SS 114 -Section 1 Autumn 2003-2004 Taimur Rahman taimur@lums.edu.pk Room 239-A Ext.

2302 Category: Social Science Course Description

Pakistan Studies: Culture and Heritage 3 Credits

Pakistan has a rich cultural and civilizational heritage that has constantly evolved over a long period of time. Being at the intersection of cultural and civilizational boundaries, it has received and absorbed influences from diverse sources. Therefore, what constitutes Pakistans heritage today is a colorful blend of local cultures, colonial legacies, traditional social structures and outcome of modern economic and political processes. The central focus of the course will be on Pakistans pluralistic character, rich ethnic and cultural diversities of its society and how they influence its identity, ideology, nationhood, politics, and exercise of power and authority. We will also touch up vital foreign policy concern of Pakistan in the changing world situation. Course Objectives 1. Deepen understanding of the social and political movements that have shaped Pakistan society, its culture and heritage. 2. Introduce students to the contending perspectives on Pakistan, their assumptions and ideological bases. 3. Explore in detail how the dynamics of pluralistic society have shaped civic and political culture. 4. Examine the impact of regional and international environment on Pakistan domestic and foreign policy choices. Grading Class attendance 5% Five quizzes 25% Two thought papers 20% Mid-term test 20% Final Examination 30% Note on reading material: There is no single text book containing material that could address all aspects of Pakistan. As our course is interdisciplinary with primary focus on cultural heritage, society, and issues of identity, ideology and power, we are bound to draw material from various sources. In putting reading material together, we have made

conscious efforts to present all perspectives and points of view in order to familiarize students with a wide variety of ideas. All the material will be available in a reading pack. Since we are offering this course for the first time, we will delete, substitute and add new material as we go along. Reading list (only relevant chapters or articles from journals indicated in modules are required). Anwar Syed, Pakistan: Islam, Politics and National Solidarity (1984). Akbar S. Ahmad, Pakistan Society: Islam, Ethnicity and Leadership in South Asia (1993). Selig S. Harrison, et. al., India and Pakistan: The First Fifty Years (1999). Fred Halliday and Hamza Alavi, State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan (1988). Craig Baxter and Charles Kennedy, eds., Pakistan 1997 (1998). Alan Whates, The State and Civil Society in Pakistan, Contemporary South Asia, Vol. 4, Issue 3, No. 95. Ayesha Jalal, Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia: A Comparative and Historical Perspective (1995). Aziz Ahmad, Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment (1964). Feroz Ahmad, Ethnicity and Politics in Pakistan (1998). Hasan-Askari Rizvi, Military, State and Society in Pakistan (2000). Lawrence Ziring, Pakistan in the Twentieth Century: A Political History (1997). Marvin G. Weinbaum, Civic Culture and Democracy in Pakistan, Asian Survey, Vol. 36, No. 7, July 1996. Muhammad Yusuf Abbasi, Pakistani Culture: A Profile (1992). Rasul Bakhsh Rais, ed., State, Society and Democratic Change in Pakistan (1997). Selig S. Harrison, Paul H. Kreisberg, and Dennis Kux, eds., India and Pakistan: The first fifty years (1999), pp. 170-188. Sgata Bose and Ayesha Jalal, Modern South Asia: History, Culture and Political Economy (1998). Tahir Amin, Ethno-National Movements of Pakistan (1988).

Module I: Inheritance of the Past Introducing Pakistan Studies, Indus valley civilization, Islam and Muslim community in South Asia, politics of identity and nationalism, colonial heritage, conventional and revisionist interpretations. 4 lectures. Required readings: 1. Indus Valley Civilization, chapter 6, Rafi U. Samad, Institutional Key to the Rapid Rise of Indus Civilization, pp. 58-62. 2. Ahmad, Aziz, Epilogue: Modern Separatism, pp. 263-276.

3. Hamza Alavi, chapter 4, Pakistan and Islam: Ethnicity and Ideology in Halliday and Alavi, pp. 65-111 4. Bose and Jalal, chapter 16, Partition of India and the Creation of Pakistan, p. 165189. 5. Jalal, chapter 1, The Colonial Legacy in India and Pakistan, pp. 9-28. 6. Sayeed, chapter 1, Conflicting Views about the Origins of Pakistan, pp. 3-12. Module 2: Culture, Society and Religion Debates about the cultural roots, nature and character of Pakistani civic culture, social heritage, continuity and change, growth and dynamism of civil society, impact on politics and state, role of religion in society, Islam, ideology and politics, Islamic revival and sectarian violence. 4 lectures Required readings: 2 1. Bose and Jalal, chapter 4, Pre-Modern Accommodations of Difference: The Making of Indo-Islamic Cultures, pp. 21-34. 2. Abbasi, chapter 1, The Cultural Heritage, pp. 1-41. 3. Weinbaum, Civic Culture and Democracy in Pakistan, pp. 6394. Whates, The State and Civil Society in Pakistan, pp. 2295. Pasha, Mustapha Kamal, The Hyper-Extended State: Civil Society and Democracy in Rais, ed., pp. 182-201. 6. Ahmad, S. Akbar, chapter 1, Islam, Ethnicity and Leadership in South Asia, pp. 322. 7. Mumtaz Ahmad Chapter 6, Revivalism, Islamization, Sectarianism and Violence in Pakistan, in Baxter and Kennedy, pp. 102-121. Module 3: Ethnic Diversity and Pluralism Understanding ethnic nationalism and its social and political roots, rise, growth and decline of ethnic politics, question of national identity, solidarity and integration. 3 lectures. Required readings: 1. Amin, chapters 1,7 pp. 1-17, 242-257. 2. Ahmad, Feroz, chapters, 4, 5, 8,, 9 and 10. Mid-term Test Module 4: Political Heritage: State, Politics, and Institutional Development State and nation building process, military and politics, quest for constitutionalism and democracy, institutional development or decay. 4 lectures. Required readings: 1. Sayeed, Some Reflections on the Democratic Process, in Rais, ed., pp. 1-21. 2. Ziring Chapters 10, 11, 12, 13, pp. 423-614 3. Rizvi, Introductory chapters 1 Introduction and chapter 2, Civil-Military Interaction, pp. 1-33.

Module 5: Pakistan in the Changing World An overview of Pakistans foreign policy, regional and international environment, relations with India, Afghanistan, Middle Eastern states and the great powers. 4 lectures Required Readings: 1. Thomas Perry Thornton, Pakistan: Fifty years of insecurity, in Selig S. Harrison, Paul H. Kreisberg, and Dennis Kux, eds., India and Pakistan: the first fifty years, pp. 170-188. 2. Hasan-Askari Rizvi, Pakistan and the Post-Cold War Environment, in Craig Baxter and Charles H. Kennedy, eds., Pakistan: 1997, pp. 37-60. Note: More readings will be assigned later.