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: A microbiologic perspective. JCDA 2003; 69(5). http://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-69/ issue-5/304.htm (Januari 2009) 3. Ribeiro NME, Ribeiro MAS. Breastfeeding and early childhood caries : a critical review. J d Pediat 2004; 80(5): 199-210. 4. Chemiawan E, Riyanti E, Tjahyaningrum SN. Prevalensi nursing mouth caries pada anak usia 15-60 bulan berdasarkan frekuensi penyakit gigi di posyandu desa Cileunyi Wetan Kecamatan Cileunyi Kabupaten Bandung. 2004. http://www.resources.unpad.ac.id/ unpadcontent/uploads/publikasi_dosen/Prevalensi%20Nursing%20Mouth%20Caries%20Pada %20Anak%20Usia2015.pdf (Januari 2009) 5. Sasahara H, Kawamura M, Kawabata K, Iwamoto Y. Relationship between mothers gingival condition and caries experience of their 3-year-old children. IAPD 1998; 8: 261-7. 6. Abidin T. Penyuluhan dan pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada masyarakat desa Ujung Rambung Kecamatan Pantai Cermin Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Pengabdian 2008, FKG USU. (Unpublish) 7. Encyclopedia of Nursing & Allied Health. Dental caries. 2008. http://www.eNotes.com (Januari 2009) 8. Kennel DAJ. Baby bottle tooth decay/early childhood caries. Pediatric Dental Group. 1996. http://www.MyPediatricDentist.com (Januari 2009) 9. Wiwin. Karies gigi. 2008. http://www.karies.htm (Januari 2009)

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10. Koroluk LD, Hoover JN, Komiyama K. Factors related to plaque distribution in a group of Canadian preschool children. IAPD 1994; 4: 167-172. 11. Quartey JB, Williamson DD. Prevalence of early childhood caries at harris county clinics. J Dent Child 1999; 87: 127-131. 12. Yost J, Li Y. Promoting Oral Health From Birth Throught Childhood : Prevention of Early Childhood Caries. 2008. http://www.Nursingcentre.com (April 2009) 13. PDGI Online. Pentingnya kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak. http://www.PDGI.com (Januari 2009) 14. Riyanti E. Pengenalan dan perawatan kesehatan gigi anak sejak dini. 2005.

http://www.resources.unpad.ac.id/unpad-content/uploads/publikasi_dosen/Pengenalan %20dan%20Perawatan%20Kesehatan%20Gigi%20Anak%20Sejak%20Dini.pdf (Januari 2009) 15. Denbesten P, Berkowitz R. Early childhood caries : An overview with reference to our experience in California. JCDA 2003. http:www.cdafoundation.org/library/docs/jour0203 February_E_2003_CDA_127CCF.pdf (Januari 2009) 16. Wikipedia. Karies gigi. 2008. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karies_gigi.htm (Januari 2009) 17. Cameron AC, Widmer RP. Handbook of pediatric dentistry. 2nd ed. New York : Mosby, 2003: 44-5. 18. Panjaitan Monang. Etiologi karies gigi dan penyakit periodontal. Ed 1. Medan : USU PRESS, 1997: 3-6. 19. Rumahku Sorgaku. Perilaku ibu tentukan kesehatan gigi anak. 2008.

http://www.rumahkusorgaku.wordpress.com (Januari 2009)

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20. Msefer S. Importance of early diagnosis of early childhood caries. Scientific. JODQ 2006. http://www.ordredesdentistesduquebec.qc.ca (Januari 2009) 21. Baker JS. Gingivitis. New York. 2008. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/ 001056.htm (Januari 2009) 22. Hamzah SD. Terapi periodontal. Medan : USU PRESS, 2006: 15. 23. McDonald RE, Avery DR, Stookey GK. Dental caries in the child and adolescent. In : McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 8th ed. St.Louis : Mosby, 2004: 210. 24. Dean JA, Hughes CV. Mechanical and chemotherapeutic home oral hygiene. In : McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 8th ed. St.Louis : Mosby, 2004: 252-4. 25. Laporan KKN : Upaya pemberantasan karies gigi sebagai bentuk dukungan terhadap program kesehatan masyarakat desa. 2004. http://www.scribd.com/doc/12911819/ laporan-kkn-upaya-pemberantasan-karies-gigi-sebagai-bentuk-dukungan-terhadapprogram-kesehatan-masyarakat-desa.htm (Juli 2009) 26. Bumbaris M. American academy of pediatric dentistry releases new perinatal and infant oral health didelines. Chicago. 2009. http://www.aapd.org (Juli 2009) 27. Pasareanu M, Rotaru D, Balan A. The mothers role in effecting and supervising the early childhood oro-dental hygiene. J Prev Med 2008; 16(1-2): 116-124. 28. Mustahsen dkk. The relationship caries with oral hygiene status and extra oral risk factor. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2008; 20(1): 103-8.

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29. Pintauli S, Muler T. Hubungan tingkat pendidikan dan skor DMF-T pada ibu-ibu rumah tangga berusia 20-45 tahun di Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan. Dentika Dental J 2004; 9(2): 78-83. 30. Ismail AI, Hasson H, Sohn W. Dental caries in the second millennium. J Dent Educ 2001; 65: 953-9. 31. Rumahku Sorgaku. Tips melatih anak menyikat gigi. 2008. http://www.rumahkusorgaku. wordpress.com (Oktober 2009) 32. Chismirina S, Tjahajani A, Brotosoetarno S. Pembentukan mikrobial biofilm dalam rongga mulut. IJD 2006; 13(1): 55-60. 33. Pintauli S, Hamada T. Menuju gigi dan mulut sehat: pencegahan dan pemeliharaan. Medan: USU PRESS, 2008: 8. 34. Setiawati F, Djoharnas H, Darwita RR. Relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries (ECC) severity of children under three years old in DKI Jakarta. Makara, Kesehatan 2008; 12(2): 87-92. 35. Angela A. Peran berbagai faktor risiko karies terhadap kejadian karies pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Tesis. Jakarta : Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Anak FKUI, 2008 : 36-45. 36. Anitasari S, Rahayu NS. Hubungan frekuensi menyikat gigi dengan tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulut siswa sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Palaran Kotamadya Samarinda Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi 2005; 38(2): 88-90. 37. Axelsson. Risk prediction and preventive dentistry. Chicago : Quitessence books, 1999: 1.

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