Muscle Origin
Trapezius Medial Third of the superior
nuchal line
(C-7 to T-12)
Latissimus dorsi Indirect attachment through
lumbodoral fascia into spinous groove of humerus
process of lower 6 thoratic and
lumber vertebrae, lower 3 to 4
ribs, & iliac crest
Rhomboid major T-2 to T-5
Levator scapulae Transverse process
C-1 to C-4
Deltoid Lateral third of calvical;
lateral border of acromion
process of scapula
Teres major Lower 3rd of posterior surface
of lateral border of scapula
Teres minor Upper 2/3rd of dorsal surface
of axillar border of scapula
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of the
scapula
Subscapularis subscapular fossa of scapula
Serratus anterior Outer surfaces and superior
borders of the first 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion
Lateral third of calvicle, acromion spinoaccessory (C11) Stablilzes, raises, retracts
process and spine of scapula
Floor of intertubercular
Medial border of scapula
between spine and inferior
angle
Vertebral border of the
scapula between the
superior angle and the spine
Deltoid tuberosity of the
humerus
medial lip of bicipital groove of
humerus
capsule of shoulder joint &
inferior part of greater tubercle of
humerus
superior part of greater tubercle of C5,C6
humerus & capsule of shouder
joint
lesser tubercle of humerus &
ventral part of capsule of shoulder
joint
Anterior surface of
the medial border
of the scapula
Innervation Action
& rotates the scapula
Thoracodorsal nerve Extends, adducts, and
(C6-C8) medially rotates the arm;
draws shoulder downwards
and backwards
Dorsal scapular Adducts, retracts, elevates
nerve C5 & roates the scapula
C3-C4 Raises scapula & draws it
medially; bends neck
laterally & rotates it
C5, C6 Flexion and medial rotation
of arm, abducts arm,
extends and laterally rotates
arm
C6,C7 Medially rotates and adducts arm
C5 laterally rotates arm & draws
humerus toward glenoid cavity
abducts arm & stabalizes humeral
head in glenoid cavity during
movements of shoulder joint
C5,C6 medially rotates & stablizes head of
humerus in glenoid cavity
Long thoracic nerve Abducts and protracts the
C5-C7 scapula, holds the scapula
against the thorax
Serratus posterior Spinous process of the last 2 inferior borders & outer surfaces S9-S12 Depresses last four ribs
inferior thoracic and top 3 lumbar of lower 4 ribs
vertebrae
Splenius capitis
Iliocostalis posterior part of iliac crest, angles of ribs; transverse Cervical, thoracis, & Extends neck and vertebral
posterior sacrum, & lumbar processes of cervical vertebrae lumbar spinal nerves column; maintains posture
spinous processes

Longissimus tendon from posterior part of mastoid process of temporal bone Cervical & thoracic Extends neck and vertebral
iliac crest, posterior sacrum, & transverse process of cervical spinal nerves column & rotates head; maintains
& lumbar sipinous processes and thoracic vertebrae posture

Spinalis Lumbar spinous processes Spinous process of axis & Cervical & thoracic Extends neck and vertebral column;
(thorassic part) and C7 spinous thoracic vertebrae spinal nerves maintains posture
process (cervical part)

Semispinalis Transverse process of C4-T12 Occipital bone & sopinous Cervical & thoracic Bilateral action: extends vertebral
vertebrae processes of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves column/neck
vertebrae Unilateral action: Laterally flexes
vertebral column/neck

Multifidus Scarum and transverse Spinous processes of vertebrae Cervical, thoracic, and extends vertebral column; rotates
processes of each vertebra located 2-4 segments superior to lumbar spinal nerves vertebral column towards opposite
origin side

Rotatores Transverse processes of each Spinous process of immediately Cervical, thoracic, and extends vertebral column; rotates
vertebra superior vertebra lumbar spinal nerves vertebral column towards opposite
side
Oblique capitis
superior

Rectus capitis
posterior major
Gluteus maximus

Piriformis

Gluteus medius