DESIGN OF RCC ABUTMENT UNDER SLRB

2.300
1.400 0.000
0.900 + 338.715
W
1
0.275 + 338.440
0.300 W
2
A + 338.140
W
3
20.929 W
6
0.000 W
4
2.000 E B 3.200
D C + 317.786
0.600 W
5
+ 316.986
2.300
2.000 7.500
Using M-20 grade concrete, the design parameters to be adopted are the following
o
st
= 200
N/mm
2
o
cbc
= 6.67
N/mm
2
m = 13.993
k = 0.318
j = 0.894
Q = 0.948
DIMENSIONS OF THE BASE:-
Length of the toe = 2.000 m
Length of the heel = 2.000 m
Thickness at the top = 1.4 m
Thickness of the bed block = 0.9 m
Thickness at the bottom = 2.3 m
Height of the stem = 20.929 m
Thickness of the base slab = 2 m
Height of the wall H = 15.329 m
Unit weight of soil considered = 21 KN/m
3
Unit weight of concrete considered = 25 KN/m
3
Angle of internal friction = 32
B
force F
force
R
reaction
Value of K
a
= 0.307
Value of Kp = 3.257
Reaction coming on to the abutment = 35.069 KN
Breaking force = 0 KN
Frictional force = 0 KN
Safe bearing capacity of the
soil considered = 600 KN/m
2
Coefficint of friction between
soil and concrete = 0.6
Clear cover provided = 0.075 m
804 Main reinfortcement provided(Toe) = 32 mm
804 Main reinfortcement provided(Heel) = 32 mm
201 Distribution steel provided(Heel) = 16 mm
201 Distribution steel provided (stem) = 16 mm
804 Main reinfortcement provided (stem) = 32 mm
0 Consider a live load surcharge of = 0 m
DESIGN
Minimum depth of foundation
Ka =
Ka = 0.307
d = 600 / 21 x 0.307
= 2.693 m
However provide d = 2.25 m below ground level
The ratio of the length of the toe slab to the base width b is given by
o =
Where
H = Height of the wall including thickness of the base
o = 1 - 600 / ( 2.2 x 21 x 22.929)
= 0.153
Width of the base
b =
= 0.95x15.329x(0.307/(1-0.153)x(1+3x 0.153))^0.5
2
0
sin 1
sin 1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

=
|
|

q
d
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

|
|
sin 1
sin 1
H
q

2 . 2
1
0
( ) ( )
2
3 1 1
95 . 0
o o +

a
K
H
= 7.258 m
The base width with respect to sliding
b =
= 0.7 x 15.329 x 0.307
( 1 - 0.153) x 0.6
= 6.482 m
Provide b = 0.6H
b = 9.197 m
Provide 7.500 m
Width of toe slab = o x b
= 1.148 m
Provide 2.000 m
Thickness of the base slab
= H / 12
= 1.277 m
Provide 2 m
Thickness of the stem
Height H
1
= 15.329 m
Considering 1m length of the retaining wall
Max bending moment at B
= K
a
H
1
3
/6 + K
a
wH
1
2
/2
= 3870.329 Kn-m
Effective depth required = 2020.551 mm
Effective depth provided = 2209 mm
HENCE SAFE
( ) o

1
7 . 0
a
K H
Stability of wall
S.NO Designation MagnitudeLever arm
Moment
about toe
1 W
1
9.625 3.6
34.65
2 W
2
6.75 2.45
16.538
3 W
3
1170.36 3.15 3686.62
4 W
4
0 2 0
5 W
5
375 3.75 1406.25
6 W
6
1406.43 5.9 8297.93
7 W
7
0 5.9 0
8 R
REACTION
35.069 2.45 85.919
9 B
Force
0 21.454 0
10 F
Force
0 21.454 0
Total 3003.23 KN 13527.9 KN - m
Total resisting moment
M
r
= 13527.906 KN - m
Earth pressure
P = 757.452 KN
Check for over turning
Over turning moment = 3870.327 KN - m
Factor of safety against over turining moment = 3.495 > 2
SAFE
Check for sliding
Factor of safety against sliding = 2.379 > 1.5
SAFE
As the section fails against sliding provide a shear key
0
0
3.2 x 0 x 21
35.069
3.2 x 20.929 x 21
1 x 2.3 x 20.354 x 25
0.5 x 0 x 20.354 x 25
Force
1.4 x 0.275 x 25
0.9 x 0.3 x 25
2 x 7.5 x 25
Pressure distribution
Net moment
EM = 9657.579 KN - m
Lever arm from toe = 3.216 m
Eccentricity e = 0.534 m
e
max
= 1.250 m
Pressure P
1
at toe P
1
= 571.49
KN/m
2
Pressure P
2
at heel P
2
= 229.37
KN/m
2
Pressure P at the junction of the stem with toe slab
= 480.26 KN/m
2
Pressure P' at the junction of the stem with heel slab
= 425.52 KN/m
2
Design of toe slab 1.4
0.9
A
2.300
2.000 B 3.200
D C
0.400
7.500
2.000
229.37
571.49
480.26 425.52
The weight of the soil above toe slab is neglected
The forces acting on it are
(i) Up ward soil pressure
(ii) Down ward weight of slab
Down ward weight of slab per unit area = 50 KN / m
2
Net pressure intensity under D = 521.49 KN / m
2
Net pressure intensity under E = 430.26 KN / m
2
Total force = shear force at E = 951.754 KN
x from E = 1.032 m
Bending moment at E = 982.21 KN - m
Effective depth required d = 1017.883 mm
Effective depth provided = 1909 mm
HENCE SAFE
Area of steel A
st
= 2877.603
mm
2
This reinforcement is provided at the bottom face with a spacing of.
= 275 mm c/c
= 2923.055 mm
2
HENCE SAFE
32mm dia bars at a spacing of 275mm C/C
Distribution steel = 0.15% of area
= 2250 mm
2
Provide 16mm dia bars at a spacing of = 85 mm c/c
Design of heel slab
The forces that are acting on it are
(i) Down ward weight of soil
(ii) Down ward weight of heel slab
(iii) Up ward soil pressure
(i) Down ward weight of soil = 1406.429 KN
Acting at = 1.6 m from B
(ii) Down ward weight of heel slab = 160 KN
Acting at = 1.6 m from B
(iii) Up ward soil pressure = 1047.819 KN
Acting at = 1.44 m from B
Total force = Shear force at B = 518.61 KN
Bending moment at B = 997.427 KN - m
Effective depth required d = 1025.738 mm
Effective depth provided = 1909 mm
HENCE SAFE
Area of steel A
st
= 2922.185
mm
2
Required 32mm dia bars at a spacing of = 275 mm C/C
Provided 32mm dia bars at a spacing of = 95 mm C/C
Area of steel provided = 8461.474 mm
2
HENCE SAFE
Distribution steel = 0.15% of area
= 2250 mm
2
provide 16mm dia bars at a spacing of = 85 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 2364.235 mm
2
Nominal Shear stress = 0.259 N/mm
2
Percentage of steel provided = 0.423 %
Permissible Shear stress = 0.2754 N/mm
2
SAFE
Design of stem
Max bending moment = K
a
H
1
3
/6
= 3870.329 KN - m
Effective depth required d = 2020.551 mm
Effective depth provided = 2209 mm
Area of steel A
st
= 9799.065
mm
2
Required 32mm dia bars at a spacing of = 80 mm C/C
Provided 32mm dia bars at a spacing of = 50 mm C/C
Area of steel provided = 16076.8 mm
2
HENCE SAFE
Curtailment of reinforcement in the stem
(I)
Considering a section at depth h below the top of the stem,
The effective depth at top of stem = 2209 mm
The effective depth d' at that section = 2209 + ( ( 2209 - 2209 ) / 15.329 ) x h
= 2209 + 0 x h
Hence h / H
1
=
A
st
1
= Reinforcement at depth h
d
1
= Efective depth at depth h
A
st
= Reinforcement at depth H
1
d = Effective depth at depth H
1
If A
st
1
= 1/2 A
st
A
st
1
1
A
st
2
Therefore h
H
1
d
H
A
st
3
o
( )3
1
d A H
st
=
3
1
1 1
|
|
.
|

\
|

d A
d A
st
st
=
3
1
1
2
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
d
d
Substituting the values of d, d
1
and H
1
h = 15.329 x[ ( 2209 + 0 x h) / ( 2 x 2209)] ^(1/3)
12.2 h = 12.167
50% of the reinforcement is to be curtailed at a height of
= 15.329 - 12.167 + 12 x 0.032
= 3.462 m from the base of the stem
(II)
A
st
1
1
A
st
4
Therefore h
H
1
Substituting the values of d, d
1
and H
1
h = 15.329 x[(2209 + 0 x h)/(4x2209)]^(1/3)
9.66 h = 9.657
50% of the remaining reinforcement is futher curtailed at a height of
= 15.329 - 9.657 + 12 x 0.032
6.056 m from the base of the stem
The remaining reinforcement is to be continued to the top
Check for shear
Shear force p = K
a
H
2
/2
= 757.452 KN
Nominal shear stress = 0.343 N/mm
2
Percentage of steel provided = 0.728 %
Permissible shear stress = 0.3456 N/mm
2
HENCE SAFE
Distribution and temperature reinforcement
Average thickness of the stem = 2.3 m
Distribution reinforcement = 0.15 % of area
= 3450 mm
2
Provide 16 mm at a spacing of = 55 mm C/C
=
3
1
1
4
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
d
d
2.300
32mm at 200mm C/C
32mm at 100mm C/C
32mm at 50mm C/C
16mm at 85mm C/C
15.329 16mm at 55mm C/C
20.929
6.056
16mm at 85mm C/C
3.462
32 mm AT 95mm C/C 32 mm AT 95mm C/C
2.000 16mm at 85mm C/C
32mm at 50mm C/C
REINFORCEMENT AT THE INNER FACE OF THE STEM
0.600 0.600
2.000 16mm at 85mm C/C
32mm dia bars at a spacing of 275mm C/C 3.200
7.500
SECTION OF WALL WITH RCC DETAILS
c
V
Design of shear key
The wall is unsafe in sliding, and hence shear key will have to be provided
below the stem
Let the depth of the key = a
Intensity of pressure Pp developed in front of the key depends up on the soil
Pressure p in the front of the key.
p
p
= K
p
x p
= 1564.207 KN/m2
P
p
= p
p
x a
= 1564.207 x a
Sliding force at level D
1
C
1
= 0.307 x 21 / 2 x ( 15.329 + a )^2
Weight of soil between bottom of base and D
1
C
1
= 2 x a x 21
42 x a
EW = 3003.228 + 42 x a
For equilibrium of wall, permitting factor of safety as 1.5 against sliding.
1.5 =
4.835 a
2
-1441.168 a + -665.758 = 0
a = 298.531 mm
Provide = 100 mm
Width of the key = 1000 mm
a
1
= a x tan
= a x tan(45+/2)
= aKp
= 0.18 m
Actual available length of the slab
= 2 m
Hence safe
0.6 x ( 3003.228 + 42 x a ) + 1564.207 x a
0.307 x 21 / 2 x ( 15.329 + a )^2
H
p
P
P W

+
=
u
5 . 1
Size of the key = 100 x 1000 mm
P
H
= 0.307 x 21 / 2 x ( 15.329 + a )^2
= 767.367 KN
P
p
= 1564.207 x a
= 156.421 KN
EW = 3003.228 + 42 x a
= 3007.428 KN
Actual force to be resisted by the key at a factor of safety of 1.5 is
= 1.5 x PH - m x SW
= -653.4063