International Journal of Computer Engineering Engineering International Journal of Computerand Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976

6 6375(Online) Volume 1, Number 2, Sep - Oct (2010), IAEME and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print)

ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 1 Number 2, Sep - Oct (2010), pp. 166-179

IJCET

IAEME, http://www.iaeme.com/ijcet.html

IAEME

MOBILE SAFETY SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOBILES

Jagannath Aghav College of Engineering, Pune E-Mail: jva.comp@coep.ac.in Nikhil Sharma College of Engineering, Pune E-Mail: sharmana09.comp@coep.ac.in

ABSTRACT
The safety systems in automobiles are adopting the state of the art technologies to provide multiple functionalities to end user. There is a significant rise in number of automobiles in last two decades. Also the embedded system now a days have become more complex and intelligent. All automobile manufactures are trying to make their vehicles more and more intelligent using the embedded systems. Thus, driving the digital systems in the vehicles more and more complex. Taking into consideration the available computing power on the vehicle we are proposing safety system based on android operating system along with general purpose radio packet and global positioning system for automobiles. The system comprises of geographical information system, general purpose radio packet and global positioning system services running on android platform in a remote device and in the vehicle. The user will be able to access these services on the remote device; also will be able to communicate with the service running in the vehicle. The different type of service running on the remote device will be mapping the vehicle on the geographical information systems, sending control signals to the vehicle services and getting the status of the vehicle from the vehicle unit.

1 INTRODUCTION
High automobile theft rate is demanding implementation of more secure and reliable onboard services for automobiles. These services are bounded to be very secure, easy to use, easy to maintain and should have fast response time. The implementation of such a service is a great area of concern of the leading automobile manufacturers. System

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proposed here has android operating system running which is secure, easy to use, maintainable and has good response time. The security issue is accomplishes by providing mixed authentication through a password and a finger print recognition. Also, the system will be easy to use as the graphical interface for the security device will be user friendly same as in most of the mobile. The system can be easily maintain as the onboard diagnoses for the safety device as well as the base unit in vehicle will be provided. Also will be having fast response as we will be using the latest microcontroller for both the safety device and the base unit in vehicle. The safety device will be empowered by android operating system and with all the latest technologies such as GPRS, GIS, and finger print recognition system. Android libraries will be used for the interfaces with the peripheral devices. GPRS module in the safety device will be used to receive the data coming from the vehicle; also will be used to send the data over cellular network to the base unit in the vehicle. GIS will be used to show the GPS data coming from the base unit on the maps. Finger print recognition system is used to give the additional security. The base unit will be empowered by the technologies such as, GPRS, GPS, Sensors, and Actuators. GPRS will be used to receive the GPRS packets coming from the safety device and also will be used to send the status data and the GPS location data to the safety device. GPS will be used to get the current location data from the GPS satellites. Sensors are will used to get the running status of the engine, brakes, fuel level, doors, and windows. Actuators are the devices that will bring the digital control data coming from the safety device into reality. Actuators which will be used to switch off the engine, apply auto brakes, close the windows and lock the doors. To use the safety device user will we asked for a password and a finger print input. If user passes this authentication process he will be given the access. Using this safety device user will be able to monitor the location of the vehicle, get the current status of the vehicle and also control the vehicle. Depending upon the signal selected by user corresponding packet will be formed and send to the base unit over GPRS channel. The base unit will accept the packet and depending upon the request will take corresponding action. If the user wants to know the current location of the vehicle, the base unit will get the location data first from the GPS satellite, pack it in GPRS packet and send it to the 167

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 1, Number 2, Sep - Oct (2010), IAEME

safety device. For status packet the system will gather the current state of the engine, brakes, doors, windows and fuel tank from the sensors and will send the information back to the safety device. In case of control packet, the base unit will take corresponding action according to the request. If the user requests to stop the vehicle, the base unit will instruct the brake actuator to apply auto brakes to the vehicle. If the user wants to switch off the engine, the base unit will instruct the engine actuator to cut-off the fuel supply by closing throttle valve and also to disconnect the spark plug from electric supply resulting in switching off the engine. If the user wants to close the doors and lock the windows the base unit will send control signals to corresponding actuators to perform the requested task. Section 2 presents a quick overview of the proposed system. Section 3 illustrates the details of Safety device and its functions. Section 4 gives a detailed description of functionalities of the base unit in the automobile. Section 5 presents a detail algorithm of the proposed technique. Section 6 gives a snapshot of the Java code for our algorithm. Section 6.2 shows a detail code for each module. Section 7 presents the conclusions of this paper.

2 OVERVIEW OF SAFETY SYSTEM DESIGN

Safety system is broadly divided into two sections: Safety device and Automobile base device. The Safety device is like a safety control which is capable of monitoring and controlling the automobile remotely. It is powered by technologies such as Android operating system, GPRS, GIS and finger print recognition system. The main functions of the safety device are authentication of the user, sending control Section 4.2, status Section 4.1and location request packets to the automobile unit. These packets will be send on the GPRS network. The location request packet will be responded by the automobile unit as a location response packet. This packet will contain location coordinates that will be directly mapped on the GIS maps using Android build in GIS support. The Automobile will be responding to the packets coming from the Safety device.

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Figure 1 System Layout

3 SAFETY DEVICES
The safety device will be capable of monitoring and controlling the automobile remotely with Android operating system running on it. We have chosen Android operating system because its open source and it has a wide software support for all the technologies available in the market. Each of the hardware interfaced with the device will be registered as a service on the Android system. These services will communicate with the automobile unit on behalf of the user. Due to the large supported libraries provided by Android the implementation can be made more effective and easy. For the communication with the automobile base unit we have chosen GPRS, because GPRS makes efficient use radio spectrum to combine mobile access with the internet protocol. GPRS provides high data rates. Using GPRS we will be able to send and receive the control data with high speed as, GPRS provides high bandwidth. Also, we can use GPRS used to get the location of the vehicle based on the cell triangulation technique whenever GPS is not working. The safety device will be mapping the automobile on GIS maps based on the location co-ordinates coming from the automobile base unit. As Android has a build in support for the GIS maps the mapping will not be problem. We have defined three packet formats depending upon the type of request that the safety device can make those are, control packet, status packet and location request packet. The control packet will ask the automobile unit 4 to perform control actions such as switching off the engine, applying auto brakes, closing the windows and locking the doors. The status packet will ask the automobile unit to send the current status of the 169

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 1, Number 2, Sep - Oct (2010), IAEME

automobile parts such as, engine, fuel level, windows and doors. The location request packet will ask for the current location of the automobile.

Figure 2 Safety device block diagram

4 AUTOMOBILE BASE UNIT

The automobile base unit will get the control or status request packet from the safety device and the microcontroller running in the base unit will respond to these requests in corresponding form. The technologies that the base unit will be using is GPS receiver, GPRS transmitter and receiver, microcontroller, sensors and actuators.

4.1 Status packet response

The status request coming from the safety device will be asking for the status of the automobile parts such as, engine, fuel level, doors and windows. On arrival of the status packet the microcontroller will communicate with the sensor present on the engine, fuel tank, doors and windows and gets the current value the sensors are holding. Once the microcontroller gets the value of the sensors it will preprocess the value and pack it into a status response packet and send it back to the safety device.

4.2 Control Packet response

If the user wants to control the vehicle a control packet will be send to the vehicle asking the base unit to perform certain actions. Depending upon the actions listed in the

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control packet the microcontroller will ask the following actuators to perform the corresponding action. The control packet can have actions like, switch-off the engine, apply brakes, lock the doors and close the windows or a combination of all. If the control action is switching off the engine the microcontroller will issue a close command to the actuator placed on the engine. The engine can be switched off by closing the throttle valve. If the control request is of applying brakes the microcontroller will ask the actuator placed on the brakes to apply the brake automatically. Simultaneously the doors and the windows can be locked and closed respectively using the actuators.

4.3 Location request packet

In case of location request packet the microcontroller will get location parameters and send them back to the safety device. The microcontroller will get the current location from the GPS receiver or if the GPS receiver is not working the microcontroller will calculate the location using the GPRS cell triangulation method. Once the microcontroller gets the location parameters it will send the location to the safety device using the GPRS network.

5 ALGORITHM
A detailed algorithm is given below: 1: Display Login Page and Get the Personal Identification Number (PIN) 2: Match the PIN submitted by the user and the stored PIN 3: if the PIN matches then 4: continue, 5: else 6: Display "Incorrect PIN" and goto end 7: end if 8: Ask the user to input the finger prints and match with stored finger prints 9: if Finger print matches then 10: continue 11: else 12: Display "Finger print Note matched" and goto end 13: end if

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14: Display menu 1: Watch vehicle on map 2: Get current status 3: Control the vehicle 4: Exit 15: if choice = 1 then 16: goto 26 17: else if choice = 2 then 18: goto 31 19: else if choice = 3 then 20: goto 35 21: else if choice = 4 then 22: goto end 23: else 24: display "Enter correct choice" and goto step 14 25: end if 26: Initialize the GPRS transmitter and ask for GPS co-ordinates. 27: Get the GPS co-ordinates from the GPRS receiver. 28: Initialize the GIS map and Map the GPS co-ordinates on the GIS MAP. 29: Display the GIS map to the user 30: If user stop the view goto step 14 31: Initialize the GPRS transmitter 32: Send a signal to In Vehicle unit to send the current status of each sensor. 33: Get the data from the GPRS receiver Display the data in graphical format to the user 34: If user stop the display goto step 6, else goto step 14 for every 0.5 seconds 35: Initialize the GPRS transmitter. Send a packet to the in- vehicle unit indicating the following packet will be a control signal packet 36: Display "What u want to do?" : 1: Switch off the engine 2: Lock the Doors 3: Close the windows 172

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 1, Number 2, Sep - Oct (2010), IAEME

4: Send a message 5: Exit 37: If 1 Make Engine off = true" in control packet 38: If 2 Make Lock Doors = true" in control packet 39: If 3 Make Close Window = true" in control packet 40: If 4 Display Type the message" and get message in msg and send msg as a text message to In vehicle base unit 41: If 5 goto step 43 42: Default Display "Enter correct choice goto step 36 43: Stop the process

6 JAVA PROGRAM
A detailed implementation of the proposed technique is given below,

6.1 Main Program

The function following will display the menu for the user and also get the desired action that the user wants to perform. public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Menu mn = new Menu(); mn.displayClientMenu(); int ch = mn.getChoice(); switch(ch) { case 1: System.out.println("Show status"); showStatus(); break; case 2: System.out.println("Control vehicle");

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sendControl(); break; case 3: System.out.print("U have choice to exit"); exit(); } } Following function is a code snapshot of sending the control packet over GPRS network. private static void sendControl() { GprsReceiver gp = new GprsReceiver(); gp.setPacket("control"); gp.setGprsID(123); gp.sendPacketControl(gp.createPacketControl()); } This code snapshot will display the status of the automobile parts. private static void showStatus() { GprsReceiver gp = new GprsReceiver(); gp.setPacket("status"); gp.setGprsID(123); gp.requestPacketStatus(); gp.sendPacket(); gp.receivePacketStatus(); gp.DisplayPacketStatus(); } private static void exit() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented"); } 174

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 1, Number 2, Sep - Oct (2010), IAEME

6.2 Detail of each module

The code given below is a prototype of detail functionalities of each module used in the system Following code is a prototype of the GPRS receiver module public class GprsReceiver { private int GprsID; private String Packet; public int getGprsID() { return GprsID; } public void setGprsID(int GprsID) { this.GprsID = GprsID; } public String getPacket() { return Packet; } public void setPacket(String Packet) { this.Packet = Packet; } Following code is a prototype of GPRS control packet creating module ControlPacket createPacketControl() { String side = "Road Side"; ControlPacket cp = new ControlPacket();

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StatusPacket sp = new StatusPacket(); sp.getCarPosition(); sp.isBracksStaus(); sp.isDoorStatus(); sp.isEngineStatus(); sp.isWindowStatus(); System.out.print("Current status of vehicle is"); System.out.print("sp.getCarPosition()"+"sp.isBracksStaus()"+"sp.isDoorSt atus()"+"sp.isEngineStatus()"+ "sp.isWindowStatus()"); System.out.print("What u want to do"); int ch =0; while(ch != 5) { System.out.print(1: Switch engine off 2: Lock Doors 3:Close windows 4:Apply Brakes 5:Exit); set(ch); switch(ch) { case 1: cp.setWindowStatus(false); break; case 2: cp.setDoorStatus(false); break; case 3: cp.setCarPosition(side); break; case 4: cp.setBracksStaus(false); break; } 176

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976 6367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 1, Number 2, Sep - Oct (2010), IAEME

} return cp; } void receivePacket() { Receiver Packet from GPRS receiver } void DisplayPacket() { Display the received packet } private void sendPacketControl(ControlPacket cp) Sends the GPRS control packet over the GPRS tramitter } void requestPacketStatus() { Request for a Status packet to the in Vehicle Base Unit } void receivePacketStatus() { Receives a Status packet from the In Vehicle Base Unit } void DisplayPacketStatus() { Displays a Status Packet Received from the GPRS receiver } }

7. CONCLUSION
The system we have proposed is secure, reliable, easy to maintain and use. We have integrated the state of the art technologies to fulfill the current requirements of the

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vehicles. After installation of the device, theft rate will be reduced to great extent as the automobile is in continuous monitoring and control. On board diagnosis will help in finding and solving the errors. Adding/Updating functionalities to the automobile will be easy as the underlying Android Operating System has a wide software support. Installing the safety system will result in reduction of the theft rate, improving the diagnoses of the automobile by tracking the current status of the automobile parts.

REFERENCES
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[9] Ming-Chiao Chen, Jiann-Liang Chen b, Teng-Wen Chang Android based vehicular network management system" Science Direct Computer

Communications 2008 [10] William Enck, Patrick McDaniel Understanding Androids Security Framework" October 2008 [11] Chia-Chen Hung, Hope Chan, and Eric Hsiao-KuangWu Mobility Pattern Aware Routing for Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks" IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the WCNC 2008 proceedings

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