ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

Diagram shows the picture of an industrial site and a town nearby.

a) i) Based on the picture, explain how human activities can cause air pollution in the area. (4 marks) i i) What are the harmful effects of air pollution on man and the natural environment (8 marks) b) What is recycling? Explain how recycling paper helps to concervs the environment. (8 marks) ANSWER essei Question a) i) Industrial site: - Burning of coal and oil in factories produces sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, dust [ 1 m ] and durt. - Factories that manufactured cement and wood produce a lot of smoke, dust and [1m] dirt. Town: - Open burning of garbage in the residential areas produces carbon dioxide, smoke and soot. - Burning of fuel at home produces carbon dioxide, smoke and soot. - Motor vehicles emit poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, lead particles , smoke and dust. [1m] [1m] [1m] Max : 4 m

ii) - Sulphur dioxude, nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide cause acid rain. - which destroys buildings, sculpture of stone and vehicles - Acid rain reduces the pH of soil and causes the dying of plants - Carbon monoxide combines readily with haemoglobin and reduces the amount of oxygen in the body

[1m] [1m] [1m] [1m]

- Smoke, dust and soot cause haze that irritates the eyes - Smoke , dust and soot make the building becomes dirty - Hydrocarbon affects growth and causes cancer - Lead particles cause retardation of mental development b) Recycling means - to treat used materials - to make them suitable to be used Recycling of paper: Trees are cut down to make wood pulp which is then used to make paper Recycling paper saves trees from being cut down and conserve the worlds vanishing forest Paper like newspaper, paper bags and cardboard boxes could be recycleed Paper can be burnt to produce energy for domestic purposes Thus, recycling paper helps to conserve natural resources, reduce waste pollution and save energy.

[1m] [1m] [1m] [1m] 8 marks [2m]

[1m] [1m] [1m] [1m] [1m] [1m] 8 marks

Question 2 A paddy field area is developed into an industrial area as shown in Diagram 4. Kawasan sawah padi dibangunkan menjadi kawasan perindustrian seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 4.

Diagram 4 Discuss the good and the bad social, economic and environmental effects of this development. Bincangkan kesan baik dan kesan buruk sosial, ekonomi dan persekitaran akibat

pembangunan ini. b)(i) Describe the formation of greenhouse effect. Huraikan pembentukan kesan rumah hijau.

[10 marks]

[5 marks] (ii) Explain the effect of the phenomenon in (b)(i) to living things and ecosystem. Terangkan kesan fenomena di (b)(i) terhadap kehidupan dan ekosistem. [5 marks] ANSWER Question 4 Question Marking criteria 4 (a) Able to explain the good and bad effects correctly Good Effect (G) G1: Provides job opportunity G2: Provides infrastructure basic needs G3: Provides better living condition/ convenient place for settlement G4: Convenient transport system - Independent G and P Bad Effect (B) B1: Area/ paddy field exposed to land reclamation B2: Habitat for flora/ fauna/ paddy field are destroyed B3: Air/ water/ thermal/ sound pollution B4: Increase population in the area Independent B and P (b) Answer Explanation (P) P5: During heavy rain, soil particles are washed away to the river/ water source leads to muddy flood/leaching P6: Extinction of flora/ fauna in the area// less agricultural productivity in the area P7: Due to the release of pollutants into the environments// causes diseases/ bronchitis/ asthmatic/ stress// leads to decrease in health quality P8: Leads to social problems Explanation (P) P1: Improve economic status P2: Build up schools/ clinics to upgrade quality/ better opportunity in education P3: Have good sanitation system/ hygienic water supply/ better electric supply P4: Faster transportation/ save time to move from one place to another

Marks

Any 5

Any 5

The formation of Greenhouse effect caused by; P1 - Solar radiation penetrate earth atmosphere and warm the Earth surface P2 - Part of heat energy is reflected back by Earth surface to atmosphere in the form of infrared radiation / light P3 - Heat energy that are reflected back is trapped by greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, methane and CFC) P4 - Human activities such as combustion of fossil fuel by factories and

1 1 1

vehicles increase the amount of greenhouse gases P5 - Higher concentration of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere course more reflected energy being absorbed / trapped P6 - This will increase the Earth temperature / cause global warming
Answer

1 1 1
Max 5

Effect of greenhouse effect on living things and ecosystem; P1 - Increase of carbon dioxide in atmosphere / temperature of Earth will increase the rate of photosynthesis / agriculture yield P2 - Global warming / increase in earth temperature will accelerate evaporation of water / reduce soil humidity P3 - Climatic change / changes in wind direction / changes in distribution of rainfall bring about storm / drought / flood P4 - Melting of ice in north and south poles increase sea level and cause flooding of low level areas P5 - Yield of crop / domestic animal reduced P6 Mass destruction of animals habitat result in the animal emigration P7 reduces of animal population
TOTAL MARKS

1 1 1 1 1 1
1

Max 5 20