TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF VISCOSITY OFLUBRICATING OIL BY REDWOOD VISCOMETER Expt No :Date :AIM: To determine the kinematic viscosity of a given

oil at different temperatures using capillaryviscometer. APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Capillary viscometer

Constant temperature water bath

Stop watch. BRIEF THEORY OF THE EXPERIMENT: Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by shear stress.Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluidfriction All real fluids (except superfluids) have some resistance to stress and therefore are viscous,but a fluid which has no resistance to shear stress is known as an ideal fluid or inviscid fluid. Aviscometer (also called viscosimeter) is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. Forliquids with viscosities which vary with flow conditions, an instrument called a rheometer is used.These instruments are used for determining the viscosity of all oils, expressed in RedwoodSeconds at the temp. of test. Both the types of viscometers, Redwood no. 1 and Redwood no. 2,electrical heating models are available. The viscometers consists of a heavily silver plated brass oilcup with a precision stainless steel jet assembled in a chromium plated both fitted with a heating tubeor heating element and drain cock. The bath and cup assembly is mounted on a stand with levelingfeet. Redwood no.1 viscometer is used for all oils having viscosity not more than 2000 sec at the testtemperature. Redwood no.2 viscometer, is used for those oils, the viscosity of which exceeds 2000sec.

PROCEDURE: 1.

Take the required amount of oil sample.2.

Pass the sample through the filter in order to remove the dust particles and store it in a glassbottle.3.

Select a suitable capillary viscometer and clean with suitable solvent.4.

Transfer 15ml of filtered oil sample into the reservoir through the filling tube.5.

Hang the viscometer into the constant temperature bath.6.

Apply vacuum to the venting tube for filling oil to the reference level vessel, the capillarytube, the measuring sphere and the pre run sphere.7.

Discontinue suction in order to open the venting tube.8.

Measure the flow time from upper timing mark to lower timing mark.9.

Calculate the kinematic viscosity using the formula. CALCULATIONS1.

Where ,

= density of given oil

= a constantT= temperature 2.

( )

Where ,A and B are constantT= time taken to collect 50 ml in seconds 3.

( )

RESULT: The kinematic viscosity of the given sample oil is = Centistokes

INFERENCE: Viscosity decreases with increase in temperature.The curves obtained follow almost a linear pattern with slight decrease in slope with increase intemperature (i.e. rate of decrease of viscosity with temperature).Both the viscosity and rate of decrease of viscosity with temperature (i.e. slope) were very high forcotton seed oil as compared to diesel oil. REVIEW QUESTIONS 1.

What is turbulent viscosity?2.

What is meant by hydrodynamic boundary layer?3.

How is coefficient of viscosity defined?4.

What is dynamic viscosity?5.

What is the effect of temperature on viscosity on liquids? What about gases?6.

What is the difference between adhesive and cohesive force?7.

What is meant by no slip condition8.

What is meant by Newtonian fluids?9.

What is rheology?10.

What is the physical significance of Nusselt number?

OBSERVATION TABLE: Oil Sample: Viscometer type: Sl. No.

Temperature

( o C)

Time

(Sec)

Viscosity

(Centistokes)