Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Maslow´s motivational theory
(Assumption about human beings = self-actualization)
High
Self-actualization
Intensity of needs
Growth
needs
Self-esteem
Affiliation
Safety Physiological
needs
Physiological
Low
Physiological growth
(Hypothesis of the relative intensity of needs)
- The central point is that the more basic needs have to be more or less fulfilled
before high-level needs will be activated and influence behaviour.
Alderfer's ERG-theory
(Assumption about human beings = self-actualization)
High
Intensity of needs
Growth
Relatedness
Existence
Low
Time
(Assumption about human beings = self-actualization)
May at first seem like a simplification of the Maslow model of needs. But in
contradiction to the Maslow model, Alderfer´s is based on the assumption
that the relative intensity of the three forces or needs that control behaviour
can vary from one point in time to another. In other words, Alderfer rejects
the hypothesis of a hierarchical order of needs.
2
McClelland's Achievement-theory
Person A Person A
Power
Affiliation
Affiliation Power
Achievement
Training/development
Achievement
t0 t1
1. Hygiene/motivational factors:
Satisfaction dimension:
dissatisfied Not dissatisfied
2. Motivational factors:
Satisfaction dimension:
Not satisfied Satisfied/motivated
3
’Content’ theories – a comparison
Self-actualization Achiecement
needs needs
Growth Motivational
needs factors
Self-esteem Power needs
needs
Social Relatednees
Affiliation
needs needs
needs
Safety Hygiene
needs factors
Existence
needs
Physiological
needs
Knowledge of Lower
Feedback absense and
actual activities
turnover
Jobs that have the five characteristics will have a high motivational potential. A
person´s qualifications, growth needs and general job satisfaction will modify the
result.
4
The relative importance of the five job dimensions
in the course of a career
Importance
Hygiene
Feed-back factors
Positive All five dimensions
Purpose
Influence on
satisfaction
Autonomy Variation
Negative
10
5
More recent studies - Peter Warr’s ‘Vitamin’-model
11
High
CE
’Mentanl health’
AD
Low
12
6
More recent study - Karasek & Theorel’s
Demand-control Model
Development line
High
Low
Low Demands of job High
Strain line
13
Conclusion
14