direct and linear relationship between improved ICT access and enhanced socio-economic development but instead develops an impact chain that attempts to unpack the various indirect effects of information and communications tec hnology on peoples well-being and examines the mechanisms by which access to - and meaningful use of - these technologies can enhance peoples informational capabilities and can lead to improvements in peoples human and social capabilities. ***
Towards a Collective Understanding of the Information Needs of Health Care Providers in Low-Income Countries, and How to Meet Them
by Neil Pakenham-Walsh Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, 17:9-17, 2012 9 pp. 95 kB: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10810730.2012.666627 Poor knowledge among health care providers (including health workers and citizens) leads to poor health outcomes. This article discusses current linear research-to-practice paradigms and argues that these approaches are not meeting the needs of health care providers in low- and middle-income countries. It suggests a broader, needs-led approach. The article argues that systems thinking is required.
Education The Impact of Economic Crisis on Higher Education

Editor: Clive Wing UNESCO Bangkok, Asia & Pacific Regional Bureau for Education, 2012 126 pp. 1.5 MB: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002171/217144e.pdf HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 25
The case studies concurred that the impact of the global economic crisis on higher education was not as severe as anticipated. In some countries, public investment on education has increased as a result of various stimulus packages. This, in part, can be attributed to the countries recognition of higher educations potential contribution to ec onomic growth. However, more in-depth studies are needed to provide mid- to long-term perspectives on issues such as access to higher education and public-private partnership since the economic downturn will influence household incomes and funding from government. ***
The promise of competency-based education in the health professions for improving global health
by Larry D Gruppen, Rajesh S Mangrulkar and Joseph C Kolars Human Resources for Health 2012, 10:43 (16 November 2012) 14 pp. 324 kB: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/pdf/1478-4491-10-43.pdf Competency-based education (CBE) provides a useful alternative to time-based models for preparing health professionals and constructing educational programs. The authors describe the concept of 'competence' and 'competencies' as well as the critical curricular implications that derive from a focus on 'competence' rather than 'time'. Because CBE begins with a careful consideration of the competencies desired in the health professional workforce to address health care priorities, it provides a vehicle for integrating the health needs of the country with the values of the profession.
Harm Reduction & Drug Use The State of the Drugs Problem in Europe - Annual Report 2012
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), November 2012 104 pp. 2.9 MB:
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_190854_EN_TDAC12001ENC.pdf
Today we are presented with a range of challenges, both new and old. They may be linked to advances in information and communication technology, the spread of new psychoactive substances, and increased availability and use of synthetic drugs. Or they may stem from long-established problems that continue to defy our responses, and cause damage to both individuals and communities. The EMCDDA is committed to providing the evidence base to ensure that the debate on drugs in Europe remains informed by a comprehensive, dispassionate and, most importantly, helpful understanding of this complex issue. ***
Tobacco Taxes: A Win-Win Measure for Fiscal Space and Health

by Prabhat Jha, Renu Joseph, David Li et al. Asian Development Bank, November 2012 38 pp. 1.8 MB:
http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2012/tobacco-taxes-health-matters.pdf
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is committed to inclusive growth and poverty r eduction in the Asia Pacific region. Mitigating the impact of tobacco use is an important priority in this region. ADB commissioned an expert group to estimate the health and fiscal impacts of higher taxes on cigarettes in the region, with a focus on the Peoples Republic of China, India, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The report finds that there is a win-win situation in terms of reduced disease and disability from smoking as well as increases in revenue.
Millennium Development Goals Who foots the bill after 2015? What new trends in development finance mean for the post-MDGs
by Romilly Greenhill and Annalisa Prizzon Overseas Development Institute (ODI), October 2012 39 pp. 397 kB:
http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/7905.pdf
The aim of this paper is to assess the implications of a new financing landscape for the post-2015 negotiations. It looks at the past and likely future trends in development finance and reviews the interests and priorities of the main players in the post -2015 negotiations to propose 10 recommendations on how the post-2015 agreement should be structured and monitored.
Development Assistance Results or Rhetoric? What you didnt know about Europes aid for health
by Rachel Lander, Marco Simonelli, Julia Ravenscroft et al. Action for Global Health (AFGH), November 2012 56 pp. 5.9 MB:
http://www.actionforglobalhealth.eu/fileadmin/AfGH_Intranet/AFGH/ODA/o da_singles.pdf
This report shares new evidence and analysis about the volume and quality of Official Development Assistance (ODA) for health contributed by six key countries in the European Union (EU) France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK as well as the EU institutions. The findings show that many of Europes biggest economies are not living up to their commitments on ODA and that many are also not reaching the 0.1 per cent of Gross National Income (GNI) target for global health, set by the WHO a decade ago. Perhaps most worrying from a health perspective is that not only is the volume of aid being cut by many EU countries, but the percentage of aid donated to health projects and infrastructure is also being squeezed, putting the lives of the poorest and most vulnerable at risk. ***
The needy donor: an empirical analysis of Indias aid motives

by Andreas Fuchs and Krishna Chaitanya Vadlamannati University of Heidelberg Department of Economics Discussion Paper Series No. 532, 2012 HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 27
41 pp. 1.9 MB: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2140949_code1 558578.pdf?abstractid=2140949&mirid=1 Although many people in India suffer from poverty, the country is also emerging as an important aid donor. This article analyses Indias aid allocation decisions with the intention of understanding why poor countries provide foreign aid. The study shows that the importance of political interests is signif icantly larger for India than for all other donors of the Development Assistance Committee. Moreover, countries which are geographically closer and at a similar developmental stage are more likely to enter Indias aid programme. ***
South-South cooperation in health and pharmaceuticals: emerging trends in India-Brazil collaborations

by Sachin Chaturvedi Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), March 2011 44 pp. 503 kB: http://www.ris.org.in/images/RIS_images/pdf/dp172_pap.pdf India and Brazil have increasingly collaborated in the health sector, not only bilaterally, but also in several international fora, thus supporting South-South cooperation. At the bilateral level, both countries have identified common health sector challenges for joint research and supported research in their respective economies. They have also been developing partnerships for setting the agenda in multilateral discussions. The paper provides an overview of the trade linkages between the two economies with special reference to the pharmaceutical sector and presents initiatives at various levels for expansion of ties in the health sector.
Others CLIMO - Climate and Mortality

Global Health Action - Supplement 1, 2012 Guest Editors and Mentors: Joacim Rocklv, Ume, Sweden, Osman Sankoh, Accra, Ghana and Rainer Sauerborn, Heidelberg, Germany 91 pp. 3.6 MB: http://www.globalhealthaction.net/index.php/gha/article/view/20152/pdf_1 This supplement of the Global Health Action is exclusively dedicated to a collection of articles generated from the research project of the INDEPTH Network, Climate and Mo rtality (CLIMO). It is hoped that the scientific evidence presented in the supplement will assist policy making in the countries represented in the studies, to tackle the challenges of climate change. ***
Strengthening Research and Action on Gender-based Violence in Africa

by Ellen Weiss, Stella Mukasa, Mary Ellsberg et al. International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), Gender-based Violence Prevention (GVP) Network and South African Medical Research Council (MRC), 2012 28 pp. 1.5 MB: http://www.icrw.org/files/publications/Wellspring_Rpt.pdf Experience from this study shows that partnering violence prevention organizations with research institutions has strengthened the formers skills to carry out relevant, action r esearch and has helped direct information on violence against women into the hands of those who are best positioned to use it, namely social movements and program implementers. Yet the process is time intensive and care must be taken in clarifying roles and expectations and managing communication among partners. ***
Common constraints and incentive problems in service delivery

by Leni Wild, Victoria Chambers, Maia King and Dan Harris Overseas Development Institute Working Paper Nr.351, August 2012 41 pp. 383 kB: http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publicationsopinion-files/7791.pdf There is growing recognition that, despite significant increases in resourcing, public service delivery is still failing in many developing countries. Political and governance factors may offer at least part of the explanation. A stronger evidence base is needed to address these factors, with greater cross country analysis that identifies some of the most common political economy constraints and incentive problems, and draws out lessons for how they can be overcome. To contribute to this evidence base, ODI undertook a review of the existing evidence base in three sectors (education, health, water and sanitation) across multiple countries.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Special Community Case Management Supplement in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/87/5_Suppl A special Community Case Management (CCM) Supplement published by the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene is available with open access online. It is hoped that the new evidence contained in this supplement will help to inform policymakers, program managers, and all partners who are supporting scale up of community treatment programs aimed at reaching poor and disadvantaged children. In addition to appropriate treatment, there is recognition that a broad inter-sectoral approach focused on effective prevention - breastfeeding, clean water, good sanitation and hygiene, immunization, insecticide-treated nets, and appropriate behavior change communication - is required for maximum impact on pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria in children. HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 29
Now Available Online - International Journal of MCH and AIDS (IJMA) 2012 Volume 1 Issue 1
http://mchandaids.org/ The International Journal of MCH and AIDS (IJMA) is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, clinical studies, evaluation studies, and policy ana lyses in all areas of maternal, infant, child health, (MCH) and HIV/AIDS in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), also referred to as developing countries. ***
Social Expenditure Database (SOCX)

http://www.oecd.org/social/socialpoliciesanddata/socialexpendi turedatabasesocx.htm The OECD Social Expenditure Database (SOCX) has been developed in order to serve a growing need for indicators of social policy. It includes reliable and internationally comparable statistics on public and (mandatory and voluntary) private social expenditure at programme level. It covers 34 OECD countries for the period 1980-2009 and estimates for 2010-2012. The main social policy areas are as follows: Old age, Survivors, Incapacity-related benefits, Health, Family, Active labour market programmes, Unemployment, Housing, and Other social policy areas.
INTERESTING WEB SITES

New Platform: Health in the Post-2015 Development Agenda
http://www.worldwewant2015.org/health This platform, launched and run by the UN programme, The World We Want 2015, is an open and inclusive consultation space to discuss the role of health in the post 2015 development agenda. The platform is hoping to draw a representative cross section of views and start to build consensus in five key areas: What are the lessons learnt from the health related MDGs? What is the priority health agenda for the 15 years after 2015? How does health fit in the post 2015 development agenda? What are the best indicators and targets for health? And how can country ownership, commitment, capacity and accountability for the goals, targets and indicators be enhanced? ***
Corporate Alliance on Malaria in Africa (CAMA)

http://gbchealth.org/our-work/collective-actions/cama/ The Corporate Alliance on Malaria in Africa (CAMA) is a unique coalition of companies from various industries, all with business interests in Africa. Their vision is to reduce the incidence of malaria by promoting private sector cooperation on malaria control projects in Sub-Saharan Africa. They are providing a forum for corporations, working with governments and NGOs, to cooperate on existing malaria intervention projects in SubSaharan Africa, encourage the creation of new partnerships, share best practices and promote understanding of the fight against malaria. HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 30
HeSPA Network on Development Partnerships for Health and Social Protection in Africa
http://hespa.net/ The HeSPA Network is an Africa-wide interactive information exchange platform on Development Partnerships for Health & Social Protection. The mission of the Network is to contribute to increased knowledge and understanding of the role of the private sector in African health and s ocial protection systems in general and its effective and efficient engagement in particular through the facilitation and promotion of information exchange in Africa.
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) OPENCOURSEWARE (OCW)
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology: http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/health-sciences-and-technology/ This programme contains courses feature video lessons, power point presentations assignments, reading material and related course work. The project was announced in 2001 and has developed into a catalogue of over 2,100 courses, covering nearly all subjects taught at the prestigious school. These are not brief overviews or simple summaries, but the actual course material and information taught to MIT students. The course material is provided free of charge by MIT but the big sticking point is the lack of accreditation. None of the courses you take will count as college credit towards a degree, nor will having taken these courses entitle you to claim you attended or studied at MIT. Yet, if you want to expand your horizons, learn a new subject or brush up on your exis ting knowledge, this resource is hands down the highest quality and cheapest way.
CONFERENCES
Meeting Report - Multi-stakeholder Technical Meeting on Implementation Options Recommended by the WHO Consultative Expert Working Group on Research & Development (CEWG): Financing and Coordination
Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center, 16-19 October 2012 Organized by the International Health Policy Programme, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, and the Forum on Global Governance for Health, Harvard Global Health Institute, USA 12 pp. 399 kB: http://globalhealth.harvard.edu/sites/globalhealth.harvard.edu/files/Meeting%20R eport%20FINAL.pdf The problem of how to ensure that Research & Development (R&D) meets the health needs of all, especially the worlds poorest or most neglected populations, has been an HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 31
issue on the international health agenda since the 1970s. After many years of deliber ation and analysis, the key question now facing Member States of the World Health Assembly is no longer whether there is a problem, what the underlying causes are, or whether to act but rather, how. This report is not intended to be a consensus document, but rather, to summarize the key options for implementation that were elaborated in the meetings discussions. ***
Global Maternal Health Conference 2013

January 15-17, 2013 Arusha International Conference Center, Tanzania, GMHC2013 is a technical conference for scientists, researchers, and policy-makers to network, share knowledge, and build on progress toward eradicating preventable m aternal mortality and morbidity by improving quality of care. In 2010, the first Global Maternal Health Conference was convened in New Delhi, as a partnership with the Public Health Foundation of India and the MHTF. The 2013 conference will build on the successful technical focus and abstract-driven structure of the 2010 conference. For more information see: http://maternalhealthtaskforce.org/conference/conferencewebsite ***
eLearning Africa 2013

29th to 31st May, 2013 Safari Conference Centre, Windhoek, Namibia New technologies combined with a pioneering spirit to improve lives are already changing the way we learn, work, and play. How are African youth shaping their identities and navigating different learning spaces with these technologies? Are new technologies fundamentally disruptive to tradition or do they open up space for the digitisation of trad ition? How is innovation in Africa shaping the Continent's learning landscape? These are some of the key questions that will guide the conversations at eLearning Africa 2013. For more information see: http://www.elearning-africa.com/
CARTOON
The palaces humble physician is honoured to announce that His Royal Majestys blood has the Highest level of Cholesterol in the whole kingdom
TIPS & TRICKS

Validation of an e-mail address
Whether an e-mail address is valid can be checked without sending a mail to the respective address. Go to: http://centralops.net, click the link Email Dossier and enter the e-mail address in question. You will get one of two possible results: confidence rating: 3 - SMTP The email address passed this level of validation without an error. or confidence rating: 0 - Bad address error: Recipient Rejected - Mail server rejected the email address. ***
Google Roman Numerals

You might know how to write Roman numeralsfor the most part, at least. It is just when the numbers get lengthy that you might get confused. Thankfully, though, Google has you covered. Next time you need to figure out something in Roman numerals, simply head over to Google and type the number, followed by in Roman Numerals. Like here:
Best regards, Dieter Neuvians MD

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Health, Education, Social Protection News &amp; Notes 25/2012

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Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 25/2012

A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit)

Table of Contents: BOOKS ................................................................................ 4

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5

HIV - AIDS - STI ......................................................................................................... 7

Sexual & Reproductive Health .................................................................................. 11

Maternal & Child Health............................................................................................ 12 HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 1

Other Infectious Diseases......................................................................................... 17

Non-communicable Diseases ................................................................................... 18

Food & Nutrition........................................................................................................ 19

Essential Medicines .................................................................................................. 19

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene..................................................................................... 22

Health Systems & Research ..................................................................................... 23

HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 2

Information & Communication Technology ............................................................... 25

Harm Reduction & Drug Use .................................................................................... 26

Millennium Development Goals ................................................................................ 27

Development Assistance .......................................................................................... 27

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 29

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 30

CARTOON ......................................................................... 32 TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 33

HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 3

Health Financing in Ghana

Health at a Glance: Europe 2012

Localizing Development: Does Participation Work?

HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 5

The evolution of global health teaching in undergraduate medical curricula

UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2012: Results

Feasibility and acceptability of rapid HIV screening in a labour ward in Togo

HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 8

HIV programming in Church institutions: Challenges & responses

HIV/AIDS Technical Assistance Guidelines

HIV & sex

Sexual & Reproductive Health State of World Population 2012

Further evidence of community education effects on fertility in subSaharan Africa

Costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination to schoolgirls in Mwanza Region, Tanzania

The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)

Impact of pyrethroid resistance on operational malaria control in Malawi

Beer Consumption Increases Human Attractiveness to Malaria Mosquitoes

Tuberculosis Out of the Dark: Meeting the needs of children with TB

HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 15

2012 Report on Tuberculosis Research Funding Trends, 2005-2011

The burden of tuberculosis in crisis-affected populations: a systematic review

HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 16

A rational vaccine pipeline for tuberculosis

Children and Tuberculosis: From Neglect to Action

Technology innovation for infectious diseases in the developing world

HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 18

Essential Medicines International Drug Price Indicator Guide

Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine

DR-TB Drugs Under the Microscope

How to achieve international action on falsified and substandard medicines

Social Protection Oportunidades - the Mexican Conditional Cash Transfer programme

An engineer's guide to latrine slabs

Education The Impact of Economic Crisis on Higher Education

Tobacco Taxes: A Win-Win Measure for Fiscal Space and Health

HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 26

The needy donor: an empirical analysis of Indias aid motives

South-South cooperation in health and pharmaceuticals: emerging trends in India-Brazil collaborations

Others CLIMO - Climate and Mortality

HESP-News & Notes - 25/2012 - page 28

Strengthening Research and Action on Gender-based Violence in Africa

Common constraints and incentive problems in service delivery

Social Expenditure Database (SOCX)

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 25/2012

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 25/2012