CHICKENPOX

I. Synonym (varicella) II. Definition It is an acute and highly contagious disease of viral etiology that is characterized by vesicular eruptions on the skin and mucous membrane with mild constitutional symptoms. III. Etiologic agent Herpesvirus varicellae- a DNAcontaining virus 1. Human beings are the only source of infection. 2. This is closely related or identical to herpes zoster virus. IV. Mode of Transmission 1. Direct contact that sheds the virus from the vesicles. 2. Indirect contact, trough linens or fomites. 3. Airborne, or spread by aerosolized droplets from the nasopharyx of ill individuals. 4. High viral titers are found in the vesicles of chickenpox; thus, viral transmission may also occur through direct contact with these vesicles, although the risk is lower. 5. Following primary infection there is usually lifelong protective immunity from further episodes of chickenpox. V. Incubation Period The incubation period is 10-21 days or may be prolonged after passive immunization against chickenpox. VIII. Diagnostic Procedure Blood and laboratory tests to identify the varicella zoster virus (VZV). IX. Drug of choice 1. Oral Acyclovir 800mg 3x/day for five days must also be given. 2. Oral antihistamine can be taken to symptomatic pruritus. 3. Calamine lotion eases itchiness. 4. Antipyretic might be given for fever. X. Immunization Chickenpox (Varicella) vaccine XI. Prevent and control 1. Active immunization with live, attenuated varicella vaccine is necessary. 2. Avoid exposure as much as possible to infected persons. 3. Patients must be isolated to avoid transmission of organism to other members of the family. XII. Nursing Management 1. Respiratory isolation is a must until all vehicles have crusted. VI. Signs and Symptoms 1. 2. 3. 4. Fever Headache Sore throat Chicken pox rash after the first symptoms appear.

VII. Pathognomonic sign Vesiculopapular lesions.

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2. Prevent secondary infection of the skin lesions through hygienic care of the patient. 3. Attention should be given to nasopharyngeal secretions and discharges. Linens must be disinfected under the sunlight or through boiling. 4. Cut fingernails short and wash hands more often to minimize bacterial infections that may be introduced by scratching. 5. A child must wear mittens. 6. Provide activities to keep child occupied to lessen pruritus. 7. Observe oral and nasal care as rashes may appear in the buccal cavity. XIII. Possible Nursing Diagnosis 1. Hyperthermia related to viral infection

SUBMITTED BY: ABO-ABO, JAIME JOYCE DARLENE M. Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, Cabuyao City SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Armando A. delos Santos RN, MAN. (Clinical Instructor)

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