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Exercise 4.5 (Solutions)

Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
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Homogenous 2nd Degree Equation Every homogenous second degree equation ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 represents straight lines through the origin. Consider the equations are y = m1 x and y = m2 x m1 x y = 0 and m2 x y = 0 Taking product ( m1x y )( m2 x y ) = 0

m1m2 x 2 m1xy m2 xy + y 2 = 0 m1m2 x 2 ( m1 + m2 ) xy + y 2 = 0 . (i) Also we have ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 a 2 2h x + xy + y 2 = 0 ing by b b b a 2 2h x xy + y 2 = 0 b b Comparing it with (i ) , we have
a 2h and m1 + m2 = b b Let be the angles between the lines then m1 m2 tan = 1 + m1m2 m1m2 = = =

( m1 m2 )
1 + m1m2

2 m12 + m2 2m1m2 1 + m1m1

2 m12 + m2 + 2m1m2 4m1m2 1 + m1m1

( m1 + m2 )

4m1m2 1 + m1m1 4h 2 4ab b2 b+a b

a 2h b 4b a 1+ b 4 h 2 ab b+a

tan =

4h 2 4a b b2 a 1+ b

2 h 2 ab tan = a+b

Question # 1 10 x 2 23xy 5 y 2 = 0 (i)

10 x 2 25xy + 2 xy 5 y 2 = 0 5 x ( 2 x 5 y ) + y ( 2 x 5 y ) = 0 ( 2 x 5 y )( 5 x + y ) = 0 2 x 5 y = 0 and 5 x + y = 0 are the required lines. Comparing eq. (i) with ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0

FSC-II / Ex. 4.5 - 2

So

a = 10

2h = 23 h =

Let be angle between lines then 2 h 2 ab tan = a+b

23 2

b = 5

23 529 2 (10)(5) 2 + 50 2 4 = = 10 5 5 2 27 2 729 27 2 4 = = = 5 5 5 27 = tan 1 = 79o31 5 Hence acute angle between the lines = 79o31

( )

Question # 2 & 3

Do yourself as above

Question # 4 2 x 2 + 3xy 5 y 2 = 0 (i) 2 x 2 + 5 xy 2 xy 5 y 2 = 0 x ( 2 x + 5 y ) y ( 2x + 5 y ) = 0 ( 2 x + 5 y )( x y ) = 0 2 x + 5 y = 0 and x y = 0 are the required lines. Comparing eq. (i) with ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 3 a = 2 , 2h = 3 h = , b = 5 2 Let be angle between lines then 2 h 2 ab tan = a+b 3 9 2 (2)(5) 2 + 10 2 4 = = 25 3 2 7 2 49 7 2 4 = = = 3 3 3 7 tan = 3 7 tan (180 ) = Q tan(180 ) = tan 3 7 180 = tan 1 180 = 66o 48 3 = 180 66o 48 = 113o12
2

( )

Hence acute angle between the lines

Question # 5

= 180 113o12 = 66o 48

Do yourself as above

FSC-II / Ex. 4.5 - 3

Question # 6 x 2 + 2 xy sec + y 2 = 0 . (i)

ing by y 2
x 2 2 xy sec y 2 + + 2 = 0 y2 y2 y x x + 2sec y + 1 = 0 y x This is quadric equation in with a = 1 , b = 2sec , c = 1 y 2sec x = y
2

( 2sec )2 4(1)(1)
2(1) = 2sec 4 sec 2 1 2

2sec 4sec 2 4 = 2(1) 2sec 4 tan 2 2 2sec 2 tan = 2 = x = sec tan y 1 sin = = cos cos x 1 + sin = and y cos x cos = ( 1 + sin ) y

Q 1 + tan 2 = sec 2

1 sin cos x 1 sin = y cos and x cos = ( 1 sin ) y x cos ( 1 + sin ) y = 0 and x cos ( 1 sin ) y = 0 x cos + (1 sin ) y = 0 and x cos + (1 + sin ) y = 0 are required equations of lines. Now comparing (i) with ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 a = 1 , 2h = 2sec h = sec , b = 1b If is angle between lines then
2 h 2 ab a+b 2 sec 2 (1)(1) 2 sec 2 1 = = 1+1 2 tan = tan = tan = Question # 7 x 2 2 xy tan y 2 = 0 Given: Suppose m1 and m2 are slopes of given lines then 2h m1 + m2 = b 2 tan = 1 m1 + m2 = 2 tan a 1 & m1m2 = = m1m2 = 1 b 1

tan 2

a =1 , 2h = 2 tan h = tan b = 1

FSC-II / Ex. 4.5 - 4

Now slopes of lines ar to given lines are 1 x & m1 m1 y = x & x + m1 y = 0 & Their joint equation: ( x + m1 y )( x + m2 y ) y = y =

1 1 and , then their equations are m1 m2 (Passing through origin)

1 x m2 m2 y = x x + m2 y = 0

x 2 + ( m1 + m2 ) xy + m1m2 y 2 = 0 x 2 + ( 2 tan ) xy + (1) y 2 = 0 x 2 2 xy tan y 2 = 0

= 0

Question # 8 Given: ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 Suppose m1 and m2 are slopes of given lines then 2h a m1 + m2 = & m1m2 = b b 1 1 and , then their equations are Now slopes of lines ar to given lines are m1 m2 1 1 & (Passing through origin) y = x y = x m1 m2 m1 y = x & m2 y = x x + m1 y = 0 & x + m2 y = 0 Their joint equation: ( x + m1 y )( x + m2 y ) = 0

x 2 + ( m1 + m2 ) xy + m1m2 y 2 = 0
2h a x 2 + xy + y 2 = 0 b b bx 2 2hxy + ay 2 = 0

Question # 9 10 x 2 xy 21y 2 = 0

x + y +1= 0

10 x 2 15 xy + 14 xy 21y 2 = 0 5x ( 2 x 3 y ) + 7 y ( 2 x 3 y ) = 0 ( 2 x 3 y )( 5 x + 7 y ) = 0 2 x 3 y = 0 or 5x + 7 y = 0 So we have equation of lines l1 : 2 x 3 y = 0 .. (i) l2 : 5 x + 7 y = 0 . (ii) l3 : x + y + 1 = 0 (iii) Now do yourself as Q # 14 (Ex. 4.4)
Error Analyst Muhammad Tayyab Riaz (2009-10) Pakistan International School Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.