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SAs OWN GARDENING AND LANDSCAPING MAGAZINE
SUMMER 2011
GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING

Summer
Leafy salads to grow now
Petunias that perform Collecting chillies Watering raised beds
South Australian
Get set for
Jon Lamb
Edited by
Official journal of the Nursery & Garden Industry and the Landscape Association of SA
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GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING

Edition number 4
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South Australian
SUMMER 2011
FEATURES

Published by Jon Lamb Communications Pty Ltd, (JLC) 31 King St, Norwood, SA 5067 Official journal of Nursery & Garden Industry of SA Inc Landscape Association of SA Inc Editor Jon Lamb (08) 8362 5417 jlcom@chariot.net.au Publishing, sub-editing, layout Steve Swann (08) 8365 0596 steveswann@internode.on.net ADVERTISING HWR Media & Communications 109b Conyngham Street, Frewville, SA 5063 (08) 8379 9522 Fax (08) 8379 9735 www.hwrmedia.com.au sales@hwrmedia.com.au DISTRIBUTION Passing Out Distribution 0416 295 755 Landscape Association of SA (LASA) Adelaide Showground, Goodwood Rd, Wayville. PO Box 108, Goodwood SA 5034 Secretariat: Rob Martin (08) 8210 5229 www.landscapesa.com.au Nursery & Garden Industry of SA (NGISA) 505 Fullarton Rd, Netherby, SA 5062 CEO: Geoffrey Fuller (08) 8372 6822 www.ngisa.com.au Disclaimer Although all reasonable care is taken in preparing information contained in this publication, neither Jon Lamb Communications (JLC), NGISA or LASA, nor their officers, staff or suppliers involved in the editing and production of this magazine accept any liability resulting from the interpretation or use of the information set out in this document. Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the publishers or editor. No responsibility is accepted by JLC, NGISA or LASA for the accuracy of information contained in advertisements in SA Garden & Outdoor Living. Publication of an advertisement does not constitute endorsement by NGISA, LASA or JLC of any product or service, or warrant its suitability.
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Have you seen Big Red? New compact hybrid geraniums P etunias that perform Performance more important than price Selecting the best How to match plants to your conditions
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REGULAR COLUMNS 22 28
T he cutting edge Trevor Nottle monitors the latest garden issues T aste the seasons Chef Kane Pollard makes the most of summer
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B BQ herbs made easy Handy herbs to grow next to your barbecue F resh salads at your fingertips Gourmet lettuce and salad leaf combinations A garden fit for a fig Our long hot summers suit the fig
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GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / SUMMER 2011 3
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Have you seen Big Red?

o, you want a tough, easy care plant that will say look at me nearly all the year round. How about Big Red, one of the latest, compact hybrid geraniums? Reported to be the first true deep red, its colour is intense while individual blooms are best described as huge. Like many of the new hybrid geraniums, Big Red covers itself with blooms that are held high on long stems well above the leaves. These are dark green, producing a strong contrast with the flowers. Big Red produces vigorous semi-trailing growth (40 x 60 cm), making it ideal for growing in a hanging basket or planter box. In a container, it produces a mounded canopy. Like most geraniums, it has excellent tolerance to both heat and drought. Geraniums are sun lovers and grow best out of the wind. They also need protection from winter frosts. However, plants grown in containers can be moved around the garden to achieve the best display. Once a year, usually late in summer, the bushes should be cut back quite hard to encourage strong, new, vigorous growth. Plants growing in small containers should be repotted in autumn or spring, using a quality potting mix enriched with the recommended amount of slow release fertiliser. TIP Big Red geranium is an ideal plant for people living in townhouses or where space is limited, but it can be grown almost anywhere, so long as it is in plenty of sun. Big Red and other hybrid geraniums will be featured at most garden centres over summer.
All good gardeners deserve at least one Big Red geranium for Christmas.
Good gardening
Long lasting summer colour
ave you noticed how long the flowers last on plants that bloom during summer and autumn? High on the priority list has to be the bright red and soft pink mandevillas. Large trumpet-shaped flowers appear late in spring and given plenty of light (morning sun and afternoon shade during summer), they will flower continuously through the summer and autumn months. Mandevillas resent cold wet feet and are best grown in a raised bed or even better, suspended in a hanging basket. Make sure the topsoil dries out completely before resoaking the plants root zone. Use a six-month slow release fertiliser in spring but an additional monthly liquid fertiliser with a high potash content can produce wonders. Remember to trim 20
Mandavilla Crimson Fantasy
to 30 percent of the canopy once the main flush of flowers fades late in autumn or early winter. Frangipanis are another good
example as they are real heat lovers and are often seen at their best when planted close to the western side of a house or brick wall. This way the heat accumulated during the day can be radiated back to the plants at night. In some seasons, it may be Christmas before they start flowering but the blooms will persist for three or four months. The white and pink forms (Plumeria rubra var. acutifolia) are the hardiest and flower more readily than the very attractive pink and red forms. Frangipani averages 3-4 metres in height, needs well drained soil and is quite sensitive to frost. On the other hand, the large thick pointed leaves have good tolerance to salt laden winds. The flowers are highly scented and quite waxy.
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More to petunias than price

hy pay $10.95 for a single petunia when you can buy a 10 pack of plants for the same price? The answer lies in a single word performance. While chain store operators are focused on providing plants at the lowest possible price, a growing number of plant breeding companies believe many gardeners consider performance more important than price. These gardeners are prepared to pay a premium when the difference in the plants performance is significant. Traditional petunias Traditional petunia favourites such as Bobby Dazzler, Colour Parade and Bonanza are grown from seed. Many of these have been on the market for a decade or more, although most (but not all) have been significantly improved by cross breeding. This has resulted in more robust, compact plants with reasonable disease resistance in an excellent range of colours. These are the plants generally sold as seedlings in punnets, six at a time for around $4.50 or alternatively as advanced plants in a six pack for $7 - $8. Spreading petunias The big breakthrough in petunias arrived almost a decade ago with the introduction
8 GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / SUMMER 2011
of spreading petunias. These plants are high performing hybrids. They are still grown from seed but instead of growing upright, blowing over in the wind, and sometimes being spoilt by heat or rain, they spread over the ground, producing a low thick layer of what is often referred to as a living mulch. Because this seed is very expensive, spreading petunias are generally sold as seedlings with four instead of six seedlings in a punnet for around $4.95. However, in terms of better performance: They spread approximately one metre by one metre with one plant taking the place of four traditional seedlings Produce more flowers over a longer period Do not need cutting back after eight to 10 weeks to keep the plants flowering Because of their heat tolerance and thick canopy, they need far less water. Over the past few years, there has been a
Raspberry Blast (top) and Rhythm and Blues (above).
very significant improvement, particularly in the performance of spreading petunias. In SA garden centres, you will find most spreading petunias are sold under the following labels Avalanche - (United Nurseries) Crazy - (Living Colour) Plush or Ramblin (Falg)
Good gardening
Petunias with wow The latest breakthrough involves petunias that are not grown from seed but start life as cuttings taken from very high performing parent material. These plants can produce spectacular results particularly if you are prepared to provide them with a little extra water and fertiliser. However, breeding plants from cuttings is very expensive and at this stage, the plants are only available singly in medium size (150 mm) containers and generally sell for $11 - $12. So, what do these petunias with wow offer in the way of performance? Long lasting, very vigorous growth with plants beginning to flower early and in particular, remaining in bloom much longer than traditional petunias. Raspberry Blast and Rhythm and Blues released last summer will flower through spring, summer and autumn and if conditions remain warm and dry, both are
capable of carrying over and regenerating in the following spring. Spreading habit. Both produce a low (15-20 cm) spreading canopy (65 cm-1 metre). This makes them an ideal option if you are looking for colour in the landscape or to trail down an embankment wall. They are well suited to container planting or baskets. Like all petunias they require regular watering but once established, grow best with a deep soaking once a week (twice in sandy soils). Because of their vigour, its recommended these plants should be fertilised regularly with a liquid fertiliser containing a relatively high potash level. Both plants thrive in the heat and should not need cutting back to maintain vigour through the growing season. Two varieties have been released recently in SA by Ball Australia and are available in many (but not all) garden centres.
Pink and Blue - thats whats new They include Raspberry Blast vibrant blooms of pink edged with deep cerise violet. Being a prolific bloomer, the 5-6 cm flowers cover the entire plant from early spring right through to the first frosts in winter. The canopy habit is low and spreading with a height of 15 cm and spread of up to one metre. This makes it an ideal option where a blanket of colour is required such as training down an embankment or wall. It is equally well suited for container planting and baskets. Rhythm and Blues described as very eye-catching, producing jazzy blue flowers with a fresh white rim. The canopy is mounded (20-30 cm) and spreading (3050 cm), flowering profusely from spring through summer and well into autumn. Recommended for large baskets and pedestal containers where a spectacular display is required.
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Waterwise gardening
Does the garden need watering?

By JON LAMB
Visit us for real gardening advice from real gardeners
here is a very clear relationship between day temperatures and the amount of water a plant needs. During hot weather, most of the water you apply is used to keep the plants cool (in essence, moisture is taken in through the plants roots and drawn out through its leaves, creating an evaporative cooling effect). The aim must be to ensure there is enough water in the plants root zone to keep your plants transpiring freely. During cool to mild weather, transpiration levels are relatively low. When these conditions prevail, you may not need to water at all, assuming the plants root zone has enough moisture from previous watering. However in heatwave conditions, it is important that you understand the plants water needs. The following table, produced for The Advertisers garden column, is a guide to how often plants in your garden may need watering assuming the garden is well mulched.
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Good gardening
Selecting the very best plants for your garden

Sustainable landscape specialist SHERYN PITMAN explains how you can easily match plants to your gardens conditions.
he world of plants is one of astonishing diversity and we all have our favourites there are so many forms, shapes, habits, textures, colours, flowers and scents from which to choose. Our preferences may be influenced by childhood experiences, travels and adventures, art, science or perhaps special memories. One preference we all tend to share, however, is a thriving garden where plants are healthy and can fulfil their potential, whatever that may be. Selecting plants to suit your environment, including soil and climate, are key decisions for a healthy garden and yet they are not always easy decisions. This is why we have developed the Landscapes Alive Plant Selector and why it is such a useful resource for home gardeners. This is an online tool for selecting plants to suit the particular conditions of every suburb in South Australia. It is the result of several years of research and development looking at landscape and soil types, climate patterns and many other variables. Currently consisting of more than 2,000 species, plants in the database include local indigenous, Australian native and exotic plants that fulfil the two criteria of having low supplementary water requirements once established and being non-invasive in the local area where they are recommended to be planted. Detailed information is provided about each plant including soil and light preferences, size, appearance, attraction for native fauna, tolerances, flammability, common landscaping uses and many other qualities and cautions. All you need to access the Plant Selector is a computer with an internet connection
Natural colour is hard to beat. One of the many native gardens at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.
and a search program. There are no special PC requirements apart from that. The internet address is: www.environment.sa.gov.au/plantselector There are a number of ways to search for plants using the Plant Selector. You can search by choosing your council area either by clicking the Flash map or selecting your council from the drop down box. Alternatively you can select your suburb. Once you have selected your council or suburb, your search will automatically include only the plants suitable for your area. The Plant Selector allows you to filter
your plant list so it includes only plants that meet the specific characteristics in which you are interested. For example if you click Coast in the Landscape field and Blue in the Flower Colour field, the list you receive will only include blue flowering plants that are appropriate to plant near the coast. You can choose any combination you like. You can also limit your selections to plants that are indigenous to your council area, plants that are Australian natives or exotic plants from other parts of the world. The database includes more Australian than exotic plants as they are more often
Good gardening
suited to our conditions, but we have included about 20 percent exotics for each council location. There is also an option to choose cultivars that have no specific geographic origin. Another useful search is the Tolerates field where you can select plants that will tolerate frost, salinity, wind and other special conditions. You can also use the Keyword field with words like butterfly or bird to find bird or butterfly attracting plants. By typing low flammability into the Keyword field you will return plants that are more suited to fire prone areas. Once you are happy with your selections, click the Search button. The plant list that appears may include few or many plants, depending on the criteria you have selected. With your list you can do several things. Each plant has a Details button which takes you to detailed information about the plant. To view images of the plant click on the
A powerful garden adviser at your fingertips.
species and numbers to be available. Development of this resource began in 2006 with assistance from the Local Government Research and Development Scheme, and was completed for the whole of SA in June 2011. The Landscapes Alive Plant Selector receives many thousands of visits every week and is proving to be very popular with home gardeners, local governments and landscape designers alike. We hope you enjoy! www.environment.sa.gov.au/plantselector Sheryn Pitman is Sustainable Landscapes Project officer, Botanic Gardens of Adelaide.
The Sustainable Landscapes Project is a collaborative partnership hosted and managed by the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide. The Landscapes Alive Plant Selector has been developed with the assistance of LGR&D Scheme, Land Management Corporation, Adelaide & Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board, SA Water and the Mawson Lakes Economic Development Project.
underlined botanical name and this will link you to Google images. You can also print the plant list or download it into an Excel spreadsheet. While the majority of plants listed are commercially available, you may find some less commonly used species that prove to be more difficult to source. Early communication with plant nurseries and/or growers is strongly encouraged to allow sufficient lead time for preferred
New plants & products
Whats new at your garden centre

The latest new plants and products available from Nursery and Garden Industry SA centres Potunia
Potunias are part of a completely new range of high performing petunias that are grown from cuttings (not seed) to guarantee their quality and performance. Potunias are a compact form of petunia with a round mounding habit. Flowering begins earlier and continues longer than traditional petunias. They have excellent tolerance to heat and adverse weather. Ideal for growing in large pots, hanging baskets or for mass planting. Colours include Deep Purple, Papaya, Blackberry Ice and Cappuccino. Because these are high performing petunias, they are only available in individual 140 mm or 200 mm pots or hanging baskets. www.united-nurseries.com.au
Garden Hose Cart Away

A useful but very attractive portable solution for storing the garden hose where space is at a premium. The Cart Away is on wheels and the handles are retractable. It contains 20 metres of medium density garden hose, hose fittings and stakes to stable the Cart when rewinding. www.popeproducts.com.au
Versailles Metal Arch

Sturdy with pre-weathered rust effect finish in an easy to assemble pack. Traditional styled arch designed to suit a range of garden locations. Side panels included to provide strong support for climbing plants. 2.4 m x 1.2 m. www.brunnings.com.au
Lettuce Mini Ice Cube

An innovative six-pack that contains six advanced mini iceberg lettuce. Each lettuce will develop into a full iceberg style head that is only 10 cm (approx) in diameter. The leaves can be harvested singly after 4-6 weeks or left to mature as a full head. Great for gourmet summer salads. The plants are slow to bolt and adapt well to small containers or raised beds. Plant seedlings 2025 cm apart in a sunny or well-lit shaded area. Water well. Plants respond to balanced fertiliser. www.oasishorticulture.com.au
Butterfly Wallart Hydrangea Endless Summer Twist-n-Shout

Twist-n-Shout is the latest in the very popular Endless Summer series of hydrangeas that feature eye-catching lacecap style flowers that repeat bloom through summer and early autumn. The blooms have a deep pink centre and either pink or blue petals, depending on soil acidity (pink alkaline, blue acid). Plants grow 1.2 m high and wide and adapt well to container growing. www.flemings.com.au
The butterfly is a new addition to a very popular wallart series. The artwork is made from very attractive coloured steel, welded and hand finished to create attractive shapes and designs for wall decoration. www.brunnings.com.au
New plants & products
Party Lantern Solar String Lights

One in a series of easy to assemble solar garden lights. Multi-coloured Chinese style design with 10 individual lights connected by ready-to-hang cable. Cable plugs into long life solar rechargeable batteries. Designed for parties and outdoor dining. Pack contains an additional solar panel bracket allowing the product to be fixed to tree trunk or wall. www.brunnings.com.au
Grow Pots
Mr Fothergill has relaunched its popular ready-to-grow planter pots. The packs contain soil, fertiliser and seeds and are now presented in new colour coordinated pots. The current range includes nine different flowers, vegetables or herb varieties and at $9.95 are good for gift giving. www.mrfothergills.com.au
Marigold Taishan
A new high performing orange and gold marigold blend with strong garden appeal. Thick sturdy stems will allow plants to stand tall (20-30 cm) without stretching or falling over. Plants have a natural branching habit, producing a compact canopy of long lasting vibrant colour. Ideal for bedding or container growing. The blooms hold well and appear over an extended flowering season. www.ballaustralia.com
Mr Fothergills kitchen garden pots

A range of seven popular but easy to grow kitchen herbs and vegetables. The range includes Basil Sweet Globe, Chives, Coriander for Leaf, Parsley Italian, Chilli Jalapeno, Strawberry Temptation and Tomato Florida Basket. The kitchen garden pots are designed to be user friendly in a recyclable container that holds Jiffy soil mix pellets and a sachet of seeds. Add water, sow the seeds and simply place on a sunny windowsill. www.mrfothergills.com.au
Petunia Summer Romance

A new mix of seed grown hybrid petunias featuring large trumpetshaped blooms in a mix of pinks, lilac, mauve blues and soft lemon. The plants grow 30-40 cm high and spread 25-30 cm. www.livingcolourplants.com.au
Christmas in the garden
House plants for Christmas
ouse plants have shape, texture and colour, but they are also alive, introducing an important element when it comes to buying. The key factor to a house plants survival is light. There is a big range of plants that will grow in bright light, such as a room with two or three large windows or a wall of mainly glass. On the other hand, the number of plants that thrive in poor light, such as in front of a medium size window or two small windows, is rather limited. House plants with large, thick, dark glossy leaves are more effective in converting limited light into energy and have the greatest tolerance to low light. Plants suitable for such conditions include the Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum), Chinese Evergreen (Aglaonema), Aralia (Fatsia Japonica), Happy Plant (Dracaena) and Umbrella tree (Schefflera). Plants with variegated leaves have greater appeal and are more useful when it comes to interior decorating. But there is less green in the leaves to react with the light. These plants are best used in brightly lit rooms or placed as close as possible to a window. Those that do well as indoor plants include the variegated Devils Ivy or Pothos (Scindapsus), Arrowhead (Syngonium) and variegated forms of Dracanea and Aglaonema. Flowering plants need direct sun or at least filtered sun during the day if they are to remain flowering and in active growth when they are inside. House plants can be used very effectively in a room to create a focal point the aim is to draw your eye as soon as you enter the room. If a single plant is to be used make sure it is structurally imposing. Look for plants with large, interesting leaves that are carried on strong branches, for example, the Umbrella tree or maybe one of the large
leaved Syngoniums or Philodendrons. An alternative is to use a large weeping specimen, such as a Weeping Fig (Ficus benjemina) or maybe place a mature parlour palm in a large ceramic container. Focal points can also be created by grouping a number of the same plants together. This is a good technique when the house plants are relatively small. It is also effective if the leaves of the plants are relatively small and the branch system compact i.e. Weeping Figs, small leaved Philodendrons or waxy leaved Peperomias. Grouping is also an excellent way to create an effect with flowering plants. Accent plants If you are using accent plants to create a focal point, remove adjacent objects that may compete for attention and if possible, position the plants where they receive natural light. Accent plants can be used just as effectively to draw the eye away from parts of the room that are not so attractive. In most homes, house plants are simply used to soften harsh lines. The best example is to consider the straight line created by a kitchen window sill. Beneath this there is a large horizontal stainless steel sink. Placing a single medium sized house plant or maybe two small plants in suitable containers on the window sill will immediately break the harshness of the straight lines and help draw the eye away from the sink. Medium sized plants with dense foliage and a slightly rounded shape are useful for softening harsh square lines when placed on the floor next to a bench or low cupboard. Placing another plant with weeping or arching foliage on top of the cupboard or bench will compliment the one on the floor and add to the softening effect.
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Recycling
Recycle Right - but beware of recycling myths
ecycling inside the home and outside in your garden has evolved dramatically in the past decade. As a result, what we may have thought can and cant be recycled could now be quite wrong. It raises the question - have you fallen prey to the recycling myths? If so, valuable resources may not be recycled or, just as bad, become a contaminant in your recycling or organics bin Recycling myths can create confusion or misinformation. Zero Waste SA busts five of these myths for you. RECYCLING MYTH 1: The triangular recycling symbol on plastic containers means I can recycle it. The triangle with a number from 1 to 7 is not a recycling symbol but rather a Plastic Identification Code (PIC). So what plastics can be recycled in your council recycling bin? Rigid plastic bottles and containers that hold their own shape, including plastic soft drink and milk bottles and take-away containers. Just make sure they are rinsed and have the lids removed. For more information, Zero Waste SA has a comprehensive guide to plastics displaying the Plastics Identification Code at www.zerowaste.sa.gov.au/at-home/recycleright/what-do-the-numbers-and-symbolson-plastics-mean RECYCLING MYTH 2: It doesnt matter what I put in my recycling bin - it all gets mixed with the garbage bin and ends up in landfill No! Your recyclables and waste do not
get mixed together. Recyclables go to a Materials Recovery Facility to be sorted for reprocessing. In fact 2.76 million tonnes of material were diverted to recycling activities during the 200910 year and every year the amount of recycling diverted from landfill increases. Every day large volumes of recyclables are separated and sent to industry to be reprocessed into new products that reduce our demand for raw materials and water. Did you know?
Recycling 20 aluminium cans uses the same energy as making one new can from raw materials. Recycling glass saves about 70% of the energy it takes to make a glass from raw materials. Recycling plastic saves up to 80% of the energy it takes to make new plastics. RECYCLING MYTH 3: Anything recyclable can go into my council recycling collection bin. Someone will sort it anyway.
Recycling
Yes paper and envelopes newspapers, magazines, catalogues and junk mail cardboard boxes and egg cartons shredded paper (if contained inside a paper bag or box) cartons such as milk, juice and stock cartons pizza boxes with the food scraps removed aluminium and steel cans and tins empty and dry paint tins empty aerosol cans glass bottles and jars (with lids off and rinsed) plastic bottles and containers (with lids off and rinsed) yoghurt and butter containers (with lids off and rinsed) People do sort recyclables. But placing items in your recycling bin that dont belong creates contamination. This increases recycling costs, put workers in recycling facilities at risk and can damage machinery. While South Australians are excellent recyclers, there is room for improvement. Common recycling mistakes found in recycling bins: Nappies Soft plastics/plastic bags Bottles and jars contaminated with food (a light rinse is sufficient) Lids still attached (please remove these and place them in your waste bin) Non-recyclable plastic packaging such as biscuit trays Foam meat trays Polystyrene packaging These items should be placed in your waste bin. Contaminants have to be removed from the recyclables and sent to landfill where it should have been sent in the first place. Sometimes these contaminants will have also ruined what would have been good recyclables and consigned them to landfill too. Please do your bit and Recycle Right. RECYCLING MYTH 4: Rinsing your containers to recycle is a waste of water. Just as recycling saves resources, greenhouse gas emissions and energy, it saves a lot of water. Water savings from recycling in the past year were equivalent to the water used by 63,300 average Adelaide households in one year or the water contained in 4,800 Olympic-sized swimming pools. So give those jars, bottles and containers a rinse to ensure they are free from food contamination. You will help save water in the long term. RECYCLING MYTH 5: Placing your recyclables in plastic bags is a neat way to recycle and makes it easier for the people sorting. Soft plastics create problems at the Material Recovery Facility (MRF) where recyclables are sorted so do not place them in the recycling bin. Instead place these in your waste bin. For more information, Zero Waste SA has a comprehensive search tool at www.zerowaste.sa.gov.au/at-home/recycleright for what can and cannot go in your recycling bin.
No lids from jars and bottles plastic bags and other soft plastics food scraps packaging contaminated with food tissues and paper towel clothing and fabrics polystyrene packaging foam trays and cups crockery or drinking glasses mirrors, light globes, oven proof or window glass car parts or toys nappies garden waste or organic material Tips for Recycling Right Remove all lids from jars, bottles and plastic containers and place these in the waste bin Rinse containers - save water by using leftover dishwater Place recyclables loose into the yellow bin - do not place recyclables in plastic bags Do not mix recyclables, for example putting cans in boxes Do not bundle newspapers and cardboard
www.zerowaste.sa.gov.au
Book reviews
Great new gardening books
Organic Fruit Growing Annette McFarlane, ABC Books $35 f youre looking for a really good guide to growing fruit in your own garden, this is it. The fact that it explains how to grow your fruit organically is a bonus. Annette McFarlane is one of Australias best organic garden writers and is a regular contributor to ABC gardening publications. She also lectures in horticulture and is able to provide a simple but technically sound explanation to the principles behind organic gardening. The first part of the book is devoted to getting started and the basics of fruit growing including pruning, nutrition, pest and disease prevention and control, pollination and fruit set and propagation. The latter part provides a very comprehensive profile of sixty fruit or seed bearing shrubs, vines or trees. This section includes many of the sub-tropical fruits that have tremendous potential here in South Australia, given the right kind of growing conditions. Berry Bounty Allen Gilbert Hyland House $29.95
horticulturalist and author of a series of practical fruit growing books including Citrus, Just Nuts, All about Apples and Espalier, has just completed a very comprehensive book that covers both the traditional berries we would all like to grow in our garden as well as many considered to be unusual. Allen is acutely aware of the health benefits associated with growing and eating fruit fresh from the garden particularly if it is organically grown. From his own experience he knows which of the berry plants can be grown in containers and just as important, how to train berry bearing fruits to produce productive crops in a limited space. The traditional berries described include blueberries, brambleberries, currants, mulberries and raspberries with an extra large chapter on strawberries. In the unusual berry section, you will find feijoas, goji berries, guavas, jaboticabas, kiwi fruit, passionfruit, pepino, pomegranates, tamarillos and more. An excellent reference book if you are a keen gardener. The Garden of Ideas:
Four Centuries of Australian style
makers and works through to those who gardened in the 21st century. Richard Aitken draws on a fascinating range of images, paintings, drawings, prints, plans and photographs, many never previously published. These images carry the story of Australian garden styles down the years. The Garden of Ideas is a valuable source book for readers interested in garden history. Australian Grasses:
a gardeners guide to native grasses, sedges, rushes and grasstrees
Nick Romanowski Hyland House, $29.95 he search for plants with natural tolerance to Australias harsh environment has led many gardeners to the discovery of ornamental grasses. While initial forays involved exotic species, it didnt take long for experienced gardeners to realise some of the most attractive but adaptable plants grew naturally in our own environment. Nick Romanowski, an authority on Australian native grasses and recognised ecologist, takes us into the fascinating world of native grasses, sedges, rushes and grasstrees. He describes how they can be grown and adapted to a garden landscape. There is also a description of more than 200 different species, many illustrated with photos taken from rainforest wetlands, Mallee scrub and suburban gardens.
Richard Aitken Miegunyah Press, $49.99 his is an inspiring and engaging story of Australian garden design. It starts with details of our early immigrant garden
t last, an easy to read but very soundly written guide to growing berries in small gardens. Allen Gilbert, an experienced
Waterwise gardening
Free Water! Why not use it?

JOHN ZWAR believes rainwater tanks should be encouraged in SA to provide water for garden and household use.
evelopers and local government should both promote the installation of large underground tanks, purpose built as part of house construction. These could be located under garages or driveways and covered with reinforced concrete. This way you could store a much larger volume of water than the smaller galvanised iron or plastic above ground tanks. A pressure pump would enable use of this water in the house or garden. Tank overflow when full should be directed onto the garden. There may be limitations with water harvesting on small allotments where there are large roof and paved areas and little garden space. Even so some runoff water should be used on the garden and tanks installed. Various manufacturers produce pervious pavers which if correctly laid on an appropriate base will allow water to run through and soak into the soil below. They look similar to normal pavers. This is an option worth investigating for any driveways, paths and courtyards in any garden. Since European settlement, many amenity plantings in streets have been kept high and dry by kerbing. In our increasingly dry climate we must consider slotted kerbing and planting in depressions, or no kerbing, allowing stormwater to run onto areas of tree planting and landscaping installed at intervals along streets. Rain gardens Some councils are developing rain gardens; roadside landscaping in slight swales and depressions. Much of the stormwater flowing along streets enters and soaks in deeply, utilising it on site, reducing stormwater runoff to the sea. Plantings in these swales thrive, pollutants in the water are broken down by soil organisms and water may soak in deeply, helping recharge aquifers. In high rainfall events there may be some runoff, but as much water is utilised on site, drainage systems to dispose of excess can be smaller and are cheaper to install. The concept of a rain garden should become standard practice in all streets in new subdivisions, and opportunistically installed in older streetscapes also. Unley Council has excellent examples in the recently reconstructed and landscaped George Street. Water harvesting schemes are often relatively simple and cheap to develop. As a home gardener or home owner, why not consider how you
may better utiilise the rain that falls on your property to augment the other water saving techniques we have readopted after years of drought. The results are likely to be impressive and save you money as well as being better for the environment. John Zwar is Lecturer in Horticulture TAFE SA Urrbrae Campus
www.waterforgood.sa.gov.au
www.balhannahnurseries.com.au
in a tight spot?
new!
looking for a splash of colour?
Prunus
An upright cultivar of Prunus Nigra, with burgundy foliage
The Cutting Edge
Gearing up for summer

SA garden writer and horticultural philosopher, TREVOR NOTTLE looks for the shady side of summer.
ut and about to tire them out over the school holidays? Why not plan a real picnic, lakeside on the grass at Mt Lofty Botanic Garden. Theres plenty of room to run and play, feed the ducks or simply lie on your back. Before you go, call on the kids to help make sandwiches, choose fillings, make cordial and pack the basket with apples, oranges and bananas they will be back to old-time prices by now. Take the camera but leave the iPod at home so the bird songs can be heard or the quiet enjoyed. Special foodies alert An enterprising Hills nursery formerly renowned for producing huge numbers of annual seedlings and potted colour has taken up the challenge to survive hard times by imagining itself growing in a new direction. Among its new offerings are flats of miniveg such as baby carrots, baby beets, tiny turnips, little lettuces and weeny wadishes! Top-end chefs are waiting in line to get their hands on these succulent and tasty little snippets. The same nursery is growing edible flowers hearts-ease violas, borage blue and white, pot marigolds orange and yellow, fennel and dill flowers, as well as harvests of baby herbs and colourful beetroot leaves. Waiting in the poly-tunnels are new-wave plants such as samphire, lambs lettuce and wasabi. Great caper! The ABC Car Park Caper has really perked up with an improvement in the quality of plants presented by all the stall holders and there were a noticeable number of young families out and buying. A few activities just for kids would be a great extra for the day. With all the activity in schools about growing veg and cooking food as well as revegetation projects, there
The Cutting Edge

are ample educational initiatives to be built on, arent there organisers? Summer time and the livin is easy Especially if you have planted Australian roses that have been raised and bred for our own unique climatic conditions. Beginning with the efforts of Alister Clark see them at Carrick Hill, and right down to the present introductions of George Thomas and Andrew Ross see them at the trial ground in the Adelaide Botanic Gardens Australian - roses are ideal for our circumstances. Like us the roses can take a rest over the hottest months and come back fresh and prolific with the return of cooler weather where European and American raised roses are accustomed by genetics and selection to milder, damper climates. Beating the heat Managing heatwaves ought to be on the agenda of everyone not that they can be prevented but the impact they exert on our lives can be mitigated substantially by simple measures such as designing and making rooms cool. It is one of the initiatives being investigated now in Europe where deaths from heatwaves have sky-rocketed in recent times. The same groups of researchers have looked outside too and have stressed the mitigating value of a shady tree canopy, shielded reflective surfaces such as walls and glass, and soft pavements instead of hard.
Living walls Check out the Living Walls at City Central and the Green Roof at ANZ House for examples of plants being used in an attempt to mitigate the impacts of climate change and just look at the green arches proposed in the Rundle Mall revamp. Will they work? Time will tell and how much TLC and skilled maintenance will they get from trained, qualified horticulturalists. Project managers and asset managers shouldnt just assume these things will take care of themselves. Midsummer madness Watch the big gumtree encased in the redeveloped Burnside Village. Apparently saved from destruction by the local council and Significant Tree laws the tree has been incorporated in the architecture with the advice of an expert. Will it burn to a crisp? Or will it burst through the glass ceiling? Could be messy to deal with either way, couldnt it? Garden gossip: Heard about the proposal to meet further, future budget cuts at the Botanic Gardens by turning off the boilers at the Bi-centenary Conservatory? Well, it would save money and reduce greenhouse emissions, wouldnt it? There would be flow-on benefits too; fewer gardeners would be needed once the dead occupants were removed and building maintenance could be slashed. A wonderful bureaucratic solution and so green too. Just what is needed as the climate of Adelaide gradually becomes more like that of Whyalla and Pt Augusta, according to research by a local landscape architects group, in which case a tropical hothouse will be totally irrelevant as we adapt.
Lawns
New buffalo grass wins fans

By STEfAN PALM
hile Australia has seen many varieties of Soft Leaf Buffalo over the past 10 years, the latest Kings Pride Buffalo is creating a great deal of home gardening interest. With so many buffalo lawn grasses to choose from, it can be a tricky job deciding which one is best. I can assure you the fundamental hallmarks of a good buffalo are very similar. For example, they are all relatively broadleaved, they all grow in sun or shade, none of them have rhizomes (underground runners) and they are all classified as low maintenance grasses. However, each variety brings with it a certain degree of uniqueness which can
make a difference to the end user. National trials of 14 varieties of buffalo grass demonstrated that Kings Pride Buffalo produced a softer, harder wearing, greener lawn all year round. From a maintenance point of view, this is likely to result in a saving in both time and effort. Kings Pride was shown to have more shade tolerance and was able to withstand higher amounts of traffic than buffalo varieties before it. Another advantage worth noting is that in the past, Soft Leaf Buffalos have been sensitive to selective herbicides. As such,
you couldnt use products like Weed and Feed on them because of their chemical sensitivity. With Kings Pride Buffalo, you can safely use registered broadleaf herbicides at label rates. This is good news if broadleaf weeds begin to grow in your lawn. Kings Pride is available in SA as instant turf through garden centres and specialist lawn outlets. Stefan Palm is a lawn consultant with Paul Munns Instant Lawn (not Munns & More as stated in our spring edition)
Vadoulis Garden Centre

much more than just plants
Living Outdoors
560 Main North Road, Gawler, SA Telephone: (08) 8522 3400 www.vadoulis.com.au
huge range in store now!
Good gardening
New patio sized nectarine
ew patio sized fruit trees that are both attractive and easy to manage could be just what home gardeners are looking for. With house blocks becoming smaller and houses larger, space for fruit trees is often at a premium. Yet, interest in home grown fruits (and vegetables) has never been higher. The answer for many is likely to be solved by growing dwarf fruit trees or trees budded onto dwarfing rootstock. Recently a very attractive red-leafed dwarf nectarine, known as SunsetTM Nectarine, has been released. It has been bred specifically for home gardeners and offers a number of appealing features. Attractive The leaves are deep burgundy in colour with a canopy that is compact and round. Patio size The trees only grow 1-1.2 metres high and a metre wide. In spring, they produce a dense group of pink flowers, followed by a surprisingly large number of fruits.
Fruit The fruit is full sized with sweet yellow flesh. Interstate, these mature in mid December. However, local trials carried out at Balhannah Nurseries (responsible for its introduction in SA) indicate this could be a little later in SA. Easy care This nectarine does not need pruning, is self pollinating and adapts well to container growing. Low chill factor This means the trees will set fruit in coastal districts and other regions where winters are relatively mild. Early spring growth Because of their low chill factor, bud burst is very early i.e. mid to late August. Peach leaf curl Early bud burst in SA can lead to leaf curl problems, particularly if showers persist. However, this is easily controlled by spraying the trees with copper oxychloride in mid August and again, just as the buds begin to swell. SunsetTM Nectarine dwarf nectarines are available from most SA garden centres.
Online tool takes the guesswork out of watering your garden

Have you tried out the new WaterRight Gardens web tool? Developed by SA Water, it is designed to help gardeners work out how much water they need in different parts of the garden and what happens to water use if you change the garden design. The tool uses factors including the season, hours of sunlight, soil type and watering systems to help you calculate how much water to use. It also features guides to a selection of plants most commonly used in Adelaide gardens. In addition, there are a number of key gardening issues. These include: Starting from scratch The impact of soil Understanding your plants Microclimates Irrigation methods Mulch The WaterRight Gardens web tool is hosted by SA Water at www. sawater.com.au
Helping to grow a greener SA You can play your part Join. Volunteer. Donate. Phone 8406 0500 www.treesforlife.org.au
www.sawater.com.au 24 GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / SUMMER 2011
Rhythm& Blues
Petunia
Raspberry Blast
Petunia
Herbs
BBQ herbs - ideal for Christmas giving

Herb specialist MARIE COLLETT finds the perfect Christmas present which shows thought without costing the world.
his Christmas, I have a cunning plan inspired by a dear friend of ours who loves to cook on the barbeque. The garden is fully landscaped but he is always looking for excuses to add something extra. Equally we have friends with room only for a few pots. The common denominator is that they all like to cook (and eat) and we all know that fresh is best! I plan to present my friend with most of the basic (dare I say essential) culinary herbs which can be planted in pots or troughs next to the barbeque or anywhere else for that matter. I will then download fact sheets on each herb from the Herb Herbert website which is available to all, along with some of my favourite recipes using the herbs. Sounds simple - but which herbs! It is most important to match multiple plantings of herbs according to their water and light requirements - it just wont work if we plant water loving Vietnamese mint and drought tolerant rosemary together in the same pot. So for the low water use herbs, I am going to use the following: BBQ Rosemary This variety of rosemary has strong upright branches that make ideal skewers for meat and vegetables on the barbeque. The leaves and stems will flavour the food and are ideal for Baby Potato Skewers. Rosemary is an ideal plant for our climate. It requires well drained soil and is best in full sun - basically a survivor which has low water usage and also makes a great landscape plant in its own right.
Herbs should be positioned as close as possible to where they will be used.
Sage Variegated This variety of sage is highly decorative and has flavour similar to common green sage. Its common pests are aphids and white fly. I believe planting it with the rosemary will help combat that problem. To encourage bushy growth, pinch the centres out of the plants when you pick the leaves. Sage will make a great herb brush with thyme and I can feel a pork, potato, sage and onion
skewer recipe on the horizon, perhaps with a marinade made with seeded mustard, balsamic vinegar and oil. Lemon Grass Lemon grass stalks make a great skewer especially for prawn rolls. I found this recipe years ago using sugar cane. It was always a big effort to get the cane cut to a suitable size and lemon grass works
Herbs
equally as well. Our dogs enjoy grazing on the leaves, so its an all round favourite. Lemon grass will grow well with the rosemary and sage and is a worthy addition to the garden. Thyme I like to use lemon thyme when we barbeque fish, especially salmon. Thyme will grow well with the other herbs as it is best not overwatered and kept in a sunny position. Pinch out the centres of the plant when you pick the leaves to encourage strong bushy growth.
environment and, dare I say, we have also companion planted the trough. However, there are still two more herbs that we need they are high water users so I am going to suggest a separate pot for each of them
liquid seaweed fertiliser to the water every 34 weeks. Not only does the plant get a feed but the water will stay clear. Parsley Triple curled or Italian its up to the individual. Both need to be kept moist and out of the afternoon sun. You could plant them in a bowl like the Vietnamese coriander but let the water dry out between watering or a deep conventional pot will work provided it is not allowed to dry out. This year many of our friends will be receiving mixed pots of herbs designed for them specifically and their environment. After all, its the thought that counts. I cant wait for Christmas. Marie Collett is co-director at Falg Nurseries, SAs first registered sustainable plant nursery and SA growers for Herb Herbert herbs.
Vietnamese Coriander or Hot Mint Coriander is an essential but over summer it runs to seed so easily that its hardly worth the struggle. I always have a pot of Vietnamese coriander it grows year round and I find it is an excellent substitute for coriander especially those bought bunches from the Oregano Hot N Spicy supermarket. This variety of oregano has a real kick. It This plant is very thirsty so put a pot in has a slightly coarser leaf than traditional a sealed bowl and surround it with gravel. oregano vulgare. I love to use it with On those really hot days, make sure there Greek styled Barbequed Chicken. Pick the is plenty of water in the gravel. flowers off the oregano to encourage strong This way the plant is happy and the growth. dogs are not provided with their very own Well, that is the trough planted and I swimming pool. am delighted the plants will look great This plant together and they will all be happy in their Summer2011_halfpage_185x125_bleed.pdf 1 11/17/2011 12:26:10 PM is a gross feeder so I add some
CM
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Taste the seasons
Light, refreshing and berry nice

Try these cool ideas from chef KANE POLLARD who offers some light and easy options for summer eating.
he food we eat during the warmer months should be light, refreshing and easy to prepare. Cucumbers, lettuce and tomatoes cool us down, an abundance of stone fruit means a sweet healthy snack while berries give us a natural lift that urges us to get back outdoors! Fond memories of foraging for blackberries on the creek side with my brother in the Adelaide Hills remind me that theres nothing quite like fresh picked berries. With so many varieties its hard to choose! Blueberries give us that deep colour and burst of sweetness, raspberries are light and refreshing while strawberries make a great garnish to any dessert or drink. Each type individually or all mixed together and served fresh beside your favourite dessert add colour and excitement. Meringue and ice cream are a great accompaniment for berries as the sweet meringue cuts through the acidity of the berries and the cool ice cream is perfect on a warm summers day. Allowing the partially cooked meringues to dry out in the oven overnight is great preparation for tomorrows BBQ dessert and will give you that perfect crispy finish that everyone will love! Meringue with Summer Berries, Berry Coulis and Ice cream Makes 6 serves (12 meringue discs) Preparation time is 20 minutes
25gm butter 1 Tablespoon water 300ml of cream 1 additional punnet of mixed berries to decorate with. 6 scoops of vanilla ice cream Ingredients for Meringues 2 free range egg whites (room temperature) 65g caster sugar 65g sifted pure icing sugar Seeds of 1 vanilla pod 1teaspoon vinegar or lemon juice Method For Coulis Bring the berries, sugar and water up to a simmer and cook on a low heat only until sugar has dissolved Blend the berry mix in a food processor or with a stick blender adding half the cool butter to the warm berry mix. Allow the butter to incorporate, then add the rest. Blend to a puree and then pass the mix through a fine sieve to remove seeds. For Meringues Preheat the oven to 120 Whisk the egg whites with an electric mixer or by hand in a spotless bowl until
peaks begin to form Add the vinegar or lemon juice Slowly add the caster sugar by the spoonful allowing each spoon to incorporate Then slowly add the sifted icing sugar the same way until all is gone Add the seeds from the vanilla pod and continue to whisk until sugar has dissolved and meringue mix is glossy Stiff peaks should have formed by now and your meringue mix is ready to pipe or dollop onto a baking paper lined tray Once piped, drop the heat of the oven to 100 degrees and place your tray of perfectly piped or rustically dolloped meringues in the oven! Leave to cook for about 1 hours If time allows switch the oven off and leave overnight. If not, check they are light to lift and crisp to snap, open the oven door and allow to cool. Store in an airtight container with paper towel between layers for about three weeks. Assembly this is the fun part For that special touch, put a small amount of coulis in a squeezy bottle and make an attractive swizzle on the plate. Whip cream until soft peaks form; place a meringue on the plate and dollop with whipped cream. Place the second meringue on top, decorate with your choice of berries and finish off with a generous scoop of vanilla ice cream. Pour a generous amount of coulis over the top of the ice cream. Serve immediately. Kane Pollard is the chef at Newmans Nursery Topiary Caf at North East Road, Tea Tree Gully.
Ingredients for Coulis and decoration For Coulis (Berry sauce) 250gm berries, select from raspberries, strawberries, blackberries or blueberries. Fresh is best. cup sugar
Summer!
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Vegetables
Now thats fresh!

es, you can. A big bowl of mixed garden fresh salad leaves picked, blended and ready to serve only a few minutes before they are eaten. Thats whats on offer when you select from the rapidly growing range of gourmet lettuce and salad leaf combinations now available at your local garden centre. But with Christmas, summer barbecues and alfresco dining just around the corner, there is little time to lose. Garden salad leaves are simply leafy vegetables such as non-hearting lettuce, combined with a range of edible soft-leafed plants with tasty, peppery or distinctive flavours. These include mizuna, radicchio, mustard red, sorrel, baby beet leaves and more. The most popular gourmet lettuce, mizuna and sometimes others are also available in mixed combination or combo packs where you can buy seedling punnets containing two sections of three different types. All of these gourmet salad lines are easy to grow and adapt well to raised beds or containers. In most cases, they are harvested over many weeks by continually removing the outer leaves. The secret to growing summer salad lines is to grow them quickly. Buy a bag of compost or soil improver and incorporate
Lettuce Mizuna combo
this into the top three or four centimetres of the garden bed or container where they are to grow. Add a little blood and bone and complete fertiliser (following the container directions). Whatever you do, dont let the topsoil dry out as these plants dont have much of a root system. Mulching in between the plants will make a significant difference. If you are growing your plants in a container, use quality potting mix with up to 20 percent compost or soil improver incorporated. Once established, use a half strength liquid fertiliser every weekend. During summer, most salad lines grow happily in semi shade, providing light intensity is good. These are new: Mizuna combo A mix of green and deep red leaves with frilly edges and a mild flavour. Ideal when
added to other salad leaves including baby mustard red leaves. Best in salad mixes when the leaves are young. Mustard red Peppery flavours which intensify as the plant matures and the leaves develop a deeper red hue. Easy to grow and ready to harvest within 3-6 weeks of planting. Use young leaves in salad mixes. Peppery sweet A trio of popular gourmet salad leaves including sweet baby beetroot, lemony red-veined sorrel and peppery red mustard. Ready to harvest within weeks of planting. Baby beet Small round, bite sized beetroots full of flavour. Use leaves like spinach. Sorrel (red veined) Green, spear-like leaves with red veins. Slight lemon flavour. Great for extra colour. Current favourites Combination or gourmet lettuce - an interesting mix of green and red baby leaf varieties. Rocket - fast, easy to grow. Leaves with peppery taste. Mizuna - very easy to grow oriental vegetable. Use young leaves in salads or later in stir-fries.
TAKE A STAB?
Take the guess work out of digging - Locate underground pipes & cables first
Log onto www.1100.com.au or dial 1100 to request information on underground pipes and cables BEFORE you dig. Its the essential first step in any safe excavation.
The Essential First Step
Good gardening
Bougainvilleas tamed but brilliant
ew dwarf varieties of bougainvilleas with brilliant colours and long lasting flowers (or bracts) are changing the way home gardeners are using these sun loving favourites. Gone are the long vigorous spiky canes. In their place are numerous short, thornless and often pendulous branches, producing a completely new range of compact container friendly plants. If the plant you buy is in a small container, repot into something larger i.e. 10-15 cm pot into 30 cm container or a plant in a 20 cm container into one that is 30-40 cm wide. The next thing to do is to pinch out the growing tips from all main stems and also the main side branches. The aim here is to increase the number of main stems and side laterals. Then leave the plant to grow naturally until it has flowered. At this time of the year, spectacular flower bracts will soon appear at the end of each stem. On a healthy plant, these will last for 4-8 weeks. Remove each flowering bract as it begins to fade. However, it is likely other new bracts will quickly form. From then on, its simply a matter
prune. Cut back hard each of the main side branches and take the opportunity to renourish the plant with an eight-month slow release fertiliser. This is what they like Bougainvilleas are sun lovers and will sit and enjoy the sun all day long. However, they need at least six hours of direct sun. Bougainvillea plants dislike wet feet. If you are growing your plants in a container, make sure you dont over-water them. Give them a good soak then allow the moisture to all but disappear before rewatering again. While the plants are flowering, a fortnightly application with half strength liquid fertiliser, particularly one that is formulated to encourage flower growth, is well worthwhile. If you have a sunny room that supports indoor plants, you will find your flowering bougainvillea will last for three or four weeks as an indoor decoration. During winter, keep your plants on the dry side and if possible, position the container in the warmest, sunniest position possible. Dwarf bougainvilleas in full flower are great for Christmas giving.
of pruning or trimming your plant to shape. In spring time (usually mid to late September), give the plants a good
Wild Mulberry Garden Centre
G IFT GARDEN HO ME
117 Park Terrace Bordertown SA 5268 08 87 522722 www.growmaster.com.au/bordertown
Summer garden guide

Tomatoes
Blossom end rot, a black distortion of the fruit is a common problem in many gardens at the moment. It is caused by a calcium deficiency in the plant and usually occurs when the plants suffer a moisture stress. Tomatoes are deep rooted and prefer to be soaked once a week rather than a daily shallow watering.
Summer annuals
SUN Alyssum Aster Bedding begonias Coleus Cosmos Dahlia Impatiens Marigold (African) Petunia Portulaca Salvia Sunflower (Helianthus) Verbena Zinnia COMMENT Adapt well in SA Big potential Ornamental worth trying Needs right position Needs warmth and humidity Good in right position SEMI SHADE CONTAINER
next few weeks will develop rapidly. A quick spray with the systemic weedicide glyphosate is called for.
Christmas holidays
With only a few short weeks to the Christmas holidays, it will pay to spend a few hours cleaning up the garden before you become too busy. Weeds left to grow over the
Nutgrass
This persistent weed thrives in the warm weather, but it is also a most effective time to spray it with a weedicide containing glyphosate. Wait until the plants are mature before spraying or wiping with the chemical.
Sub tropical fruits

The following fruits perform well in SA.
FRUIT Avocado Banana Jaboticaba Longan Lychee Mango HEIGHT 4-5 m 3-4 m 2-4 m 3-4 m 4-6 m 3-6 m HOW EASY 2 3 2 2 1 1
Lawns
Many new grass lawns are being spoilt by weeds. Broad or flat weeds can be controlled by spot spraying (on a calm day) with a herbicide containing Dicamba such as Trikombi. However, this spray should not be used on buffalo, clover or lippie lawns. Lawns that have not been fertilised this season and those that had an application very early in the season will respond to a light dressing with a balanced fertiliser. Make sure the fertiliser is watered into the soil immediately. Your best defence against weeds and disease is strong, well fed plants.
1 = hard 3 = easy
Pest watch
PEST Ants Caterpillars Codlin moth Earwigs Leaf minor Mites Scale White fly WATCH OUT FOR Often found on plants attacked by scale and aphids Check tip growth and plants with soft leaves Caterpillars burrow into flesh of apples and pears Found under mulch, often eat petals and soft fruits Minute insects that burrow into citrus leaves causing them to distort. Hard to see. Check back of tomato (and other) leaves. Leaves look dry. Very small paperlike material on leaves and stems Small white flies. Found on many plant leaves COMMENT Locate nests and spot spray with ant kill products. Non toxic sprays i.e. Success and Dipel effective. Also pest sprays. Needs regular spraying with success or try codlin moth lures. Regular trapping is best strategy. Attracted to vegetable oils in containers. Spray citrus with oil spray but not in hot weather. Spray on first evidence with soap based product or sulphur on cool day. Easily controlled with pest oil. Spray on cool days. Use systemic sprays containing imidacloprid (Bug Gun).
Jon Lambs seasonal checklist
Vegetables
Summer growing vegetables such as tomatoes, capsicums, eggfruit, cucumbers and zucchinis should be growing now. However, they should be dusted with an all purpose garden dust every two weeks to prevent disease or insect attack later in the season.
Vegetable planting guide

Plant small quantities for a constant supply
VEGETABLE Beetroot Broccoli Cabbage Capsicum Carrots Cucumber DEC JAN FEB CONTAINER WATER # # # # # # # # SHADE
Scale insects
Can be seen on the leaves and sometimes the branches of many trees and shrubs. They are usually spread by ants. Pest oil or Confidor will control the scale, but it is just as important to control the ants.
Eggplant Lettuce - hearting Lettuce - non hearting Melons Pumpkin Radish Rocket Silverbeet Sweetcorn Tomato Zucchini
Fertiliser
Keep vegetables and flowers growing quickly by applying a fortnightly application of liquid fertiliser. For best effects, water the plants the day before. Never apply fertiliser to plants when the soil is dry.
# These will benefit from temporary shade during very hot weather medium water high water
Summer fruit tree watering guide

Fruit trees need more water than ornamentals if they are to produce a bountiful harvest. They also have their main moisture gathering roots well below the surface i.e. 15-35 cm. When you water, this is the area that needs soaking.
Amount in litres Small under 1.5 m Medium 1.5-2.5 m Large 2.5-4 m Extra large 4 m+ 10-15 15-30 30-80 80-200 Frequency - Sandy 2 1-2 1 1 Frequency - Clay 1 1 1 1/fortnight
Supplementary watering may be needed during very hot weather.
Disease watch
Summers here: look out for Myrtle Rust

atch out for Myrtle Rust, a new and very serious plant disease, particularly if you are travelling through the eastern states during summer. Myrtle Rust is also known as eucalyptus rust and infects plants in the Myrtaceae family including many native plants commonly found in gardens. Plants likely to be affected include lilly pilly, willow myrtle (including cultivars Afterdark, Burgundy and Jeddas Dream), threadybark myrtle (Blushing Beauty and Aurora), scrub cherry (Aussie Boomer, Golden Hedge and Meridian Midget) and lemon-scented myrtle. Myrtle Rust is more likely to be spread during periods of extended warm, humid nights. Since first detected in April 2010, Myrtle Rust has spread along coastal areas of NSW and is widespread in south eastern
Queensland. While not yet in South Australia, there is a real possibility it may be spread here by nursery stock from other states or by being transported on travellers clothing from rustaffected regions. South Australia has applied restrictions on the importation of plants and plant products from the family Myrtaceae from NSW and Queensland. The first signs of rust infection are tiny raised spots or pustules. After a few days, these turn a distinctive eggyolk yellow. Some plant species such as frangipanis, hibiscus and palm trees may display similar symptoms but they dont have Myrtle Rust. Look for lesions on young, actively growing leaves and shoots, besides on fruits
and sepals. Leaves may become buckled or twisted through infection. On turpentine and callistemon, rust lesions are purple with masses of bright yellow, or orange-yellow, or occasionally dark brown spores. To control, home gardeners will need to apply effective fungicides at regular intervals while conditions remain warm and humid. Or you can replace susceptible plants with plants that dont host the disease, or are more infection tolerant.If you find any rust on Myrtaceae, report it to the Emergency Pest Hotline 1800 084 881. For more information: www.pir.sa.gov.au/ biosecuritysa/planthealth/emergency_plant_ pests/myrtle_rust
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Eat Well and Save Money!
According to the Australian guide to healthy eating, an adult should consume over 130kg of vegetables per year, or approximately 375 grams per day (5 serves). Does this sound like you? Probably not, as most Australian adults eat on average only half the recommended amount.
So what keeps us from eating our veggies? In 2009 a survey found the high cost of fruit and vegetables among the top five reasons. Since then food prices have only escalated -especially fresh vegetables - largely due to rising fuel costs and recent natural disasters like floods and cyclones. Add it up and youll find 5 daily serves of vegetables for a family of four can average well over $1,000 per year. Even when shopping for seasonal produce, prices are scary. Weve seen bananas hit $16/kilo, capsicums $11/kilo and heads of lettuce as much as $5 each.
Cutting the cost with Mr Fothergills seeds

Mr Fothergills provides excellent value for money with a large number of seeds per pack in fact, they proudly feature the quantity on the front of every pack. Below are some examples of what these seed counts can mean for your growing yields and ultimately your fresh food bill!
Seed count per pack 350 2,000 75 25 500 125 25 Estimated yield of vegetables per pack 15kg 90kg 70kg 100kg 14kg 100kg 40 Cost per kg of vegetables $0.19 $0.04 $0.07 $0.05 $0.20 $0.03 $0.09 Average supermarket price per kg* $4.98 $1.88 $1.49 $1.98 $2.98 $5.98 $4.98
Variety Mr Fothergills Beetroot Grimson Globe Mr Fothergills Carrot All Year Mr Fothergills Cucumber Lebanese Mr Fothergills Pumpkin Jarrahdale Mr Fothergills Radish French Breakfast Mr Fothergills Tomato Grosse Lisse Mr Fothergills Zucchini Greenskin
The alternative? Feed your family with just 20 packets of seeds

Theres no need to compromise when it comes to healthy eating. With no more than a 5m x 8m vegetable garden, over 500kg of vegetables can be produced using just 20 packets of seeds! Depending on variety, you could get the 20 packs for under $50. You dont even need a large garden, as you can grow vegetables and herbs in the smallest of spaces such as containers on balconies and windowsills. With hundreds of vegetable and herb seed varieties to choose from, you can add endless variety to your diet, enjoy the true flavours of home grown and save money with every meal.
(Calculations based on average retail price and expected harvest if plant is cared for properly. The cost per kilo is calculated using estimated average weight per vegetable. Does not include the cost of fertiliser, potting mix or water.) *Prices recorded on 27.7.2011
Growing from seed is easier than you think

Lets debunk the myth that growing from seed takes longer than seedlings. When you grow from seed without transplanting the vegetable mid-growth, you avoid causing transplantation shock which can slow plant growth by up to a couple of weeks. If you want to start seeds early on your windowsill, you can still avoid transplantation shock by using Jiffy peat pots or pellets that are biodegradable and can be planted in the garden with the plant. For a detailed guide on growing your own vegetables go to www.mrfothergills.com.au
What to plant now

October is mid Spring and is arguably the best time of the year for getting out into your garden to start a vegetable patch. Its the perfect time to sow Sweet Corn, Tomatoes, Lettuce, Zucchini, Squash, Cucumbers, Carrots, Beans, Radish, Silverbeet, Spring Onions, Pumpkin, Parsley and herbs directly in prepared beds. By Summer you will start to reap the rewards with fresh produce straight out of your garden.
Waterwise gardening
Drip it to them soon

snt it time you thought seriously about watering your plants with a micro-irrigation system? Micro-irrigation, where water is either dripped or trickled over the root zone of individual plants, has many advantages. Installed correctly, it can reduce garden water bills by 20-40 percent. Once installed, thats it. No hoses and sprinklers to move. Installation is easy. Do-ityourself kits and a range of spare parts are readily available. It is a very efficient and effective method of watering plants. Micro-irrigation has been used with considerable success in many SA gardens for more than a decade. As the name micro suggests, everything about the system including the hoses, drippers and connecting pieces are smaller than you would find on traditional garden watering systems. In addition, the water is emitted by the dripper or trickler at a much lower rate and at a very much lower pressure. Because of this, the amount of time taken to water your plants is usually measured in hours - not minutes. Despite the long operating time, water savings are considerable as you only wet the root zones of the plants and not the areas in between. What type is best Drip irrigation technology has improved dramatically in the past few years and there is now a wide range of systems available to home gardeners. In-line drippers Thin, brown, flexible, 4 mm hose. Available in standard 15 m rolls and sometimes by the metre. The individual drippers are inside the hose, spaced 15 cm, 30 cm and sometimes 50 cm apart. Most emit two litres per hour. Very easy to install using standard dripper fittings for the 4 mm hose. Ideal for most gardens where plantings are in straight lines or close together.
water from the highest point to the lowest and water distribution will not be even. Worth considering Tap timer - essential if you dont want to waste water. Pressure regulator - drip irrigation operates from a very low pressure. If you use normal sprinkler pressure you are likely to blow your dripper irrigation system apart. The pressure regulator ($15-$30) is installed close to the tap (after the timer), reducing water pressure but not flow. Filter - the outlets from most drippers are very small. Installing a standard water filter next to the tap or just after the tap timer will help reduce the likelihood of dripper blockage. Most inline drippers only emit one or two litres per hour. This is not very much water, particularly when you consider that a standard sprinkler with a hole in the middle can belch out more than 20-30 litres per minute. Remember, with drip irrigation you are watering the plants, not the spaces in between. For maximum benefits, its worth not thinking how long you water the garden, but how many litres of water should you provide each plant. Need more information? Some garden centres carry a reasonable range of drip irrigation equipment and many provide good how to use information. Hardware stores, particularly the chain operators, usually offer an excellent range of products and some, but not all, provide technical backup. Specialist irrigation stores offer both product range and technical advice. All three outlets should offer useful do-it-yourself installation information.
Tricklers and adjustable drippers Individual emitters that are usually connected by thin 4 mm diameter flexible drip irrigation hose (spaghetti tube) to low cost, black pvc 13 mm or 19 mm irrigation hose. The thin connector tube can be cut at varying lengths, allowing great flexibility when it comes to installing individual drippers or tricklers. Drippers come in a range of shapes and sizes. Most are fixed i.e. they are set to deliver a fixed amount of water usually two or four litres per hour. However, some drippers are adjustable allowing you to vary the flow from two litres to 20 (sometimes more). Drippers are ideal for watering individual plants.Tricklers allow six or eight short streams of water to trickle from an emitter that is adjustable. This allows you to vary the flow from a few drops to 25 (or more) litres/hour. Tricklers are ideal for random planted gardens and particularly plants growing in containers including hanging baskets. Sub surface irrigation Designed to improve soil water interaction and lateral water movement beneath the ground. This product has an inline drip tube placed between a blanket of geo textile fabric (top side) and a plastic bottom. Sub surface irrigation produces a large water to soil surface area and as the fabric absorbs water, it produces a very efficient wetting front. However, this product needs to be installed correctly, otherwise it will take
www.sawater.com.au
fruit trees
Beyond the fruit harvest

There is more to harvest than simply picking the fruit, says JON LAMB.
arly in the new year, home gardeners with deciduous fruit trees can look forward to enjoying the fruits of their labour. Invariably, some fruit falls to the ground. Dont let it stay there. Nature has its own garbage disposal team, including ants and a small, brown beetle known as carpophilus. Both scavenge amongst the decaying fruit, picking up plant diseases, particularly fruit rotting fungi. These are quickly transferred to ripening fruit as they climb over your trees, looking for fruits that are overripe or have broken skin. Collecting fallen fruit regularly will prevent these insects from spreading disease. Once harvest is over, reward your trees
with a long deep soak. All too often, deciduous fruit trees, particularly those maturing their crops in January and February, are neglected. Keep in mind, these trees still have three to four months of growing season left and rainfall during this period is often a scarce commodity. Trees still laden with fruit should be encouraged with a weekly soak, applying between 200 and 500 litres to each mature tree. While deciduous fruit trees usually receive fertiliser in spring, there is mounting evidence indicating significant benefits when you apply at least half of the trees fertiliser requirements in mid to late summer, ideally as soon as possible after
harvest. This is because between harvest and leaf fall, the trees are busy storing energy for next years fruit, leaf and growth buds. Mature fruit trees should receive one to 1.5 kilograms of complete fertiliser or 3-4 litres of pelletised chicken manure blended for fruit trees or roses. Most important, make sure the ground is moist before the fertiliser is applied and wash it into the topsoil by soaking the root zone with a sprinkler for 10-15 minutes after spreading. Unused fertiliser applied to the soil in late summer will also be available during early spring when the trees require considerable energy to break bud dormancy and develop new seasons growth.
www.balhannahnurseries.com.au
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Grow your own, taste the difference
Salvia (above) and Petchoa Supercal neon rose (inset).
Why not when its hot?

Summer heat can make you wilt but KATHY ERREY knows that some flowering plants actually thrive in the heat.
alvias are perfectly suited to SAs hot dry summer heat, flowering enthusiastically from summer through to autumn as they attract bees, butterflies and birds. Salvia Black and Blue grows to 0.5 m and has striking dark blue flowers with a black calyx on a background of lush green foliage. Salvia greggii has aromatic green foliage and is available in bright red, pink, dark purple, rose and white. Crepe myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) is another summer lover. Clouds of crepe-like long-lasting flowers smother the trees over summer in white, pink or mauve. Although traditionally a tree growing up to 4 m in height, crepe myrtles are now available in dwarf form, some growing to only 60 cm. For an impressive display of dinner platesized flowers, hibiscus takes first prize in hot
Hibiscus moscheutos
Penstemon Sour Grapes
Good gardening
weather. Although the individual flowers are short lived, the plants are generous bloomers. Hibiscus moscheutos is an herbaceous perennial that is also suitable for the colder areas of South Australia as it produces its canopy of foliage from root stock late in spring. It flowers prolifically over summer, dies back to a root stock again in winter only to reappear the following season. Penstemons produce long stems of tubular bell shaped flowers over the summer in shades of pink, purple and white. Most are upright growers reaching 1 m x 1 m in size, but matt-forming varieties make an excellent groundcover. Penstemons are long flowering and can be cut back hard once flowering has finished. Petunias are an outstanding performing annual in the garden over the summer. To avoid the need to replant each summer, plant breeders have crossed the petunia with the perennial summer flowering groundcover, calibrachoa, producing the best of each plant in the Petchoa Supercal.
Crepe Myrtle
Supercal is available in brilliant colours of neon rose, cherry, purple and velvet, as well as white and pastels. All these plants thrive in full sun and heat, but for best performance plant in well-
drained soil, mulch over the summer, and water less frequently but more thoroughly to encourage deep roots. Kathy Errey runs Outdoor Canvas Plants.
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Aeration Lung - diffusing air into the biomass - so no turning of the biomass is required - no manual intervention. Avoids anaerobic breakdown of the biomass and the harmful greenhouse gases that are associated with an anaerobic environment (landfill sites) Insulated Walls and Lid - the thermopilic heat generated during the aerobic breakdown of the organic material is retained within the Aerobin and temperatures within the biomass are more constant, for year round composting even at sub zero temperatures Aerobic composting of both Kitchen and Garden Waste Moisture recirculation system - helps to maintain moisture within the biomass, which keeps the culture of micro-organisms at optimum levels which again ensures faster, more effective composting
Natural condensation Organic waste Patented aeration lung
Leachate reservoir for the collection of the liquid nutrients displaced from your biomass materials- dilute what is collected and you have a wonderful natural fertilizer for free 2 Access Doors for ease of removal of the mature compost and gives you the flexibility in the positioning and location of your Aerobin Due to the high operating temperatures than can be achieved, most weeds, seeds and pathogens if present will be killed
400 Litre Aerobin illustrated
Level & Solid foundation to be provided Finished compost Leachate reservoir
And why does this all matter? Because organic waste doesnt have to be sent off to landfill there is a better solution. Aerobin offers perhaps for the first time an enabling technology that supports the on-site containment of household organics and provides a quantifiable benefit to planet Earth and our environment. Simulate Composting on the website - See info & resources with the ingredients that you have to compost.
THE AEROBIN AT WORK
AEROBIN MAKES COMPOSTING EASY AND REWARDING
Call us on 1800 615 445 or visit
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Available from Better Nurseries, Mitre 10, Home Timber & Hardware, Plants Plus and Thrifty Link
A member of Samvardhana Motherson Group
Good gardening
Right plants - right place
challenge. All too often what seems to be a good idea at the time, turns out to be a visual disaster. In essence, plants are the backbone of any landscape. Basically they are used to Screen or produce private areas Create upper canopy for shade and interest Provide character and tie the various sections of the garden together. If you consider these three principles when selecting plants for the garden, you are well on the way to success. Screening plants are the workhorses in any landscape.
rowing the right plants in the right place thats the essence of good landscaping. Selecting the right tree or shrub for different parts of the garden is often a
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These are the dense canopy shrubs that grow from 2-4 metres in height and are usually placed in front of boundary fences, sheds and other visual eyesores. Because their function is to screen, they should be evergreen. Deciduous shrubs may look attractive and produce an excellent screen during spring and summer. But what happens during autumn when the leaves begin to fall? Select shrubs that have a dense canopy from ground level to a metre or so above eye level. Some shrubs tend to lose their lower leaves as they mature and the benefit of the screening is lost. This problem can be overcome, where space permits, if you place lower growing but dense canopied shrubs in front of them. Suitable screening plants include: Callistemon. Many species including C. Candy Pink (3 m), Kings Park (3-4 m), Phoeniceus (2-4 m) Grevillea Winpara Gem (2-3 m) Melaleuca hypericifolia (2-4 m) Westringia Wynyabbie Gem (2 m) Syzgium australe (3-4 m) Citrus - most species Photinia robusta (2-3 m) Murraya paniculata (3-6 m) Viburnum tinus (3 m) Upper canopy Trees and tall shrubs have an important role to play in the landscape as they not only provide shade but help in breaking up the skyline. In the average suburban garden, very tall trees should be avoided, as both shade and root growth are likely to be excessive, making it difficult for you and possibly your neighbours to grow other trees and shrubs in the vicinity. Shade trees are best located on the west or northern boundary where they will provide protection from the afternoon sun. On the other hand, try and avoid planting tall plants on the southern or south eastern boundary as this will block out the morning sun. In gardens where there is room for upper canopy, give high priority to deciduous trees as they provide shade in summer but in winter allow the sun to come shining through. Character plants The role of the character plant is to say look at me. It should also say something about you as a gardener. In other words, it should reflect your likes and dislikes. Character plants should indicate whether you prefer a style that is formal or informal, bright colours or those that are subdued and in particular, your interest in gardening.
91 Mt. Barker Road, Stirling. (Est.1964)
(08) 8339 1595

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Keep your garden cool this summer with Jeffries

Jeffries Forest Mulch
Certified to NASAA Organic Standard 5125M Certified to Australian Standards AS4454 (SMK02017)
Use mulch to shield your soil from heat, wind and water erosion ... and those pesky weeds!
Jeffries Recover
Certified to Australian Standards AS4454 (SMK02017)
Key Benefits
Cuts evaporation and erosion Insulates plants from hot and cold Minimises weed growth Adds nutrients to soil Conditions for good micro-organisms
Key Benefits
Cuts evaporation and erosion Minimises weed growth Insulates plants from hot and cold Slow break down Adds nutrients to soil Added Jeffries Organic Compost and blood & bone
per .76m3
Was $ 45.90
3890
.76m3
Now!
5350
.76m3
Jeffries Forever Red, Black or Brown

Key Benefits
Long lasting vibrant colour Cuts evaporation and erosion Minimises weed growth Insulates plants from hot and cold Slow break down
Grow your own summer veggies
$
$
6490
.76m3
Now!
6550
.76m
3
per .76m3
Was 74.50
Veggie & Garden Soil

This specially formulated Veggie & Garden Soil is the perfect solution for garden beds or veggie patches. While Jeffries Veggie and Garden Soil is a free-draining mix, its organic matter retains moisture where it is needed most, and is full of rich nutrients to establish vibrant plant growth and beautiful home-grown veggies.
For more information and to nd your nearest stockist, visit
www.jeffries.com.au or phone 8368 3551

Reg No 5125M
Prices valid until 29/02/12 Prices are recommended retail prices and include GST and are subject to change 0.76m3 is an approx measure only 0.76m3 covers approx 10m2 at 75mm thick 0.76m3 is approx equivalent to a 6x4 trailer load
25787
Good gardening
Beating the heat

STATE FLORA
For SAs largest range of native plants in tubes and also advanced plants Belair Nursery Ph: 82787777 Located in Belair National Park Open 7 days Monday Friday 9am 5pm Weekends & public holidays 10am- 5pm
t wouldnt be a South Australian summer without a heatwave or two. However, the garden doesnt need to turn crispy brown when a sustained scorcher comes our way. Your best defence against heat damage is water and there are three important strategies worth considering: Encourage your plants to develop an extensive and healthy root system capable of taking in large quantities of moisture from the soil Increase the plants ability to take in as much water as possible before the heatwave Increase the humidity around your plants during hot weather which in turn will reduce the plants need to transpire. In very simple terms, plants roots are like pumps, collecting moisture from the soil. At the other end, the plants leaves are like suction machines drawing moisture through the plant and pushing it out through the leaves. This process (known as transpiration) keeps the plants cool and prevents the leaves from crisping. Problems arise when water disappears from the plants leaves at a faster rate than it can be replaced. Plant roots are also sensitive to heat. On a hot day, those close to the surface (where the best sources of plant foods and moisture are usually found) are less active and often cease their normal functions. The remedy is to cover the soil with a layer of mulch keeping the roots cool and as active as possible on a hot day. Consider also the amount of root competition some plants face close to the surface. Trees, shrubs, annuals and weeds, often compete for the same few centimetres of topsoil. On the other hand, there is usually plenty of space and ample plant food and moisture well below the surface. When you water the garden, provide enough to soak the soil well below the surface - the plants roots will quickly follow and you end up with an extensive and healthy root system. At this stage, mulching and deep watering should be high on your beat the heat checklist. Thanks to accurate four day forecasts
Murray Bridge Nursery Ph: 85392105 Bremer Road Open Monday Friday 8am-4.30pm Sundays 10am 4pm
www.stateflora.com.au
from the Bureau of Meteorology, we have plenty of warning when a heatwave is looming. A plan is needed that will ensure all areas with plants that need regular watering have enough moisture in the soil profile to get the plants through the first day or so of heat. Start with the trees and deep rooted shrubs. A deep soaking should get them by for a week or more, even during heatwave conditions, particularly if the ground is mulched. Vegetables, perennials, annuals and lawns should be thoroughly soaked the day before the heat arrives. It is then a matter of topping these up with a late evening or early morning watering if the hot weather persists. Take particular care with container plants. The aim is to soak the potting mix from top to bottom. Add a thin layer of mulch to each container, it really makes a big difference, but make sure the layer is not too thick, otherwise it will absorb all the water and the potting mix below may remain dry. Container plants will need to be topped up with water each day. Make sure you allow enough water to soak well down into the potting mix. From a plants point of view, early morning watering i.e. between 4.00am and 6.00am is best. But this is not always convenient. Evening watering is quite acceptable, the exception being plants that are prone to fungal disease such as roses, hydrangeas, cucumbers, etc. If your plants are wilting in the middle of a hot day, dont be afraid to cool them down with a short sprinkle. However, the operative word is sprinkle, not soak, at least not during the middle of the day. The final strategy of increasing humidity around the plants leaves is particularly important if you are growing camellias, ferns or other heat sensitive shrubs. During summer, the air in South Australia is usually very dry. On a hot day, the combination of heat and wind can be quite devastating as the normal humid air around each leaf caused by transpiration is quickly removed.
Waterwise gardening
Desalinated water enters the network

outh Australians began receiving desalinated water through their taps for the first time in midOctober, signalling a historic milestone for the $1.83 billion project. Small volumes of desalinated drinking water are being mixed with treated water from Happy Valley Reservoir in storage tanks before being pumped into the mains water pipelines. The water reaches customers across Adelaide from Happy Valley to Aldinga, the Adelaide Hills areas of Blackwood, Belair to Coromandel Valley, the western suburbs from Darlington to West Lakes and the eastern foothill areas from Clapham to Wattle Park. The amount of desalinated water entering the network from the first 50-gigalitre plant was initially between five and 10 million litres per day, which will increase as more capacity comes online. Once the water passes through the reverse osmosis membranes at the desalination plant, it is treated and then stored in the plants two 25-megalitre treated water storages at Lonsdale. From these storages, the water flows by gravity into the suction of the transfer pump station where it is pumped though a 12-kilometre pipeline to Happy Valley. Desalinated water is then combined with water from the Happy Valley Water
SA Water Chief Executive John Ringham received a cup of the desalinated water from Adelaide Desalination Project Director Milind Kumar, and ADP Deputy Director Mauro Farinola.
Treatment Plant before being distributed into the SA Water network. This major milestone was a critical step in building the desalination plant that will ensure South Australians have a secure water supply completely independent of climatic conditions for current and future generations. Construction on the second 50 gigalitre plant continues and the project is on track to meet overall completion by
the end of December 2012. You can see SA Water staff talking about this project, how it works, the marine and land environment and what it means for South Australia at www.sawater.com.au
www.sawater.com.au
Water saving tips for plants in pots

Group your plants according to their watering needs, especially if you are watering them with an irrigation system. Grouping will also help keep them cooler. Use a quality potting mix. Look for the Australian Standard logo on the bag. A premium mix is advised for most potted plants. Compressed coir or coco peat potting mix bricks that you rehydrate have very good water storing capacity. They can be used on their own or mixed with another potting mix to improve water retention and air filled porosity. Larger pots are generally more water efficient than smaller pots. Avoid pots that are too large for the plant as this may make the soil water logged. Allow the top 20 mm of potting mix to dry out between watering. Many potted plants die from over watering. Unglazed terracotta pots are very porous, losing water readily. Line them with plastic, ensuring you cut out drainage holes, or treat the inside of the pot with a sealant. Protect hanging baskets from drying winds.
Lawns
We stock a comprehensive range of quality trees and shrubs, a full range of fruit and nut trees including vegetable and ower seedlings. Specializing in Camellias and stocking many of the plants you will need to add color and structure to your garden all year round. We stock an interesting selection of practical gardening tools and unique gifts. Enjoy a browse in our established display gardens, relax and enjoy some of our delicious homemade food from the Topiary Caf. Isnt it time that you discovered the Horticulturists at Newmans Accredited Garden Centre? Jon, Dianne, Daniel & the Team
Renovating a spongy lawn
OPEN 7 DAYS - 8264 2661 North East Rd, Tea Tree Gully SA www.newmansnursery.com.au
f looking for a tough, hard wearing, drought resistant lawn, then couch and buffalo are hard to beat. The trouble is after a few years, couch, buffalo and also kikuyu tend to become spongy. If they are not properly managed they can also develop a thick layer of thatch on the surface of the soil. Thatch is a mixture of dry grass clippings, dead and decaying roots and topsoil. A small quantity on the surface can be quite beneficial, acting like a mulch, reducing evaporation from the root zone of the grasses and reducing soil temperatures during summer. However, over a period of three to four years, this thatch can form a thick layer, 2-3 cm thick, preventing both moisture and air from reaching the plants root zone. It is an ideal place for root rots to begin. As the thatch builds up, the couch, buffalo or kikuyu develops a secondary crown that sends out new blades of grass a few centimetres above the ground creating that spongy feeling when you walk over it. Apart from being difficult to cut and walk on, a spongy lawn needs more water to keep it green and it is very easy to damage the crown of the grasses if the mower blades are set incorrectly. One way around the problem is to have the area scarified with a special machine that moves over the grasses, removing thin strips of turf. The alternative is to tackle the problem yourself, using a rotary lawnmower and a strong steel rake. Couch, buffalo and kikuyu are summer active grasses thriving in the heat. They have a strong underground root system and providing the soil is kept moist, the plants are almost indestructible. The first step is to remove the sponginess by cutting the grass almost down to ground level. This is achieved by cutting the grass five
or six times on the same day with the rotary mower, setting the blades lower each time until there is less than a centimetre of growth remaining. This may sound drastic and it will certainly look awful for the first week. However, because these grasses have a strong underground root system, it does not take long for the lawn to regenerate. Make sure the ground is soaked three to four days before the operation. This will stimulate the roots into maximum activity. Once the grass has been cut, take a steel rake and remove any remaining thatch, being careful not to rip too many grass roots from the ground. Soak the area immediately after the operation. Three to four days later, apply a complete fertiliser using no more than half a kilogram to 10 square metres. Alternatively, use a liquid fertiliser at half strength. The fertiliser must be washed into the root zone of the plants. When the new growth is 2-3 cm high, it should be cut very lightly, taking care not to remove more than 20 percent of the grass blades. During summer, these summer active grasses should be kept at 3-3.5 cm. This is much higher than recommended by some lawn contractors. However, longer grass means longer roots that are capable of going without water for much longer periods than grass that has a short root system because it has been cut short. If you intend to dethatch your lawn and remove the sponginess, dont waste any time. The operation has to be carried out during December, January or February at the latest to give the grasses time to recover and build up sufficient reserves to survive during winter, when they usually become dormant.
Lawns
Dont lower the mower
here is a very strong belief in South Australia that lawns cut low need less mowing and still retain their colour and density. Lawn research has shown that this is wrong and during the heat of summer and autumn, it can often lead to disaster. Constant low mowing from spring through to autumn slowly weakens the stand, allowing low growing weeds to invade, such as creeping oxalis. In fact, if you have creeping oxalis in your lawn, it is most likely it is because of low mowing. Another strong belief that encourages home gardeners to keep the lawn cut short is the fallacy that low mowing will reduce the amount of water needed to keep the lawn growing.
The truth is lawns cut short have a correspondingly shorter root system and a root system that is usually concentrated close to the surface. When the lawn is watered, the topsoil
dries out quickly while moisture that soaks deeper into the soil moves beyond the reach of the shortened root system. The only way to keep the lawn attractive then is to water more often. So - lift the blades on the mower. While this provides a number of important benefits, the most important relates to the much greater leaf area available to tap into the suns energy. This encourages deeper, stronger roots that have a greater ability to seek out moisture and nutrients. Because the leaf canopy is longer and more dense, there is greater shading over the ground, keeping the root system cooler and more active, while reducing evaporation from the topsoil.
SAs LEADING LANDSCAPERS

GUMLEAF GARDENS
Beryl Bredon Landscape Designer

39 Maesbury Street, Kensington 5068 SA Ph: 8364 1684 | Fax: 8361 3702 | Mb: 0411 694 215 E: beebredon@gmail.com
Kym Pedler 0402 845 928

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Compost & mulch
Get mulching!
Have you mulched the garden yet? Its certainly not too late.
good organic mulch is capable of reducing evaporation from your garden by 50 to 70 percent. But that is only the beginning. In many gardens, large quantities of soil moisture are lost because of weeds. On a hot day, the weeds act like pumps, sucking moisture from the topsoil and pushing it out through their leaves. Mulching also prevents weed seeds close to the surface from growing as it eliminates the light needed for germination. During summer, when temperatures climb into the 30s, topsoil temperatures often reach 40C and sometimes exceed 50C. When this occurs, any plant roots close to the surface stop functioning and if they are damaged, the plants quickly become stressed. A layer of mulch acts like an insulation blanket reducing surface temperatures by 10 to 15oC and 10 to 15 cm below the surface by 5 to 8C. This may not seem much but it is sufficient to keep root temperatures within the plants root zone within its growth or comfort zone. In most cases, mulched plants will survive an extended heatwave without any significant heat damage, providing of course, there is adequate moisture in the soil. Recycling revolution Right now, South Australia is in the middle of a green organics recycling revolution. Huge collection depots have been set up on the outskirts of Adelaide with tree branches and plant based garden material arriving in green recycling bins from council collections, and after careful treatment being returned to the community as organic mulch.
Coloured mulches are now available, usually red, brown or black.
One of the main products generated from this process is referred to as forest mulch. This is largely tree branches and leaves that have been passed through a machine to produce small chunky pieces of material. This is placed into large heaps or rows and subjected to a composting process to pasteurise the material and kill off any weed seeds, insect pests or diseases. Forest mulch is ideal for protecting large areas of the garden, particularly under tall trees and large shrubs where water conservation and weed control are the major needs. Over a period of time, the chunky pieces are broken down in size by soil microbes, while the smaller pieces are returned to the topsoil as compost. Forest mulch is best spread to a depth of five centimetres and may need topping up every year or so as the fine material breaks down. You can expect to pay around $60 a
cubic metre. A cubic metre spread to five centimetres covers 15 square metres. As a guide, a 6 x 4 trailer holds just over two thirds of a cubic metre and should be enough to cover 10 square metres. Coloured mulches are another way to keep your garden protected, while giving it a very attractive striking finish. Made from recycled timber, the mulch is naturally coloured with a long lasting colorant, enabling the product to keep its colour a lot longer than traditional barks. Found in varying colours, usually black, brown or red, its a good way to improve visual impact in the garden. Mulching with composts At the other end of the mulch range, you will find organic compost. This is made from the forest litter and other softer organic materials. These also go through the composting process and the end product is a fully
Compost & mulch
composted, fine, black material. Organic compost, like the composts you make in your own backyard, is an excellent soil improver and should be incorporated into sandy and clay soils to improve the structure of both. Materials that have been fully composted can be dug into the soil without the fear of problems occurring through nitrogen drawdown. Organic composts sell for around $45 per cubic metre. One of the most popular recycled mulches for home gardeners involves a blend of forest litter and organic compost. The outcome is a mixture of both fine and coarse black material with sufficient nutrient to prevent nitrogen drawdown. It is excellent for mulching roses and garden beds containing small and medium sized shrubs. A five centimetre layer will
last for about 12 months and again will reduce water usage by about 25 percent. It is also an ideal weed suppressant. Once the material has settled, it doesnt blow around like some of the lighter mulches and is very useful in small courtyard gardens. Check with your local landscape supply yard for a mulch most suited to your gardens needs. When watering, make sure you apply enough moisture to soak right through the
mulch and into the topsoil. If you are in the habit of applying a few millimetres every day, it is likely most of the water will be absorbed by the mulch and your plants will miss out. Garden mulch is readily available from landscape supply yards where it is sold by the trailer load. Alternatively, you can arrange for a home delivery. For further information about mulch and composts or to organise a home delivery, contact your local landscape supply yard.
www.jeffries.com.au
Brighten your day with Living Colour!

Grown locally, we offer plants that perform in seedlings, owering annuals, perennials and landscaping packs.
Available at:
Big W, Bunnings, Cost Less Plants, Home Timber and Hardware, Kmart, Mitre 10, Plants Plus, Thrifty-Link Hardware and Garden Centres
fruit trees
A garden fit for a fig

You will find the best home grown figs right here in SA, says fruit and nut specialist CHRIS PERRY.
igs do so well in SA because of our long, hot, dry summers. These conditions ripen the fruit to a sweet richness that makes fig eating one of the great joys of late summer and autumn. Expect to eat your crop from late February until early May. The fig is a very simple plant to grow. Fruit appears on current growth regardless of where the new growth arises. This means that the most inexpert pruning cannot stop fruit production. So, prune to suit yourself. Shape the tree to fit a space. This may mean a flat, wide low tree to conform to a fence or a wall. Or it could be a canopy at the perfect picking height or a shape made suitable for easy netting against birds. There is no need to use a structure, just shorten or remove branches that you dont want and leave those that you do. You can still create a more formal espalier if you wish by building a trellis and attaching horizontal branches to it. All pruning should be carried out in winter as soon as the leaves have fallen. Prune back to the established framework every year and the tree will never get any bigger. If pruning is not carried out regularly, the tree may eventually grow around 5 m high and almost as wide. Figs grow well in the shallow heavy soils that are common in SA. They will do better where the friability of the planting bed has been improved by incorporation of substantial amounts of compost. The best compost for heavy soils is composted pulverised pinebark. This product creates pores in the soil where water and air can flow freely. Fig roots, like most fruit tree roots, like open airy soils. Generous amounts of gypsum may also help with soil improvement. Fig trees like sunshine. Pick the warmest spot in the garden in full sun. Lower light
White Adriatic Fig
levels cause later fig ripening and a shorter picking season. In cooler places such as the Adelaide Hills, it is even more important to maximise heat and light. Trees can be planted any time of year either from pots or bare rooted in the dormant season. However, potted trees in spring establish quickly and will often fruit in the first season. There are many fig varieties but these are three of the best: White Adriatic A medium sized fig with green skin and
strawberry red flesh. Excellent rich flavour and texture. A larger growing variety if left unpruned. Black Genoa Medium sized fig with shiny blue black skin and pink flesh. Very sweet mild flavour and juicy flesh. A larger growing variety if left unpruned. Brown Turkey A large sized fig with dark brown skin and pink flesh. Very sweet mild flavour and juicy flesh. A dwarf variety that will grow to about 2-2.5m if left unpruned. A good variety for pots.
A 30-year old White Adriatic Fig before and after pruning.
Landscaping
Transforming the landscape: you need a plan

By ANGELA BRENNAN
urning a typical Adelaide garden into one of last years outstanding entries listed by Open Gardens Australia is not an easy task. But, it certainly helps if you are a leading garden designer. Eleven years ago, Caroline Dawes and her family bought a State Bank bungalow in Broadview, an inner northern Adelaide suburb. Over the next decade, Caroline transformed this typical Adelaide garden into a very attractive and liveable landscape. When they arrived in Broadview, the garden comprised a bit of lawn, a lot of cypress, some very bad paving and a few trees struggling with the elements. It had no energy, there was no reason to be there, she says. It is now a private, tranquil place, cool and energetic. Admittedly, some of the hard work was done by nature as the soils of Broadview are quite magic. However, the rest was pure diligence and know-how on the part of Caroline. In the past 20 years, she has learnt well from experience and is now an awardwinning garden designer. Last year, she received three prestigious LASA awards: Design of Residential Landscape under $60,000; Design of Residential Landscape under $20,000; and Design Individual Landscape Feature. Last year, she received two more awards for Residential Landscape Design under $20,000 and Residential Landscape Design under $40,000-$60,000. Caroline Dawes grew up not far from where she now lives in a large rambling garden at Medindie. It was a blissful place for a child to play and explore, she says. However, the urge to design gardens started much later. I loved plants and gardens and wanted to learn more about them. I was at home with two young boys and I turned to books. I
simply read and read. Later, Caroline studied horticulture and design under the tutelage of John Buchan, renowned garden designer, author and lecturer. This study complemented years of horticultural and gardening knowledge and now stands her in good stead to advise clients on all aspects of gardens. The plan begins In reality, a planting plan is the final stage in designing someones garden, Caroline says. However, I certainly have an idea as Im developing concepts about where I will put
trees, a hedge, or a feature plant. The really important elements are at ground and underground level. These provide the planning and layoutthe footprint, structure and functionality of the garden. Caroline starts work from inside the house, observing the views framed by windows and doors. In her own front garden she saw the potential of a spreading Acer negundo variegatum, which she was advised to remove as it was reverting to its original green form. She now simply removes the green every year and the tree is a magnificent feature in the front yard.
Landscaping
Explore United N urseries
The tree, with variegated foliage and light bark arches over an old-wood bench and wide gravelled path. Behind the tree, a hedge of Murraya screens the street, and between it and the path, casual plantings of flowering shrubs and perennials counteract the formality of the low Euonymus hedge. The whole effect has the coolness of a forest. People ask me to give their garden a certain feel. For example, I am sometimes asked if I can make their [Adelaide] garden tropical. Well, the technical answer is no, but with careful choice of plants and garden preparation I am able to create a garden that has all the water conserving needs of this state with the colour and lushness of the tropics. Caroline chooses plants that will thrive in the environment in which they are planted. She does not expect her plants to struggle against the elements, and as demonstrated in her own garden, the end result is obvious. I fertilise a few times a year, and I make sure the worms and microorganisms are cool and moist by mulching heavily. The worms keep the soil friable and fertile, ensuring successful plant health. The garden needs watering in summer, but I take a lot of care to ensure my soil holds as much moisture as possible and I am careful with my choice of plants, although I still succumb to gardenias and hydrangeas! Shade is my problem now, says Caroline. I started with 50/50 shade. Now its more like 80/20. A garden is never static; it is constantly evolving. You have to try to plan for that. This garden has been evolving for over a decade, from a place for small children and pets to its current maturity. The pool was here. My husband needed the pizza oven. When they were small the kids played in the gravel, climbed the trees and had hideouts under the shrubs. We dont miss a front lawn at all and we have a lawn area at the back that is just right for us, she says. Planning the layout When designing a garden, it is important to consider the footprintthat is, to work around established permanent features, the house itself, established trees, sheds, a pool, tennis court, and so on. Added to this are outside living areas, such as patios and entertaining areas; walls, fences and utilities (for example, gas and air conditioning). You will need to consider people and cars and how they need to be accommodated in a garden. Nothing can be left out in that initial check, Caroline says. It all has to work for you and be the best fit for your way of life, while trying to create a serene, inviting space. In her garden, Caroline kept all the large trees. We rarely use our air conditioner before January, she says. The trees and garden keep the house cool. Adelaide is a hot city; it needs trees around its buildings and paved areas. Caroline Dawes is a member of the Landscape Association of SA (LASA). For a list of professional landscapers, go to www.landscapesa.com.au
and watch your garden grow
Wherever you are, United Nurseries products can be found across the country.
From your old favourite, to our new and exclusive releases our members provide the best plants nation-wide fresh at your nearest garden centre.
united-nurseries.com.au
Available at Big W Dahlsens Growmaster Kmart Magnet Mart Mitre 10 Plants Plus Plants Australia and garden centres
IMAGE BOUND / UNRS_ 4885
Open Gardens
Great gardens open for inspiring summer ideas

e dont often think about gardening in the summer. But, quite often it is the best time to be out and about in the garden particularly with BBQs, cricket and lazy summer nights soaking up the cool night air. To get some ideas of what can withstand our unpredictable weather and difficult sites at this time of the year, the private open gardens that will be on display under Open Gardens Australia this summer have something for everyone. Kinclaven is a wonderful historic garden that features classical statuary, fountains and water features. Some plantings date back to the 1880s. Kinclaven will be open on Sunday 15th January at 56 Waverley Ridge Rd, Crafers from 10am to 4pm for $6. Agapanthus Farm is exactly that and so much more. Ten acres of every shade of agapanthus with a pavilion that overlooks a lake with a bridge and jetty complimented with clipped trees and shrubs. Open January 21 and 22 at Easlea Rd, Littlehampton. If grandeur is your style, nothing compares with Wyndbourne Park on Mawson Rd, Forest Range. Conceived on a grand scale, this fascinating garden opens
on January 28 and 29. On February 25 and 26 you can take Time out at Tennyson with a plantsmans attractive garden at 89 Military Rd, Tennyson. Filled with interesting and relaxing spaces created around a group of four units, the garden includes succulents, coastal species, roses, natives and container plants. If an organic and productive garden is to your liking, the Woodville High School garden at 11 Actil Ave, Woodville is set to inspire on February 26. January 2012 Sun 15, Kinclaven, 56 Waverley Ridge Rd, Crafers 21-22, Agapanthus Farm, Easlea Rd, Littlehampton 28-29, Wyndbourne Park, Mawson Rd, Forest Range February 2012 25-26, Time Out at Tennyson, 89 Military Rd, Tennyson Sun 26, Woodville High School garden, 11 Actil Ave, Woodville March 2012 3-4, Obst garden, Redden Dve, Cudlee Creek
10-11, (Adelaide Cup Weekend), Frosty Flats, Crn Mount Torrens Rd and Muellers Rd, Birdwood 17-18, An Engineers Garden, 12 George St, Hawthorn Fri 23, Light Up My Garden, 12 George St, Hawthorn See www.opengarden.org.au for tickets April 2012 Sun 1, Taylors Wines, Taylors Rd, Auburn 7-8 (Easter weekend), Hoffmann garden, 142 Rialto St, Renmark 14-15, Tintagel, 29 Jeffrey St, Nairne (near Mount Barker) 21-22, St Marys Vineyard: Art in the Vines - mini fair, V and A Lane, Penola May 2012 Sat 5, Eden Park at Marryatville High School - history week, 1A The Crescent, Marryatville Sat 5, Loreto College Heritage Gardens - history week, 316 Portrush Rd, Marryatville 5-6 (Mothers Day weekend) Sunningdale Farm, Mosquito Hill Rd, Mount Compass Bonney Garden, 48 Martindale Ave, Golden Grove 12-13, Beechwood, 36 Snows Rd, Stirling For more information visit the website www.opengarden.org.au
SAs standout Garden Centres

Awards of excellence have been presented to three of South Australias top garden centres. The awards, presented by the Nursery and Garden Industry (SA) during an Industry Awards night in November, recognise the outstanding role played by each garden centre over the previous twelve months. The awards include: Small garden centre YorKreations,
Minlaton Medium garden centre Newmans Nursery, Tea Tree Gully Large garden centre Barossa Nursery. Other awards of excellence presented during the night included: Environmental retailer Barossa Nursery Product suppliers Brunnings Garden Products Large production nursery Lewis
Horticulture Small production nursery Jongs Nursery Doug Smart Award of Merit June Taylor NGISA Award of Honour Robyn Powell Young Leader Award Dani Swallow, ZooSA Young Leader Award of Merit - Melissa Waters, Newmans Nursery
Organic gardening
Changes in the organic garden

There is more to organic gardening than spreading mulch on the ground or using do it yourself remedies, says TIM MARSHALL
s a central figure in the organic gardening world for the past 30 years, Tim Marshall believes many traditional views on organic gardening are becoming old-fashioned. In his latest book, The New Organic Gardener, he details how new technologies and techniques now available to home gardeners are influencing change without undermining the following 10 principles behind organic gardening. Tim Marshalls 10 principles for organic gardening: 1. Improve the soil Healthy soil is the foundation of healthy plant growth. Compost and organic matter can be dug into the soil or spread as mulch, which is then incorporated into the soil by the rain, worms and other soil organisms. Increasing the organic matter will improve all soils, adding nutrients and helping to hold more moisture and nutrients. 2. Make compost Any organic matter can be turned into nutrient-rich, soil-improving compost. It doesnt matter whether you use an open heap, compost bin, worm farm or any other system compost is a key ingredient in any garden. 3. Use healthy planting material Strong, healthy seed and seedlings are more resistant to pests and diseases. Choose disease-resistant varieties suited to your local climate and soil type. 4. Provide natural pest control Purchase biological controls available from mail-order or internet suppliers and provide habitat in the garden for beneficial
biodiversity by growing a variety of both exotic and local native plants to encourage birds, reptiles, ants, wasps, spiders, ladybirds, hoverflies, dragonflies and many other native beneficial organisms. They are your best pest control system. 8. Use polyculture planting Companion planting and polyculture confuse pests and make them spend more energy finding suitable food and mates. Polyculture is the term used to describe growing a variety of different plants together in a group rather than growing each type in a discrete block on its own. Scented and flowering plants can be grown among crop plants, and vegetables can be inter-planted rather than block planted to aid the confusion. Polyculture makes pests work harder to find their preferred food and also attracts beneficial insects. 9. Take time to observe Wander around the garden with a view to preventing problems by treating them early, before they become serious. A few moments to pull new weeds, prune off diseased branches or handpick pests can be very effective if well timed. 10. Make room for nature Organic growers know they have to live with some pests, weeds and diseases. No pests mean no beneficial insects and other organisms. No beneficial organisms mean that the first few pests that do come along will thrive. Its better to live with a few pests, as long as the overall system remains healthy. The New Organic Gardener, Tim Marshall, ABC Books, $55
native bugs and birds. In the vegetable garden, use primarily physical barriers and only resort to the safest organic pesticides when necessary. 5. Practise natural disease control Use crop rotation to prevent the buildup of soil-borne diseases. Plants that are not stressed by lack of water or nutrients are less vulnerable to disease. Use organic fungicides only when needed. 6. Control weeds without poisons Prevent weeds from setting seed by mowing, hoeing and pulling, or by growing cover crops and green manures, and stop seeds germinating by using mulch. Use sensible quarantine strategies to prevent the introduction of any new weeds. 7. Encourage local biodiversity Resist the urge to spray when pests appear. Use local indigenous and non-indigenous
Vegetables
Containing your spring vegetables

ou dont need a large garden to grow your own fresh vegetables. Seed companies are well aware of the present trend towards smaller gardens and as a result, there is now an extensive range of vegetable varieties that are more than happy to produce their harvest in the confines of a container. Tomato, capsicum, bean bushes and even zucchinis, cucumbers and eggfruit have been reshaped into smaller more compact sizes, making them ideal for growing in containers. Vegetables that grow happily in containers will, of course, need more attention than those in the ground as their roots will be limited to a confined area. The big need will be for moisture and during hot weather you can expect your plants will need to be watered every day. This need not become a chore if you install a micro-irrigation system attached to an automatic tap timer. The size of the container is critical. The bigger the container, the easier it is to care
for your plants. If it is your first experience in container growing, something 50 cm across and just as deep should be the minimum size to use. Nine litre plastic buckets are useful for the smaller vegetables such as lettuce, spring onions, herbs, tomatoes or peppers as they are deeper than they are wide (deep containers retain moisture more effectively than those that are shallow). Polystyrene containers used in the vegetable trade are useful if you can find them. However, there is now a very large range of attractive PVC and ceramic planter bowls and boxes available at most garden centres. Whatever you use, make sure they have big holes at the base for drainage. Soil Garden soil by itself is unsuitable for container growing because it drains poorly. A good growing mixture can be made from equal parts of potting mix, compost
To save water, rinse your recyclables after washing the dishes. For a Recycle Right fact sheet visit zerowaste.sa.gov.au or call 1300 137 118.
and coarse river sand. However, the sand must be coarse or gritty. Local landscape yards sell all these materials in bulk and most operators are willing to fill small containers such as 20 litre rubbish bins with individual components or a ready to go blend. To the soil mixture, add (no more than) a quarter of a cupful of complete fertiliser to each nine litre bucket of mix. Place the container in a sunny position, fill it with blended soil that has been moistened and you are ready to start. Once your plants are up and growing, they should be encouraged to grow steadily by applying liquid fertiliser. A half strength mix applied every fortnight is recommended. However, its important not to exceed the recommended rates. Supplementary feeding with liquid fertiliser is important as many of the plant foods needed by your crops are washed out of the potting mix when you water. Varieties suitable for growing in containers: Beans - Dwarf French and butter types Cabbage - Mini hybrid varieties Capsicum - All types Carrots - Baby and short rooted varieties Cucumbers - Bush types Lettuce - All varieties, particularly Cos and non-hearting types Spring onions Squash - Bush types Spinach and silverbeet Tomatoes - Bush types i.e. First Prize or dwarf and cherry varieties Zucchini - Bush types Also herbs and strawberries. Tip Many vegetable growers now use temporary shade structures using 50 percent white shadecloth to protect their plants during the hottest months.
ZER0068/F
Irrigation
NEW PRODUCT REVIEW
Flexible irrigation kit for raised beds

atering vegetables and herbs with different watering requirements in a raised bed has just been simplified. The solution comes in a low cost, easy to assemble, raised garden bed-irrigation kit. The key elements are Adjustable tricklers. These are mounted on plastic spikes and designed to allow the moisture flow to be varied from 0-100 litres per hour according to the needs of different types of plants in your raised bed. A six-way manifold designed to allow six adjustable tricklers* to operate from the one watering point. Unlike many DIY low pressure irrigation kits, this set includes a pressure reducing valve, effectively reducing mains pressure, allowing low pressure irrigation systems to operate at maximum efficiency without leaking or blowing apart. The kit also contains: 10 mm roll of 4 mm poly tubing to connect your tricklers to the main manifold Two-way water delivery spike that has a snap on fitting to receive water from your garden hose Screw on attachments to join the water delivery spike to the pressure reducing valve and the 6-way manifold allowing the system to operate. The kit is easily expanded and can be used in conjunction with a tap timer or automatic irrigation system. If you follow the directions, you should be able to assemble the whole system within a matter of minutes. The raised bed irrigation kit is produced by Pope and is available from most garden centres. Cost - below $40. Rating - very good. Whats a trickler Adjustable flow tricklers are ideal for watering vegetables, herbs, flowers and other plants that have most of their moisture gathering roots close to the surface. Tricklers have six small outlets that emit gentle streams of water over a 15-30 cm
radius. They also have an adjusting cap to vary water flow. This can be removed for easy cleaning. Tricklers are also very effective for watering container plants and particularly
hanging baskets. The Raised Garden Bed Irrigation Kit is produced by Pope products www.popeproducts.com.au
Polystyrene packaging (including foam meat trays and cups) goes in the WASTE BIN. For a REcyclE RIghT fact sheet visit zerowaste.sa.gov.au or call 1300 137 118.
ZER0068/G
Waterwise gardening
Students get water wise in classrooms and gardens

espite increased rainfall and improved flows in the River Murray in recent times, water remains an incredibly precious resource and it is essential all South Australians, including young South Australians, continue to value every drop. Thanks to a new WaterWise kit for schools, launched by the State Government on 25 October, students are learning more about the importance of water and thinking of creative ways to reduce the amount of water they use. Year three students at Marryatville Primary School were the first to get their hands on the new kits. The school has a terrific veggie patch which will benefit from the kids using a gardening poster included in the kit. The poster explains the water requirements of different vegetables, fruits and plants and gives guidance for when they should be planted during the year. This poster is also included in WaterWise kits for households. The WaterWise school kits also contain flow cups for students to conduct water flow rate investigations in their school grounds, a shower timer to encourage responsible water use behaviour, a checklist to help teachers and students learn what they can do to save water and stickers for wet areas to remind people to turn off taps and reduce their water use. WaterWise Communities has been
Year three students at Marryatville Primary School were the first to get their hands on the new kit. Students are learning how they can use water more wisely in their schools and at home.
enthusiastically embraced, with 45 of the states 68 councils taking part, as well as more than 3200 householders, 41 businesses and 77 community groups joining to date. If youd like to become part of our WaterWise Community you can visit www.waterforgood.sa.gov.au (Using Water, Waterwise Communities) or call 8463 7028 to register your household, business, community group or school.
WaterWise Communities is a joint initiative of the Department for Water, SA Water and the Local Government Association of South Australia.
www.waterforgood.sa.gov.au
Watering trees in summer when and where?

rees, both fruiting and ornamental, are a valuable asset to have in the garden. But during the summer months, its easy to forget most (but not all) will benefit from an occasional deep soaking. Trees like water in the same position every time. Ideally this is in the shade just
inside a trees drip zone. The drip zone is an imaginary circle on the ground under the tree that corresponds to the outer edge of the leaf canopy. Dont try to wet the entire root area, rather concentrate the water in a defined area and the tree will maintain its root activity
there. A simple way to water in a defined area is using a simple dripper system that is operated when needed during summer. In most years, a deep monthly soaking in summer and early autumn is all that is required. Visit www.sawater.com.au for more garden watering advice.
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Good gardening
What about a career in horticulture?

By SIMONE WIRkUS
very year students come from all over South Australia and often from international countries to study horticulture at the Urrbrae campus of TAFE. The courses provide a balanced combination of both practical and theoretical skills. It is also worth noting that training in horticulture is subsidised and the certificates gained by students are recognised Australia wide. At Urrbrae TAFE, students range in age from 16 to 65 and come from many different backgrounds. Some have a reasonable knowledge of their chosen field of study while others have absolutely none. Many are surprised to find that although they might have struggled to get through High School, when they start studying something that takes their interest, it makes the world of difference and they end up achieving high levels with their qualifications.
While some students choose to study a general horticultural course, others specialise in topics such as turf, irrigation or landscaping. Urrbraes turf qualifications recently opened up a whole new world of opportunity for students who have used their qualifications to gain scholarships in America. America loves our Turfies. Others have gone on to work in some of the worlds most prestigious golf courses including Glen Eagles in Scotland and the Sultan of Bruneis private course. Full time study in horticulture at Urrbrae is spread over three days a week. As an example, a Certificate 3 level might include sessions in the vegetable garden, paving, weed control, propagation, machinery operations, plant and pest identification, soil analysis and botany. However, students are also able to choose the same units but in a part-time model. In this case, some elect to study five days a week or others maybe three hours a week. We are flexible enough to be able to tailor each students study path to suit their needs. The subject range is extensive, covering garden design, aquaculture, as well as conservation and environmental management. The Urrbrae campus of TAFE is situated 10 minutes from the Adelaide CBD. The campus covers just under 100 acres and provides an outstanding opportunity for students to explore and experience potential careers in horticulture. For further information about Urrbrae TAFE horticulture, contact Simone Wirkus phone 8372 6804, simone.wirkus@tafesa.edu.au Or contact staff at TAFE SA Urrbrae, 505 Fullarton Rd, Netherby SA 5062 ph 8372 6838. Simone Wirkus is a Lecturer and Horticultural coordinator at TAFE Centre for Environment, Conservation and Horticulture at Urrbrae Campus, Netherby.
Good gardening
hen chillies are home grown, the choice of taste is yours. And right now, there is a huge range of varieties available with a flavour and a degree of heat to meet the needs of every chilli lover. Growing chillies at home is also a very easy way to add long lasting colour to a sunny spot in the garden, Chilli Ebony Fire as you can now buy your plants fully grown in small containers. Colours range from green through to yellow, orange and even purple, the shapes are long or short, round or thin, while the flavour ranges from sweet and mild to the hottest of hot. Chilli heat is now recognised internationally with each variety having its own heat rating (see numbers in brackets). A rating of seven or higher indicates their heat is extremely high. While chillies are sun lovers, once established they will adapt well to growing indoors, providing the light is bright, such as a kitchen windowsill. On the patio, they will tolerate light shade. When garden grown, chillies need very good drainage but its worth improving the soil first with composted organic matter. For container growing, use a recognised quality potting mix. Established plants purchased now will continue fruiting from December through to late autumn, then depending on where you live, if its warm enough they will survive quite well through the winter months. However, in cold, wet conditions, they may simply fade away. It is possible to prolong the length of fruit production and display by removing fruit that is mature. Alternatively, you can simply leave them there for long lasting colour.
Some like it hot ! W

No heat Sweet Bell peppers or capsicum California Red California Golden Mini Sweet Yellow Banana Mexican Ancho (2) Anaheim (2) Pasilla (3) Cascabel (5) Jalapeno (5) Aji Yellow (7) Serrano (8)
Look for these at your garden centre

Assorted Portugal (4) Cherry (4) Cayenne (4) Hungarian Yellow wax (5) Caysan (5) Yatsufusa (5) Tabasco (6) Bell pepper (6) Caloro (7) Thai Black Prince (5) Thai Bangkok (6) Fiesta (6) Rainbow Thai (9) Zimbabwe Bird (10) Hot Caribbean Red (8) Manzano (8) Red Savina (9) Tepin (9) Pequin (9) Lemon (10) Fatali (10) Habanero Reg (10) Habanero Yellow (10)
Be inspired, discover new ideas
FRESH IDEAS IN OUTDOOR FURNITURE, WATER FEATURES, GARDEN DCOR, WALL ART & GIFTWARE
Thai chillies - colour and taste Thai chillies are currently very popular as they produce a compact bush, plenty of medium sized fruit with a high degree of heat. Recent releases include Ebony Fire (7) Super Hot, eye catching leaves and fruits Tasty Bite Salsa (7) Sweet with brilliant red fruits Tasty Bite Seville (7) Brilliant fruit display maturing to shades of apricot All these are available as established ready to eat plants and ideal for Christmas giving. With so many varieties suitable for gardens now available, we asked Lorraine Thompson from Hillside Herbs, one of the main herb suppliers in SA, to list some of the recommended varieties likely to be available at your local garden centre.
NEW STORE LOCATION 289-291 Cross Road Clarence Gardens SA 5039 Phone: (08) 8293 6990 www.adelaide.thecompletegarden.com.au
TRADING HOURS Monday to Saturday 10am - 5pm Sunday 11am - 4pm
Garden alerts
Whats on
JANUARY
SAs gardening calendar : compiled from the 891ABC gardening noticeboard
7-8 Lilium and Bulb Society of SA Annual Show, Hahndorf Institute, Main St, Hahndorf, (Sat 12 noon-5pm, Sun10am-4.30pm) FEBRUARY 4-5 Cactus and Succulent Society of SA - Noarlunga Show (10am-4pm both days), Witton Lodge Masonic Hall, Dyson Rd, Noarlunga www.csssa.org.au MARCH 24-25 Cactus and Succulent Society of SA - Autumn Show (10am-4pm both days), Enfield Community Centre, 540 Regency Rd, Enfield www.csssa.org.au Waite Arboretum regular walking tours Free guided walks of the Waite Arboretum are held on the first Sunday of
every month from 11 am - 12.30 pm. Meet in front of Urrbrae House, Waite Campus (enter via Fullarton Rd). Botanic Gardens guided walks (walks last 1.5 hours) Adelaide Botanic Garden - leaves Schomburgk Pavilion, 10.30am daily (except Christmas and Good Friday). Mt Lofty Botanic Garden - leaves lower car park, Lampert Rd, Piccadilly, 10.30am every Thursday. Are you running a gardening event? For listing in SA Garden and Outdoor Living, contact Jon Lamb Communications jlcom@chariot.net.au Join Jon Lamb and Ashley Walsh for South Australias top rating talkback gardening program every Saturday morning 8.30 -10 am.
QUIZ TIME
DO YOU KNOW? (Answers at the bottom of the page)
Compiled by Ashley Walsh who presents the 891 ABC Adelaide Toughest Quiz in Town on weekends, Saturday 10.30 am. 2. Which fruit has the highest amount of calories? 3. What is the floral emblem of Switzerland? 4. What do the letters N, P and K represent on the labels of garden fertiliser? 5. Chinese Gooseberries are better known by what name?
1. Cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprouts are all part of which family?
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Payment by cheque payable to Jon Lamb Communications. Or for EFT bank details contact us.
SA Garden & Outdoor Living, 31 King Street, Norwood SA 5067
(08) 8362 5417
jlcom@chariot.net.au
Dig through our past!

Searchable copies of all back issues of SA Garden & Outdoor Living are available online
62 GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / SUMMER 2011 1. Brassica / 2. Avocado / 3. Edelweiss / 4. N = Nitrogen, P = Phosphorus, K = Potassium / 5. Kiwi Fruit
Quiz answers
TRADE DIRECTORY
Nursery and Garden Industry SA members

www.ngisa.com.au
Akers Of Lawn Augusta Garden Centre Barossa Mitre 10 Barossa Nursery Barrow and Bench, Malvern Barrow and Bench, Glenunga Cleveland Nursery Conboys Nurseries Pty Ltd Corporate Roses Pty Ltd Daisy Patch Nursery Garden Grove Supplies Glynde Mitre 10 Solutions Heynes Garden Centre Hutchisons Nursery Kallinyalla Nurseries Littlehampton Nursery Mr Bs Garden Care Manor Nurseries Morgan Park Garden Centre McCourts Garden Centre Misty Creek Garden Centre Munns And More Munns Instant Lawn 578 States Rd, Onkaparinga Hills Lot 102 Stuart Highway, Pt Augusta 7 Gawler Street, Nuriootpa Barossa Valley Way, Nuriootpa 321 Unley Rd, Malvern 499 Portrush Rd, Glenunga 91 Mt Barker Rd, Stirling Millicent Rd, Mount Gambier 81 Main South Rd, Myponga 1 George Tce, Coonalpyn 1150 Golden Grove Rd, Golden Grove 8 Glynburn Rd, Hectorville 283 The Parade, Beulah Park 72 Stewart Tce, Naracoorte 10 Shaen Street, Port Lincoln 67 Main Rd, Littlehampton 22 Goodwin Court, Para Hills The Old Mill, Oakbank 66 Welch Rd, Victor Harbor 48 Davenport St, Millicent 9 Victoria Crescent, Mt Barker 700 South Rd, Glandore 356 Brighton Rd, Hove 8326 3255 8642 4022 8568 6005 8562 2288 8272 8566 8379 9866 8339 1595 8725 3301 8558 6055 8571 1172 8251 1111 8337 2344 8332 2933 8762 3566 8682 2725 8391 0022 8281 1808 8389 7744 8552 7866 8733 4566 8391 5329 8297 7277 8298 0555 Newmans Nursery and The Topiary Caf Norwood Garden Centre Perrys Fruit & Nut Nursery Plant Growers of Sunraysia Protea World Semaphore Garden Shop State Flora Belair The Conservatory Garden and Home The Earth Works The Flower Garden (SA) The Oasis Nursery & Giftware The Plant People SA Vadoulis Garden Centre Valley Nursery Virginia Nursery Wealdview Gardens Fuchsia Nursery Wild Mulberry Garden Centre Yankalilla Landscaping & G/C Yorkreation Garden Centre
Denotes Accredited Garden Centre
North East Rd, Tea Tree Gully 299 Portrush Rd, Norwood Kangarilla Rd, Mclaren Flat 635 Fifteenth St, Mildura Vic Yundi & Victor Harbor Rd, Yundi 119 Semaphore Rd, Semaphore Belair National Park, Belair 80 Unley Rd, Unley Old Sturt Highway, Berri Shakes Rd, Nairne 31 Homburg Tce, Pinnaroo Main Rd, Gumeracha 554 Main North Rd, Gawler Lot 4 Mt Barker Rd, Mount Barker Gawler Rd, Virginia Main Rd, Ashton 117 Park Tce, Bordertown 184 Main Rd, Yankalilla 14 Third St, Minlaton
8264 2661 8431 5644 8383 0268 (03) 5022 0345 8556 0274 8341 5915 8278 7777 8272 9657 8582 3775 8388 6126 8577 8646 8389 1393 8522 3400 8391 1038 8380 9560 8390 1223 8752 2722 8558 2461 8853 2844
Landscape Association of SA members

www.landscapesa.com.au
A Room With A View Garden Design, Maylands, 8362 8442, 0407 676 080 Accent Landscapes, Upper Sturt, 8370 9057, 0416 051 682 Adelaide Garden Design, Inglewood, 8380 5204 Adelaide Innovative Landscaping, Glynde, 8165 0344, 0411 709 301 Airedale Landscapes, Crafers West, 8339 8118, 0438 817 588 Amy Baggs, Echunga, 8388 8076 Anston Paving Stones, Clayton, Vic, 1300 788 694, Ambleside Gardens, Verdun, 8388 4833, 0414639079 Baileys Fertilisers, Camden Park, 9439 1688, 0488 143 252 Barossa Quarries, Angaston, 8564 2227, 0418 839 366 Bellevue Lawn & Garden, Clovelly Park, 8277 9614, 0408 817 971 Beryl Bredon Landscape Design, Kensington, 8361 3702, 0411 694 215 Best Masonry Bricks and Pavers, Kent Town, 1300 076 468 Blue Gum Garden Design, Echunga, 8388 8076, 0401503085 Boral Industries, Ingle Farm Brown 2 Green Garden Design, Henley Beach, 0403 048 100 Caroline Dawes Gardens, Broadview, 8344 6873, 0403 011 866 Carolyn Corletto, Henley Beach South, 8355 2225, 0408 008 011 Cinco Gardens, Mount Barker, 8391 4912, 0403 688 261 City Of Burnside, Glenside, 8366 4252 City of Onkaparinga, Noarlunga Centre 8384 0164, 0423 710 14 Civil Train SA, Dry Creek, 8262 8066 Climate Change Landscape & Design, Flagstaff Hill, 8358 6598, 0433 777 465 Connolly, J, Beaumont, 0422 978 732 Customstone SA, Elizabeth South, 8252 9633, 0408 832 662 David Baptiste Garden Design, North Adelaide, 8267 6633, 0418 845 054 Dig It Landscapes, Thebarton, 8352 6589, 0402 798 571 Distinct Landscaping & Concreting, Campbelltown, 0402 292 307 Exterior Concepts, Highbury,8396 3333, 0412 533 003 Form Landscape Design, Stirling, 8339 7902, 0411 227 582 Garden Art Design, Everard Park, 8371 1522, 0412 147 482 Garden Culture, Mile End, 8234 5945, 0414 234 594 Garden Grove Supplies, Golden Grove, 8251 1111 Gardens at Night, Kent Town, 8362 9522, 0438 565 015 Gardens Australis, West Beach, 8353 0990, 0419 037 345 Gardens for Living, Seaton, 8353 6781, 0422 085 162 GLG Greenlife Group, Clarence Gardens, 8351 4400, 0413 155 981 Great Southern Landscape Supplies, Old Noarlunga, 8327 1800, 0431 612 194 Green Star Design Studio, Dulwich, 0424 148 422 Gullyscapes, Modbury Heights, 8263 2129, 0407 716 386 Gumleaf Gardens, Windsor Gardens, 82611600, 0402 845 928 Hailstone Landscaping, Crafers, 8339 4811, 0418 822 212 Harris & Noonan, North Plympton, 8294 2694, 0438 330 320 Henrietta Wighton Garden Design, Tusmore, 0438824815 Hicks Instant Turf, Para Hills West, 8258 2488 Jeffries, Rosewater East, 8368 3555 Kerrie Griffin-Moore Garden Design, Stirling, 8339 8518, 0417 820 715 Land Sculpture, Greenwith, 8380 5166, 0418 825 257 Landscape Construction Services, Largs North, 8249 9799, 0418 807 101 Landscape Environs, Norwood, 8363 6774, 0419 000 998 Landscape Techniques, Londsdale, 0402788133 Landscaping Ideas & Design Centre, Parkside, 0433324602 Le Capitain Fisheries, Hove, 0413 945 749, 0418 527 120 Metro Pavers, Hillbank, 8252 5873, 0418 847 603 Mr Bs Landscaping & Garden Care, Para Hills, 8281 1808, 0417 806 904 Ms Landscaping, Beverly, 8445 2310, 0415 350 548 Muirhead, A, North Brighton, 8358 1486, 0411 024 680 Munns Instant Lawn, Hove, 8298 0555 Nangare Design, Crafers, 8339 2284, 0411 267 841 Neighbour Labour New Landscapes, Kent Town, 8362 0129, 0419 627 372 Netafim Australia, North Adelaide, 8267 4222, 0407 501 527 New Eden Garden Design, Mitcham, 0408 836 886 Newtons Landscaping & Building Supplies, Newton, 8415 7706 Outside Ideas, Adelaide, 8359 2276, 0416 049 930 Paul Jackson Gardens, Stepney, 8265 4968, 0413 008 439 Peats Soils & Garden Supplies, Willunga, 8556 5295, 0419 310 441 Piccadilly Landscapes, Fullarton, 8364 3144, 0412 818 967 Plantmark, Dry Creek, 8258 5000, 0409 544 033 Plot Works, Woodside, 8389 9247 Pro Ag Consulting, Norwood, 8332 0199, 0417 925 824 Reece Irrigation, Adelaide, 8231 2888 Resource Co Pty Ltd, Wingfield, 83473329 Riverland Creative Gardens, Loxton, 8584 4883, 0417 859 232 Somerset Landscaping, Edwardstown, 8297 7295, 0418 830 906 Summit Projects & Construction, Stirling, 8390 0148, 0411 709 302 Superlawn SA, Salisbury North, 1300 379 880 Susan Steer Garden Design, Summertown, 8390 3491, 0427 241 247 TAFE Horticultural Centre, Netherby, 8372 6800, 0412 199 377 Tookoo Landscape Design, Greenock, 8562 8365, 0403 834 420 Top Cat Landscaping Services, Mawson Lakes, 8260 5569, 0412 445 732 Visual Landscape Gardening, Surrey Downs, 8251 5239, 0417 863 159 Waterpro, Stepney, 8363 6050, 0407 546 660 Wax Design, Rose Park, 8463 0886, 0403 951 845 Wholesale Plants & Products, Dry Creek, 8262 7787, 0412 698 881 Wilson & Co Landscaping, Wingfield, 8359 1997, 0403 333 767 WJB Sustainable Landscapes, Roseworthy, 8524 8501, 0428 877 558 World of Pebble & Chips, Salisbury Down, 0410 124 942 Your Plant Source, Munno Para Downs, 0414 749 917

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