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1D . u' S rotrv tu"' jc oonum.ns !o hck, A'd $' bdnEd Th" ut bcNm Bo ho'riflin8 mvrhs' btN"n "*'2d rhc Mc,lBr rnd rh.,b)$ Tlt *uuld bc 'noL3h huc!in3 ro d h!lf rht 'r -orld minq on. For rh. lhrlologe'nr -wrh us, r"d it! nrl*:nr' ngcntrms 'h' urd pr' k'ns, rn.hord r th. d4mr ol dndrrcn .'n'v rhing:th.Y r!t hr(ntci:ng.d, Corn8 in? lor rdhiyt Ld 'hcpi6B r'mbr''I't b ,hov d.m our *tbr Too bd lo.rh.mif'h.v l:ll'ptn upond'<d(' nothd or thn *-, i ." ,t'"' *.'h' ". I d;enr hrv. on. BDri,nttt'i'r? F h' @F wotlr bc. in I rh.n? Wouldtrl 'h. thr th'v-hrc rat lrurh, rhr *m.' '*'rtd' ih' Siftil (r th' s"o( \ orlv b nop lisknins '6 rou JRs. mc.) Iot hntor, ro (hrns' ni mdn'ns' !'( b lool n rh. M'dsr *dishtonb / onlv hN. { h- And +.r notd.adlv Sh.\ bc:utilul ind !h'! rhudi ns, i.u sv ftn rhtrc rh.l'mrn'n' s* Th'l' b'd'r' rhrn6'do(h 'nd |ha-n{d t.min'nnt b b' 8ocirrc'l wirh 'k:L\: h'm' grv6 rh.m r h'd oillo r! rh. nred 'hn (1".. incy ned ro bc rli d of s lror rt d' ftmbltnr Pc6.u5.s mo\ing b:ck btcr!lNor:norher lvlnlo{lv <l:d in &kops minut rolcs. Lls gd out oI b'tc' !d! hrry: th. (ontimni is nor impmflEdv on' dry bcn th{( olEn.l sac.nard drl.l\. b dn inrolcrn Ccnd lt*rsin ro'p'rl'r'br'r' H. h com. th...lcd bv hit J.ih Th'r' ar' so'm nc. {a[ rd Lw) *bo d.nt a{r'id of Gminini+ Alno( d.rlthin8is Ft io b' w'n'n trt wod'n rbour LnnxnirY: :bour .k {t inin,E :nJ mb'k (ompl.iiq ubout 6tn.{o! drlion- tudd.n tom o .l r ' d$iin bui imm.6; aE2 oftld bodni nd 'boui !u'I r dnk lbout rboui th.,dv.no'.o(!u(h.nd k,F, dssnss, nuds6. tbrupr 'ndsBdurr 'wrx_ .ning\ dBcoEns or i zon' r o w'6 A mm:n3bdl rnd fon ro b.,otrhi8hr' bv iLd-{znd .na oM tlr6hol& o{ ardor-onc'' rmahing yols and.e*otq sltr l6-it iiticulrc ( In fi. proluion of m.rninss d2i rrn rhotrsn lskid'd tnBti:6 kln lor $. lt.ellin A"k'bns FFrcI r, n,.d. flrl lrnn rql3r' r' 'r 'il.rtr c<m', todf4 /dr'r ;.lt Plblish.at lA4 th' pn'

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Fon riflv {t)Th:r n R thmu8h isnonnarh'r rrddt.crit'B,rnd wrikEolboth e\'! hc!rrt rn Po*ibilirv nr 'h' p'iF :Jd otd.nt oudlllt$. ..n.c ot: dBtind'on b.Ncn k oliN *ritins lr w'llrurllr b' ti'l thu3 'lsPoe wrrrn& ro !nro{ tctu!ldrf.'.M:.nh.r 'hrr 'tr n kmiiirct r' m' th' r mrdrri^. ,; d,; v.R.h-but r omd o th. ed' thins-rhj rh' r( oasi$ns i! .quivrt?$ ro m'r(lin' mtub'' hren od wnBos non (rnd rc$c s6rn -ho r orEr *nir)i o' thri $ritinB i .*tir. *t'rt',g:,n aoc,",r *'rh difi'rcntDr'on' rh! To mn dr qndnE tr t(cn.lv ftrlinEln) inrp.cri4 rh. Po6t or rhr !rm':no undo 'n-b.Nc., githou( efi($ no in8onlit' of th. oth.r in.th. rorl ol d.rh-'o tdmn thB u nd ro onc ol rlt -rnr so, s wdl n bdh' 'h' 'ns'mbl' 'h; rnd'h.olh.r, not 6t.din kqu'n(6d$ug8krm .rpukion or omc oih?r lorm ol 'l'rrh bur 'nnntdv prcc6! d dytum'td by rn -'r'n:ngc 'n(6em Pdd! d dd(dt Gomod $bi to,ndh.i ^ rubidB lno*rg on. rnorh.i lnd b'8'nnmg on' lnd onh from rh. living bou'dino al 'nolhd tlE orh.ri I m!l"Pl. rnd inah:usnbhmw$ith n'll'on! ol .n.ount.B rnd iirnirormnioni oi rh' orhd td into thl in_brN'n' lom eh.into.hr whi.h *om,n trt6 h.r loims (

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""fil*"---,.,n '..n".'cmrn-wi6'ock' {:ndin!dRt in hi! old fr.uLlun Rrl'n' in th' lav r h :i,r o - r r lc,h ! 6 sdr.bx} b'h' poi 'h'(l i n_ ir ":n'*''- bc?n' pra ruBris it.on(pru'lizig ;nd n in rltr rlndurrv ol th. phrllos (Ql !h'r l,.l! ftcn'3tmbolic r.rcd fro'n .,nrdrc,! Lh. r*d5 of dnor'ld' cxirB, n hol,! pow.r-w ldd n onlvrm $dl But w rr. in no wrv obrS'd d.pd( our l,vc! th.r' banL!otl:cr' 'o @-n_ 'n 'o on*runon of th. 5lbiEr i' r'mt or r ldflh. ddnr nn,slinEl/ r.n.3.d, to Finsn. '33r :nd :s!in th. rclison of rh. lrth.i BE'u' "' dont don" f,"n mund rh"upEnr nor' ":"rl}t*V. b V. h2v. no soh.nly r.$on $ Pl.d8. '[hnc' thc n.Btiv.. TI. f.ninin. (* thc po'B susFcGd) qrvine Ult'r' dtm; ', . . Aid y.i" ev! Motlv' of b.yond .nt 6ook dnd bw.d tl' n'w witin3i
Th. D'th Conti/nt h 4.itt.t ddth nor '/a" ir nill u.dplond onlv b'uu* w v' \ t/o',b/.,-lt rd n Fs bo drrk io b' I ie. n:dc b b.lid. 'x_ b ru!' utb'lidt I .bhbl. Andbccrurth.vrr l,;d whit. conrincn'.wth inr.ft.3 ur i3 "ht 'h. 'k. ht44- t'd|. t'.j, I 'Ik hn *ord d{lrrc lotR! uryrq 16r

umt bdrthri hit o'hd hRrcry) ldsrim-bi!.ru:I. h.na n?ur'r" l1m xl?iiin8 - rt'. cl*lt concPtiano{ bsdurliry' whid' . lro '| lsouih.d unds th..nbl.m ore{Htiod kr 'nd I ld;" *i'h rh. hn-t ol \oi'l bcin8('hou8h ' N,v qith th' h,l*t. *-ld do I l-.!"*d .P.hiron 'ndrrns ..F,n"-d ', ldi(.-... "i*. " ". I los, x th?m:ik ol drad.d F(irir Y *lr{d:.in& E.r3d r/P' b'sruFv ! To qnr'r 'hii f *hrh wuld (onjurcrw:v ottrrhon oh' I shop(t uph Bisn :"b nd ul*r it c nh' i' ' ( d' l ,.d *.. sh.n,h.oddr.r. so th. o'h.'), I opp* th' otha I'K'u'titv I on.; m rnc hlr I on "hrh .Er[ sbr( nd .rclo*d ll A.ru ot Dhnlocntnc h'''L.i.ori. un".* BE xu'lir':6r n' I lound.d \ .rch d.s lerion in <ll l'1Ptt4?.d.ol ot rh. 6:nif.t(:nd i nr.n' trerd' ' I or6.(runosly (rc' \ ro c"chpt*on, m,l. or l''rl'-o{bo$ \ -r rc;".lujon dds ot rh.d's.i.na n'oloica!, ot multiplionon "&lf_p?mkson." I tn4 {ren 'hr rh..d. cbu rtfi.r* riph on old6n' oY"illp' t u I oy body.nd th. dhs bodY Lof

oltlt;cul'udandrh'nrc wHrnrh.'!.Prsc,l d6hnv" fs r.{Plnrive .i.ry (rm., 'dtrv nae na (rurn, *rh I for' n'B vd unr'rs'o m,h. md' IshddFs or sppr6'on' riiqEJ for"h(n rh. P l ,rl l ' (p.nod' om6b' n' n4Mmn lnl h:v hen athd rni'h'lt'd or bodc up rch? h'rhdr :nd do* riokn' inoid hr'lilcd it dErmt' ;oushou h.' hsror). 'h.] ,iknc6' rphodc in in bod'6 ttlousn 'n 'nuFd) dols i silirvt: ktBthrv" a"a*nhsu(h lo(. in 'hcn {u1l o thar in@m!nrbl' inidit -,l..Hbil,b. rh!v hnmr sbl'm{dt ih'rr' rtrcd Fortomtclv, ,hn kr. th.r .n.rsv. Thq h'r$t mrrcd :r tud6 ol l"ct liqu'd{ins rhc -nhour 'mpxs 1];- h,* frro*lv inhrbkd rh'k 'umPbout boJ;8. idmtrrblc hlns'c rho mid' FEud.tu+ m m"dy rclsPtuuF nommr rFpo"br' rc cdmh onf6s, bomb*dms hn [b$ic n:to' Ms Ino' .iinrl :nd Dreonr. bod) sor&. h:unnng n'n e th.n imudibl. anathund'ins d'nun'itriont' dazrins, moG th nald und'

q!"rol ot nl.nri6a'ion dds.t 6cu ihr s'll !uc'usb' dls ol ho<ldry Tl.sewho, wnl Mrrl( Itf. h3yc n Io rh. wo.n.6, io d,scunm 'ntr" rll. bodn ilve ins.rjbtd $e v.tu' th' r?v jid ns obscsion snh ho* o .i . lGtod vhic! G sprungliLc ' 'loDind' hov n {orLC i'ordero iLinsr work-lnorins and tom brln'n{irni L'r v' whol.historyofh ''m,!. n wor!." For D5ri. poinr is not ro kk' tor .i.ty, at. ti. woo.n, !h. runPli' se$ion in order o inr.rn.liz. or m'niPtrlat' bur o{ rrt . sho con. 4 loftb.rs n*s io dAh rhroushandro"0Y "' w'll tv'r b( lh' inktrubFcnv. r.huan rhohio tl!'nq s womrn! 8ertor.-nvin8 in hnsu'3' em.. You, Dod,'r Youlh.inLl!'nn:bk rh' P^d( or rrv rnd m:l'nB tr fly.w. hI. all l.rrd misii$' 'hcrrr bod( vou ri. thc n. (''k in .!d ns num:rous Idhniqu.ri tdi ccalnts long )oDr cmdorv *Lll & ftn r s.Ior *ivc b*n:bh ro pos*s unvrhinsonlvbv lltiis; *b.n ,anr ,PFch n to longe. nr we'v?liv.din{ighi,*."linC,w,v,6'din3,}hsd' bur sniien our ovr' b*an, smd in r*in*yolr hiJde n(d. n:rd* prsgN.ta 1si!$ d'. odcr' no t.Lden hr o/.r h* r doubl' mdn'n3 'hr flr 6olt -N{o.c so t!,n Nsi who a'd co:r'd Io_ ,nd rh.5 rhtuss o' rh' r .Lvs on .:.h ol su.cds. lo$ird suhlimadof, roben ;rd si.! 'h.m somd hk':h( ra;iB ol*se. h! no,d'dsc body, hene noa wtirins- ror 2 .t body. Mort b_iils d robb.6 j!$ * rob6!$ ol' ter sosm th: lom dm. ir hre b..n in body uk' lri.ds. Th.v {iliet" so bn nv $? hmilirl('niuBrl 'oop' !@;d.d to p.6(u'ion, b ""d inJisri'n' 'n_ pkxrc m ,umilns in. ord( ol +*' 'h. 6i donadonon. to ;?rii 'ntnrrb 'h.r.pord tn (hrnginBlround d. htrirNrc' dEru(nrns n orrnng th.d Thof who h 'nsr, rnd vrlud, br.rking rh.m uP. th'n4 fim.s bdor' d ePc'x_ 'mprvrns 'rr bnsu6 to.o@imdR*n (-;urii..nd rurn'n* propri.iv upsid' do*n fdm n or m ing:E cnhd dc'd who h'$'r vArt *omrn h"nt nosn/sbl'n? r.n ongu6 tnd rh.n mouthsr felr, dHm', periom.d thr ssNrc rhar lims o_ lNos,l.wonan tm soinc ro blo cirt'v? Wno hant.rumbl.d' h.ld uP io nddr' dpl6bn h.nelonh Posibl. :nd fi. in or kpnrion? who h:!nt h<rib'd rirh b. don., riglt now. itltrngu'9. hd bodi ,h. J'gnmti'l, Punctur urnotb. rrpp.d bv rn rnrYe5 t'r 'n m Llt loho bvbm"dolftn! couplerlnd opposiiion? i.r.a* rth.old.uomrtisns-lr\nortob'r'ar'd b' sft $ion, h6n\ ov.dhlown su@ (onc.rls :i in"Liciblc:d!st^ rhai hn8!:g. iion, tl'! E ll oI cirdotu5ionr du. n! th. hnsu:g. of d.n rn v. Dlrbt l.rv. rh.m I sirslc Ph w(:i. drfi rlon. 'hrn l rs omrnhr 3 l w r v s l u o . r i o n . d $ n h in lh td is' h ar ]| + ' ) s r ckr ' d I (ou& ol m:n , ; t 8 n i 6 ( 'hr brck to th. opporit<ssn'iis shi'h rmrhD6 16 | d'r I sFFc .n.rsy ,nd d'minish6 or siflc' iR h'v ldmr 3odids, tr i3 tim. for hcr ''s id n, rod P l o d . i t . t u m n r r c ro mtt. it h.u,.ond,ning r, hLin8n h htr own nourh, b,hng,hd to.8ur *ith h l. *tni, ,nd h.i diqu. r,* o.*'*, ...,ri-i. o invdt fot hrudi, hnsurS' rug'r'nsd' ot ^nd And for s@d (aon Tlt'r' will tulc ot(koc. lonh hom rcu'll re wnh ,hr eic ih. {illsP'inB bRnrh.longhisturyoiStnocidc flrRirtno*nbv *h(. unc. )hc so ,h. """h. ih.r \rhin" lht col"o,z.J poDlc'ol Y.skrdry o\trlow !t th' lLp! rh' sill dlrs,ly cdu.h.d-'. nrho'j, th<,;.o.s otr whas. bacL3th' hi5rcryoI poinfo appmprhE dren innrutenG Nari3 lh. "^ r - .. i" "- L ' 3 ' d '.-"i ^s. NPlritrr h -b bfo'vns "r,'. d' -L"' rhd onftpE, tidr pLc6' r rc b'8nd8t 6'm k i6dr llrr;d on, r in.t posit'oi ofmr{.rY lusb.c d!rsrr|l lril 'h. P'" 'lr.,l ; r,,io^ '1 .h, .*-ri.. rnd mbh.l'qi'h 'h' kn'n ft r?r' I.s bJil nDoA.s..k.!& haEn'l o[ n Atu'1' ol c c4' ol 'ohd'xomn |r.1 \6ich dd 'o

. i$ sold; rt'o* wlF 6rv. lnown th' n.nh.sm isnominyoi p.d.cu'ion denv. non itsn obrnnn' rhn* whorF rer'd up lurur! d.!n.6rsrnd.ur, lflo{ b.n.r |h,n rir iril.B $e sn. o,Ir'? an' '[znk. to rn.n hirb4, wom.. tod]v lnow (ho* snc'iv' b do ,nd {.nt) Nhat n.n $ill b. rbl. 'o ot orlv nu.n Li.i t siy {ona. orctum' th. p'F son.tj lorit, by m..niolltwl'lie"bl'.kmil,aod m"iiDs., h.i risht o hdklfh:s ben 'nontdI' ,h. !rm. tim. :r hcr nrm., 5h o th. v.ry nov.m.nt ol nonl.l'.nrnon 'Lrourh {.. m;r.crd.ly d'c in.n'ry ol PmPn.q 'h' '+ duovc *insns ol rh. mi jolinr(onitr3rl !uble_ tiv. donomy, whicn snc doublv ..si$. on ih! on' 4 thit hana iL. has @r*itu*d lE6.lt.e65ailv ''oe6on cip.bh of losids p.n ol lr?6.1i s iihour ' l;ins hdnr.gr'+ Burt.cretlv sihnrlv ,lrPdotr" sh? 8rcs5 rnd mul'iPli.r.lnr' on rh. o'h" 'nrid., itu lnos 6r mor.,bou' livins rnd:bou' h:nd, rh. r.l{ioD 6de.n ib. .ononv ol rh. dir6 rld rhan anv m:n Unlil' rh. manacd.nr of 'h..goo htr r,rl..nd hir tftl's nrn, *h;holdssd.rrlv hisDo!.i.t ot valq hi! ..P' $owq md crrrvhrog qnn fiis h.rd, som.n couunt 6" L$ o;d.d

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_ i Nir? "L iqk d! l, Lnn! " R*rd Danlht {h. e,io,rt h,i 'qt, lul]'n tcr'r3).vhcd L\. ph'loFPkr en b. Rr oP'mn3 ri rdu'rng rz4.,rr? ol r0 Dlt,lo*phv h trr t*dro' ol;onrn to ft. thc oJ ldudion lhrrPP'rr:rrhr 5 un' rr(' .n. *ho i5 u!'n Io4.ll< bri' ;odrs who do6n'r glY. bu lho sr\6 od/ rr iudd, !\.6.

b.nar lhrn n.th :nd blood, risi.& insurcdonlrv dodghIn.ad'ng niclf, wnh rcnorNr,-pdtum'd in_ d trvms ooB gr.dtrnB, r nr.ly ombnem w' krd l.n.r rnd dEs plunsrns into 'h' ': hol& our h. 'ah. ih.ca hd k!,' h. w,ll r/,! !h.liEL P$'Uic to rc. brsin flll of *tt..l6n GoB w6om ltt in&prdbL But lmk, onr -" 'a' wh,i v. 6,k. ol rl'.m, full oI 6sh or not' 16 ar. .redorbh.! h'ghdsmmrh op.q(orfuspr. k' ! o trriio* or b:nkl6s! rnd u.a(oucdts cor3l,r.rwcJ, b...1t6, hd6, $imn'u.childrd\ {'rci . . . Mok o. lss wrYilv r.a! .1dh' 3rv{h3r d,fr.r would r.bug u5? S'. know how b ' Hd.rdsrn.ous,'6 Forhcrlotoutb'n'6Eshcn .6r.nous; !h. tr rh..roro8cn.irv ol 'h' hdcbgF ,i.bom. swiFn r, i, llisnr, sh' dc! noi ".dif,

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No: 5ll ,t one .h'll-moth.r-Iathd-fiBit? w'll b' up it!wio vou @ b(:li ft.oldciKuiB h b nin rnd son,n to t.ndd ob Ehionrhip .nd rll iB oonqu' wnn of. br,nd n.w rubr'd' rk r'b'r 'h.l,uh.hins Ld us d.m.&rFt'n'rz' artlmili:liaiot. $' @pI' dmy womrn. in n.gon b 'h., ol Edtdion, r thrillinA'i' 'void @dv ut or lan 'h' B d.t.&h'*. la! sd rsrv riom rh' dmr(rc d' $hkh h,r it thrtth.onlt good ltha nr ddd | or rhlr t .n'ld x th. d.td of o'hs wnhod violm(' .h'!d R rh. oLhd, b* 'hc hvDr*'nr los, nrusBl.. V.R lcd up rith th' rc' $nh d' ;{ b""di r"ftrc' b b. 'cvd'4 ';;i.r 3"e rhdt hdnd.d down l,D'v;osrnion 'nd b:'[*rd .loNcd. wc qanr 'nvmor't 'd!rc' omdhing eoimtk ts *.irc nor &oingio '.pEi dov' vd'l &3n. lor hf. Or:l driv"n:l rno 'h. dn!6 ,rc ou' a(nsthi dnv.-tll dc 'h6. .nonr rhch i! . s6Dilon drivFiu* liL' 'h' liv.3d{ nof, uirhin'r d'r d6tr. nf r;wn'., 'o rr. lor fi. s@lkn b.llr' lor lrnsuts' lor brod n thould hrPp'n ro to V. .( not gDinS '.tu!., 't nnk our |tn.y, th. unrurps*d Pl'aturs or Pi'8nrndEhth hrv?t.tu,Uv b.cn:lsty3'*8g'r'rcd th'dt$nt'xrt dd.d-in d onrm.d r*,y-tr h'r'r b"n iPr'sd For rl th.n! on. rhins 'htft ot th' prnrnt ru$ rh.pl:a$ 6nd i: in lh. trb@ :bout!h'Potrr!h?cn! Mf,.n TtitstI:lo' inv.n.d unh .i th. tim., b.c.u,. it lD! tl*lts bc'n v!m:n not th:t, $h.n prcsntn! rulrdcd, 'n' onli doubl.! hd h:rkd v!Iu.. b on htintc vth' d t smm imNdnt-uld ini.r own .vc! .nd' und.nidlvi rcquiB bodt pr'r Th.ft.r thouqnd! ol wlvr oilivitgon'! n:nd: o hrvc q nor io h.v. M$ lhd nill invnibk Andifvou o'h.;r Rhdon+it or.norht 'ntBiry' dontLrv. thrr D:didlrr ).'min& ir do6nl m'rn wrv |tdine Exh bodt dn_ rh* tou'fln;ny rribuld in iB osn iPeizl trr' htrhour Fodcr or nom, rh. non6nn. rnd ch,nsins bElitt ot iB dc b' pdn'on 5n.,. D('d. for vouR.ll on 'n PktuE rnd rult rEnr ol ontrdKtione, wh.r 'orr ho* .mbr(a Brin.ll).othd ro lil Womd l'd b l,v. ddr.nn.nti gvinB bidh n Fith'r lotinl rcr Ul. rn orh'i Anl d'6m_ in(rc8ing hlddin!b ind Am I mst.agliins? You. thc oaoona 'ticoo.' va_orn or concPt' 'n_ (6d tut 01$' Psb)' d'ro'; olrhc r! llv onc noi. vd'U 's rh{ :ll .hir sd'cb oI id'' rli'm, A

ln or wh,i3 qo6.. vou'll stluncr thar vhd abod rhc libidnr llnmt I rrd h'

dm_ .linrto h.&lii \hr i! dsFrrbl"PrcJisrou! p:bh or oihdt or 6' oth!' nin; &'ios 'nd !h' thrt ih. qill h(' ol th' othd rcmz' -;n vor^ {b. unl&. i d o t . n I o r h ' r p l t c ? ' ol2 n vt' ' orMyothd Mr.t6 mvon8( mvdr!nv.ns'' mt bodt In (d'){rh'r.iii. .v 6ll uP r hor' ro -' rh.t ! lons-.rtr,r in o'd( lor n;r 'o rsriht otr d.fGt o{ Nm. d b61!!t' 'r Ddid. i& muld h1v. i',l m il'dikdo b, kmm'N r':! shok ourr"r not b.ou* I vGbdn drrSg'd inb rh' chr'n o{ lub*'otiontllttt b'in3, ' dnmn. obi(! Thn b( ol rntuEd ht.I b (ofl' nF3hr os d ?rPd @dld 'E fiinr You 'o drod Pairttid *hnF od ol '"Io;ihunb, 'h. knrnts b mdr by old gtrdmo$?t o8ds. li th.v bdid.' in ord" io mui( nP rrthFont ih.v ralh nRd ro b'het sor. sllimponln.?, 'I tnzr uc( dt'ns of dsiR. thn E r' hR. ior rincd *irh ddn.lor $(n p.rriFtr'rtr rhdr h' bsin.$. undmDblv (tr vdirv n nour m;o'ii trr or :muimdr' rLo wn dDm<-bd 'o hnd' rh.n bu;n.$ to ld u! tnos rh.v G 8d$E ' (*c ll r$ur. m. e thlw ' 'hcm th.ktid. pacl.r ignr6d)th{ th" { ueol $ill rh.rF n.i ocn $ruflrc hdn_ s.. ti{ El only bt b.rs 6Rd erh ! f? tr' In 'h' th{ th' smrn datr6 trl clild i'! not 'h.Frit mt t ftmou.br o{rli'n,'outd wbichRov n:n tr.snrn.v anno' h' rr'al b"lc detr srv&B ;din rh. hn@dal ldi6 ol th..rci'ns. ro 6h' subttiFtton! dehrniol lom oI Lt, b rl$r hrourh rboutbY th. unmnsciou!ol ton' d'rn'l to 'icrtiu mmrn r no o ptnis rnYiq :'d not nxcis'h or to 6m. d of homd?xullitv linrd do'n i blh.?ffi Drdmt no$(i! &s.ning r t2ll mui'hild in'luc' @n lh{ ih.von:nor 'h'n:n cnon d r:Sl|nro p:n.ru or Dun R4Igl 'h' r nll Lh' tl kDrodudbn somm bc !Pt*d rn' PrBr(' E;h r:p: na 'h.(! Dtrm& d t ruF_ un'ld rk sui* ot conkiou$.s t Fb Dl.mo! of incrdkios. E ha vou ud ln nobodv t iout b,'in'$ n d 4oar-th.t th;n.n lou: h tBbins vor &3n'.ld,od |h' Na Lrr o{ b.@mins th. .@mPli<. ro r sdrrt .ad tn. old_tim? f.rr oi b.'n8 1'kd " And nrn' blindG r. rou rll Soin8 b bmt !n d.ton'.l

b; tDU bv 'l*y'',ii i; u ioio* conncnoord rout

si-'n.".u .r ,t'. Phrll$-) AnJlrr *D;r'ion, whr,bos 'h' bt or und.rso:tr rblrrion bo'n.
d6nc? "-ii",a".

rbdr

*h2r I m clling d D.. th. oth.r tnu lvn-'har! Kd d vor bodv rd th' bodv ol 'h' ood .rcu 6!Dhd ;.1 N;? wnt, voull lNc d'rYthrB bn!r n'u@ byod. rnd vou lt Inow rt l'i whkh b Hold ltill *r8o'n8o@ $r rou E '.h'.d sn b'Bin t@k'n3nr tr yosp3nHn. Pft:i 'ou .t-l."i]

:ffit**+*1'.+**-

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+-,r'.*'' *"+gr!

-o 'dond dirc tf th. {tu ldrcn.-,,* Nd womd' n rivine now' m ossidc F c;k 'h. 'h'otrnol 'h'rr'.etrd bv lh. coo, o{ d. tsnr6" hn8llpdned'.rmF od" tn |K iurtcd. md brousirt mrc $' lin' oI lnowi segn'd bY toE d ur('rv r. {ooo*d 'o

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*'tt at.*' t'crtll o b. rh(:t'

br.! ro lh. nring }hkh l"dr b' rh.n' for a n'{ Md' ro Dc Nxnc-o!!h*F3rh.r. Dlr. of lh. rhrlhc morhn ' @uE Bewrc. ;t lnmd, or ft' '8nifrs 'blr th..shoritv ol isn'b'd: !a lurc vou brL ' 'o l*-. dD$o.c5 thr "ould FduG tour 8'nd "r _c...-_ *-r {e n" PrP'l

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m.r3.r dstr.

1"". rc*.v.*,i'slhrirv bvdd$rry'ng l ct'r'r dont E".rr"h"t,l',p,.s. oN o{ 5D<trs B(iL n nrc

'h? d.p!v (hoann' n' c l o dr$e,;h <ur rhroushl arornd, ot trF s. rl'h.n 1i. l.sion' n! brduq b' w dnt bftlrorcugn ^nd ..rnmh:r onlv mtd.8,d' b ir' I\c sn thd' Bd mmcn t. 'hbngm8 nciih?tdtrp' nor dmdnc llrd Ac. *horillb. sho $ ill noi i.,r $c nlk oI hain rPtettru_ will not l.rr lnv ril,:nvd?riF ri6 d'm*rv6 rmog 'nt .xDlo..d in th.fflvd do no' Idithu4 tut ,;.* d hPhd.<lr'Th'v d" nor hr' Thlv obsdq b?v do norJciy, *oBrn' (n' 'hq rDD'or.n, rh.v ry to s' lh' orhd

ffiu

rh' ...d bv th. b's di.t' whot iill imP'65'd.br of thc Phrll'' *anc .omr;rcn

i"".i."'i.i- 'r'iu., "r'r' *"-' 'ur 't" _ *omrn ol vrqcrdrv. Thcv lnll cxnt dsv:nd
old'* ol hr m.routvi;msol 'h. c:i in th. oriRn?l ,ilcnt (uion l rh lyins undd rh. r,ounuiB thq tl'r' 'd.s qui('in8" ihcY nd.t rR lh.tr 'rG h' monum. b d. gold.n Phrllur loom'n&.rn out .ld nrnn.r.d.' ihcn b.di.r Or''om'ns rodav p.nod rnd inio fi' s(ond -'d_ of th.n 'rlatr lidt?n.d {*ion oI th'n vidu 4sulkdbvth'tuid iha rcd.m*1"6$dddi) rhct \' oc .*ofthr rndrnc.mpn. rnd'rr r@n:! {n @ fomult. Ih. ms dskr' nrkd aam"$' ;" h,'"" ir m.1,.* ,. .pp."d's' ih" f hr'n'o

.iita.,1.to*,-'o' r *-"3'r'

ndold lh.i;ihbv,hr -h. 'nd 'h'n "hoopsl I rin! d.m s'th lbiht tis 6*5 th' d'mon or ro' d{lt'd !u in6od?m'rvtry;.iM{bliqu?. kll6 lhm ih. eft old h:'dcu .h.ini. Vhich anrr;on do YouP !fldi do tou Iil. b.ftr, lh' fr$'rl or 6' mod_

t'th'r m'r' k* il';-""it:,l;id ' 'h..hild ard;n*akddv, dn in hi'q l Ed $' "om'n b,d LJ hddadorc$,n on? d.ilbr'$'nd'ing

loo P"tn] t'nt s'tr ir't o=t, "t'* t-.tv.*. Hc(, but ny 8lr$e r.'l youu*' rhrrruih$F
Mv$U Fll tou .lrYthing tou I (Iou ,h;* .' yo;,.o* rnd k!. ' i"i3fiirir look

or wdkn's ol s' ot wniy nsir 'h. 'olrd'rv mrn(, bu o ruL. lov! bcfti. o m'sl ..rh. b'Pnnins:G ou dnr' Ort- lo,.-ln wzns ih' ."-i Th. n.$ lo". drr,lor th'od'r hsd oth.r. m:td dizFn& PKiPibut lliSl'B Lnfr l.d!. rnd in!.nrion.Th.*otun rm\Fg d'r d!ry' dod d ndd nin; md d.;,srn 'hct wh.r.. th?.r.huB!s, rh' n rh' ddrFb*_8rxr' ord rNor.ndo*d in dc P*dox ot th' 8it$n ill$ion ol unirrr, tui6 v' E-Fi ;d unds mc cohd in, @Fd in_b?scn h'*! lh*) Shc'h. lnd voo. bcNRn th. o$d m'uh nhniFlv morc tt':n on. rnd no' rh.l.n o{.".r ru,'hins l limnt rh' rhirlB 'n ""i

Sh' our h.cohin& A'J sall !.'p on baooitgl. d.f.diY.lov6, n'orhcn36.'nr d' dB doush rhc mo* wmn'on,: bqoid rl6sh irrcnsism, rtr in{oG., nrnsidonrl$r", shc' y;d ti. nruSslFc'hFJalh thr\ ban icmd'o ro th. b.d, b.)ond '1. lo"' brtr rh. (orn! Itn Lrosd,n:mk @dnrlichrngr, lhrt *ould b. ftd bv hrrcd HrF d: ' knur' r kmndd, : dupins 5ubRdnna b rh' {in. 3er rh' odd.m **.rrh,nl oinr;'. To tok, 'o Do6 hB i.. o,h*,,o dop.*|""* ' ""hd'd htr RNmr sm d,6olt: lr't .or imPo$ibl'. :nd lo'. rhn h:r no !ourkh.! hfrr th' A. Drch.nri!. d.rn. rhn provid6 'grmn ihc *dr s', " low thaircldk\ rn L*;nd,slnhd d..xchrng. th{ muliiPl'.s w}' r hsbr) of dt"'h sh' dGs id Fao uioldr s ObDo$non. hkB(hir'ng .t!hrng', rh' nr!8s' dcjh fam:tr ry whichon.ndonlv in t L'rIone nr.. or so nomr'kr +No loM ns(r-om thn mms 6om r ptiio'r 'n hm'.8ov &.d)-lll .h.d by ph:lloclnui. !rlu6 Tn' tid'hrrhrp'_

l I I I I I '

n ta lh .P rc(ntdosi n o d .r h d lron srhns rhc hstofv oi lif' som"h'rt 'Ba 5h.dmsl"kn'w Lk..hs.,5h.si'6 "h:r$'r thoxgr\n'' aiurA,h.do6n rmBsu( I i rh' Srkl' lhs r counkrl.it imPr?$ion no qith no r!Mr*',sn h.ri aot, sh? grv6 moi. Prdr rbn bxk dd om. udpEtd shalt sd ehr ih. DuEour.5h? snd rhrr b'rt r:v 4 trr' tonomv'ha rhouehr-@ftrdrmnion Thnts (nl wh(dd on;o io*d b. p[ in.@nomic tE she loves, all th. oU o.aPB ot mrn's'o'$ b.hind. A h...d ol: norc ur'$@nro! kx .omDuonon. 'h.6nd! no' ha 5u * th' der.I am for vou wh*vou wint n' to b' m.6rn ou lool r dr inr wlv YouE n'va *cn r. bcro!:: r d.rv in*,n' wi'n I wii" irr 'v'rv' Lhne rhd q. dont Ino' w"in b' rt n *nd'n wirhoutrtip-drmq m., "u!;id .q r h in E*c*' ll b. ci l l t usbth' un[:$Jng -ithour.rclurion' rnd onc rnto''o.n& un:PP6obl. $rch lot rd? rn in.ihn *c will neverb. l2.kin8

Culler Jonathan
t"*;.;t;;iilll;'li s'kd',,^' t".,,. cu,,rR\ ToN^dA! """1

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com'"ir'. .i'.'r" .""..i,ii I"**tns inrc n rhe 'ubrr'Drobl'mor 'rrd'td*

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-i""t' rdPRuoone\ $cirl:6tu' or e(n on']
an ido i.-'.ril-'"r."' "; 't'*'forc not mdelv Rhnkrldifdlrybut '

ii*r;"{i*.':"'lmt::,y;i:J:.'{::J}il;:*T r:j'f i.r r ::'.7 ml* ['j::i:iml :;::f}':l:T:il1."':",::::'l'.':;:'

*,i.r'i.i,*,i,i iili,e....*' "-* t-." * *t(Dr- wsjntrin'k dd 'obic(iv'" pcnp @nmnncnr rnd 'n b' inlullr'd {romiJcologk:l

-'la "'ir'"",H{*j{'* f :'J'j;'il;:i''Ji:i:1"i:::'ir::: *i:J,ffif

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486

s^NnR^ C[B.rr M.

p.rtly b.cau$ ihcprobln o{ wrndly afihoriry hasnor bcodearlv sen s.n iJer rhrr 6 hrroric,ll, .atur4.d snh pi"irr.h.lasu,nprioh. In disdolins rhc pdtcm .,,d (ic &ns.quorB oI t$.r srrw{ion, Citbclt .trccB a signific.nrdeificarion ol r tundln.irald4ciptivc,problen, helpins sr/b l'<h rh wh ih r h. . x lu. ion ol wonr . nu pa( of an e n n r e y n . m , r d n o 1 'r 'm .r...m.ide nrc, n. ir hii i, ir , n. v n, bl. . ln o do. uD. n' ing r h . n k m b o r hn o m p '$e worlc oI h.o who *suoc n or hav. prsum.d ro.Dforcc ir and kon rhc !ics ur woDcn pror.{'na Lilbcd do.e nor n,.,.t, .onrinr. or rubhq,.,h. 'r. pror.* bLr indnJrci a nurber oI wr)s rh qomen s,rki! firr. cxscn.d 'he th.ir cr.arivepow..'1o cr.atcrhehrlvB.s ckra(al .nd to bdnc a "$cr.r vlf !u rl.( o ( r ndr Lv 6. 'o Sus2trcubar, Cilbd n th. Vith 'h . ot Th. Mtttwhah ia the Ani.: Th. ^uthot lvohon Wnte d"d tt. NDet.ctth-CrnturyLik,ary ImaSiaahoa \t97di and jr, cub,r anirLlrb( hav..dr.d Mo imporbn( Jnrhot;eicr, *,p",, it i,,t*,, Fminht Esalt n, vo,n.fl Poet, lle7el .nd Th. No on Aflthotosr of LitelF turc br woh'd (re8sJ. cilh.( is also thc author o{ ,t.r o/ Atiat;o", rhe PoMsof.D. H. Laqai.e Gr72)..d numrouslotunisofpoctrv ndndiis r, th. Fowth Vo tl (197,Thc su,n'na Knch.r l\98t), E;'trr., B,"oa Fetl). ^nd

Al* r^r_tI(

Lr.,rr P,tr itr

487

I ,[*. tr4'1rb$sdio6 on beukdod6c.ib.d. . wayin shich nr(adyc Fd onascftj$.tfpsr.no. ro8icrlly ind rcrhaicrlly rhoush rhc i.cfiniot trs eddlrting . co.c.p, .c'iial ro rh* vicrorLn rfioft oIrh. nor.lisr, Btrrrl.ycr',Lo, of !ou4., culturcolwhi(h h. *,! in ihir.as.: rcprtsenhtiec b. urd ro d.krib. boih th. .urlor .nd rtE n! hal. criz.n. 8ut of.o!r. d. prni.rcfat no.ion tho r olany h.rrry rcxt,. FinrHoDkins!*,-

$l/a.i,h.ri.rneor]scos b hiv. bcen d.siFcd.o d:boi3k. Indc.d,said hins.lrt.i.ro6xn.; lltr: .onFnaon no$ lik rt tcxts oI ir.th,t rh. oDiry or irksrity oI th. t xr is r.intlin.d by u kri6 ol

crD& rrummrriza$

n!.b dn;

'.td.nt

LITERARY PATERNITY
Nld A *onrn ti.t .n.mPs rh. p.n Such .n irh'lc. on tnc risiB ot n.n, Such . pr.suftpbou. Cr.{ur. n Th. t !t en 6y no rcrb. b. rcd..n d, _AnneFin.h, Cohr$ of whchile! As ro lll rh.i io.4. Hdry.nd krry blkd rbour, !4. ndsii/ of .l .n cod io ord.. ro cr.:G (l juppo* rhey men I ad God, I rh no. I son.n").,.. thn -l ao cod," which n.lr6 d.ariotr 2n .d o{ slitud. {d prid., tnn im.B. o{ Cod alon. h.kins Lnturr ,^r?I,n *s 6d pubt,rh.d aozr, r. n qd ( r7e). Ar umd.d rtrd BB.d ' @n?.\s dt 6t*.\zp1q o1 Th. Mad@Mr in ti. lNrw H,m, Yrk Un^.Ri'' Pq I r7r) Ro'inEd b, Fmkid or ^dz !!rhor,oDrisll( o re7e. 'h(

:kri.rnh,sr, it nrhi! ih.g.Nhichh.t

ol&r woid! r rcijul@

t 1\.lnno4!d;or: ia Th. P@3 ot Ann.cMte ot rv-.n,t?4.d, Lt'r R.ftrd,lcl1,c6, u"i*is i cii68, prn. , rot, pp,t- Ji rr. Dr; o/,{",n Nr, v"r. r@, ,err_,r,e,.d. c,dhs sshthrnn iN.. Yqk. nr s$iLtn pr6 bd Hrdn rnc, re6r, t rh. cr-.qbnlae ot cdqd Bdr4 Hortir, . r,?&r, w,,sr Dnoa .d. c' c. Abbon i&., Or, (t bduntrdivPlor rr!), p.r!,lau.l

,4,!/,ori!t 3uescns to h. a .onsrdtarion oI link.d Dc2trin83: only,rs ill. OED rir! not ul,'apoftrro.nfo.crob.di.ne,, o'...d?Iiy.d or dehgit.d por.r,, or ,,! touer ro . a post. influ.nc. acdoi," o. io inrpia h.li.l. or '., p.non whojc opinion ft acccpkd i nor o.lr dro.c, huil.onnc.tion rs \311 snh ,r/rol-thrt k, : Pdon wbo onsrmRa or g'v.r cx&.n.. ro som.ihina a b.S.ner, brsirmer,i:nE, or:nc.sor,. ;* son aBo sho kc lorth Nrn'en $ar.m.nr Thci. i3 nill rnothft cltr$d ol nk: n$: ,, ,rorir ri.d to thr p.r priinirl.,!.r,;ot th. v.rb ,,a.r.j th.reforc .!.roa 2cordjns to E.ic r:nridg., n lidally ,n incdi$, aird ,6 . Iourd.i Ar.ralr,j n produrdon, invstio.,euF, in iddittor ro hcrning 2 righr ol po$6sion. findl, n frc.nj conijn!,n.e, o. a .lusng to @ntinu.. Trtcn tosdic. th.F m..ninss rr.,ll siound.d in ttr fqlIwjns norioft: G) it,t oI th. po*.. 013n individuzl b iniriarc, in$itor.. 6rahlni*in slod' b.sin; (,) rhai rfiir pw.r and its 'o prod!.t:rc.n i..r.,!c or! shat had 6en rh.r.F.viously;(r)th dEi'dividualsicld, ing rhn pow.r conhoh iij isiu. .nd sh{ k dair.d rh.EIoE; k) dr{ iuthodiy m, tlin! rh..ontinuig oi ns ours.i h co.clurion, Szid,vho i dLcusins..nc Nov.l .. !.ginnih! In..nrion," r.n.rls rh{ .Att tou, .r ifl{:d v. 5r,d, rNq Yo.rrDxi( 3k! rr7t, [3!.lA!

. B<neloiol .onn.dMi. rdhor_rqi, b.sinn,ns. nddk{n4 cxr_n.rnin& nd. &d b on. Und?rD.r.h ,ll rl's ij l6e imas.r, oa n.cesion, oI p,rrnitn or li!tr.tr". 'it.i. ii . *rr. in Fnici dc v.ry norion o{ D:rc., nity k neu, .. St+nd D.d.lu pu$ n in Uts.J, r _l.s"l6d-r,no.y *qujh8i-,g,n.,"n itnor " hdh. A m:n snnotv.nfy hn l:'h.rhmd hy.id.r s.ns or icason, aiteftll; thit hir cl'itd i. ,,, is i, a !cns. . r2l. h. rlb hin&U ro.xphi, .hc ir an.\ c$hra, ObvioDslt ill. di.ry impli.it in such $oryr.ltn8 u'8cnilr not only ih. Esu,iDc6 '..d, priirc!,I o{ n,l. supdioiq rh{ miso&,,y impl,es,bur ale ruci @mpr$rory fcdoro oI rh. word n rhok.rnbo,l,.d in rh.sd.itoool inr!, .n Snd d.-'b-. Tt'$ n E R m: e*ibh " '; hi.'ory oI rln comF sao% s;mctid6 fnnlty rntd )''d son(dm6 suhmcrB.d im:g.ry rh:r.trb.ruk5up.n {h;iS'q,hcnD.Jrluicttsrfi..nrd. el.$rc" of prrerniry'ilroush rh.rcrl,orm,y IndJr) rhr.(uflins b6d6 Hoptiro rnd S,j.

./rir fq rniii osos!<d a.h,rukl oior r. k-^.,r '!:.cr"r, h":k, T,hr.@r rnriarb

Jrq!6. Drrid2- .o/ c,@Edo,o& 1&k,hu4 rh. o,. d Doid,, sru.tuDrmd:pnoq i, nrcha trt,h. sdr or n.d . . . arnd or .ry.id.Ed by dr r1lb( td

'Jrmd }rq U/rsa {N.w Yo.l, n. MoJ.n rjbEn rrr,p.roJ l uI rrrd n. r[ot. Aor,htr.,Eordiirnh rctn: Drsc dodoPl'hnnoriotr6fhd: "F:L't-ied.d .;n*;I oD(id5 be.nin& n untmvn b dn.. st<Dh.d mc. ''rrnrnFiol6D'qrb rpft ,dBq.*io;trcf dtr erfr( m drl, b.3d<n On wm){.ryhdno,o; o.n:donnr rtu6 dr.dnnin*rdnn ddtdnun.b 6c ..h or E,rcr. $. .1,_.L ir to,nd.d rnd tE;.d n(h6?bt, b.s$. ioqidi4 tit. d. w d.tu.G.d r,rdihoodA'or n4e, 5ubjek ,id ob,ffi; hir{ ni r b.6!orr, n& rLr. prk m,rrn:rt l r.3r n.ioi tPP. ' M,h er_ort.lAu.l

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ii. h:r gro'..qd.ly.m!!g!

Thcy t.ll us, w. nistlk. our Fr rnd e.y; cood 6rc.dins, la$ion, d:.cing, d6tin3; Arc ih. 3cconplirhn.nE w. in6ut d6n.; To wrii., or Ed, dr rhinlg ot ro .nqut. \?ou'd cloud our b.:ury, ard .FUn oul And int rdpr rh. 6.q!.$s of our p'im.; whilst ifi. dull m.nn1s.. oI 1 s.nil. to$. k h.ld by $h., ouroutmo*.tr..d ns.," B?.1u5. rhry .'. by dc6nino. Drl. rcrivnict, rhir p.$igc iopli6, ffinng, R3din8 rnd $inLng rr. .or only alid bur ako ininici to t r!1." char.c!.ris!i6. Onc hunded y.rB Li.r, in . L6our l.dcr $ Chadot. Bront., Rob.d Sou6?yG ph.&d !h. eBc notio., Lik'rtur. b noi th. busin.s ol a rodan! lii., rnd ir onnot t ."" h dnnor b., !h. n.raphor of lit ary pr.niry in. pli.i ba,us. n n physiolosicrlly *.11.. scioar logicdly iopo$ibla Il nxl. s.tualiry n inkgallt as*iard wnh rhc a$tdivc prei.ne ol ln.6ry n .onn{ed silll iE $rpos*, i.mlc kninr by scncc ol su.h poN.r, eirh rh. idla-.rerd.d th. nin rce.rh anrurr dint.r Oto W.ining.rdr.. qonrn h.s no rt',ft in onrolosiol 'aliiy.' ,16 shrll*., a 6rnh.. ihplicrtion of th. p.t r -c nirr/crcl.iviiy m.t+hor is th. notion (implicit ihrt borh in w.iniog.! ,nd in sou$.yt kft) $om...xisr only b b. rct.d o' by h.n, bolh.s lii.rrry r.d :s s.nio.l obj.6. Ag'in on. of An.. Fincbt po.ni .xplor.s tfi. .$uhprion. $bd.l3.d i. ro mry l(6,ry rl.o'id. Addr6siiadrc F.l. Hlppy yor ttrel fiappy rfi. R.c. ot Mr I B.rn io inlom of ro d(dr rh. Pm d To pro6nr pl.$ues fr..Jon2nd bmn \?hilf F. b..i.L yo! but ,r Cyph.E tdd T ircrcrscyotrrNumb.n and.o slll !^ii.

th,a. rc6ofu, mot.oEath*

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tio.,lli ns.d a voc.bnlty ddiv.d lroft thr p1 fuilr.hil| Fanily Rof,a'.? to dcnib. their r.l3rjoni {ith ca.h orh.r, As Hrold slen h$ Poini.d our, ol ''fromrh. so.sor Homlr to th. sons B.nJonsot, pcdcrin0loe hld 6cr d6cribed r 6lirl rF d hrionsnip, rclaionslipoi to8hiq...:' Th. la 6.rft *russl. t rhl n.d ol licEr/ histo4, sryr Bloom, ir. blslc b.M.n irong.qu'b hth.r rius dd OediPus.t !.d sotr nidty oppornd, *

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r.ditioni Acquicmnas;ndicat.t fl. w.its th. 3@l ot Jldsoent. Mor. Ecendx m.lc.dnts lik. c.ntury lnd rn. Ed oI Roch6kr in rhc s*fttenth Au3ne Rdoir in rh. nin.rtrh, hrv. nankly d.6..d r6rn.dc hs.d on n.l. sdMl ddigh. L , . , Rnrm'd, bur tor dy Pind.! tpm;kl nr., l 'd.r I a.{lr6Ro.ll.*stwittynnon,td,tsiheFinr.r Andsd Ril.y nor.! R.noir'eid I]l h. priDkd his p.intinss viri nis pricli."! c]t4Lb!brbs-.{: ub b.lh.. wllh NormM O. 8ow.. lh:t lh. D.ni! iom. 4cnr. Nrv) rck-V'tl-lddiil-dinl s6En 61!h. Kr1'.nihip or ii. m:w ruqIn.ll!

tn. dr! author h a | thd, I Pbsmi ro,, r i.otreato4 2n r.nhci. prtrirr.h who!. p.n is !. i;srooeni of s.n.6rjvc powr li*. ni, Peni,, Morc, his pent pow.r, lik. hit p.list pow.r, i. no. jn* ih. abilit o sc!.r,ie lit bu rli, pow.r to cr.rte I po$rity @ vhich li. llye cl.io, .s, i' Ssidi !.nphar o{ P.dridg., ".. incrc4.r 1nd thls e iound.r," In rhis r.spdr, .h. p.n i. tdly th. sword, thsn iB ph.lli. .ountrp.tr, nisltilr i':pzdzr.iy moE EsnrDrly smrl. Not only 'nd th. w.it.r r.spond ro hi. mnict qu$n6.xud do6 dciEtion whh .n ouAounns oI rl. adrh.iic .n&sy HopLinr c?ll.d \h. 6nc d.lishr rhrt t:th.ir rhoushr"(in 0 po.moflh1r u'1.)-r d.liahrrodred

?c.ldidsq tiogmprt r,!/de, Ch. xlll. I,\u.l tShdhy. n D.I!s. or Pdd4," Kq:t, Ltr{ b Joh! Hdihd Ranoh., Ftb. ,, r3rl. tAul t,1ra '5n EL Cuniu, !,/or.,r rs6 (N<- Ydrl, Hr?{ ToEhbNl.'. ,rot, ^rd. F.roJ, re6. Forlunhs.onmdDry o bo'h cuniur ''T[. syoboli:in of $. *mk' .nd d]. "B.dk or Niot mdrtor iu.rl, k. D..ndr, o, d'. pp. 'r-,7.IAu.l 'Gfitrnon, A \/ryr, ii P@ru t] dh' rvitdat tui of 10.166, .d. vivao & soh Pirio lloidoi, Roud.d8. Pdlttd. .d. ''T1. H.mrrLmdii.," ,1r d,l sd,l Irtoca B. H* rd t[abldr c, [rL{ ll!Ddo!: Col. rid B@k! re7r. p. 3'. IEd5.l

.d (*.n r|ul Ltl-, r rJr, p.ee.IAu.l Didsdtur.n

"Nonbi o, Brcs, ror! rodr lNd Yo c \4nFF p. I ltrn. Dorrhs,zd ri' BnoE, 'e63), 'ri.,Jofii 4 84dl,bi dd [da!! (srldno( Iohro HoP[d p ,5r. lrin:lo Lpo}r o{ 'lh. Unit. Pcs, 'e7r, phn|n sm.n'iv. rowd ol t!. adiv. inl8in*ion" trHnol,l Blmm, fl!.anrr o/,2&o? {N.{ Yo'Ll oxfo!.t Lrntdity !Gs, rt7r, p. 16. I^u-l uj1n. AusEn,PaJ!,,ior, ct+d T*nty-Tlre l^u-l

rinc\ Pod', ep. l-n Itul "s.dl'.y,lmd roC[nlon. Brcdq Mr.h ' tJ 7.Quor.d ,n \^ljlnd c<nn. ch'rlotu sntk: rh, F$tlnor ol cd6 lorlod' olo'd unrdriry Prd, re67l

49o

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imr,li.nions ol lhc oI lirci.r/ l]rh. Erim 'nctapnor li isl.*.1rr b b{.$rEd ol rlE Eenui'.n.$ or hc...y .bilit h son.n than in ftn, Th. monl nltur. or wm.nt in its inc* .nd ri.n.n d.y.lopd?nq pJnakd of bh. ot rhc qu.hics ol g. !s; ir .sun!!, l.ai, rh. iniliiud.ofrh{ which in ftcn krh. clrnc i.'iri. o. .ccomp.rindt of tlE hid.$ gnd.of m.nr2l inspir.tion.W. r. in d2nscr, rh.r.rort, of nn!1kins ior th. .llordco. .n.By o, (.itiv. in.cllig?ne, th *6ici i! only 6c dub.rrDc. ot pcrbna | .L.tirs. !n, .dploy.d. . . , Th. ho$ .xqlisit. .!scF ibility ot fic $tir, rnd $. e!.ciry io 'nnror in dizri'3 uri.ir rlE .f,.cs *hich ck uDnoc.s or suroudibs 6indr sort upon n, nly b. ,.coryiani?d t''o poar b ory'nrt , not .En, c", Frct.r tase, to i.P|od!.. ft,t. nin ', t.'.

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Olyonr ddighowhich lron olr cturns r\n,i sadly2rc bJ,.hn d;tinction.&Sni Thztsin< rh. FJI (byo,r s.du..m.ni Oud b th. gnacr l6s. .s ou. 16.gr.r..
g

r.uld briisyou 6It/ quotlions in dd. ol rn. 4!m.nr, .rd I do not rhinL l d.; o!.n.d z book in m/ tlc Rhich had no. sn..[ing f.onsEncy. sons! ,nd prokrb!,: Dtk oI*on:ni 6!u.ndr. !T.ILn hJE r{. $ai d. B;fi; Ann. f.ri^,js. s -. 1n3in th. .oiclusioD .1 ler "tnronucnon'ro nft Po.'rJ thar wortn rrc ,1o 6c dul / Etp.cr.d and dt$ienld' rh. doB nd rcpldh!" *.i "ip.oa. nonrj bur oi rh. (nkeryrddonirhd n*$li. snL bincr irony,ro ,r dull: B.c.uriond rh.n my Mde.,lnd $,lt.eflid: Nor b.d6pi!d,.jming b. rdmtr.dr conscioB ofw.ns, rnll 'o snh contitra To roh. i.w frhnds, and ro rh, so,iow3 . fln& For Ercv.s of U*:.It, $ou *.n nd.r & dark .nolsh rht shda, aDdb. tou , I Clr o( 1re6 s.n.mrk msRr in 2 darkrnd wintd Fin.h *.hr ro b. d.finins h.rktf h.rc lJsdd. t/noront/ar-cr?h.r"bss.rhck,dow oi rnm. \ Fin h! d.rlrnins (ii ioni.),<cpbn.c oIm.lc .xp..hiior! :nd dgienr sumn?rirr in : ,nst. tyotc uk uB tc onn,a,ns bur of rh. tikDry e:E s[i.h rnamr. rorir n shuch, rtnor h6r.,Iron hcr:tur. 'h.ft. :,Iron"lit " rh:rli(r!'.wo,rh t..rnrh.y rr.".o b. dutt / E$.ftd rnd d.$isn.d,,, A! !@ B.a i ..tugu.g. puB n, wnn.n dGrn ! n.rcty d.s(ib. ,s.nnq bur ,ctu5 y produe, moEl .d ftrfi:os .En phytol idodry . , . w. haE ,o llto; ro;: Lirdof dielution or a' t.a!.r$ri<ir, otb.iie hdu(d by,n immdion in tiRr!,ur..'," A d;d rnd r hrudrlkr, J:D?Aun.n fi:d Atrc E ,or!,h'r.nocrror. Crphrn H:drtk, m.l.: rcja,.d p.in. r.B,zro,. ArSxinSmnm! i 'n h.:hdobiRriotr, h.ndq th*,,,n hiib"^nn.r :r. a8ln$ yo!_a[ $ori6, prc$, rnd v.6... _. I "5e Hoplhi "TL. 6n. ddsh,,hl frrh.E,trour,\r.,. {sono* Ltrrl.

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plicnbr.isnns.vd rheslavisl' @n.oldoNolh.r "loininitn" r lir.r,.y {oF.n is dorbly5 'Cy. ph..," for sh?is r.rlly . cunlch, ' to us. rhc nfllin3taur. G.mrin. CEr appli.dro.ll rom.n i. patri:rch.l ifti.tt. Thu! Anhony tuls.s.cc.ntly d.clircdrh.r l2m Au*.n! nov.ls failb.cau*h.r {riring lackr1dron8h.l. thrur,, :nd William Gas Lm.nr.n $.i lirn.,/ wond l..k l|61 6laod coq.ncd g?nihl driv. wbich.r.qiz.r .v.r/ gr.rt {y1.,"" Bur ll! $umpdonr rl':i und.di. lh.n n Fd.nc s.rc trtidh.d mor. rhan . ..nrury \ .8o br thc njn.t cnthcnrury.dnorcriricRuaut criiqld. Inroducins .niholosy .r mtitl.d Tr, F.ndh PdB ol Anai.d, L o\tti..d , $.o'y o{
iE.ry ..x rol.r *ni.h .xp..tl,, .n<l c|fi66, nFii*, r,2,, p, ono \&iniDF, J4 c,'r,.'6. ,4 lt idonr HliFhlii, reo6). E 136_ "/ !6rn.. r]li. n prn oI rr r{codidry Frvs. i' rhdr s/dnnF rn.a rhn _s{n!n hrE m md no!qa: 6.r re D! th.r & iolhiD&" llk b.ou! !!hr -iikn( h- m rthion ro $. nGl . . . *. k n irhd nqj ii' wh.E* .,ll ai,oa n nord rd lodot 'nd.nodr," !nn.nc"lAuJ ,, tu.h.d c}r* ,paL 01.1h. MhtiD! ,4'" $brlh on, "Th. Bmn4 or M, $ Doffi,K{.d." D fou iol q, hm Y OConno,lMio!q@. In, urur.of Mirn!9D p4,e13j,D'. ror rr.f;l, dihsion or d. Lnrt. dhudr" *i c.im,i cEa. 114 Fd.h Eay.h sd rD l{hoDv rtr,le -i; E@rt t No' Fo, nqd,i&- N4 yo.t riztroor R+ ,d, 1 Ik<frbd re66.Dr 7..:nd v' Hh cn5 '. R4i!r o{ No,nr Mrit.,i c4rr dJ r,r, N4 lfi Tn6 a.ot l.t/, :{ Ckbb.r rer6, e. L In rh'' 6n ndon. ,@. n n inkdr, (,nd d.!6,n.) ,o @n. ie ri4 \rBinir v,mtf d.lln d,'.d.rrr ": onu.fi" (k Nod An n, "viBm w@ F.." N4 !o R. vituol BeL" Aptit zd,'e1rju rLr,t s,t

m) nN. br!. .l.fd h hnd sbF.E ofr mJ. q(h Lh:ur.r! r3tuk wil oI Brrh. jIaIlL rhe.td., Anne misnt demind "vXo pcyni.d rh. icouD,lrr B. wbo?,And, tit. th. lojt r, h., o*4 ,nsys to h.r own rhdo,i.at quBtion woutd .Dph6'.. our cultor.t histori.atcontusion lir.ho oi authodlip wnh pitriir.hrt 3u6orny: By 6od, iisonnen h.ddc $nkn solid As cl.rk6 h.n wnhirn. hir or.tori6 T[.y Mld. hrn wrirc, oI n.n ME Than dl fic mrl o{ Ad.d D., r.:tr.sF.

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litlr{r poer, rh.n r nrn Nholo* onbus6 pNd b.com6 lit . iomrn, Sisninandy,

ry,lE d.dKd rh{ i{ 1n. tlc,'h nor..Mv.r?d b th. sork .nil . . . dirpl.y.d iha,. . . , th. pro{, Ki ir on?oi tnsc h.na.sse !E s@d ro.e 'h.r hrch."i.A.d ,nd lm! iun lli.livcon6 burncvcr wh.n, l,!. in nn If., h. ri.d ro d.6n. hn owns.ns. of rErilig, fin thi.l..irs wir.rt 6lod, n. dcsib.d hiosclf bod :s .n .unu.h ,nd tt d nndx. rF.inelly. *6m1nden.d br mal. pow.r:..th.
ol:nInrghrton, runivingIn1dminish..l

Hopl'Dr w:ni.d b.\phin io R, W. Dixon ..$hcric .onkq!.n(.s oI. l,rl ot hd. n6-

I. orh.r wo'di, wh{ B.Brd, Aur.n.dd Ch,u, c.rallinply is ih,rprci!.ty b.auk r wdrq "t _ 1116' hn di hi herary csiions {ar *. s.w o icr) rkl,r psf$rcn, h,, pmp.ry. H,rnsd.. r&d rhcm rrngu?gc rnd d,u( B.n.r:r.d rh.h, h. 'n o*B rh.n', .o.roh rhcm, hd.ictGs i[.a o I fi.Fiiftdprs.. D6cribine hi.,.1..**..t"I oion r l snkiJ.rtr pautS,,c (q d in ts I Mo6 [n d']dhood b.l,.frh:r.ro *u. *,o I Brr. nd b.in8s uron l.[. iotink Trhl6 ot --r t V6dl .r ., . b.rcfi riyms lllhs id rh? rED oI phEq' , , ."v Nriv. 4 ludr r nodon h:v sn or fi. hc ol n, n n nor "{ho[v,n rltllim r", n i3 hn 6:nr.!j hd," d orc rchn.nhF;ob. qFc,--:nd indcd *n ery hnkr! "mrh.,.. i'uth whkh i,, Frdn,d,tty t d mh ,u$oE b i$uh. lt[jad.l rigfu oI os,.d[i, ok dE G mt. 'thand.6_ rh.r dsar. upd -d. infd..

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a A x r r n r r o r o o w r a a i e r w o ,l a r r l ',.r a r yh n ,o r i .n a n d , 'n r . r P.r i o ' rt. t aat!. te7t,.nd 1t". Laftt ts.[o,. Ht. qea) lo,\ ," m, t ov -fl "f 01tu.irl dife.enc.sin the dcv.lopneotoI r.cenr f.dinist illnstdrc!, number lhery, prina'ily in thc Unit d Ssks and Fdic.. As Kolodnynots in th. fiat Dan of th. smy hd., work by Noith Anr.ric.o Lbinn. criris and scholatr tho. incc rh. e.rly r97o, hasbe.n puBuedon ! largcsJ.,with Prof.stionat ordn.$, documeidner tradition of .eslc.! nnr.,di.s, and sexualsr.reo' rrpins would b., qun. In.irlly, .'im' ntl if.(.d out th. m,knplac of 'n 'h,t rhi resos. lt is,* Xolodny'rls, a mrrur r(r.mpli.hmcn,i but in rh. (onGrr ol aPp!' Am*ien tir.Bry studyin th. univrsnis' eh.t., sie,htic Profc5sion.l (andin powcr),rh. nony is th4 vorl by wom.n, ob*4in8rh. is in ptac 'atus appacnr protocohof $. proi.$ion, has litilc rppar.nt imP.ci on th. prcI6' si;nal appantut ns.lf. P.( of thc ans.r ro which Kolodny alltrdd s.ms fion {ork nsclf har t. cd io ft fact ih,t th. EeDtiotr of ,hc .litical and schdlarly .o.6m. continuingpd.rn of t.glec! nisr.ading,and$.rotyPing no. ir6t ot wono pods andwriics bur now of.nnc aswell.ln Fdncc, this would nor b. a qime,bt c, r@tulale; yet in rh. .ont.at of lh Modn kn8!'sc Associr_ 4,ooo doo, for.xanth, wirh nor. $an to,ooo m.dbc6, rc.chingin prhaps to ollcss.nd unt siies, it is hard to $a8. a $andalor.ven, in banycascs, Morc is at stakcih.n a diff{.n.. of s.al., !o b. sur.i bur fi. prof$ionalizaon.n unptc.d.nt.d $le dcs hav. a riotrof Inda.y nudy i' lbe U.itd StaEs of efd on how qu.srions th.ory.!c r.co8!iz.d.nd Pucuedor d.n Drcfound wharirs!.s witl b.cknorl.ds.d * consquntirl.Thc ch*.ctristic Profil.of criticisn by Andican i.dinis$ hs senclallybe.n i. histod.al studv oI thc rcprscntation won.n in lileEiur., which c'n bc pu$ucd wi$out diBtlv oI aisjng deodiql q!.stions pert.inine.o tcprescntarion," litr6tur.," or e!c! "won n." Tbcm.rizitrg ih.s qtr.$ions iD aittins fobs oi .ridcal discousc I.ad5dnc.dy ro pdcicalissues: whdt.xts wiU b. indudcd on rcadins.nd * iminrtion lis6, iho till b.3llov.d b Each what to whom, vho will bc hircd' of prohotcd, or fircd,o$cnsibll on th. basis thc P!o{.$ional..tiviti.t or tc..h_ .rhics .rc shrp.d vtih tlte aldtiof,s of fi. Iit@ry canon.nd prcre$ional b y p B ( i c a l <o n c m , ('n d r d ,n Br h ..tFkn a o r L d d a l n a i u r .sPr o h ,b i r i n sd i s' (riminihon bti..l on 5ex).n Icmrins un(drn wha ihco,.ricrl InPlicrnons tl1.y n.y \N4 As Aln. latulit! obscses, ruch of $e vork ot F.nch f.hinists has b.@mc "antifeminisl' (ir lardincl ph.!r) m n has b.com. nor. $rictlv

b !h. s*y-sh. ..c.ived h.r "divin. intuniona' throust .n .tcd!r." in th. 'rrchcd dom.lik. .6f" wnicn l.t in lh.lidr of h.avcn ' on h.r 't2isd s.it of $on., lboui ih. sia ot 2 Greian h.t rrt, inscntiis ir on @ucll'" .h. ai..i,.d lac .hd bar! iob rl. 8cn wond ousidc And o 6.@ rr. h.r v.6.t e trulhln' h.t 'pcric rhrp_ bdi..," th.r.En in ddiph.ri's !h.m Sh.ll.y .xo!.n ,. ou. ot a drid rn{ 3h. ic.ls ll.s.ll wn4 whi.i h6 .v.tud iB ona b.nisnr.r hc. !.d {rom nc, to ok Blo*ins with im.sinlion rhc po*.i" For in rEov.ing .nd rmn$tuaing o.tgy,sh.ll.y@mcs Sibyl!so....arosdc^.xurl ro *o8riz. lhn rlE is dis@.rine lnd r(ic.ti.goM c'.:iiv. tttnlly tl.ciphains*hr Po{ci sh. nodddy conI h3v. thousit' "son6n6 f.sr, '16{, obnF bd .haoric 2s tn.y arc, Iih6. F.Bl.tions fto6 $. Sibylt l.rvct os. th.n Pr.s .nr Iotu !o 6e, lheir deciph.rcr, Ar i! w. should Siv. b ,noih.. :ni*, thc paified Ingmenb *hich ! TGn sliSurxlio. fod th. oo.aic cop/ ol R lph 'rl in SL Pd.r'q h. Bould pu. rhes tocerhs in a iorn, whc. mod. sould b.hshioncd by hn o*n pccu by Charloftc Th. qu.d fo. d.riiv..ndrsy.'rded B6.E .nd M.ry Sh.ll.y in .h. Prsr8.t I hlve (lo. quord h.r h., bc.n ol mnrumins inpoene obvioa ra,ont ro 6!ny oth.r won t w.ir.s. tought whd Chns Eoily Dictinbn, lor i$sne, _Mo6.r Couorrt" a[ nct lrc, nn. Rd..6 6ll.d . .nd 3h. :lw,y! dtkion.d such t ftlntry as r land fa' po*rr. lndcd, thougi Di.bnbn\ oI liinoidi.l IraJ.d Gnn rems ho$ "My Ua. h:d nmd-. b &6n. s.xual/c.rdr..n.rsi.s in i.rdt of 1d+ .rudiw, phlllic n.chanism, n is ioPon.nr to i.-

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ho'n'n$eorcncil, !inc. ti. con.eptof hnin6m, * inh{n'd ircn th rition'l in,o quesionwh.n rationalhudankn nslf i' i"i;*t'to.-,,;..s i ,Jir." *cg*r rhu lhmr) mht Perforceqdc(iun r5_ ni'' i, "*'it*,r. -,. rh,r h^ l'*r t\' 'rr rmons nrJnv onr'dPdrry rionn huma"*'n, rhoush rh.lostrJliid Probleo rhrt rhinkcis.tt h. drh{, to -tno"kdse dcfit and tmpt 'on(cp'u'l to redre$ ini$r;ce to *1." ii t*".-;-p..ti'e 'n ";i,.,*- ,..1 . noun ac r de"r r lpr t or : ' ' ' G m o i 'h o u 8 h ' ,i" , "fem,nra,drtu rm.'Ben" ol Bends rud G n' in p'tr' r r'' eooriJ a-enca' "-,"i.t , . (h"fcLF or olturc on sooniro rhr pmbtm o o* rh. hrs in k'mt of th. (reBU'ic'l srodnd or bioloB(al dltindon *l't.i, ,i*,'" 'r,nlo,('ns Iron whi(h ,r.r.otvprnBtho dsi!'s' K"lodN! rtcummrin Ditritrs rh'oueh rh' Mrnfi'lJ r'l"s I dis'renr qr6tion ,oDl.*r'i""ri_rg *ut'. ,t'. tound!'i'i ol hr'arvsuJv pcr r' b aN dtrrer tonrrnrion:l r*unprions rbout litcrJtv hnro'). mkrPrdauon n \oc Xulodnvrdun(\' m.thod.Thelhtc. proPo'itions 'orn'rrEnnem' '" ;:-;.naa_ t-. u.* i..'t". d'bri' \in'c thc I r' t e4os: ropd or rhrur 'ricrl that litcrarvnisiorv . k : liction"wasa c'nkal isu' in dis_ thl proposition N.* c't,i.' andinsarv hntor;n''whil' dr' con!'ntionth't t'!*..',r'. to "',j, . . iot tx$ blt pradisni'i5 esscnria! rhc "*" l. *.i-*.."a Noih' op Fr ) c ( r ' c c l s R P ! -g"c.. olrrchcop rlc r nr * r ollos ' ng rrzuncna 'r t 3 Korodnvi thi'd proPosi' or *.cunrr.m #; "asons ";:;;;;ir;. '.',^'rh. untrer\r|N of (thct( iud8mcnt $rl d'dd8_ '" ri".,.alhnB into que{ioi, of(nu(rlnrcrh"ds. n rh' Y'ry me'nsbv iDzd. r.examrn,uon {rtrc_ <'ivion.,rc rnicut,rrd rs *.h lh( i< )u! to srr' rhlr th' inniotionrl r n Nor r h Am ' ' |r u r b$' d l6 i o n ri"'," ii' i. i,-a..i. 'd i c u l r k d ""av ..a;l\ rbn on lrk hinn(nrh{enturv nouoii of Phi_ 't'-",*i rheory'now '".-r",'*,nd -lil(rry <hronolugv in rnd rh'r coutses dticnm Iolocv 'nd un"*",i.s, *e'. rv,rhbl. { onlv ' i'w maior innnurion( in "s.[J; ^*r {h o h r _ ( an r eninnt{ ir i' n r n +. t . * "r r ion ol An' t 'D d ' " " , . 4,1.,,ip l".t r,<rt'*"ru(hol i' bcBrn\uh the,$dmPrion thit fcmrnq .r""",.-.r... rt'. I Prim,nlv do(um'ntrrv problcmoI Iner:rv hnrod Incr:o srudyprtntd i'd'nni c' in6 \in" l..ompl;hm.nr o{ r-. il" rii"i.r ' i.", 'hc 't'. ^m'ri"n Kolodn'!$ork n k$ in rh' dodopm'nr of r llr. rc605.cx.moli6cd,n 'oh'ient rnd g'ndd an ,t'"n ;n mrk ins rher(us oI r.minhd r...1', *i.". ,i.-i "i .s'.niirlrnd inetc,Drble nrn olrnr con(mPo''ry rhcodisl dhcu$ion AnnencKolodnyi vori ii.lud.\'ltv Ii, ol ttt t'ul: M'tdpbo d' Ltp'ti' Hktot, i, A"'ctian Lif. af.l L.tt.t' \re7 t) ^ d'rt' U"A be{oe Hel en e 'ntl ft|o-1860 (tt8a) s"also Fankst a Fi.ti."ce olth. A'n ti.a, FrontieL hcr "i Mao io rcread;ns:Gndd and ii.lntrprer,ion of Lird'rv T'xs,' N.a Lit.tdo Histot! tr \r98o).

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",t'-,*".,'t-'t"d to post * .5rtnak "i notro m' c h In" Had rnronc h:d rh. pr<*kn". in 'a6e cirF h"mndl 16rl, :nd dhidl coBe 6 rrl',bd asc;hon af,itin'ns ' l'mini" li'drrv 'hr 'lt qu.n.ca ol wom.n! p:diciPlion in' ot c(m,+. m,EhtI'N. b(nFlJ.in th'lv:rc:r^ljl 'xcrueon Iri,hr3 Abod lvo'd 'rh{ tInvoN'o !.llmrnn! (du,l n.rcorvpinsolwom':' m mlr .xposins,h. ourl .'rtur.3ndourlirdrry a{' ol dFhhlhcd (trF d.moNtrnins 'nrdequ:q l:trlv or$eN'rv mdhod! lnd 'h. .i dook 'od'al ln bo:d odrnc sith mttt sntr.n bt $an" !h i pr.ddion *ould hr.noo<l e'll'h' k('t n h( Ellnrnn{ bool co'rnus io e !m.. ';d, widdv !.:d rnd o poinr us in u(lLr dtrc'none' i n Le6e vh:;(oul d nd hr. ban:nd'rfrd ho*.v.. *$ rh. sFlPtnE lorc ol 'n 'deorogv gnp b' rha( lor n,ny ol ur' hdrd o brida' rhc pR n,h. *orl d s $.l oud i tand th' * odd.r $'

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,4!N.rft xoLonNY oniz.rion- Nd ro dlch buildi.g updn on! in' o,rrr'r Nor[ $ d,rifrirs, su.cc$ie.ly,dE pr..ma.n ot ihc qucniotu !o b. po*d, sydncy J3n.t rnd K.phn, Ellen Mo.r, P.tri.i. M.f.r Spacks, El.in. Sho{dr.r, rfr one m.nyoth $.n .n.rsier o, delin..line rn ink.nrly onri$ rent"body o(work" hy*om., Ihrt Dishi $rnd.r a lcsal. ouotdrndnion. For K1pl.t, in !97r, rhis .'Eil.d qibining ron.n w.n{r vrrioos ar znd *lr' I kmps ro pod-y G---.comciou$6! oFso.y.tur i rcsciosn.s, no!e : psycholosr(al lT a srylirti. or rh.rodcrl d.via.''Th.r.amc yerr, tbat lit ratut publi.i'.r tLc priI'Brins !.srialt I ur., spackr phc.d hcr consid:rrtio' oI 1 Lmdc lisasi.arion' wnhin $ci.l Md hnbd.,t n.n.s, .!o onclude rher "lor r..,lily diiccnibl. hhbriel i.asons wooen firv. characc'ntically conc.oed ,r.m*lvc, *irh 61ft8 moe or l.$ pgiphcnl to m.l. coi.ern., ind rhc aEribukd o tlis frd rn in.vitr6!. diftrtncc in rhc Iit.rtrry .mph:$i $d subiet n:ftes ol ler3le rnd hale wriids" Thr n.!t r3r! Modts Lit'totj Woder: Ite Cral w''ts6 aoclscd on dr p:lhwaF of litcnry i.nF .n.. rLI h&.d rh. Ensliih !os.l a. th. L.nds ol !p wo'n..." And 6Dally, !977, ShoDlt.riek in rh. ryftd ot a "f.tulc lildry @dirion in th. Enslnh nov.l iro6 rh. s.n..tiion ofih. Brcntas ro dE prclc.r dly by .4!ing thl b.cius. womd in viihin ih. grn.ril rcnrtitui. 1 Lind ot lubdldr. Ir.mewo.t ot r Lcr $ci?iy, th! wort of wom.' writ.is, i. padiohr, woul,l th.rcby d.noasrar.. uniqol ealu.s,conv.ntioat,dP.ri.nes, .rd b.' .!sn.Iolnd hlviocihpingingon..chindividuJ hcr dur.cs ol "sdl-.xpr.$ion El.dv. to a dohi_ n,!r{,nd, byinpliqiion,nal.l.oci.rr.') Ar ih. sam. ti(. dit Nomrn *ritc6 *ereheins redridd.d aid rcrcld, mt. wit B ssr 6initl. Mod.- Btnith Ibar (u'h:i:: uni<sny oI llliiok rEi, tr7t, P.r, srd&,liF Krph <xpbiff,ltrt rh. n ulirB thr tm rR'od.ol $omo,u*rrd,h.noqn r.miiiiib, indnor a *n.hins rnonyno$ \'nh 1p:diolt $nibiliry d.onaa.dwhh it *. ind' .ndoc kmlc*dti.I i rry d;tce : hshod ot.handq;itioi ol '.DJB (NN "P ch rl.ri Sp{k!, rr, F.'L I'astdii' Yo a Etr Bo o r !,r 7t, P .!.l A u I rlEl.nrh{i Liraprywoaa. Ii. c Ed rv.it., (cn d.n ciry.N.Yi Doubl.dli reT6llarl ')stnwlt t, A Litd'tua al ltrn ou, r, | |,la!) hrlr subi.ctd to. ne Lminisrs.r.iny, Th. cdiinuins ruuk-ro pu! y..6 of di6olt rnzlrrit inro h..r norfiinel.$ thrD .n I .ingl. snt.ft.-h.r rcutc .t nriv.n6r !o lh. wiys in vhich cclrin pow.ri.l..ion!, usu2ltinos.in whi.h malBwi.ld varios lornt o{ innu.na d.r len,ks, .r. in_ scrib.d i' d. i.rc (borhlitertry 2nd.rnical)rh:r *. hrv. inheriad, .ot mddy .s subj.d mzn.r, blr gta ar $c unquBdoned, ofio u'rc!.owlcds.d oI lh. cuhuc. Ev.n nor. impoMnr rh:n lhc n.w inkar.iaions olindividu.l rxB rr. lh. probings inb rhe @nkqu.nd {{or *om.n) ol th. @nv.n_ tion. .hrt irtom rho* t rs. lor ?smplc, in su. v.ying !.l.a.d nin t.nth' antl .rdy N.nn. cstory Brinsh nd.L whi.l.mPlot wha.5n. calk I thc Ncsunots .o,v.n.ion," J.an E K.nmrd I 3"ush ro und.,finJ *hy ind hos th. tr'crurul ii. h,nd5 or , d.nrnd! ot d. on!.nh.n, cv.n i.*i *o,l !o'nimplt thl in' / *o-"n *'i-., "bt I Lriodry .nd tuc6ety $bordinaion or won.n rrs onr ' H.' re73stodf, Vdr6or.Conudtkn,9n ' i[drh.,yB6olicn!tu..olth.6rdiis.whjchcon_ thtd v..iionnllr@.clud6tucht.v.lt'indies j!rh..r of .h. prohsonnr b sociry! v,lu6, . condition*hicht.qu4.dqirhh?rfr attrri+ X.n_ i3 with th. trd th3r rh. nld s dnc.m, id.ver, su!.runl ddnr.ds oI fi. iorn too otun saai6c. p..cnJy $os. vimct of ind.P.nd.ne,nd ind; vjdudit"or,inoth.rwoids,th.v.ry'qDalnidN. hav. b&n invn.d ro :dmk in'rL. h.'oin.r''' K.n us agninn dr.wing n.rd .pp.opthtdy aldoB fron h.r mrL rt siFplisicrlly r.dtcriv. $*s .bour tfi. fiindic ft!:doN b.M.n ,d lnd lif., Yd tlss6u thd wh,r b inh.r lppro..h .on.$.b$ podnt 2bout ! fidjon ir nci vhdh.r h.'dr in. blt }h.i th. rymbolic d._ d..ft or . n{ri1e., n.nd! of ttd p.nidlt conv.nrioni mdids inPlv .bour rh. v,lu6 .nd b.licG ot de \ond th.t cnscF Hd sort $u p.dicipaG in a srowing .nPh:sisinImini h.rrry stodyonrh. ftdoIlit.bbre x. soci.l inrtitution,. mh.ddd oo! only wnhi, ns ow. lit{ary mdnaons lut slso *ithii th. p.nidl.r physisl nd n.hlal arih6 or ihe tdi.q Gom ehich ir con... Adunhniins Mill.ns r97o d.ci r.o.ction5" io , pre.d' sion io .nchor n.r "lit.,it .n.lrdr ot th. hit.oncrl $c,.1, ,!d ..onohic '"s rko E. x.ni:ir, vidi;' ot cottinndr 6,ni6, r6a, r3, !1 lA!.1 Com.;A(hod Booli rr73),Dp.

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I rJd. r'J r17!.nd re7] i.sp..iv.b,' cornrd r.print hou6 vi.d wnl on.,nodw rn rli. rtPrin! i,, ing o( {rl'olos,a oi lo* t*s mJ, in$nr.x*r, dr t.printing of whol. $ri.s. Fo. rhos. ol $ i'r .lt ph.nonrnon Ah.ri@ lii.rltuft 6p..i.ll, pomi*d 1 rrdical 6l*pins of o,t .on.cp. oI lirt .nry hisroryand, th. v.ry l.r$,3 n.wchrpt(in und.shndins rn. d.v.lopm.nr of mm..t ln.nry $cesful w.r. rhc$ So coBn.rcbllt ftditioG Gprinrinst .nd so andn.d w.r. tfi. rcpnnt hotrs.s ro $c politic.l ltiruds oI lh. adjen@s tor whi.h tl.r w.a ofr.d, tlDi Gny ol6 found out&lves which @d to 6mp.i critidl inroductior, Muld 6.d in th. r.s6 of nin.t .nth{mtury do. 66tic $d &ntimatil ficli.ts 6om. 5tm ot sifid nuGd ..b.lliors or ov.n r2di6lnh, in 3nticipr' w2v. of N.q r.ninisn " In F non oi thc d'mi lo* radrnA wirl our stud.n$ rbc* pr.vidsl/ * nis.d p.rplqing quesnons srLs,win.vnrbll b rn. r.,$ns lorthendimpp.aianc. Gomrhcanoni ot 'nijorwo*s," an,l scworrnd ovd rh. a.r d.tic.nd criticrl.rir.rir by *hich dey h,d been :@.,1.d diminGh.d*:rur lhis in6.,<d ivrilability ot worls h) women stcE l.d, oI ouc?, !o !n incr.rkd int r6t in rha! .lcocns, if rny, mbh conniste somc sort oI lnny 6r conncdion ,nong tlEn. Th. po$ilility th.! women nad d.v.lopcd cilh.. a nDiqu?or !r l.d r El.ad t..diiion ot thcir om dp..t.lly innjslcd thor oI u vho E.citiz.d in on. nrional or in hnio'i.al peiodi Nintr h.t.tu.. o.l'otll.r, B,tn's votun Fictian: A Gtid. tb Nouh by MA tbout Wmn 'k An ri.., rtro-r37o'd?monnakd rh. Aneric,bisfs p.n.hant tor c*2frining rnar *.r. orc. th. bc{idl.s" of th.k dat, th. r.nk oI$.popuhr 6cnon writ.tr, amonswhich wom.nrdolidominamplic.droughoutth.iin.' rmrh c.nrtrry,while th. f.mn'ii $udnsolBrnish h.ootc .npbariz.d inn ad th.wetrlth of *oncn srit.6 wha luv.6.en r.Frded r voithf of can'R.b<e l{rdjis Drvi, ljf n .r! toz M.r,4 orish,ll/ DblLrh.J lh.^lex, irodrb, AiiLl h 'r.',,@rirkd ;rh "l brsEph'elinEerdino L)T'll'.ol5o od ahnloe Pqlaitr' vd,btrd.N.Y., F.mrisrPEs, 'eTt. c Eq"I1IlYdldwv!|lp,Pg,"ongidllyP!b|kh!di' (FrhFd $ih dr N@ E' /,; Mds,:r.. Ma (olr ws.hury.N Yl a AfRwd by Ehff R. H<dBB'3er: tlf,nlB4n, v/bdqr\ Fittion: a Gtit. to llavet3b! ',d won.r ilt affiia, ltrhaa, N.f-: 'N,o-']tlo 'b.& Univ.Eity Pt$, r e73)-IAU-I Comdl

.onrclB ot s.n.l Politics,'' mo moi not.hlr t-illi Robinsn!-b?pn. wnh .h. prenis. rhrt tfi. pr4.s of.disric cr.: on .on' ii.s no. of sho*ly napp.'ings in rh. hc.d but 6f . miching ot thc strtt and Proas.s ot tynbolic ood.ls rs:ini rhe {2d and ptd..ss 6i th. sid.r *ond," L Th. po*r rclariom in!.rib.d in th. Iom ol conw.ionr w i.hi n our h.rt ry inhlintn F. thcsc clitis !rgu., dty th. .nedings oI ihos. eh? And ih. criti' pow..i.lnioni i' th.cllor.{Lrs. cod6 b..om.s, in ."1 .".minriion oI rh.tori.:l oI id.olosiol 6d.s, b.' fi.i. hands. lh. rutut c.u5. borh e',boAy .n[.i v.h? syn.ds or ih. di.v.lu. syd.oi Morc lecric o{ @np.tirion b.Mc. oftcn thrn nor' th.s. diii6 insi' uPon .rlnining nototrlrrh. mnrolinAollic it .r. bnt rl$ ihc.or hds.ll ro n iv. ierlct ot .n on tii.. Addr*i.g to. cr_ ifi. popul.r d avriLhl. to sotking s.nd, noi .npl., Rotinsn n inr.r.s.d in lndd*rndi.g only'\1. foms n osct'6ur, mot iopodtr, lh. nyihs n cgt$, ifi. in0r.ne n d.c "'T[. wlv ny ologiz,6r 2d h.lps peple to o'd.r, intcrPrcr, dispo* of tfirn own.xpdidc.," sh.ddl,G, n.v b. .orrllr 2.d ofr.n lnbiBnous, bu. n is not im_ r' ro$' bl .od.6n.. v]Eh.r iB i(nr S. xpm th. mn nrl or th. inrginriv. cort xR ol lit.rary inv?nrio.; sin8jc r.xB o. conr. c2no8; $. r.l.tions bcse. .d_ rho6, gcnn., or bnioriat cirom lho* orwdl'lnown n.m4, tljc vrri.iy and div.. iiry of.ll f.minh lir.rry diticism fnrly @t.ts in nr $rn.. oI .lmo* dcfcnsiv.r.r.tdjn8 Vh.t aarnnn. Ridr h.d cdi.r c.ll.d rdilion, lh.. i., '\fi. .ct ot loolins b.ck, oI &.ins vnh fr*h .v6. of.n!c.ing ,n old t r. lron 3 n.w diticll dt?c' don." '' toot on . mor. rctiv.ly 5.lf.PrcEctiv. col' oG on in r e73, sn.n Jndi$ F@rlcy all.d upon rh. mmlr Fad.r b lcrn io r.sin" rlt. sGr d.hd to signs, r.rr m,sht m1L. uPon h.r-slinE ro rp.;1, bv m.nipulats id.nnly:s.in*h.E.lf, 'o but ins hcr iyEpathi.s on bch,ll oI d.lc h.rc ! s6 Mill.ft, s.:",r Polt'?r, pi n " Ik t-n.at "rh. ei;i; R.fle-

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Drt.i"E wrnins5b/ rom.!, rhcn ou.6nds & qu.niontd on ac*h.tic Brolndi And if w. 2r. ciiiicr d?i.. minedro nr..de rdrniontu dadiigs, ir is cllimd rhrt ofi lGus is loo o!iiow .ntl our dtrlt $. orl) distohionsor, wore still, pol.micalmiscadiDdi Tn. very rcn.m.n.. oi r!. alEq coupl.d $irh rugltcssnor our toBl dismi$al ir Fnc quttc," ourd?ficirnci6, how.v.r, b rh. potn!:lntrs,i. tud. of our d.ll.ns.. For$lrt wc,rt'3j<n,s b. a9 scorinizd d dodins l.s th,nrh&ddlNnl

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.srin* l.mal; rlcw or 6nch ch.Ec!.6.'' Und.F :::;.r ':r.'ding h* 1.1 .l a, -: : -:c-, b..n rh. io.un.xF.t.d rllirn.. bd*t.^ icn,i'rilr d li*.rr rd/ rnd i.nini,tdudi.sin linsn:.i6 _t:!i. Ok,:nl co.:'dnsnr. ;cqunitior. l;.!a!. r,:.1!h.d*ijdof"!rydlriia-btrcn_ o;.: opprt anued ir.-e.t..c[.d,..ntun.6{ld iivc @w.. r..lnies, .rly on incolpoad nto l _ th. s!rs., " hasbd gEn $bt.ntiv!.n.ltsi!in bnBUrS.ai.syn*rningrof LninGs$honudy 6oli. syn.'n cl$.ly i.d b t piti,rchzl soci.l *rucr!r.. 'T,k.n bs.rn?r, $.n erk d.monnnt s ol linsu.B. indtbli$ins, rcfie! "$.inton.n@ in8,.nd nrinirinins.n tlymm.risl r.hiio.ship S.M..nvom.n.nd h.n. ''

k*#P##ffi*#**il

j-*'.;fi ol ft .,.ry ;;'.'"- oolul.h;'rldnion iii: !r.:! and. rnvhl:'.,I loflN .!r.dy ,PProp x,rd, !.,r ,1itu.i.i r. Lh. purPd.r o1D.L .4'a th,r iion,will b. forc.d turll/ blwcd.'vnh l suis. itr ,n .f,on 10 Emllc it a a losD:8. ol .d.qu.t. toou' on..ptu.l trcc6*.'"To.ll rhn, t nini$ mnc.in.d with ih. Flhid of Lnsuls. d 3ryl.lBv. ben .dcty,ftnriv.. r,. suas. 6nerh ,n invi..i6l. adv.*a.y,' obs.rvc Fr.ncn.'itic Hallr. cjrcus, h.dus. n'3 th. lansu.s.of m.n.ndlh.nsnDmr. " But.qudiyitr_ ikr.it, .i in .h. wo'l ol Stndr.Gilb.( dd Sdan Cubrr, h:t ben rh?md.sr'ndins o{ $. ncd for ,[ ed.R, h.l. d i.m.l. alit.' 6 l.2n b pdc tur.ih.od.di*Mlmjli{nnivdtdof rymbolic ,crio. $.r .onprn. Noh.nl *ritins5, P'{ rnd
T. HrvE ft.drEd o manydin ult qu6tioN aod 6 h.ve !.comphh.d s huch-cv.n ,clndlcdsinr $. in?'irabl. falsc shft, ov.rhtpins, and rcp.ri.ion-in !o 3ion a rinc, shduld e.linly hav. Gur.d f.mini$ lieary ciricnm :n honotd journ.y thich w. t.ih o. rn' dsoine intllerurl .ritiol 2nil/sir. 'I.n..d l6!cl,/ r(n in rcd.ni. oI b.ins w.lcom.d onb tn. ftln, how&r, w hav. ben (odd o n.sorid. . mi'.6.1d, Thc Ery .nh:v. rcn<Lr.d .l3r rnd div?cir/ of out ..r.tp.i$ us vrlDcrabl. ro ,na.l on rh. sounds rnat e. l.ck both d.6nnion .!d oltrenc.i whilc our Fdicul.r io !h. *.y3 it which lir.r,tuE .eod6 dcn.iv.r.$ md dis..minrt6 .uhur.l v,luc sy*.n! olh dosn upon us inpr.crtio*.choing thos. h.aP.d trFon th. Ni.*ist criti$ ol dn .a.li.r 8!n.rarion. li *. at d.di..t?d b r.dieov.ring . !6t bodt or sl'ol,* ! lulu t i.loo.n:rb:rdSu'nV Robbii!'lcrrd: ara,E, m. 6 (ie77,,p. 6J.l^!.1 i.h,nR' lHaltn. Circu!. ^;hlnc""Tn, bnal of $. M.du.d kn' (Sunm(tt76)l Ki],cofi.nrn'lr:uhCoh:4sit8r ,.|" fL. k |h Ahr: Ih, ^|',]bofu| Ihbsk'tio. th. Nn kbth cdr4 Lr'dq \N.w H*d. c.iD.: YrL lniEsiq Pns, I t7tt, Stdd M C'lb.n hd S$rtrC$nru&so' $n {m.nl wnrint! rE ii ktrk "Dnim'sri.' h .t.[.n'r#a d-'@ -tu 6Rrl d ;bnR &.Fr, rBt r<tsblt Fid rcFrbl.l hkLolmdnins F Trt ft t! lde.iib jn i[.i' vi.v. :; n ddiF.d bdfi b dp6 :rd io

;anhtr l1n8!:srun norlanblt n, in_ guagc (qunition is gc!d.Fn.ur1l," sr.d, ihb&a wnh our sd-inndd cultur.l v:l' u6i D.nd i{, ddirionrlly, a.dins it i pro..s oI oldgni6etion'r' in an] "pni.3 our th. nrudB r.!t, ih.n m.l. r.rdci. *ho 6nd rh.nsclweo'tsid. wnh thc ,yoboli. sys.n. th.r ot and ! inili:r in $om.nl vririnsr d$ibE L6a1. .rpd..c. a, und.ci dismist $o$ ,I{.n. will na.$rily ph@blc, m..ninsl6s, o. trivi,l AJ{q4ff:g: flldnh F<d(h,1L. R4rM3 nad1. A Fnk6t ^p pto'.t b A4d;ai Fkr6 \a @ni'na. tndnnz vd ,Tilli. ol*c $ifod (N.* Yo*: D.lr.od. P6i 1973),

rnrt, lor rh. 60r tall o!r crnicll.oll.tEu.rh* e.s..l ro Emsni* d I t!.h- l. odir *ddr wh.t i. @lly b.ins bd ail.d in ih. cl.itis rhi *e dnbn B. or rhr.{d $. dnrppcdnc. oi rhc sr..t VJc&rnlit.r.ry reditim i6ell"li no! so nuch rh. disipp..nnc.ot.nhcr t.xt or fudition but,in$.a4 $c edip$ ol lhrt prrtkuh' /o', oi d,. G* n'd rh{ p icularJrct. oI ih. anon which p'.yiousl/ ri6cd tu|. rcadcr5l *ns. of porc.lnd sisnifica.cc rncwond.Analogourb, in bl rslin8 rvhdher, kdc6. s. oughrro be :s srote 't*lly srir|ied rhcmnixseol Do.othea by b will Lrdnhwl ol ShnL/ kcld.r !o Louir rvc Moor.l .r whdb.r,zsK.nn:d 5ugg6s, mN rRlon *nh th. $.). in *hich th. quini.! s. hiv. b..n invn.db rdnil. in th6. h.roin.,Ihttrl b..r trriri..d ro erucntr:l n.atn6s,"'" k o rais.
r(rft s!finlizatioi $ii '$l* dn'insuilhd qdi Dzry hdkr rd rtdd rbox *on.r frcn t iinnr qusrion. ol AtIr ki. rd d.mrndins id.olosisll) eirfadory !n5s.6 ro rioi quddoB *. h!.$ of tr.' A Crq AsiN f.ninnr crnnirn.' I4r,,rR -rldina a./i ) 'n ('e76)dork nprdr) arE i hor pN.iry oi rimilkr iu.h nn.oiaprior. $r a.lw! 'h. (nid sl'o:rc sritd r rhft in En8lilh d+:fr.!is piid. rhit o'l.ok. oi .h. eddr or t],.n 'h.ftrls h. k *dui rl'.liaa.t.onntruitt "Anbiytrnt * bl3iRr 'borgh witl HoE! Hrold 8!oon n6.tld*3 $m.wn* omircudy flolh6id thn dt 6d hr 6rc,k-.. *illbibrcudr:boutinsdsri6D5b@n., ilh. brrrnin* rtli*ion ol Lib.r:t,l voori 5p.adr frcn i6.1016 ol.dthu!i.3E 6 &minG dr w6f in ,4 Ma, of nftr.al,a N* York Oxlod Urn..iry PG$, rr7t, F.rr. oi p. 16, h! {loo{l.dss thn d \ourd o5dcil $hil.bfthin* !iyiol.dl{l1qu I dpq&J h' iudsn.n. od Rob.n Losdlrid Nor Nlld Lra b lnshii3 rhorc ii($. nrn Mrikr, "ir uron . . . d! 6r! qlrnL il I.xrrled n:/ iudsDcot 'h.nsr. ot von.i: Lhrnd6i. "lAu.i 'YaE"d, vidi6: dtca,lht;M, p- ta.lA!.)

dilficult,ndD.ofou.dlyp.rpldin8q!6rioB.boui ,h. .rhn:l nnplctio of our oihflis. unqu6. h rioncdr*ddi. pleasurd. G,iti.r.ll,rninpori' rioo ol I' s[ orde ro 8k rhc ai."d 6 dtid o u!l'.1D. surisms5 i3c.ne$h.r, b.fo'qh.h:d 'n l.rpi hr cv. tu.d tumly on rlqr)! h.omLrrbly Hrnlct.Toundfr* d rll rhis, th.n' rs th. G.l nrh4 i n@ns F l urc or rh.!l i Lhns . rhl c of.,.d qu.ne, n rh. mo'i'riion for ih. otun N.n hoe tilie \t h.vc ,rcn!.d, sholld hclp !! l6rn to *$ n.sorrc lh. m'n.ficld, iot eid srrc, 'l 'h.n nLsr, .ldi.r cmpRhdton of i6 un&rlyin:J Th. w,yi in wfiich objc.tions to otrr rcrk .E ulually ponJ, o( cou6c, src to ob,ce $.n dc.p{ morivarios- Bur ihn n.n in p..t' b. du. b our own r.ienc..t t,kins ltrll rapo ibility to. tn. hlr r.dicJizins pr.mk6 th.tli..t th. iho' Ii rcricrl .orc ol all \t h3rc $ {ar t@Bplish.d mly b. rid!, rhcrctor, ro r.didr di*ussid,Iot ins otrr rdv.n .r to dcal lh. eubdriirc 'ith issud 3nd pushinsoud.lve i't acl.aEr.nidl.ion of wh:t, in Gd, *.1r. tbout, Up urdl ns,I i.rr, {. h.v. dcdr only pi.c.m.ll wiih rh. d'6' culd., inh.r.ni in chilldeing rhc thoriv of.s . *elldcr tibhh.d c.non! .nd tll.n jNrj$i63 oi rom.nt tuditions, smctioE h .aord *ith land.rds to wlich rh?y laE do intinric r.l,tion, ,r Nlicl w. nun p.rfo@ dGt Aih.wrypoi lh. d;couG.-thar n, cbiEins dc.lLne or ihdi&usio' hr! dpoftsne lo. onr "fn&"-1!l rcrd, w. dno.r, lons ryo bct clos.rl lt K4. chopin sc. r.d/t wonh rcdin&" d oxloidratrd colhasu. onc .sur.d h., !h.'d h1v. hned-lil. Sh:k6pc.E"; r.d h. thd pread.d ro v.r. lsiins rn. English dcprnmmt! crcdii.E r \rcn.n\ stodi6 $nin.r ! s{ of.dng in Af,.net soN. ud.c- Th. ano., ior hin. confd.d.ront hq clllcne; Chopir'i .xclusio' d.momr{.d le$dlonh. Ar h',s h. wa conen.d,l @uld io cr.dit fo! more i$tify siyins Enslirin.p2m.nr (h. nldy ot Clropin rhu r could dt. pubii.ly to gu.srion Shl.sparc's soiu!- TlrcDd hii&idr, I hlv. now con. to vi.w $at dio$ion as noi only ha'ing po$d ltuitlc$ opp.sirionsbur.Lo n.ving .ntncly cvadcd th. nuch mor. profolnd prcblm lurliins ius bak.rl ih. surfrc. ot ou dikl^d m.nr Thrr i!. dri rh. Ld ol.rrcnirdd luu .'v rnr, n!ad, m\d.r itud.nts ro odu onry Inft:t

!n. Ch.dr xr,n.i 8nn.Tlon., rn.rNrtre H!d.! R; t r!u:s. rd c.inurio.io!," "P.nqdird.i \w tra, s,s"r , (tumn( !e73r,616.lA!i DsE Adn.nD. Rrdta'nrion oI'h! .uthnd. l.4urs. lar 6d .tt ftn( t z mrha i! o/ E t'-i.ad d/.1 lBtitr' votun Ban: lrothdhat v. ,oi (Ns York, w. Nonor, I 'e761,p. lNdt Furn:i, Tk Sndy ol !0omo rnd L:naursrl ".lAu Connrn .i vol, r nr ,,' J,iFt . G.ll !r7r)l !Apii, nyplrni.s--dIbfr C.tre Thid.DdqiP Itrory o( c!ru'q- hkuq: Tdid r lftry.dK r r.l n.l tttutiM ol6ttn.4

soi

ANN.TE XoLoDNY

Drn.iae tbftrEh th. Mir.fr.ld

5oS

f n!!v moHnqd'o$ n:din$ "mlir(rrrn I tqp!r9:!i!g!!19:lllr"l!!9llcrm$ I redv idrukd bv crnonnnion.

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irto ifi ir dola. and $lI sfr ins s I oislt liv. inEri.ckd ,06. *1ttm.n' .l 6y nshr b qnddoD wlry ,,) t xt it rev.r.d rnd my *.d .o lnd whd n tc& us .bout now pd liy., how *. haE be. living, how w. havc bc.n hd .o io,8in. ourslv.s, Imdl how otrr hrsurs. has tr,pped * Ell $ li6.!.t d us."r1Thevdy frcr olourcrnicl rliri.g viirin rh. *ridufts impo*d bt rn.!xb_ hh.d c.non ofnrior worLs1nd,rtrho6, howev(. rcF4.dly d.0..6 us frcn $& gu.$ionr' l ieid, *. 6nd orsdvd cndlc*ly rt5Pondi4 ro de .rpsk th:r$r N.dh.lnin8lt n,l. Pr.senelnorg aDo.iel lnthos *8 only !n r{i'lcnt oI his.o.y .nd ndlr inr.ntio..lly s.xi*, eupkdwiih cliins to d. "obviou a6th.ic m.rit o|!o* ctnonizcd .*ch'n8., s?Rin8 rcx& lt ir, a3 I s,y, r ldiil.* norc b ob.dn rlm b.xPos. ln. criiory 6c iry prcrd.d rnd dr4ging !s, ag.h .nd eg.jt It h ny on..riion rhrt curcnr no{ilid.s hklt L tandorm.d ino 1ru. djalos&tnhou.critiG il v. & lr$ m:d. .xDli.ii whar ipp?3t,ro thi! ob_ $t I' b on*iruGfi. thr. cruli3l propositioos b ebi.n our spcciil inkrcss intvkxbly siv. ris.. ll|ct .r., ror$ver propcnions *hkh, iI h3ndhd wirb c.rc rn,l int l,is.nc., could hrc.$. !.w Ii{. ino now no.ibund rrt2s oiou.p.ofc{ion, G} lit' .Fry hiltory {x'd with dEt, rtu hi*ori.ii} ofln{a' recu$tiowro orc) Ga ridon; (a) h$tudw! r.d efil. w. cns,s. :r. not i.xs btrr pxndisns; .td 6..llt (rl tine ih. sBunds upon which w. 2s !i8n 6th.ti. hlu.6 r.xts rr. n.v-infrllibl., un' ch.ns.abl., o' Eiv.czl w. mu r only onr r.srh.ti6 bul, rt well, ih. inh.cnt biass sd .$umpliors intornins dE citicd metlod5 For *hi.$ (in p:d) rhrp. our r.'rh.r'c 6Pons will nor id.mprroo(-,h. tull 'hsrl.olbEviB,l aryum.nts lo. crc[ but, arh.r, only $6dmt c12L oEdon b d.nonnnE vhar I 3e !s th.n inti'sic El.no b th. pohtirl !cop. of :!d Pi!$nt chil_ !6s. iEpli.d by {dinirt lir.ilry idr.

rt( iillFn..i trPonr.d rh. ini.ronn4ions b.. s..n work, s.nat, $d,utho6, Th.t modelw. rtrd to lo4d, how.v.r, it ot ott ovn F.lin& l. willrl. a v.ry di6.dni rh.p.,.nd dplii. ns incrBion,.nd .rcluions in v.ry did.dr wty., iI !h. llla nd lidrry r.isnins.ri!i&l id@losy 6di.c {om, duk ton,omt tind of dspins int h.l nyl6 tnd ndnioff o' dialatic{nhin pl*nt,e il, b/ .onran, th. id.oloSy d.cl.r.t .htt lit..ry ch;s. ndtpnd.ni upon3odcFl d.v.lop6.nt 1nd rhdilor. dct rmin.d hyuphlaqL in $csocid and .coNnn o.slniudion oI ln. mltur. t lal*c-rr In' in th. prcviourc.nsly or Engrish ded, *l.i.vd litc'rrr scholaBhb on. altemalivc : "{ndico rtplic.J ilc o$.., *. s:w dr.mnic dEadont in

nin $ss66, $en, th.r our r.tu. of 1 liEr.ry

6ni t und.d.odins ot ll). pi$.r n is in our ned utiliE ifi. pan on b.l.lt or . bd.. to qill up 'd u.d;Erndi'rs oI th. pt6.nt Tnu., (o larapht$ b point D.rid Conas Hon n b.cood n.e$ry ol ait ,nd lit.ratur. our rhd rh. und.ahndi.s ir sd.h ,n .s.nthl .tp6. of .h. p.ed!'. ..ll undidbidins thai thn slfu.d.6.andins cotdidoni yhr d.n sla hr.." as con$ituijnB lhar .r tistic and lndtll/ p!*, Ao quoe Hoy tul1y, this in connnuncint +r!,ion atrL.pr(8cshrnd L,nd ri,h .h. dntinual r.inr.a(blion by lh. rrc'.n'ofi6dl."" Id our own ti6.,!n..nainar!o $hich, iI 3n, oodcl tdly 2.otr.s Id oDr crronidl .hoi..s or sccunt ly a?hins ln.Rry l sbry,:n,l prc$o..d ludi.r by ri. f.minirts elllor mmmi som.turifionon olrh..nFri, by "hi.h wddngi *dc lllgcly .xclud.d Gom bod tn* H.rold Bloom cendn :nd !n.ory, *. srft.r -h{ h.5f.lkd". rmaikib].diBoin8"of 'our mutuel nB; of 4lonical $nd{ds." " hb dn 4p1r.nt iipas., lcini.isr ln.rery rh.o_ riss.idplicily introdue th. obs.naijon thlt otr! h e rnd ryalurdori oI dd.ni IiI.dbE "I,"i,.s ol tolidit'ns or ol Ghapins our !h..(&t.id.r ,Itlr &n ir 1p@pdirion.ur.dt .xPr$.d by so. i@mtrlnc ,iJ lordrlir dnid; rh. bd i*dr{ oailr ndnd p.o6!ht lpts8 id C.oq Lukrc. V'r.. & Dml4 reTo), a c/ir (Ns Yor[, cl()* !b:i'Acod.BHq, H.mooiicidl:nry,lndds' rory minra:id In.onm6$nb iqi Nta trr,')n 67,l au) !o lr r l ,.8ron, i{/P3o/r,iz,,lt& p. r..l,{ul ' t7 ) ' :6 d

,l
L

s.ns. ol rh. r,s. Tn. authorityoa rny dEblilhcd ...on, atkr dl, is reifed 6t our p.rc.Pii6n th3i dircnt work s?.hs ro gtov zlmcr in vitrbly otrt otn (.vd io opp$inon or r.b.llion),.nd n ca[ed into qu.tion wlEn what w. r.ad:pp.a6 ro h,vc liltl. or no rhao. b shtt ft t .osniz * onins b.lorc, Sq w.r. th. hl8.r oirical @mnunir/ !o b.sin io ar.id $nously to lh. r.c.n! ou.Pouri$ ol 6nc hc.aturc ty woF.n, il s vonld surcly b. :c by r con@miBnt r.F!rcnins oI th. onp:nicd F*, hy ln.ary histoti.ns, in oil thc pscnt plEsom.non, I. ilat Pro6s, lir.rzrv hn.ory eoJd ic.ll b. .n.ad: worll by $e.i Mn.n E.$-, .idt ?nrh., or !in.ccnrh-c.n6'! .ftndcd mishi b. io rhich w. fid nor tr4iolny sivm r$ inponlDd 1s Pr.cu6o6" o. $ prio' infudc6 upon prc*nr dty'uibo6i whileseLcr.d nJc wdr6 nisht llso b. gr..rcd Nw pdnin.nc. :s fs!rci sllan wonm rodan or d.n y6t.rdav, nEd.d io cjc.r, I !m 4!ins, in oth.r srd,' rh.r th. .ioiG w hal. i' th. pr.*ni incvitzblv elt.. dr *oe of .h. lan .nr |.d b rh.n itninkt ch.llcnsc to 6r R.latd b thL i, 'h. hllzcy thrt wc !.rddy ncndrciout dili.il '.zd ilh. tlE "cl*icl' in o.d.r b rconntuct th. D.s way ir r.allt ss," and .h.i w...rd Shll.ep.rr. .nd Milton in o'de. io .ppr.h.nd rh. n 2ninst ttr lhcy int Dd.d. Shon of tim. n.chioB or ni_ rruloui rcsur.dions, th.t. is rinply no {'y ro lnow, pr.n.ly or Nr.lt Dh{ "elly s$," uhrt Hom.. ini..d.d wh.! ht s2ns, ot Milton wh.n h. didi.d. Crjdd nor. rcuta lh.n I h.v. :k ady point d up th. imposibiliiy ot sroundi.s . Eding in tlE impuenon ol .ut[olirt int.ntion bcdur th. th.2uttor G ton q $ i@ FLd {ni[d mr.d b. ns or LG syrEns oi Lndwl.d&. rnd bclitf, poirto{ie,dJ *ructurd ottisior (di.tictnd o$cdh.)," (l oDn [d th. dil{olry of fintlly.i llohl D.Ky d.rn tGi*lr r 'ri Bd {Lo h. oaki rhii : s* oI rn "n rsrd n i5rhrud b nk nftnn6thd'dlt.rEr.(.d. ;o bytuFod$r h(hhclr whn m rnir t.ii mul'l trd ditr@t mrn'ns inri dit rr drr Ind iouB rnd in aif.6i rEFi ol hn dn d.tlq'hl I' tr nmPly rn iDPoribility $r Furh.r, h..x.Dird, (!t<n<na th. P,nhoon rnr @ mdrt I, cititn .,F,iod ' 'h. onknsnry d.rcut Atl!tu:r'hould MIhb d' rcl'EoG ruMry or rny mR rhrn 'h. 'h. .os'ERln Io r 3dd cnhddG Nryan non,d d.y iu* vhn h m. t 6 th. vo6hip.B o{ .h. old p._ dod. ,,t/ 6 kp,nr.. lN.w Yo .: CrPdom BoLi,

16.' proving o. di:proeiag tb. idPur'tion 6, if,td' rn. only tPPbPrirt ionrliiy b.au*, i'.splbly, atrlhoris is unrv.iLbl.. d?e!s.d.) Whar w. hrv. Erllr @;. r mdn wh.n *.,Fek ol omP.rcne in r.ad'ng hiitori(.1 ks, rh.nloE, L th. rbiliry b kognr. l,krry onvmtiod *hich h.r. M viv.d throu8l tm.-sort ro r.mlrn op.rrfionn:n rk ni.d ol th. r.ad.r-.nd. wh.r. ihe..c lzck_ (o. Frh2pi mndot6?) in& rh. rbility o r,nrlt d,. txas dph6 ino mor. cur.nr.nd re3ni!' !bl. ri,3p.r, But w ..vd rcrlly r.con$ru6 ih. pl$ in iB os t ds, 'vhr k s,i. wid w t..d .h. Hom.r's Cd@ .or rl.n' n !.idE "cla$ict cmrs. Eiolr En&nd ,t Dt tt ,,t bur, r.th..' .lro.dv 6ditlv imputd r. iorroximand of prsi ;rd. :q rbl., rhrcush our in'trP'd,riK for pr6or dK.mr- Onlv bY ud.F *nk8nl nlnd'ng rhirsn * Ptrtto tdt th ron thl th. mntinums rcld:n(c ofrh. d1si6 s.n6 16'tcsrinony b p.mnid f.,oE oihumin ft. onty "P.r.nni.l lcrdrc'ro crpdi..e.'x trB wdr.. in d..!c shicbdurzbiliryoEd pdv'ou3..ntori6'.ni6B bou' inv.nti(n6.-in ihc rn,. ,hn ,ll or hr.crv hisory 6 . turion rcdd ir \ohtt drt which w d'ily r.-crc{.1,,. nnsuish<.f.miniiB in r$n r31rd i. rh.n d6n. b ,n.r znd dk.d wh,i w r:1. 6 hi.o.iellv tclc v..r ioo oui of thl vd nothous. of our licart rdogniriod ol inh.riincc and, tlnnct, lminns' rh. na..bous lor whrt ir rcdly ii. 1 6ort@ for rcnod.ling o!. In.ary hiiory, P.*, pr6.ni,3nd 2. Intola/ tr &. afl tuqhr hbu to t.ad, Lhat u. ro p!6r. r\. dscs. d,. ,ot t .b b" ,.t.distu loBisl cons.qudei o{ th. 6nt PoPori.id I.'d\ b rh. @nclution d.t w. howv.r undnloilblr r trrrcodingtowhn rppbprhr. n.finaf6m r. n..d (or d.6n.),o' in o$d mrdi,.cordin8 to rh. critial .$ulilpiionr or PrcaisPdatiom lon_ rciour ornor) .l{ s. bnns io n And m aPpopri.i. or r?pod di(erdr sl..nin8r! .t dificrdr n.rinsr, ion th. n difi.r.nr iin6+vfl md hg b our.h:ng.d s3umPnont cinmi'mi ..quir.m.ns, ThiT in d.nr, on n For inot . .t li.dst aaih.3.ond om@idd. o., o, too, E di's n l tishlv irdr:sdhli.JE tA:r m.*.t it !o lad.d-tctivit rdi2li:.d-o. {cfir&s Aldcn. ''I]t H.|ffiulg o, Li'drry lddd+ hm:q, A Otrrd rom th! Nq OnlD<hrv." N.u Lr' ?4D r,!i'o4 ro(F:ll rrl)'e. lAul

r' t. Llt t l hhto.y |tsd dh thtt,th. hktoi.nt | | ol litztutur.) k d fdkn. To hrBinwnh' n 6ob b I I lhh.d enon tundio.. s : nod.l by -fii.h ' J .idrn onri.uiriB .rd diKntinuiti6, .r wll !,
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DdnntEtlno\l, o( rh. wdri hdsll or' mo* !su:uv' b si.na of rhc $o Tn. rud.n.onins sm..o'bin.ti.a jn' uron ruch 6dioh wiir ttowlcdS. of !.: : a ns con(or6ins lie..ry kdnion! nd irs r..l'r!frd us sill fnd lrimFlt hard l|r6sd, tholsl| h. m.v rh. srds .n rh. p.8., ro comp.rody d'_ reosi4 (ir[. B intnd.d nc:nmst. And ths it wh:t m.t6 th. suJ'.! bv spr.l!, Mo$' ShoMltr' Gilb.d.nd Cub'r, :od orh{s $ .rocial fot' bv + a6rtinc to d.lin.ar th..onn.cti06 rnd inRir.lr' rion; th; mar. fo, r hm:|. I'En'v rrdrhon, tllrr .sd dd! ior t.ogrizinB Dmvid. us inulu.lli rn uniquc h.ra.r t.dnions ;nddrtsndi.s 'nd 6narb or ol which *on.. wdt, Eridai.d

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disohcc l.$ confod.bl. ob$w.tioB wnh othdr r.;bn6 : \.r h(n ensh. Pl.ltlrblt b dcnd' Tto-j ! .. ol mv knfi.B o'v hrv. ctll'd this .la" .s'o ptoP'rlv Ihar' ; 'no* n'' * te-.ins to r n -,,1'h.ki "* ".mt ciiriol 3td.qr., which 'fi(tiv'lv th.v t..eht nc 6. "i"tr|:r. c po!n! dcbt ro ; *clt. Xio*inl, fo. .x.mpl.' (hcr .Dic onv.nionr, I ad lhlc b d;c.v'r in it ,;d r.wortinF ol both li6B.nd .iluaioft lron Vnril ,nd H;turi pl.dn3 n w'rh'n $' onBoins ch;si.n ,l.bit. b.N(n Cood rnd E il lompF hcnd hoth th. ph'loloPhr dd rh. lqln ' sieni6_ c,n( ol sn.n! o'n.t. rh.toic rs.omPlRr wrih God! m,i6rk tmPlic'rv rn sool lll But in 'r'h mod.l' rlt. vrsun'd h:d inFrydrlt. 6., 'n for it " ol'h.didde nd.dmvdr;oko o!!:g : \,1,.n * (pnsid.. i.p!9!9n 'h.

as, 'lugn krde.lt:nd wrh pl.luE trh.n q"( rc:ding JEDoi6 ur ro(.drin !Fc,6clindiol'dult'ou'3prc' i'' lh' prc_ lnd:rv' rri6- fot ln. !io{.$iond c.$ nr b. no dif.r.nt' bd h k 't L'$ moi 'on' *idi dadu{c .choolt" ,t rh.n b.*' t mining inkctEr:ti( PJidiSm! or Boundt lor onp.r4 ,rvli:ti6' nruonl_ ,ns Ghn'qu$' lrdi'. ; ,lvti!' to nrm. onlv I rd d rd. $d lmidi. Th. d.lislit w? lam b uk $. 6ot rdmr.rfi6. ol rh.r. inErPr.ruivc *'ftgra B i. dt Brdd dn*o.d n o( ddidt in $.. olftn mttl.ib rfi. ok of worlc (.dins !p..i6c uu,.rP.c':llt'n odd' b. un'v.ibbl' or rhnMuldorh.dr* 'v?n lor'r'mpk' !( rc 6.In my oM Srrdu:Gow o hk' *,d luD.rbrd(h.r 68trid. m('Il"m'd sd ll.rlurc m Prrrln. ton 6'n thougn r 1 km-nr I o. subKrib. n'irh'r to ;,h i ls . qlu ion $ rh?;osy nor i" hkd(hv ol *iurl 'o ll, *'d'in ib dn t.'$ kt I hr'. b(m rlusJ'r to kxt n:niDdlr$ mv *nund.Rlrd lq mov., 'h. pkrrur.-s iib n6 .nd 'hcml, m. 'll 'frm 'o b'eu$, d l.6r jn p,d' thdn$tb' n do6-ttd, inrDiEoldr rcrlworldali.nrion homm:nvor rr ba3ict n<6, I h:v. b{n rbl. io 'n''r rhii rdt n' ro nnGsi.r siich $rousn ibt.t&dt 'llw , |lnn\ r n *\ rhlo ol .4tnsn: a tddtiod ild x' s)r'.m lBnrinoc lohd Hot! hr un'(n r/ rd

ot cn*oh, ol sociciy, 3nd oi con..p.ioB ol .lu ;.t oy 'Y.lu.t'). Md6 world"" lwh'r i,nlf. in.rd ol {onct s "r,lq*" or conc.pmns ci ft! ol i: D@r Ed.s ;ond {ill, n.er.riij, '.brks $rr in.nv s.6. rtspndtu ih.ir od.' w[.n th. it tudhcr *.erbrtd Th. r.;bkn linhrc ol rhc In.',tr r.it 6 ris.lv d.p..ddt uD; h;rnion. Foi non b. nen.4 r' T'd cjhd hd !h;n. rhit *hn. itr sdsrl, rnd wirh lonc .ll liEr.l a oI l.nsn'g' obviour aulific.dons . ir rdsi[L b all who$ t!ns!as. n is. . . isuu riv. !s. an b. i...e$ibl. b .ll !!r ti!s. who.haF inforn:donabonion tnorh.r!ktowl.ds.'bcli'fs, w$ no.hinc foF inr.nriotu. ,nd tdtud6."4 ftd bitoLs. tor .x"mDl.. in Charlotlc P.rldns Giln.n! bR'k' d6nio; b snu1a. th. prcsrt$ivc nd!.I of thc posBo ,t dosn rnd incs.si.s i'clp'civ ol Tnc Yelto, W.llpat l'in.nupsEnsr@msar rrd one *tved .r . nua.rv {snh b.tr.d winds' nolc$), B$ 1r.,d.run,cqlrincdwnh rhc Yavt in rhich von.n h.vc !2ditio.,llv inhrbitd . ho@ lrol'l mish. not trkc th. iniriJ dcrriPnon ot !6c d' rc|ry..t, and rh. Pros@iE in' riie as;d.ndellt .dv !.ni'liz.rion oI 6c .,lult toilsonnt @Jd lov !om.ol'6symbo'cmPl'c:rions.Anzl4ourlv' ss . .on'c Pod "ho d.cl.(t' rionB ^podr/ AJi,rnnt Rtl', ,hc n..d lor ". *hol' nfl pcrry 6r!nowhdsinsthrdcmrE.irlr h"-""'nshc( on rnd Fsldum fmm .v;nrblalur rmbola dif.r frod tho& nn.n s .o .x$ will rce$filv d.r nc! tu".s2dinooellYu liz.d. Vrion b.skt to bttqd n tr.h . lif. 6 il t wnd 4tktlY tulr.d aDa, ftan thc aryrno,t .nd ie4d tr ' rcd .nd sittinr dow in th. knchd, b.36 tudinE it ha tdP bitt ofrtf,, @lko 6d wt!.t sd'Ps. a ins th. kh.t' o{ d tif. b9.th* uith no nerc ettt to man.4, .fu .dz lot th. danrliEtl, "n.ndhg fat^ in ehich she frnds h.ts.|f:' Ltrsrrt Hie ''csr. S<ft. "NrdriE StuduB r ,* ".nttut ttu,id 1 tvi .r te76lt,rL-|t. l^t l r'd lh. Gldhion orlbriflq " rdi cohd, "M.ipl;, ."trcd kcrid \ LFrttte13)t e ltsl _T'rni6d4!l nr.[todq" r,. ad;; Ri.h! ol cowon I^s"aE P@ Din 'e71-tr77 ' v w.N.non,,r7t).PP.76-77 1& l lN.qYorrI

th.:le!m.d n.or su{ry duo'o rn Thoush prEialy th{. krms,r.oEi&rtbl' *Smmrol rh' ;cr rccd l.minist rcr.diDs, o( wodd Nritqt .llos! thr @nduiion th.!' vh.r. rhot a nor hN. drcpp.dout oI sisht,it m4 b. ducnot b a'v la.L of m.rir in th. Norl but' in prcny ol pr.domin.ndv n'1. (.d'R b PrcPtrv nr.ryrcr rnd ,ppdhr. som'n Drs. p,n, b. h.k of Pno.r'qu rbourlh. mnds rh'v rh vom.n com$or. ',6K d:t d. t d.bt b prior' work's 6hrbr 'nllu'nd'l by oth.r\;6(n on 3imPlf.nosb'b th' drilv'r'
gunkt E rkh, Nomn ctr '5 s'.1r4 ' Dtrd 9.4.h A.ui th. od"ry' ljrds. rndu$d &;h. ob! ldnn CE3 *i'hout si) 'r& 'dur ."r'al h4,rt I {sunm' sp;;i.r G*," 't7r)'

og on to rh; rl.rrdr'-drpos 'iritr $h*ir. ould nor tndtdF'rC,,brndon'nssom'n s oi'rc*, witLnsr t of.rins nors.xlv tdif{rna but r kw ,h:t 6 $.r1, or rnirl, ( rniimmhl hdlus? it di(.r I6m hi5 owb." In h.i r9'9 ssav mos ob_ "Vom.r dd Fictio6," wnoll sr+Pl.d vioud] with rh. $lyt in qhich ml. w,nixs and mJ. rubid m,t.rh.d !h.:dv pftmpr.d rhcLn_ sul* ol I'REtuc Ya sh. w:t rl5o Ecnlv cof,' :od ;mins on d. pobt?m cr (m:k) 'ud'.n(. @lEntional c.dins qp.ct iioB wh.n $qrp.cu' LEd dut th. wor$ srit r hisht rcll find thrt 3h. ! D.rpd.lly {i.hin8 b.li.r rhc Bcblirhed ftlL $rious wh! 2P_ rdu6 lin liir.turcl-to p..F inshtinant to . min, and kiYial wh3r is-to n.e,sarv rar Tl. omFmc nin inpodldt."" dep'nds und{i.ndins [a] lir.arv n.$r8. . npon . 8ic1t nunbci of .odi..s, tft.i :u; as G5ri. S.sr. hai poinkd uJt, ro b. mmpd.nr. ! I l.:5rb. flmilirr tnh' r.rdcr mu(.dhcrrhr.or ''in ddinon .o th. code hqu.gc ... th. codd Il 6i d. D .d.r IA rl rvnsni: viorr, "som.n :nd Fdiotr' cnatt 'id td;ro,, Eiqr (r"dd6: Hoshi r6i :tr3)' P 3r' 1^ul

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KoTDNY ud N[d n ar nt., dEq G rhc rd.ids",j qli.y of 6. ptio. asumpnont r nd r..dinghlhnr t rr' To pui n blundv: *. h'o'gnr ro b.* on 'h. hlv. hrd.n.nsfi p'onoLnc.m.nB ol x{h.tic vrlu' tio' lor a rih.r it is ms olr t,il ro ?vrln,te rl'. iDpnt d norn! and noro.riv. t .ding Pat ms rh2t,in p2ii,l.d ro thd. pronounam.nB onl v ^B yandl r3.,l tl tnkIhav?htd.myP oi nt jr ito cl,rity do t :dd .hn odr: wh.n f.rini5B turn \rhn rn nnoi b rh. woil"sol n.!. .uthoa which 6en .c.ord.d hi8[ !.rhdic hn. @diionllly follo* oG.n! rdYic. lvalu. ,nd, whd. s.iBii.d, /tfi* *. !ss( ou nsht ! $y: .hc is suftc., thG li1Gifi6 r.alit , lhk d.cEd6; " tuch n.lcmen6 do d..n tld w. *ill .nd uP *ith . inor ic.$rily i dininnh.d anon. To qlc*ion rh. soure of ihe I r$h.dc pl..u6 w. hn. s.in.d {@m rerdins Mihon, ind $ on doc! not I Sp.Ner, sh*.sp.,r., I idply &ar w. nun d.try rnos pl?lsurcs. h n.ts lonly thar !.shedc r6Po.s. is one fror. invcs.d I wid.pirt notosicrl,.tfiic.l,.nd moral coDcms I lt ndG, i. dbd sords, ${ rcd\i9s ol Pttddk lrot qhicn rndlz. ns mmpl* hi.r,rchal nruc' lturcs bd fiil ro not rh. imp,icdo.s oI 8.ndd lwithin tha' I'i.mrcnlr or whicn in5i3!uton d.in' orMil.ont fi8_ I hsot {ot.kn inspnc?)Fldion th. convqu.n!.r. I udu'c hnsu,s. butllilronot I ror E"., of h( spK'fiolly s.ndd m.rlicd s.rr' I n.$, which, lik. th. flow.s sh. .n.rds, r.qun6 l propp,nsup ;orl hi .h.onc.nkr c onth.nc m\ L rhcm c r.worlins or chsiel no'ions or ntnirl into Christi {Dorsll honn and 6ic rroN* thd t'" i' $yhti.,llv .dn.d out o( I b( fri i'ot slch r.rdins5, howad usetul' I thd proe$-rll I will no lolscr 6c deem.d wnoly adcqult . Th. l rl..su!.rMhd..di.rl..h.drotar.inlhcPo. th.cby, blt dev will b._ no. bc dini*h.d | ;i { can.pa.tof r.h.r.dr..dins.s.nti!.n.$

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rhen. ; dd tue o{ ,lt wd ' w'ird /.I-i!c, d I *. it, h.or b.M.n r'trititr8 or dis_ - wl.i h*, thr h*,.thr choic i' b'' slos ompdflt rcadiis@mnfni'y i\ dhP6c'l / .r'.lins a.!h{ic valu..j t ot *ht.omritu'd oity ol nc;bds or i..;wn *xr An,l *hr,,hen, // ,wen hdins $m.zv'.nss 6non'6 r ' lr i\r in p /n ) r h r L rs'ol ou' d r. ; 6oon( o l $ . m r l r . n i - w h " , o r t,{ lu o r n s i/ 'l h'rtr r n J so 1 3 si' n o u r r u.i .tr rsr''n'$ Iornnnv i n bv ; onrwm l ' o , D " ' t r r ? - i n s , 6 r ,l' "llo ir h .i/ ,r :6rhd'c oponriv'nds @n_ $a.Ai.. r hi' .omn:nd inrd.qu'k lll v'.w thn inkDr;dr 'n!oh' b'iullrndrl. i, u ; b l . d l c i p h . d n s o fih .n p lss? iiin !.tto h .r .in t.s.ia r p ' ( o to urhud'nr'_ inp,d.ponun'ous inprnl'zm'd Harcnullv. rh. tr.uh l-a b..n rh. dnrFh.d I "po6.ttrm m s'll ,"a rh.i, (o'{qwd i..c.' so-. o.d*r I rnd.du.'ird 'i.vitiblv 't'vrloP 'hdiel initirt' thG' hdt dplxin fomlliz', or ho{ed, l"*rd:v! ,r'.-- "f f,". ."i",.**, Lb 'vcn tv F irunq o u r r \ r r h . , t o f in ' flp ' d r g lin ' .rIn n *' | o .hllk' *., ,t '"n | . nsDs( uq sina rh. rdcquc] ol '.a kd tn'icrl "i"1".*"g" 'g. ' } ' " . '" . l-rf' L - . ' . ' f u d . n h "| o Pin io n o t' h r ' r p d kd .( | l.n ;',h. t '.'--. ' ''' *er_ !o ^ n ..f' m ir n r iEdl cri hc tc LnFrF l't . N . y l u m J l ' p u .b "' i,u n d _ ^"nnrrv nsl i sned nrh? r o d ^ ( o v' \o - "' {hcri 'v'l u' qrid ri. . -r, "l r i n r * ' b " " c q o u _ B' n d a :n d ' n s i' ("Jd rin rh' kx or in rhc tn ,-s - r Pl/... g, u""gi t . .", "h4e '"i*p*.'l'., trhr \n'Ji q mrv mon r "r ' ..ln d , . -l u bon _ ; . ora b u i J n -o, ' lc 'mP odrnl 'r; 'd i F ..' iia e d bv ou' r'rh'ti ' ':udsm'n" " , n" U,n o n c ' i s r i 6 . i . ,i i* ' s ' 6 lb 'o 'Tr leminis! wl*i.nds do rho$judsd'n6 scde, ni6.8.""Iurmin and;h.6 ponk. io 5hat. u! 'he rsksiindrharco..ePtionsolth'wondoridolos: :ll-rcmalcand malc rlikc'out oiourcanod:ed unwtlnglv) hdP ictl !b.c* do th.v Gven ii unwndnglv)h'lP ro r.sh.tic t$nnprioni t$nnprions. rnd.o.$no.'l 'l perpdultcl In so doi.s' slr poina our' amone uron uLj.h tu dJJ,s' nsi 3, Sind th. sntdt orn.r riinss' rhat rnv ..rPns' llbdcd 'a6$di' thiric wt"c roitrs m iaa nht;bla !nrr,,,3F x .t ilv d.sisn*. i.m. immdi& not otU ow dbh, or univeeL w nti ftenin. ^at nom.ni or .v.trr 6 tr m'v dcngnrt' 3 'xp'rl sPcoc' ca .nccd biar.t b"t, d. rdl, tlx i,bad. .6thdi6 "'d ot NlnEA . ,.tn' 3 'o' rF' compon'nu I d ntanine i. oit'at n.tl o& u nh ] lil qcm'd rno{1 o'' 'matiog t/w a l "n rhc *o l d o oit ' hooc o - t " 1 t a i . n s p " u n l "m . o a *.' im p l.' uFdcrnrndJbF fi 3 r[' vrlr' r"or'rrd Jn ;mhind. rminsrh{ nm Mllb. b.''n irdos 'ertr $i dr a'h' o Pd "o ' :5 1 "q r P' r r phvm'vw dl U . o rt wh .n h ./ h r . o. , pp* , r. , r , o r * . - * i ' o'rr'v'e v ew ns Pla$i v N{! U". Jlwry. bRn *ra nrm.t rl.. us ' 'mm.Jrar. ".** ,id.inlh.plav!no$llgic'Yoedonofronc'com_ nulir.o bc@m. rstut ttd.s of ncnr ax6) on 3nd old{dJ woid Atth'sm'rio', ol nrv ih.;!h.r hand,it will b. no'.d, rll..mPh,ik Pr.t.iLsible rhe f.ninnt.onironb, tor exrdpl'' $' !4de vho ld*. shito dE !d ot dinql judsn.nt fiom 3$ tnp'v crnnormkn. ir rh' pos'brliryrFd romdr-! limiru r6thdi. vJludnontio rtF ln,l d .tu r, Lh?Qda sho l'l' so'l& ,tc rvmbol'(allt ,a.q,r.-y ol,nt ii'er ***tt* .i",i.. 'r\' )hon in tuqnCl'!p.ll! th.trn..FaB.rc6 6 b: 't r.rdinRolbo'h ll '.mJ. 'r"d -.h,i'. "x:diu M t hr( rlE:d/'a'/ rorv Aj'rvotH.it.6, *i in; D-to.irion -.nd,l1d '$'m'd 'hnd rh.rrak insisniiqne or ktrch.n 'rsuln -"1. rhu" .alk ftrhd th. <i"too*t 'h'n8t -iL I r"dii. rh. I nows.wirl p'dt h mwli udbl' @ A_ -or ro tma-cy rhrr-.*r moo'*i' 'nor'.nto "Lirckd tis'r sisnificanc. o idions rha! oi fir..d mrks ."i.ri*' r". *au";". 'nd ""*. 'r'" dwill,inn!'4 judgesu'hictionsar rrjv' di.ss" w milht bctc! sn. th. c,u$ oI lilcilurt shm irl $ l1'h.rk/rrv !'nrinB For h'r ro ul'e h. ,dF bv dfr.loDin; nunl:d' rot r,lurins -nd u d ,ln .u .wn h ' r \r ' .J d.i ..\t^tm:r.!l ("r o d . . _ r hi d o .. n o , ".d r d i: dor oi,; h . J r r c d*r wh.r lPpeis to bt e diDUt' lbout !'sh'tic asddic v2lultion The io'l *:.1 ,. ai "",a ol lEUr !{ in r.rlirv' r dnpu$ tbotrr$' 'ottdt p

rhan wrin.n od is . c.pria 3nd .xeptio.' .hc tr.guhriiy in .n otfi.dis. rt8uh' .laig.. Ii t P"_ s.ns d{ locu, in liic'ra nudv wh.d' i. unels {cmrl. rll con$ou.n.s tom.-in uPon 'ng.fod, r*ll, f.mDtrns to sns! rh. d(Pcn condt'on6ol ns oM uniquc2nd hutipl'cirols rcini.\ i. th. hop., .v.ntu.lly, ot .lt.rins dt. v.r/ iohs lhroish whicl th! tnldr. p.rc.iv6, .xpr ikll Fo', il *i.i th. la4.r *o ot th. looli I6i in $. {utdrc is . ftns(orb"rion nructuar of piha.ity mal. pow.r rhich nos ord.r our $i.ty, th.. th. f.ninirr liietrr, sinc d.ernds th{ w. und.rtrnd rfi. wlvr in which lho$ {ructu'6 h,v. b..n-,nd on'inmb b.rci6.d by otr lii.'atoi. ad bv our lit.rarv criii.isn, Th8,.tong viih o!h.r't di.al diris.Dd rh. to*r ddct $hmh, rhoush ou to.trs 'rmrint ol th? soid b borh *d.tor. .nd rn'or hun .x_ t !i.'.., our ovedding @nmnd.nr is b . ndiel inp.ov.hc.r, w. hopc-'n D. .hmtbn-d "_ ou. No'k frcn ihdc simj_ VA,t d;tinB*6.5 co.,ciou3nds" sitiqus' n n Lny ori..td "sirl P't'd n iis lz.l o, svncBliic oh.'m.. -id. 3srr(, ior d:dpk, P*.hornahnc or Miftist (:J ns! whrh ow r d.cirn. sh'. ol th.tr F_ snti'nct slariv.n6r o rh.n app.rc.r 'r 'nErur r r*.m. rlt r3s(gn. ollminisrliHtrv c i.ism d.6('.nt in svnm,nd pnntorrv rpp.,6 wo.bl! l r.Ii nR i nFros rrm k i i m Gd, fbm,l l qurn6 rh. moi Ell'ngd.ld rll.g.d rgrin{ ur' 'h' mo* n th. m'n.6dd And mt o'n .xplosv. rhr .r;t.r ob,eddion :*, I oI !e76, i.mi.ist lite' Iy aiIKtrn rppdr.d -mo( hk r $ oi 'ntr rhrnge:bl. ndrc8i.r th:n .nv cohdht eimr or bv bn. :r har ban okcn s[r.d god o'i.ni.ion" 3n i.dich.nt, by oth.6 is 1 iaan.n! or hI''_ rnna. N.iA.r *1s i'r..d.d. I Llr rh.n' ar I do noq$arlhnsorl<l Pov.borhis*cngth"r'id w .rl i nc $,' tnth.* ns .,hrA .:9P .rtnrtl ' ei i ' :v to th. L,ndol obi.crionI *ould 1.1\. !s 'uln.dbl. fi1v. iu*.lluded roi vhiL th. f.ct o{ our diY'Eitv {h.r., dl alon3, w' woui 6n1llv !hc. n5 soclt shorld harciRi: enp?d o!! on th. f.r ti& ot rh' mi.?6tld. \'ii[ in. oih( phralisB ..d Pllr.lnms. mon cdd6 tt' ln onr h..d oih.ads, o( e.r' (*h.th.r or not th.v .cept rh' rcdly $'utur.lns ldis 'Ann.n Kdlo,inn Urory Cnti.nn," sis* : lwinrd : 176)'a! 1,\r'l E nt

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KoLoDxY ri.s for on. dr.m?d.oI-norsxii liB{y enon.'i l nn d, A Isci r.ourr.sLi !.oi nniai c norni rs l .$ rhD , rlayiul plun|nb, ilslronrivcro i|Iraqil,il. nics ol mulirl. dricl slols .nd ndhodi, 6ur .rptiw o( oon., r.cogiziDg rhit d. m.nl ioh i..d.d far our r.lysn *ill n.c.$:rtly b. lars.jy inh.ind:ndo.ly pinl/ oi our Dqn mtrlirs. Only bt.mployin8rplurllirr olm?tho&will$.pror..r our!.le6 Lon rh. rcnrrarionocoonBinrilnying .!y tri-fd.s!.<irlly rhos piniclbdylofmriv. ro ur-thsr w. r.nds ouc?lvesurr(ponriv. to Fhit S.hol., ha, cill?d i$ uiioE,y$ans df n.aninE.nd d.irinmr.crion. rrAn/..{w.den sonht ot our criiicil r.n.ion irrru,llr.ft.rall,t lcus of ozny rnd lari.d lind, of {pc6on2l, th.n?tic,sqlni.. ntuctur.l, rhctoric.l) rcl.tiohships. So,shcrh{ s. Gnd to r.at , kxt zs t nim.sk, in \rhich Mrds e. t*ch ro h. rc.cicrtin8 or rcpF $ntins riabl.lvo dsjorehdhcr e.prcrto rrcir a t.xt as l kind of.qu.tion o, cobru.icton, in slich daiph(rbl. n6sig6 ai. pr$.d l.on $rn.rs to r.adc(; ind *hdhcr k lo.2re mcaningas inhercntinth. kxi, ir dE rto(r.ading,orin son. .olliboi. on b.ise.n ftadcr d kxt-Rha6.r ou. rrcdil(ion, hr os nor scn$dc (roh ir : s.rthrj,.kct rh.r lintu $e !cop. olpo$ibl. rnaltris. Rarh.r,l.r us g.nu.r in ongoingdirla8ucof cosp?tingpor.nridr63ibilni.r,nDnBf.frinnb rnd, as w.ll, h.$en i.nif,;( nd nonlcdinkr Th. dit6culryof\rh& I dcicri6. do6 nor.*dp. hc, Th. v.ry id..ofplor.lkm kcns b rhlb.kn a liDd oI ch.d f.r rh. lutor. of lit.rry inqun/ qhjl., *th. srncrim.. ir slemsro d.ny rh. hcp. ol 6trblishine .om. b.si. concep!!:l mod.l *hi.h c.n orsi,iu. rll drh-rh. rop. rhi.h .l*ays b+ gins rnt ar.l}tial .x.rcis., lily.fiod h.k, ho*, ca.r, fir! b..n o d.non*r,r. tlE c,*,itl delusioo.lhar inford $ch objctions: if lik ry inquiry hd hnto.i.allr 6..p.d.hrd by BhblhhinB crnons, rh.n n b2r onlr s!b$i&rd on. nodc ol arbi t.ry .djon tor anorh.r*ard ii rhis d!., , bc .tp.n* ot h,lf $. popul.rior. And it fmtnkc op.nly acknowl.ds. ouii.lvcr 1s pluralnh, th.n Be do not giv. !p ih. s,rch fo. t.r.mr ol opljolnion oni.r.rrboircd m, obj.( 'r L dnp d lor hdnur itr .h. F.m'iRr * rr(rp Gdq" crinqr R5p^i4 o/d/ riqlrry r isunm( Sttud, lnnih Ln.Ntu., pp.rJr J:.l^d.l 'tS<hDn',

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dif.r.d no.y. m.y ir tfi.t irklpftizrion id.n ly l2t l) !.c.n!. wht w. irc sft[ins ac lrnemr (o. sh.n;::;1 thr:.arorri{.nd.xpl.irfi.orh.rwilr di(.r.nt 25p.ft ol rl'. m..nins mnv.y.d 6r ri. i hc lo. nii: , us : ..r':.. : . . L w. Jir .!? .r ,..i, ,$i r.xb w? r.ad shi.h Adoprinqr"llqnl'i l"tjonal prrcdd!! labcldc5 not m.rn. ho*promn. drn!c.n&n.. Ibm dilicllry .nd p(pkF .;]fii-ii-iiter6.d;;;infiB ont|hd bong.lE E*, s I h.y. ri.d b s...r.n,jn iry b cl.ri9.rd ri. p6sibilitr rh.t di(.Enr E.dings, :rsu. i, di.r. pls.., to $c input.d "truth" or "r' .v.n ol rl. !.fi. r.xr, may bc dif.ftndr uctul, cud.t of rh6r 6niioe. th. t miniJt mus otpoi. .En illuminrtib.' wnhin di(....r @rd .( an. rh. p,inlully obvious .ruiim ihar wh n rknd.d ,tui./. lr m.rtu, in .(.c! th4 s. ..Gr r dialeriel j'rocc$ ot .r.minir8, t $i.& .y.n rrtinA oui th. ro in . |it...r/ wort, rnd h!n.. *h2r is r.pon.d .bod ii, n oft.n dltmind nor 30 nlch !y dE .onrrb-b. rh.t prior .rniel at$mpiions or .x{orL is.lI.s by tn. c ic.l Gnniqu.or renn.d. lli.nly n.cd idologic.l *nRr (or bm! conR.d dir.ri. rhrousl' shich n L fih.rcd o., bindon uhh. so)-ln{ l.d b rhc disF.r. cd'rth.r, fta d6od.d. All lh. LBini$ i! lssdin& tn.n, n inss.Nm.ll sill b..q!.llr.e.pr.bl.b?y.ry on. hd oM .quiv.l.d isir ro libcrarc nq (rd r.r oI u!, oI ouB., drd.En $o$ prior.$umptions h.p. ilif.rnt liBnifcrcs to6 rh$. s.nc erbi or i,lrclqi.t rh 2E rapllbj. n"t ell tor tlr .nd { rt! em. rim.,bdiditd.hd.rhi.h i.rrh.i rcfin.m.nt or clrificition. Bd it rfi. v.ry ruK oi a hx! sh. ukd rs r.ldrnr b.c.u* !h. k, 1."n, ba.us. *. will ha!. sr.ppld rnl rh. a$ aftddl,arki4n.w.nd dii{.r.nt q!.,tioN of ii ln ! tlnptions th.. l.d !o n, $ qill b. b.x.r.bl. b lh. prtr$, 3fi. cl,itu n.irfirr d.finnivd.s nor rrti.ubc ,r, w ird a panicllar rcrdina or ini.. *ocrur.l ompl.rnd lor h.r dif.ftrt G in3, pr.hiion rd.qurt. or in..lqMtc. Tfiis tind oI dia,nd mdins ry{.m., bu. only th.i. ur.Iulnc$ in Ldnal pffis, nor.d.r, nor oDly n:l.r u mor r.68nizin8 ih. p.dicul.. ,.hi.v.BmB of won..Iullr.*r.olNhrt.riti.nmii,.n.lhowniunc ons; & lutho. .nd rh.n rprlicabilit in.onicnndoudy n rLo sivrs rs rcas io iB tuurc po$ibihici, n.kin8us.onscious,I R. P Bb.kmurputn, "of*hr Tl,t th6. ak.m,r loci ot diiicrl rft.ntiv.ndr *rh . don.." 'oI whd en t don?ndi, or do.. ll r.nd.r.ltcmd. kdins! orinE pEr4io.! of iFin;'ror,lwotrldd4olwhr.o.b.doncdiif.. ih. $h. Gxi+.n .non8 r.fti*R-ihould b. .ndy. To pur n $ill .norh.r Mr: jln b.ur. w. vill no au$ tor .hm. suct dddoem.ns illu*nt no lonS( bl.nt th. ,Fcific.lly i.xk! omkrions o,ly thc plu..lis. .onr.ntion th.! in appro..hina 1 and ov.aishs ot.r.li.r (iti..l rdfth.nd h.thdi of any ompl.xity , . . G. rcrd.. mus .b@q od, d6 nDt r.rn lh4, in rh.n rE.d, w mun s. b mpha3iz. anrin :rp.ca snich *h .d lim prtt lin.. ublnh ouro*. cdci.l," .nd th.i "i. f.c!, th. v.ri.ry o( rc.dinss In my vi.q onr purpos G not an.l shodd .or h. *hi.[ {? har for f,.nr M.k i, 1 fun.don of dr th. l]omll.tion ol .ny si.sl. ftrdins D.dDd or nl..tion oI ducial 6p..r mad. hy lh. v,ri.ty ol poc.ially Pcru$.an ri oI .riiicrl prc.dur6 r.d.6," Rob.r schold. (om vnom I n!v. 6en no., .rcn l.$, 6. g.rcr,rion oI pcc.iprivc c.t.go qcodng, go.! s frr ,: io $k* thr! th.rc i! no sinei. lidC r..dins ior Mr 6Bd.x lnerary '"1 borcp llti! sn.ir phd.ir8 ol rlua|nd. nodBty kon l\t. H. AhEnlt "Th. D.o!tuai!. r\n3.l, @r!, ' :nd, IollNing in. Ru$ira lonrri* rh@|, c,!.c/ Jr4',r'r r 6pni3 r 1771, rr7. liJieddi. ol . h. obs.d.s rht s. do nor rF,k o{ rdinBs th,r plsllili lri b f,rk f.ni r irquiry *d. 6 b. .r! sidplt t!. or lik., bft o{ i.adirr rh.t ,f 'hl found i! ,h! dixsity ot dsr @ 4rd by sun' xopmoE or lc$ rici, {.:t.sici lhr zrc norc or l.$ aF conilon tor Iu ..it,, rd sdiabE.tjry .] Frn propi.rc. ' 8..1u$ tios who s$rc th. t.rm i.l'osti ttu3.: ol word i, r;!ion: E nihit P4,p4. ,ns (Do*rin3 Gft.n, ohro, Bo*rnl cnd uoirGiv '',.ninist" nonc!h.|.$ prldie , div.6it' of.rhiPopulrP6' rr7r.l^o.l al n.rt8i.r l.ding, in bh. c.s6. b quir dilLF A 8ud.n for cftiq" Hlaoz R,,r@ 'rR.f.Sh.knun .nr r..dingl, w. nu{ tcln@kdsc rrons ou. (sunn{ rer3), r7r. 3lftk6u., ol ots , r$ El]r ' ro rh. szr ii whichniticisn Dtd c ondour ot i.lv6 rh.t .nr.r .fti6, 'h.vinB cfiosn to kll a rins is ,. turdi'in I u* hL rcding lft b.auF ! ,n lsd\ot r, SrdNdin in ttb ,t, pr. 1r-1J. 116. nFirs $n rhn em. ruriBr fru, rllo b. lmkJ ' on rl. (ftlr .{ iiltt "conrjoue6!" h. "i5 '$, ToJo@! rhort of cdii!. lAu-l .q:tr. f<t$.c ict burd.n. ltu1

.nd conn..ion-probrblyrh. brsis liinling iio{ s.tfi *har s. sivcup is lieply ih. ,dog.ne oI cbnnnigthrour*orl n.iihccxh.usriv.o.d.6niriv..(liis,2f.6all, rh. jdentcllzros2.a *..r. ,rkire our nonleminist collcisuE to.brndon.)II ibir lind oi phrrlismapp..Bro lbr.rcn bo.htlE prc*n. sh..nc. of ard ih. inn.rird r6rl..i. qirrh {or r non ot Br.rb,'rh.n,.s I har..lrli.r argu.d, ir pr.cisly ihr! lhcI {hicn.b'c.rn ir te us fbd thc pr.judict lh. nnsr.s, andth. bliDd spos ol th.pr*.In lcmininh.nds,l wolld

mnr asdcmic rros of th.l.rg.r wor.nt nl$ nenr, thm$,t:ftnriv.ncs, *$ind'. h.lk of.c adm.,pos., no l.$ a chillens.Ior ch.ng.,8.n.r .ijng rs it dos rh. rlc. propo*iors .xplorcd herc.Thc cntiel Flurlno rhat inait.blr lollow! upor dor. rhr. proposlrioisj hd.rr,6..s lidlc $cmbhm. ro \yh* Robinsonh.r elld .1h. srdtes bolr3.on thrh. of,ll, ri. mylh of pluraliin, inh iB.onieqr.nr r.j..tior of id.olosicl .omnr6e$.!1oo simpl. to cmbr& .(n.e$ srrilr cohpkx) irulh. 'r' Only idoloeid! enmit, m.ni could hav. &or.n ur to.m.r 6. nin.i.ld. puftjns i. i.op&d), our ca..?B,nd olr lirnnmd. Only rhc poser oi id.ology to sansfom our con. c.ptual wonds, :nd th. insptd.h ol rh:t idcotogy o lib.lit lons*r ppr.$cd .nc.Ej6 .nd .dorio,r. an acmurr ior our *illiryGs ro Gk. on dirial h,ks thd, in .n orlicr d.ed., ftuld h.r ben "lbando..d i. d6p.ir or apalhy-",, Thl trct oi dia rlilriri s. Robi6o4 -Dldtins ii Drtd.i* R1diql cid.nm ,d d. rimiiisi r6idriv.," colr4. E/iln lr (!i!y rtTr; rtpnri.d in &n cLg, dl c/,fu'q ,,, rd.orory bnds* d. .ftorionl| 3:p 6.Nd iriq! a ,1./ {< lDd a oD! }o!td tr*! rtcn b<.ita 4uiis $c piilonhne oi 1016ft.' ni*llt o6.Ni* & 1b.n,

5rr

ANNmt (o'.oDNY ld@losy, howc\.,.nly trut h:nifdu i. po".i otr ,d'onir li f.minisl ng r br o '!''.f criricismcalls inyding into que tor rh{ dos:c&d nyd ol inrell.s,.l ..tt'lirv wharI hk. ro b. rhc uddvins lpi.it or nc$,s. ot rnyaonrcioudy id.ologicrllv prcdi*d cnricisn16:r t, lh{ idear:ft importantD.d,? rncv deeF nin. rh. w.ys se liv!. or v,nt ro liv.' in rh. *o.ld is vittrcd by coi6di.s r!o* id.s o rbe sNdn tte d.$odn, orrh! t'ags of our books.lo v r .h,pGd dc.t ing rhe ttxu31 n*eorvPlng or rom?n i. otrr h.rtorc, wfiih clo:ingour.vd ro olt won.n sNd.'a.nd hd$n.n.o( th.;ual b dsphv K:tisin. H.pbum rnd oll.1fr.!: Thc lmi8. ol Rokl;d R*nI i;o* dur$s.n in Filn, whil' $. Ind.pmd.nr c.r..r wom nzn4iis ndb norie t[.parci9o(Lmllcmnan on o o*n cahPlsi to nnov nc ldmirnmm6 mn.n *ho h.lp.d nrkc univenal .olr.nchic' n.n.r polhiel Erli9, $hit. lcping sildt lbour ou..ctivi$ dll..sn . sho & d.ni.d promotion rh' or rmr.t b n.ldd. $smo6 on"wm.nin I ahor iloEn.na womqnt stodils coudcs,$hil. amrini.g willtull/ sEre.tv nr.d fo. h'r iqnonnt ot thc d.pdnmt .f,oni to or8inia . clsic,l wo.!.B' union; to privil.g., Dd dofl in lh? ddusioN o1 n.rit," i*rnit' wnich ac.omprnyclspus li{c in ord.r o iniul.r. ou&lv.: lton rh! millionsotwon.n who laborinDov.rty-alldrisisnorm.E hvpoc icd; n dc;otr borh rh. spirit d th. ncoing o, wn{ It pts Ds,now.v.. unl ini!8iv' in ihc *r d 'boutoa lhd. $ho Itid rh. nin.6.ld in ti. n6r --id DIac.: ln ny vid, it i5 ! 6n. rhing fo. 6.nv o{ !i' .jE nio.6.tdi !!t ;ndividurlli, b h.r. tr*c.d thn hippy cndmt:ne ell onlv pdcotlrdng lor rh{ n it togdhd, {.r?o5.n impoit;;e '1, (ih; nrl. f.r oi sh'ins pow.t rid tis.r6crn" e i6 ohpon wirh enen) dd d.:6iv.E 'a' y d,nc. rholsh ih. rnrdtfi.d. rlkns,m.yh.B yiry in rhr hhan. 'r htn ronq FftJ.;c lmenr ol eqan'hr Hd-n nt | a cnwt '^NN.: (Pn'dd. NJ, P.iim.u'i ^.or'i R-;r,' ;;;,,i,, ^d ldmlos$i!ld'(nbb. (ijiq P'cr, or r"rn, $r srilqo* 'er).p. '-,@n(nhd, rnd bdd -h(n

acrncB &ons $ Provs only ilnr, *P.t onr rh.ad comnih.ns, w. hr* nordltles r.lurd .o dy lw.y lrom conrF[xiq, pr.feii.g rods:gret oFniy Blbc! lhrn ro sive up crh. inlell.dut

Clifford Geertz

hon6ry o. h.rd qo! insistrs.

nml.td idrclosy.Th. .ruins lo$ in .tr cdveoF sriaiion rndpolscn doutn t s.nouronc bui n ofourdifl.Ener' hr. nd bFn ptElFi.S; in 3Pit. * I'rv. u.ird b d in aa8 oI cl.,r nuod on_ Th. tr.dc{d, ts I !. n, ias h.d. Pdsibtct .nd .duativ. dillcdic oI .n,tsn nd sotlloru, prodinA u $crcbYlror $c nc rror o{ r.ductio.6m,nddos6. Andso r;rhi;dhbsn. r.m.ini rcdv.,bolhour pol' I hop.,ol f.or&,d.olosr, in,ll i6 vri.ry' For' ''qhr'e.r.le id.olosi.rhry b.-prol(nons or
f.ir, dkgli$s {or nkerior no (3nd tiv6, piatic crp6sionr or grotrp 5li&dry" to dt., h,r c.dlinlv been t[. wo6mt noEn.ni id.olo3ics .x:[ o{ thse, rnd norc)-*hardci mo{ Dr!, rh.y aR, r! Gt.d r3toclt ah!.nd suctr| r.nr iv :nd d,$rdi*ly, m,p' .l p-bk.".. (6r rh. crcarion oi collediv. rcns.i.nc. ndier Ard d6pnc tn. frd thtt "idslosicd 2dvoca!.s . to cl.rit' th. rtu iedE rdd $ sud to obsdc.r of rh. ptobl.ms i.rclvdl," rs cdd nor6, "tfi.v 1r ind, bv poliF l.i. nmrion o thcir .*toc. in,c -ll i$u.! n.k. ontinu.d n.sl.ct norc <lil6dh Wthout Mznk! .tucL .Scrc muld hav. b..' no tzbor r.ioro; withDuiBLck N.tionilists, no d.lib..rk spRd. r'!/id,outSci(tr F:lL,l would:dd n..nlnnchsch.n! of \omm, rnd wnhout con' sciousns raisins" no Lmini$ ln rarv cnrickm ndr, 4o !c$, vom.n! Ndi.s don.d i! d6p* or rpdy, olops|cultudlsrrcn, Grn conD.i6 in "ld* P rot tAul .nd 6dckm *ill b. Gc of dqF:-but n.ver'

.spobcany nnBl. syft m of anrlysisnor,4 rr 16ult,.tpr6s rny *holly shJr.d,mn5isr.nrlv

E lNcru$oN of"Blur.d cnr.r'by CliffordG.(d, an.nthtoPolossi and prci.ssor oI social lciet@ ,t lb Insdtut for Adv,nc.d SNdy tr rnnc'oi, n irrU rn .r,mph of th. ph.nom.non,h. hqy d?s.'ib6 fie so' l ol G..r, and orhr .nthrcpoloshc Guch a3 Mtt..l M^trss, CIaade Livi' J'' !s, victor Tumd. Ednu.d Lelch, ard o$eE) hasben of comP.llirginkr estro (ni6 unc$y with fte theor.ti.al.onstminBoI a$h.ti. fornalismorft. pdcivcd $.dury oI fidition.l .pprotch6" to In.!tur.. Tn. ircny ibat thc 6s.y ako dcscrihesis rhat antl'.opolo8isc (suchd' for .xampl., c..ft, Tum.r, wirh m.thodsrnd Leach, and oftdt havcban p(y ro similardisratir{ac.iont i.rts $.0;6 in tb. socials.nnc.s, leadinsto in inic..n in th. itrerPretive, b.*d discipliiB of litd.ry studyand cdd.nn. Lus th{c is a nutualityorin' puzhnent, i, not alarm-itr the convdgoa oIrh. soci.l rerot*rnd pcrhaps Geft G of sp.ciat inkc$ lor svdal rasons,not thc lc,sr of which is hi3 tha.*irh his anarkabl.giftfor tivclt i.Et*ing pros..lt sftns natu.aletrough fird it conscihl to teai cutNralPh.nom.n. wrn dy snse of rbcte*t, h. should as r.xB. A3 h. saysin dcLni of $. s.nd.lsoEgy, scttins suchihinss rs I o.lfighr s a rcxr mnerd of r rne oru prn,n. brinssodt:n impornnt ferurc: "iB ur oI cdotion Ior .oennir..nds" l'rhe lateryet4tio, ol Cubrds lr9?31. D.aae), r0hik rhn kmrk h'SIliShF. leatu( ol nitnl prrdic. (,nd l'r.'rry ier$, rhd en eA,ly bc El.n for g,rnr.d, r ,ts indic.r.s on. ol rh. nons id odhods nry bc appcalins critics.At l.att rrcm rhc ou! rly anthropolosical .pp.!B asa conpt.hensiv.,bbli:ingdkciPlit., in in.cn!if sid., anrhrcpologt rnd inrtitniions not i. pi.ciic., f..e t6 d.minc the ranseol htrnrn bhavior from rhc .ocknd,t ro thc coll.s. ot ca.dimls, and to do so in rhc mann.r th,t $d6 rc.lininatc pr.iudic. (ot pf.iudici'l iddlogy) by ti. intimarcacqlains.e ol fieldwork. tn rhi! r.spec! rlE work of thc anthioPolog$ aFPerG io sne cognniv. .nds that ,a ir.qu.ndy blockcd {h.n tl t.xr n aL.ady gird as in snch,i;snnch as $. a nropolosisr rhe 6dd nu* fi6t .on$idt afiansof cuthr. dr rqB in *bich $ .moriv..nd osnitiv. a.c ioincd-As 6eenz sot s .k wherc ('IidB LiteturJ srppktu.nt, lu . 1, rest), tl\i r.tt pi6!6ption n' wi$in thc profe$io.'l nnks, a sortsone poi.r indeed-on thc srclnds lhd you fieldwo* {"mc anrhrcpolosist, nativ., asGccrEd.ftly P{ts it) n.y bc nda rb.r ri8oro$ nor .ven d..rtr. viril. thrc tnay bc orlGr caurions (s!ch as th. r.scrvaliots cxP.sed by Fr.d.ic J.nson in 'The rd.olow of theT.xt: Saltuasindi -t 2 [r e7t]), th. tr in "bltrring of e.ni.C'c...o d.scribes tllis .seat '.pr.senB.n importan.ci!_

tr3

AA4 l . r ; i
larc re6od ii whnh d,c univc*rliurtjon or dderftori.lizis! of leninisr isrus b.Lnqs to no"unehtdl tin.. aui while .monlmci ht" rih. for Nnesh. is vnuilly nythk, Kri$evi rcrts ir s. rclnicil iururctdcd," tustwh.i rhc ftadnional heaDr Ior pohi..l {and oih() n,oJ6 of sisnincarion bE.king de doNi. Kfttaat rnalysis pfiicula'ly .audoussinccrh. synbolicconmdai is nsu. $n ca,ilt bc th. sne for viokna. Bc{oE rhc.1mor o{ pos,cr.,Kristva us,w. n ay b.l.d r o r s , o. nm d6i, c r o, Dowe;. ' ' enilds ' n, h. lor similarrcasons, K.isteva drk e$ay (asdswfici.)is sonwh.rwaryoI in thc t.rn'lhcory," sinccrny anrlyri.nl dis.ouce car irelf bc ELcn up isro rhc sis.ifyi.Bsrruct!r. it scks rnrt,.-iusr m womci, sRd, ro po,oons "rcss,o oi pow.. in a male-dodimr.dsy$.n, may b .l.n dp into rhc dcf.n*,nd iF tifrcadon of(h.srscm irillTobe tfiusin.orpora..di3 in pan ro b. ncud.liz.d or npu'.'.dr ind rherppar.nrlrmorcr,d icalrlh nrriv.. io inruBU,!,(rountcr soci.ty,h.s ironicauyth. simc .ilfi by r.quiiing .xrlusjon .nd, th.((ore, scap.soatiDs, Kristcvrobs.ryes, As f.nrinismo,y .h.n bccohc ... kind of inv. .d$ism,' iNu hrin gir s c llis r inr r c r ir i. is n. , ft ^ po*ibk 'hir ,n btints n c,i!,crl n.nc., rhc c$y miBhrt. rsidctt s bur r" dchl poinr b rh, to. r "ics I rntil.minnr (*.. f., rrhpk,./,rdr.)r Icene, ino n ofsome n,rhe \ e, $usqillb! in{ q. nr ly pr r nr . t i' ( . v . ! e h b ( | 9e.ul,uon ,qhtrh 'hc n,'lr ar "undoub,.dly roo H.E.hrn ) N rha' mod.nr I f.nini,n n2y be "bur a nonni in $c inrftoin,blc procss conins ro conof ' sciousn.$ abour thc implacall violencc(scpa',rion,c.sr.rion, (.) whicl corsrituns.ny syDboliccootnc." Th. hopebld out, howd, r.turns upon the sisnilyinspra.ti.so{ po.q, ad, .n.l r.li8ior, In Krisrdr's viw'fics. ar pradicB rh clt on an essntially r.ligious Dc.d for spe.tins b.ings 10 provid. rh.ms.ta.s wirh a /.nres. .tion (!bihd,Icmal., nal., parir,l, dc.) i. plaeofvha(co'eirui$ them.s such." Onlr . .ritical p.Bp.(ivc can bcar in mi.d rhat th. proc.$ n,ay rum lo ..dadly vioknc" or ro a qhur.l innovarion and rharth asrh.ric quc$ionis aho a quBtion oI ooralit/ ,nd dhi6. K.istevr's,pclhiion io this onr.xi is no4 sansuine, sonb.r: a nw s.n{atio. may 6nd tfi. Des ro iitcrio & rhc Is "foundinsrpararionof th. siosymbolic conrad" and, itr eodoi.c! hov. not onl/ b.yondnxnn blt ,nthrcpomorphirn ingendal. A numbdof Krn@.t b@ks.nde$aFar.auilabl. in Enslkh.S.ecspecially D.si/c ih LanEuasc:A semioti. Apptod.h to Lit.tzt rc and An lre9a): poud, ol Honot: A" E ot Abi.dio, ( r e8o, rans. ! e8r)j and lR eolatioi h poetk 'ay Irngcas. 11e71, t. te84).5c .ko t on s. Ro!di.z\ ..tnfodlaion , .o Da tt^ sn. ia Lansrdqe, Alie laJdin., 'Tlo'i.s o{ rbe F.nioio.: K tcva." E . ^nd

WOMEN'STIME
fi. i4ion-dft1m and r.xhy ot rhc nin.re.nrh ..nhr.r-kcmi b hav{cachudbotnnsa?os.caid ns Imib,h.n rtr r9z9.r.sh :nd.hc,N.tion.l

llr{ rhc chnncr. ol cconomic ,anDtat i, srr. vay .o ktatd.tende,e \\'hn nor subnisri.n ro rh..cononic rtrp.rpo$.6), whil. histoti.'t 61.1i-| rion and /ts!,Jrr. rn,rr rvcr. (cdr a bro.d.r I $d d.epu ddc.milnr: Fhit mishr b. oll.d .l srnboli. deno,tinatar, d.in.d as thc oltudl and , rcligious n.mo.t torg.d by th. inkn.rving oi hntory ind s.osraphr. TIE v:rirns oI thn n.nory rrodue kisl t r.ibri4 whicn rh.n ndnribuc th..utirs np n& polidel p2rti.s *fiich ii sill id us.burlosi*f.ngti,Atih.s,rr. rim.,th! m.moryof .ynboli.dlnoninaror,.onnonro rcmrll, r*al! b.yord rcononicslobaliarioD and/o. unitorhiu.rion c.dain cl,ftt rittiG r:nsdndingrhc n:rion .hit $niimd .mba.c rn .ntt. onrinenr. A ..w socixl orcmbl. srpeiior io thc nrtion h:3 thusb.cn on$iturd, widi. which rh. naiion,lrr trom losins irs orr r,i!,, rcdirov.ls rnd scc.nru ites th.m in r n6ngr tcfrpor.lir], in i ki.d ol ''futur. psLct,' *hc!. $e ndt d..pl/ rctrcssd t.* grves r dntincriv. .[aEcr.r to a logial rnd ?ovlrr lre orisiturt pubt,+.i * "k Topr dd ttnnd in t.taa: 6hE dt .harb d4 t Ettr ds tdk' d dw.tu. no. t lvink, ,e7r), w* r,dil{<d byAln.J:dh.rnd Hnq Strt.,rorodLt,o'oi r ri@ri andso.nl,7 ne3,) R.. tavmd ofvanl<\ ia c*t rdfud by Frnn5ion oI ih. u !.Bia dI chdso fG3. Euiop. i i saf 'Th. follwins dir(aion lnphriB sricrr fur llo spdlooo3 ro roh. Am{rcrn r.rd.6 il'! olt/ll .mphih oi ddiiridirliatior Ir iq sivd h@(, ssd:l ro . no*nc( ol:n rd.l. r is rh$(rlld.ord b rrEn.<$,ry olprn* nEtrhn b *c phe rmn chr.i $. !pot. fir.l

..ciolosroldi$ri6ution otih. mon oolh typ.. ror6n n.nroryor ry'nboliconnondchoninror .oncers rhftcsponsc di! huhln groupinsi!unild in spx.. rndlim.,hlv.siv.r norro tlt. problcnr d di. r'.&dio, ofn,tdial roods {i..., r]r dotui' o{ th..cononr a.d oi dr h!n{ r.ldo.shiF n impli.r, politi6,.t.) but, nth?r, b inc. o{rrprol,e !o,, ilFival ofin. sp.cis, IiL rnd d.2di, rh. bo,ly, icx, and symbol. ll n i! suq lor drnd., lh2r r!. op. is rcpt $ntriec ot.ud I sioodtunl dr.nbl.,n!..6,tom.rh.titdirt na i, b.s.d Dor. on this lrmboli. dc,orin.br, '{hich iB an, philobphn rd r.ligioN naaiae*, thiD on is donomic p.on 1., \'h ici, n c.n, inly inarqov.n wi$ olcrivc but whos tr:ic ch!ryc r.rh.r r+idty 'n.nDry urdcr Pr.$ur tro {s pad..ii_ rr ir cl.irrhiir rocirl $s.mblc .h6 on$nukd t o$6s6 both. rclirD, r6r.d in. p,dicuhr nDd. ol and ib rcpGcnotiohs iiroush '.lrododiod Nhich thc biolosi.:l rp.ci.s n conrftd oiB l!irrig,rvhich ir.riblbtot.imq rs w.ll s..aGin t sinr 6 a csuh ol th. hct th{, rhous[ ir nniyrBaliq, thc .yrbolic cohhon d.ro6in.ror n n.css.nly .docd in $. .Dii.spondins .ymbolic d.nomir2ior ofnothc. raidlturrl ascmblc, Thni b.rcly co.stitoi.d ,i $ch, Euopc 6n& iu.ll b.ine *t.d b .onp,E iklt wnL or 4.n ro ros, niz. ib.llin, rl. ohuir, .nGtiq philosophial,rd ..ligiour .on$rucrio.s b.longing ro othd supr.nrnonalscioc!1turrl.ns.mbl6,Thn*dinrord vhd th..nrid.s involv.d xr lin!.J by l'nrry (.,9., lrrop. and Nofth An.n.., or E!rcF,nd rrd. Am.ric.)! brt th. ph.noouon .le coc wbcn th. univ.s:lity o( rhn d.romin.tor w h.vc call.d synbolic jdtapos.s nod6 ol productid .ml .cproduction :pp,cntly opposd ir borh ti. p.* .nd $.prtnnt (..&, E!tu!. nd Indii, or Eropc .nd chini). In ihon, titn 5cicultur.l d*nbl6 ol th. Duropcan irp., *. !E sBr.ndy l ed *irh . doubl. probrcn"dc th.r oI dr.it idc,til @trtNlcd by niiioridl sdinotrion, :nd thar oi 6.i. /o$ o/'/e,riry shich is Fodued by thir orn.ftion ol m.nori.s which .s!. iion lristory only ro .., counrq rndrcpolosr..!!j!&aj9!!r!@loa!m,!ai,. l4dlgi thN r!4k5 Nnnrch.Ji .d rd dr nmt

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'lynrnrkt ofi sociocultunlorganismoIrhi5 rlp.. lh.qucr tion n on. of sacimultuHl sranps,rhit k, Brotrps &fn.d r@tdiog to llcir pllc in production,bur 6pdi,lly i.codinS b lhsir rclc in rh. nodc oi rc' poducrior rnd i6 rtprcsdhiions, which, *hil. b..ring th. it*i6. sod@lnr.l roi.! ot ih. Iohrtio. i. qu6tion, rr. dt soml ro ir i.d conn.d n 6 oth.. sciodlGhl fomtions. I im rhinkinsin pr. ! .idhr oa$oeultdr2l Brotrpr hichareusu:lly d* 6.ed!s:s.groups(..s,. ydrngpcopl.inEurop. ), .s i.n.ldivisioB (..s., "Europ.,r von.n'), an.l p.ople" or so loiib. \0bil. itisobvious rh* yotrnB .mn$ inEuropchrvcth.nownpidiohrity,iris non.!h.l6s ju$as obvio!r lharr'l'4 deliDsnrn rr ''yonngp6pl. 'or 35"w.m.n'pla.6 lhedinr di :son.l rlationship to th.n F,ulopr.n o.igin iid Iink,ihchroimilrcaicson.rinNothlF.ricao! inChina,.no.gorfi.c.Tharir insofar$.heyrko b.lons io 'nonlncnil hnbrv" .n.y will not b. only Eu@p.rn young p.opl." or "mmm ' oI EuspRinc way the univ.r rcp. bui will ccho in 2 'no* phc. in rcprodudion lal tak oI rl'.ir $ru(uhl

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rnd loinins rh. ntrm.n rp4jes rh,n of rrna b. .omins, oi hisiory. Thc modan rcirtrcs .I strbi.c. nviry, of its s.n.aldg} rnd dccid.nr, @n6o n, th.n own wry thhinn'ition,which G p&h+r its.ll ih. r.sulr ot. 5ocioft&riel .onjundur.. FauJ. Inrnineto thcdr.r6s.nd lantlsi6otlisprti.n8, $ouBllrh3i fiynci.*rslin!..I.oplre.'strhr:.quisn'on ol . rmbolic . qu.,tr rudics on 'hr 1 r u n .n o n b ych ,ld r . n'how fi n'hrp{6,nenr.:nd I quliq ol m{cim lor. (ondtrion rh. rpp.adn.? . 66' rpr rl i.i.Rncs rh (h I ol 'ndue 'lr child! l:!gh ind tl,tn irduc. rh. .nnr. ran8. ol symbolicnaniL*niois thich l.:d &.nully io i ' dsn and rynkx,r Morovc.,rnriFyd,iairyodpsytcnoai:lysis 3! :ppli.d b rhc tftr!fr.nr ol psy.hos.s, belorc rftri[utins rh. splciiy lor mns,eten@ rnd pmmu'icxnon to lh. Fiient, pro.Ed o th. rrnrgem.ni of r.w phcs, sr.tifyirs substiN!.t ipac.. I thlr Ep.ir ord d.6.nnciq i. rhe n:ttful ould so on Bivins.xamphs.Brt ih.y rll.dnnr8. on &. probl.nrtic of sprc, snic! innum.r.blc re lisi.ns 01 n.iii.rchat {r.)appc1r.n( rftribur. ro ''Mn1n," and which Plrro, reapisl'ti4 in hii own rFi.mih.abniscotintiquiq, d6ismkd by rh. .!o.i. o{ in. .ro,,, h.trix sprc., nou.i\hi'8, unnam.rhl., rnt rior ro th. on., !o Cod..d. con' scqudtly, ddying mdaphyd6,' Ar lor id.. LdrLj $hi.crivifl *ould 5..m o c'A c. )\nt, cafr.taana.. r,17.l^!l 'e7r), h dt t uhd lrn* y.r or liJci i p'y.hornilyii. nudy oI rod, rld danni reJ3):D. dd.lopd.ir olobi.d iqllaotrrl lPn( POF, viiii.on, l'! d od rcilittl (P'i* c,l '&/t; lPl,ri!3 lin{,1, rrTJ)rlu|; xrntE, _Nom dt li.u in Polr rqs lP{G: Edkios du s<uil,re77), rin5h.d $ ''!l,e N3n6" io lu|; Krkis4 Dd;, ir r,zs"dr,: ,4 s.ni* Appuh b Ln dtut aad An,.d.t'aaL RoDdi.:, r.is. Tnonr 6on, AliaJ,diE ud L.dn Roudia {N& York colunbn Lniv.lny P($, re3o) 1ls6h.i cir.,l a Dst t &zp,s.). IAU-nd Til 'Phb,1,2.,r rI lid.FdnJri pli rroyqd, Frcad6 r rouid rorrlr'hn.!n rcm. do bu' lPni5:c.llinld, Bdn oI r $n o{ hrsnd nro nB!b,rdr suniis rt.dibiliry, n n Ddn.ry $a whnh hrks $ *ks 'lun mun whd *. pdaiv. n, rrd e[im ${ ill . b. 3dn.wt q h a dd.oin.d pha . .'h.i(ny Ginr

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oI a biolo8icd r.diI.n.. iii6;;iE;;i;n.l 'htrhd *hich c.nlorn. b th{ oi n.rue and idto54, r.s_ polaliry Nhos *.s.ypins m.y sho.l,butwho* ftsutarity,.d unnon wnh sh.! is.rP.ricnc.d I exEdubj.ctivc rin., .ormic tin., odzsion v.di8i on thc rour vnion. rnd hnrnHbl. /bt6d,..' oilu h.nd, .n.t p.rhps 8.6tr th. oa$ivc pr.rdc. of t monud.nhl rempo..liry, or 6c1p., which ha so lirl. b do viihoui.l.av!se whn lin..r im. (which P)$d) thd thc verv Nord '\.mpor.lity" hardlyfs, Al! .nomp.$ing and in_ 6nit.lil.im.sinary rp.a, tfiirt rnPordiiy r.ninds om of yuonos in H.siodt nydolo&,, lh. i.c6!u' ou. son whos. m3iriv. pr.s'c. .ov.nd rll of C.3 in or&r to *p.in. hd ton omno,, rh. i.rh.i,' o. onr G r.ni'dcd ot rlE vzriou . . terionwhich,i. Jlr.lisio$bdi.rs,P.rp.tu E tis. o( rr lnt.riot or .on.6mit risk up .o iB nos rcnt .llboEtion, Ch&nanirv, natdi. inwhichifi cbodyof ii.MqinMo6.rdoe. buimov6 fromon.sp.daliry to,norlcrailhin th. s!ru tin.vi!ddrmition {.cordins.oii. onhodo! Ianh) or vir !$umpnon (tt'. catfiolic hnh)'

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lii ot t nportrlity it ioh.ts .nr in . logical lnd ontologicrl vtl!.s oI rnv -rh! givrn ctuilizltion, th* rlJ! rlmpoalny rnded elplicn 1 rupture, .n .xpEbto4 or zn rngusb shi.h orh.r tmporlkis sorL to conc.d- trnigtr ilso b..dd.d tut lhis tit.rr tim. ir .r ol lt' su,g. contid{.d $ ifi. .nu.ciaridn of scni.a..t (noun + v.rb; !opic-emn..!i h.sjnningrndiq), rnd !h.! thn.im. !6s on iBosn nmblins blo.k, whicn ir:lio sdnblins bloct oI lhar.ouci._ 'h. n.n-d. h. A trsvclo rlvntuuld oll'hir "ots _..c!orna m !!: nrEry or rddt.m. l,sq i._ would, Fn!.r, r.@Fiz. hn ot ftr *l( in th. rior i.mpord modlhi.s: cy.liel o' nonum.ral. Tiie iltinosy, od. p6hip. .mh.dd.d i. prychic non.th.lc$, within 1 givm nru.turd, bdn.., civilizadon, .'rinony 26ong scirl stouPt..d d fJ'crl poritiont or..n:in iJ,oragB whi+ 'h. 'n frmLnisBqoulJ dtain rh. ds(ou6. ot mr4:nrl groups of lpnitoi or ny$ial i.spintion .nd, p'ocr.join rc.cnt si.'r'fc *rzis.lr ..otrd, .up.ions. L ir noi h. th( th. prcbl.o:ric or. dm. indisciabL tom +.c., olr spr*rin. in jn_ 6nir.3rt.nion, o. rhyrhm.d by idd.n6 or c1t1$ both rpte <iflc. {d 3!' toph6, pr.ocopid n.tisl And, ei.noA.r l.v.l, n ft .or d. th.t th. .om.mpo.ary m.<li. ..volndon, *hid n Frnif.* oi i.Iorm:rion, iF' in th. nons. tnd r.protlldiot rlica :n ide. oI iin. .t l6to or .xPloding .csrdins o 6. vrg.!i.t oI a.hrnd, t ulning ro id u({ly bypdins h! burcr Sut u!@nrbll.6l., '!F jd rnd l..vins only No pr.occupldoni r. rh6. who .pprov. oI it. vno h ro hrv. Powr owr osr.mmins) nnd .Y.r ih. .nd rh. orisi. Glt 'Sc H. c'!.'ch, I' cno' a l' turl J (rrii, cl|lih'i4

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@,dims rh. @nq,l.Lrlrc r e i siFr 7 l ee,l, h(c rulr K;trBrt vromd! rnr'{ r "lnrod!cdd""). Subi"dviq ' h{. d.! "tr'.h.d b ftFol bl i ng".i nri n& l pd 'h. glosr.yi Ddn? n &-rpaa irr | . . {&! 'h! 'i!'q_ bdnubL on-r.niinpidlyb.@mi4. d.frsfr*h (k. noloFsD in EDslish rh. slssry ii D6t ,, L'_ t"4.t.1ft | 'Tni5D.hohr rytholoe hn inpo o.diP:l nlth_iot ar.nt .quri onlr b thB or 'h. rse lulir x,;avr,"Hrii'qu.d.l!ndd. r.rQaI ro ro-re.l^u.l 7a (rr7), 'Il'

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wonca3 tm. u$. Eithd t! rrtnts or $rncs, drcr hlvcrn&r Di lh. dt,,,,t ;t!n . E abk .xplon.io' 't ,B'/, rndplodion $hnh (hh rhn rtn'nn(v. * lcr* { rh. l.'.1 ol r! rspn.rio rrai.cs ot r.$h.dc dd r.lisions unh.,v,l. A$rib_ mc rhi! .ttsndcc ro r ncw 3.n.d on dcr nor ."1" mor thr orh.., P'obkmr hi" --. -b,h d.nindi lorlciopohi.ll h.d d,l.db.h. 'd..' ti6crio. n,adcin $. b4innins. l. ds m.4i $at' by dcm.ndins .c.osnidon ol an ircd!.ibl' id?n_ *t in4 d ilch hry, sihout cqtral'n 'h.opP6n. .xDlodcd,Dlur,l, nu'd, in r (d:in Mv non'dcc il.;L rhu r;m'nitn ri'ud.r i,qllouEd. th.lin'r' dh; ol i.l.ntniB whicl onmtrnioE rhougl Pm' i.ctio! $d r.yindi6ion. su.h . Lminisn leioini' or th. or. hrnd, &. d.h1ic (nlrhicd) rl''morv ctclicd or norum'nbt rem' and,on !n.othd, '1. Dodlnv ot m..sintl nov.mcnts. it is c.drinlr Nr Ly ch.na t!' ,h. Empd. .nd hilqmPsn probl.mrtic h3s b.sn to ?d ,i such { di' sanc of ti6. * $ir n.w Dh3sc femini$. lin1l|{ ni3ific mixNEof rh.$o atnud'r-'' ,h. ."r"" i;'o hi".') o'd ,l'. *di."l -/^r.l subFc .l i mtr:non!,mpo(Jbv thnhnrc ' ,i ' i me on rn AP{'F.N 6d.d or in ih?nmE ul rht r' r.du.ibk di(.r.n..-lh1r *.6s to h"ve brok'n lmk ovd tn. e:$ (.* Y.i. in E novlmrnB. o.nioDrlv in Ftrn.. $d in lhlr ' lI w .(ept fis mon,ns ol rh' *Prdion '5 oI {om.n, ' M kind. of q!6ions ..* cnd.n;n nlhi rhm b? pq.d. wnt *ioPol'b6l prcc6q5 vhnirc itt or;vmrh$.pdol.d'hEmsrnon? pbbl.ms: iB.oDribudod.i wcll s d:ng'6?

115

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.qurl work; lor E\nr& Po{.i in sdi.l innnrions si n thc l'3mF ,{, It G lo' rm pr.cis '.abns, .n in mu:l Imdn. onlid.i?d Lminin or marr work ol $i51dcl.. rh{ t h.v. allow.d mv*lt ihis e thrtri. dcm.d iiconpdibl. *iih i.liisol, into . Pobt.msic ol wh.,d oI nDid .rcuBion in*rtion inrhrthi$oiy-'ll1r. Pan ol th. la|n of *ill undouh.dlv hiv. be' conDLrny. fi. rt.d.r ir.,irit ctor" wni ccndn v.I!d: flot wnh lh' ol (rdd' Erh sru;r b/ : nudun'on rn '|tr | risidv s' ., iJ.olodc.l {th6c rr. omb{.4,nd th.:t . ru'hd. womrn, hFknc,, 'hd rcaciidarr) bur; .?ih.t, vitfi th. losi.nl :nd onwoDan ssun'cs parcitcoh.i..aNhichrh.rc.m 'hink toloBicll valu.t ol . ntiondity domin.ni in rh' ;nont npor2ry id.olost,lP.ii {rom ib ht$" or nrtion{tar.. H(. it G u.'<c$ lor t.tiyist purposn .$.nirllt has .(.d '!hck ih. b.n.lis {hich lhis loBrcol idrntifi.lion and $. ncsativ. .fi.ct ot .ifacins dE difcrcnc.s smorg lh. rnslins $osgl. hN. rhi.v.d .nd onin'u. ro shich op.'rt. ill. div.c. tunctio.s or (u.tur.t (hi.y. (or rom.n (.bodon, on&c.Puoq b.n.,$ tlln vord. Ind.ed, th. tim. lus P.rh1t! 'q!al pay, Polsiond teosnnio', d.,)i rh6. hav' al .one to .npfi*i& t[. muhiplicitv ot t nrrl. cr' rc.dyhadorrilk6nh.e..t(s.v.nmor.'nPoF s rh* {ron rh. pks'one rnd prctuprtions irni tn.n tho& of $. Indunn.l Rdoluian, Uh' mishr rdni ol rh.& digffine, 'hd. 'nr.r(tion kRililt in ns rDpro,(h, thn turrcnr in Lminn'n l6s c.mncrcillly, rnd no'. kurhmor. pdncb m'_ p;oh[m! ol som.n-ol di!(di b<trK.n th. d'|fta,.. s/oDdrts $. rcn fund'n.rkt '!tty, 'h. h.ui. is<s.civiliDtionior qmplvnt!try!nFprv(nrc r*o $6: 1d'dd.n.. thl l.minilm hrr hrd 'h. un,ltr th. hbcl Univ.6,l 'i0om:n_ A n'(idB, .nodous mcrii ol end.rils p,inf{ tn.r isl pn_ ol wom.n 6. onrr be conid.r.rion oI !4,?,ifid in acivniz'_ dtrcdv.olsuryrnd andoI lrBboli. htc as i .on..iv.d ot i6 thk Blobd Mt t . $ce$ion rionwhich.ousid. lh. *o.L dch proSrcsion in rhc aconplktd.nt ol th' innial prcsramnrpp.d orr by rs found?6 rh:i on. cr.not .p.a* or - lt ii obviou!, mor.oEr, h:ntl ro 1 In r rNnd Dhrs.. hnkd, on *nhout:ugg.*i.s Europ?orof"Nn.ninElroP. ro hminsm rft( *l'" ooc 'h.orh.r is iic y"met *"-m rl'. iim. in which thn sdioonnrll dnrihution ?orh.r.roe M iy' 9 6 3 1 n d ,o n 3iru2r.d,Ifnkn{.th{.L6rL(nribiliry.m.q.d ..nh.dc or D.vcho$.lv c.xpai.n' lin ar Em_ 1'. E a. rhr bv inBoduc_ r endry reo, $..h.o6 rotdlv tf!$d' .nd borrlitv h$ h..n inr ou noiion ot rim.. thn sdsibilit n noi in "dn' ' tras tt'cc 'tmo*rri*n rn .tr..rbicd ionse'cnc 'B .gien.nr wnh th. iad of r 'tGmd Euop. ' rd ll it L h' n!{ t tn. .nti6 polirial dim.ndon nor .vd *ilh th.i of t 'mod.m EuoP. ' t rhlF rri3 60r. ent cut nt of f.miniln rcGs ro R.in.r, througb .nd snh th. E!roP.:n p1n rnd 'i ns Dr.d.c.$os nd d{ thc $russh 16r rcidl' rr6at, $ rttolsn .nd uith th. .nr.mblc ol Eu' is olin tur;l ftcocnidon ol wom.n i! n.a$.iilt rct.," whi.h b th. tPosirorr o( moo.v' dN kn_ to thint oI i&lf s b.' onsn. ih! curcm s.n t npo.lx+ tibiliry i.ks it o*n r.ntED'op.m di('r tonsi.s io eno$cr sn.r.iionlu.liidtlv ft?r. rr., ]t ..y ss., r[@ .aito(,6 on rh. pan ol o*n ir6 @napio. d .ni lrcm th.6st otr.-i. thn.oncp rur@..n Lmind mov.m.nb 's 'd:rd id.nie and, cons?q!.!rl, ol t nPor.li.v rs 3!chtion;l t,r.,r rnpanl'ry, uhi.h it t.,dilv bh.l.d &scoli,lt inr.r.*.d i. $c ,P..ificitv o{ i.m,l' F nidlin rnd whici n * on.. boih civiliation.l cholocv ltd iB nmboli. nrlizfiont thd won'n .ndok.$ion,l. rid *r, ri" Er* r hns':8. ro fh" ntnubimK corror.:l .ip.ri.na. l.fi hut bv dhu. In rhc

m.!n rhat l.yd, i'EiJ. $n.sxln.irn td o.idtz' 4 li.l,l, wh(b onc rsrin pos tl'. quqi'on d dllJdm.eemonS$F rnd ol -.".ldltd.oe a'. 'h. rcductblc ont !o lh' toi jc.s sno rh.ns.l'd w.nc'n ocidnn, shrkd in ns Ert bc8rningr or dili.r.otirt d.n'n& or iis tv .h. .*litirhn sd(' k,!.. Flon TisEn),quicllt &ortl:l ol +oa wom.n sfo rspncd ro r(osnition ol r lpdiFcirv ol rh. t mil. dl. iD Gi.rv .nd cuhur' onlt F i,inin. (rom rh.', in !h. .g.liudn and lniv'F eli,ii; spi'n o( Enlishtmm.D!Humr.nm $c ida id.n 6odo' b.N..n d'. Fo s'xd ol i icc.slrt I $. o.lv rnd nniquc m..n, lor lib.!.ti'8 thc ''*@nd kr." I tntll not dcv.loP h.rc rn' hd lh' thii id..l n lrr lrom b?ine zpPlnd in Prldia bv rh.scrocklii jnlpid md.n.or! znd Frri6 "d rhii n *!. in pti tom rhc r.voh as.iDn rhit dd'' tion thsr th. ncw slnerdion ol Nbh.n in v6tdn E!rcoe *6 6orn iti{ M"v re53 r.i !s jsr{v rn{;fl rh@ry, td I pur into pradic. in E{!d' Eurcp., so.izlin idolosy, b6.d on a @nc.Fion ot dG in PD d. h;mrn b.ns n d.kmrn.J b/ '6 did nq rh hnn rnd rn r.ldhaas ol tror!.nd rhi. sd. huhtt b?ing blc itro consid.ratian 'c_ dprcd!.,to, on tk on' roil,m to $ plt. 'n orl.., on .r coBF 1,.,1 ;,,nrh. 'h.o "'roln ol wom.d ouldont sp;'6. +xrk qumrh, rD*r *'h.oonA(ndn or 6.n n roolit**n rPirir oI thn idc ..' r;;h!ns ""d olo$." W. bgrnto * rhr thd em..3r[unrn ha *6 ,nd in hcr eBurinskm.nr 'nP'*c, tmm Edhht nd.ni Humhisd lhrcu3} *idsnl. on dd, in pdidbr' spdi6cin6 oi rliBi;E wnrhi! bd 5ch'-.d bY thitNtud?fthnr non.th.las of spMl imPo@G for Nn'n' rnd I !hrll rakc ar rn.:rmpl. dr ch,n3. in thcd"bnY Eu' of som.n in ti. si2list .ou.ri.t o{ tstd drc. lt could bc .,id, wirn ont slish.t.esB!don' (nsjrs .nd .rtr.ntid $;t d. d.d:nds ol,h. tr!< D. Dsno. "L Auk krr dd bokh?ili_ L/ Q4l, i., D. c,id'd lP:turE6' no F{,tl)ilulnK nd 5 !' (5& troni dd r.nnd, Itn. tr \tma. r:s. Ani'rBnllg{N.q Ydk unftd re t.r7l. lAu.$'l Til r-tiehta-d E ith.a. rt F ".1; i 'a -.h l, Jad ", {Nd toA, colunbn Uni(qiry Prq tt63rl I2;nn' d u ',nt't;or ltoltt;:z a- a Bun'nrnu la! l ,"di. s.boulrI-L, adild Pri'4 '976)

SocI^usM AND FEUDIATiISM

$ai iI tl'ir flN 8ftdion On. @dd fivpottci* {b6d in;{! ieli ro b! nor. difns. rnd p.F "r n'or' hiD. !6s.on<iou, in th. UniFd sriks 'nd ;$iv. in v6rcm Europ.,+ir i6 b.(artdla "ri o$ and m.nhl' c' rsp|n i1bl. !pl* rn sodal rl Ddduedbv sDl'5m:nd Ftrudirnnn l m'an bI ;o.idln,, rht.srln,nln d"cnn. *hKh 6 incka. brc,dly dir*n'n:red:n'l rcalrcd A b:Ed 'nBl/ .n comnon s4!.. :r *ll rr th{ rdur Pn'he .dopFd by spE'Mrnts ,nd poliiidl pidi6 in th' tam6 uh'+ ii. roftd b d;cdd. 'rhd o ind'd. th' dieuilndon ot zo* o{.Fliurhnir I Bt rra"'tr' dlo( soods s *?ll r! .c, 'o

T\ro GENEMTIoNS

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bphn.r.'trd !.3, Ponulii voar!&'i' d. & rry.t. qll IP{*: PFq ,',rrr. l Ih L;sur d pr,<hu

qhil.inm(di:Fry unn<'r1hr. tr.rbdRPry Doro m ,ocrcFl'tial lil? oI nrnonr, Tfi! Politidl d._ 'h. mndr ot wom.nt rh. qrussl.! fo, .qurl prv lor

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Wofld\Tim. of won.nl is 3n irihting PhrllocBr in a Vienna ben nrtin f.mini$ I'v., !o e sr.r.ikni 'har n wd t! onc. P!.nm &d de..d'nr-' de_ @nnric! slnc. ihr.. oi th. orin esllitinan -hichftnosiz.d wom.n as sub'n.n'.anr!'cd 6'ni who r.ndr of .rrly f.'ninnm h,v. ben or ii' now b.ine rnDkm.nkd dsfi. {rrrns ind bl"n i6 @n;m;, pol'n61, rnd Proksr' nl 'qtrrl rr th' SuBJEcr AND/oR CASTRATED Iounh, $Iud *lurlitn wl'i.h rmP!itspa.r$'v' . TO LANGUACE n.r< ir rrurl rd{ioft (indrding homo(xur Elrtions), lbodio., rnd coor!.tPtion "nrins ju* s u'll r for B.foe soins b.yond Fftud b proPd. r 6o-re *dclln 6y i:boo in M3dirn.hid ihG fondh rqualirv vGionofwoo.n, orDoa mod6n dsons ol iar.. It n, ih.., snd.alrnd his larion o{crsratio!. l.n' 6dtof 2ll, which is .hc pobl.m znd which th&do.. ipPsd dol B( sir qu(non nlrn dtrs,tr[.r /.4/ofcnn'rcn .sdrid in th. *ruggk of a new gcntctioi cor.hdr. Dcri! .r'fr I qd6non, 'h'(ror'i or htlbn@lrly 3nd rs . conicqtr. ec in tad: bkl lrastur, f;rn'imr mdiLv p.ra{r6l' in th' r'6 cillkr tcomplish6.*s-which *ond ms I ro,irani**oti- .i uort' srussk ir no longd c'n"rn'r d!6non-,h. 'sd 'crcr, ' b* gojng sDi,3bove all,a6r.lul r.,din3ofFrtnd, wri,h. qudr ror (qu:liry l,d, rrrh.i. with difitr vo; hn biolorism rnd hn mcchrnish' boih cltr' enc d;oe.i6citv- Itispftci..lv tthGpoin'tl[t kitrsr os$o thinss Firn rs ;tftdcoihisrim., '..N!.;dtionmount.*Nh*mishrh'c'll'd L'! qudiion.'' 5.t!,1 di(4n..-which lor . primrl 5"n' lhr ryr;o/z r(ruDFnron 'h' rcii.hN. lpd'i5 dvvl r( ;.b"q l, ry rnd n rr;nc. hiolosrcrl,Phlri"los(3r rnd ElJtiv' iu 'B hyp.rh.$, e pfl^ri rupponions inFiisi' to,rh' rcprcJudion-is mndrt d bt rnd @nnrk! I d ts rh.ory rdl, m th. rf. rhrlh!* rk nor ihc r'o lftoc. in th. nhiionrh,p of$hkds rc rh'.sldrd'ncr invrnio' bu'i dtheri r'gcrl b.hc mnFr( which t th.si,lonrrd: losc:l I:nori.5 of 'h.n pow.a hng!'3'' n;Gsitics to b. tlied 1t th. o'isin in orderb se, rh.n, th. rl,iion'hiP 'o dphs ehx unerinslt lun.ions id n'sonc dr' rnd n..irg. 'n Th. !hirP.n 1nd mon eubd. Pointol bv Ih. n.* 8enbrc!8ht.b.ui cotrrk.ln o'hti word! n.u'onc dtr.ole rn mrn f.nin nt ,ubv.6ion bc dtui.d on th. teftin ot r{i.n viu hdaiodl' and {in,r.,.af, o'ly bc und.utood it i'ds or itt own losic Nh.n i$ tund.n.nmr sus.r .re admt_ !h. ins6.!rbl. coninndion ol thc smal aid ih' r.d .s rh. rrnlader o{ rnt ,rimll *.n. .td .vnboliq In ordd to ry b dtrov?a 6Er' rh. rpe "$"_ (.5 niy b. ..r.1 nor$ins r'nd'ts uon..rd cificiry6l tk f.m:l., rnd rh.n, ih..nd 'h'r of 'n tr*ll Sutd in snll,orh'r p**nt r rh.m '6lirv srtuillion ol socitrli$ id.olog a cc' A eflin e .m i,h . ftr liq o i o(nnon i sn tor i th. h)po(hds of:n.rploean Rhleh'rcodinB to tir .xlMunion.I is por.ltial ai a Pognn (it nobvious dt.tih. e(ectiv' onrtt modcm iriophYss, n r rhc o Ddsirl N.rhing prore' it. in : $nn r tr )n rtu'rr oI r.rliztion ol ihir progdn n hr Gonb.ing.'6m' '.6., n'm{ous Ph! di6i.dcb.ingthn 1.,fi, !l'sh..L .nd I rm hc( trdnns onl) nr vncm ol F'sLl;nGm I:m'or n o m r'konly f o r lil. r hn bi shtns u dEugt'O nrls w3y lo' 'n hvpothgn Buion" obkonh throd*h thi' 6usi ,qri. rhn Lhn Grn rnd su Pndrc' {r 'nirit moi. iolrdehcn dtir Iind orihrdkqdrr sho.L'ns to rh. Am.non mr'l(rurl rorNhr 'n6n'cl' thn sh" n 6 muddL'r mdhod coneins inrnim.tman' on!.ioum$ {whch ngndv RrB lord ol psvchormb*) rnd' abd' appli.d b 6ur o*n sbi.divitv.nd rhN' Pdhrps' and rcmitizi's m.chlnkn ot ou! ro rh< fu'd16.nol il. to thc f.minnt co'rciousnds To ddrid nv rc 'PGt'nG mxls b tt\. kftr: k ft not tru. rh'r Fdd hrs ' n brlnd lT" rt' or d.n .n .xPloit4 Morcoy.;,etuinkYbsriE b.d icm only * r ddigrio. 6rei1llv rhoi'olth' t dt teron ot D,.adt,h (;nd sd tooic. in prtricuhr rh. M'r'prl'[o'o9) 'nFru!f 'lt tu, tuldior d.6n.d bt Kn\6r LnopPoiron b ii' .nd ,h.ir;...nr dt irions (notsblt h,'Lrcrn) " hio!., -i, inlol\6 Ph.a 'Lr il.n'iria'ion 'h. 'tu!.lron o[ie!,,id th. s i6 dGdidioi olrbid:nd L{r, E..i'{tn"':d Dot' ""du dlLrhno,d: r ii n5a i lq.rh!lrqqrtir '!(,;a.imr,l,q*' rd, ir prnioh' Jr.q!'5 bon k vrr' s.ul, hdLi. ft."rn! "{'h.F. i x ku!bs.. ind i4 r xx'!$) r &u z lP ni ,,E di o du*ur' retJr rrr'l ^l'( n, in n, d. imrginary ..i_ inply thar onjlio' irudio. ot. rdicrl op.hnon rhi.h cotnintr t th. symbolicfeld.nd.ll h.in8' in$rib.d dEEin siBos rndsynrzri d6r 6, Thnope.ion.onnnu6 htraurl., !s r J.p,r,rio, froo r Pr.inn.d nit. or nar!r., of pl.sur. tu*d $irh ndui. so.h.t n'. in_ roduc on ol!n.nicul.kd ndlo'k oIdifi.!n..q *hich rcr.n to obi.cB lneforln.ntl only in lhis tod . ,trbi.d, my con*itoR r.c,_ w.y 6.pxr1ted i,s. l1'; logi.rl op.Grion ol !.p.raio' (6nlirn.d whi.h od by,ll psyciolinguisric childFsychology) rEondirions rhl bindi4 d,l.n8nt3. which is.l' rcrdy syn.lctical,; th.tiorc th.sommod d.{iry er.inbi. otrh.Ros.rs,m.nandvon.n.ll hmilial .onditioN and r.ldonrhips ouc wohn hdd noiably hyn.dct to dcny tfiG5.ptr.rion and *. lang&s? whi.h .nstrs fiom n, wh...,s n.n (no$bly obs.$ionrls) masnily bolh rnd, tctrificd, .*.npr b ma$s rh.m-rl,ii n shn Fr.udt dicovdy h.s ro t.ll us on rhir issua Th. analyiic inra'ion ind..d 5fio*3 rht n is d. p.nn whi.b, b.6ming th. oijor i.f..cnr i. this lop.r,rion of s.panrion, Sivs tull m.ding ro rh. h. strbic.r I ld.l or ro th. ?6@ whi.lr conrtisit lduli.s hjs or h.!;nseiion inro rn. ord{ oi lan' lsu,se. | lhould only I'r. o 'n.l'6k hcr. thrr. in I dd(Iorrhir oFnnon .onirrunt. olth. s) mbol c L,ndrn.$cirl o app.lr i. is lullru'h lnd ro.kto , b. lndcsbod by both scrcs. it sourd b. jtr( b .nph6i,c ns .xr.n:ion D all thr is t.iv.ion ol ful6lln.rr md of ronliry; ?x.lurion oa. pl*sinB, nabBl,and sound!18 in sho4 th. br.tk indis_ p.ns$t. to rhezdv.nt oftbc atmboli. It cln now bc ten how w6m.n, mriins wnh this theodic'l appadus, niSh(ry to und.inodrhcn $xuel r.d .ym6olic dilirrdc. in rh. rrud.work of roci.l, altur.l, $d prct *ion.l t.,jn. 6., in ordd.otry, !t...ins $.ir poridonth.r.in,.nhr 6 f!li[ tn.n o*n .xp.ricne to. n.{mum orbut rlwnyr $1'ti.8 fron rhit poin!-to 8o iudh.r .nd.,llinb q!.$ion $. v.ry 3ppMtus ibell

471

bolk .onhda? tl t\. s..itl @ntzd, lr fron bcn,s 52c.i riar oI ?qurl n.., n b*.d on.!.s*nridly 6cid r.lzrionshipoai.plrl on rd rniohdon ol dif.mes which in lhi, w.y produc conmuni c.btc 6.r.ins, sfr n our plt. in $n ordcr ot s!(incc rndror of h,s!rs.? No lons.. wishinsio wnh th. {unc.ion h..rlud.d or no lonsd.o.h! *hich hr alM/r ben d.mrnd.d oIu, {ro main_ thjr sciosynbolic t.in, ad,ng., and perp.tut ontiad ai no,h.B, wiv6, ntr6es, dtrtoB, r.lch_ .d.. -), ho*.'n w. rd.al ou' pla..,6'ii!. n n beq$.th.J ro ur by radnion,.nd $.! rs w.wrt n b dimcuk to.vrluft w6rtinrh. rchtionrhiP its.ll not ol wom.n io th. ryn!.lic rs tr rdc* (p.tn:ts onjund.. .rir, lron r $iohiroicrl .h3l idslogy, whdkr Chrniirn, hudani$, sc .hlisr or $ Ioft), !.d wh*.ti$s ,rom . nructu..- \v. on sp.ah only about 1 stuctuE obi.vcd in 1 snioli5roriczl .onr.rt, which it thtr oI Ch&_ ii.n, v.!.. civili?,ion.nd itr lay nnifiotio.s. ot psychorymbolic s In ihL i*. ''w.' lis n n.c6ert o ncrll ih. w.rni.g, w. lheb.sinnin8of d,isrtricl..onccoi4dr nr.d rhlrrh.y lootizingueolthisplumll)5.?dtotcl ar. $c osurkid, $.i.hey |tvc ben l.fr o olthc so.iosymbolic onr,d, ol langu.g. rt rh. tu.d.' heotal scirl bond, Tn.y 6od no af.d rhct , nd mor. rhln rh.y 6.d rh. fluid and i.fnit6ihal iis: ni6eridn. ot rh.i rlttion,l'ips vnh th. .a!!r. of bodier,rnd ol!h.cl ld, 3noth..wooan. 'h.no*n or. n,n,Ihis,runrarion, whichro r c?tuin .rtdt belons! b m.n ale, k 6eins voied .odry Prin' ciFlly bI *om.n, ro rh. point oi b.coming th. .$?nc. ot . lew i.minnt idcolqy- A thddoi. di6dlt, if nor inpo$i61., id.ntific,ion with 6. dtr,Fchl losic ol !.prB on tid rynrr.rl.rl k' qi.na r rh! loundrnono{langu.8. rnd.h. $c'rl iv.d .r cod.l.'d! ro th. r.i6!ion of rh. 'vmbolic-l th! Gicdion of .h.pri.dal tunciion:nd ul!ih.r.ly Aur d,t limit. d&ly r.rch.d ff such,Produ.6 oi sh.i * hlv. sd irj'.! ot .ou..rinr6hcnt r.m.d rh. sociorrmbolicrcnrtc. On rn. onc h!nd, rher. arc rcnp6 ro i.k. hold of fth.onFad, ro po,ks it in ord.. ro .njoy it ,r such or ro ir. How!Ti. r.$vn Emainsdirncul(o foF ''hv.n ant fomuLdon n deo.d nuLi. Gi.c., lr..irlt irunr:ing, nun[in8, srci6cial)o..1$ is i. ld trk. iomll.t d usi6si.r.oryF ,nd ofi?nde.dly id.oloBi6. On thc otfi.r h.nd,!n_

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In.ny.1s.,.nd ior*om.n'n turo!.bnry,wb.the. or no. rh?y 1r. @nsciouiot lhe vidous muEnons (socirlnr 1nd Fr.udi:n) $ich h$t prcducrd or rinply ..odp!ni.d th.i cDmi.s inb th.n osn, rhc urs.ntqu.*ion on our ls.nd! misht b. forn!! h(4 .s lollovs: vh't at b. ow pt'.. ht th. 'Jt''

wa,td\Tim. {78 Jfu^ KRarlv^ ex' DhoricordeDG*d om,nricism .nd.l*'v! 'n n*.isuu(t,m6(npn'' i.".nor";.8"I".li.s ktin.non. \16rr lrhou0l*. 'o 2.tnton, rs d undouh.dlt t Buc or 6lki{ !.d !iidDl.6.;r;d int.itioi, but onr *hich i! in' ddc dsc .nd *hich has bc.n detlv 'rY.alitrg p:i L*).:R.i!th6,Th.n.w8.ntr:ilonof-on'n kihowinr r irt mror ncirl m s(,oit mb.lk cod Ed * r ncn6cul onrrt' 'h.rn'hropologBBrnd r l( Fy.hologirR. fd:.ldn G.rur/, hry. nornopp.d in$n'ngon thB m rh'r' lrH8.rhuught, wn rhnonb dr.ami or wric6, som.n .r? rod.v ri6mansrnd w. .onlau.nrly l.c. . nlr ph.noddon* fiie e.rin.j.l .hr rh.v rrc iorc.d ro .xp.d.n.. cont .t .3.in* dtn wi['' 81*d on lhis' ih.v rrq r (itrii(mn r(mpi'nB r r.vol' $ hich rhcy k. 'r s: *hol.und.6':nd!rsmurdd' bur"h'chsto Thnrit.mptonl.adustolno!1.$,.d.o'eti6'i moc d.ily viol.ta or to i cllbEl innovllon' Probably to bolh d onc.- Bur ih'i n pld$lv sh"c rh. n,!es tc, ,nd ihcv ,r. ol .pnhal ,isni6cmc''

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oth.r 2nibd. i, mor l$id lron i!. b.sinnins' r.ruti4 or oot s.lfanalrtial *hich-sithour (d.!Rpp'ng thB loc,olymboli. or'la-oBBc 'n toms'oc!nlo..,h..on,irutio n*'ins h$ lrom th.lnh led8. ic.u_ rh; -nrD(, nuln.d iboutit h hropoloEy,ptv.ho:ntv\n iin cuiiti6) thzn lom rl'. very p.Fon,l rr.(t.rp'ri ai I womrn iEa .hcn faci"c t r 'nJ r.s.arcli'' sill r,r.' unThn his to $. .ciiy. -urco dou6tdt h6iad 6d tlw:F dksid.nt' b?ins cli ri.d od 6y *omcn in ih. hunln simc?si p'fr'!' on rrrmpr!, in rlE *rk. ol @nrdnpodJr Itrlt :d, tu bft:l rh. oJ., ia sh'r.rhn8drs.. to nnd I b ft. bodv 2nd 3F.ifi. dir.oucdcd 'notioni ; .u,n.o..bl.r.pcs.dbvth.tociilont"r' wom"n! LnBuig'I am not lp.rlinB hd. ol, 6 hidly probwhG. kt t.1( tnu.udl).\Rr.n.. l.h"dcrt .nd vhosc.oD.rcnr l.ric'l sp.cifr.irt is p.Arp! murc rh. podud oi r s.El marFn:lirv ih.n of : ft$rlsymbolk d'dd.ne.'oill. &rh.iic q!,lirv ol po_ Nor .m I $.*ins ld ,ludiod by $on.n, non oI * hict'-*i$ ' 'x(cpriof,t(buth$rhii not.lw.v. bccn$. c's' vnh borl &x6?l-.4 r r.ncr.tion ot

D'io!r rtJ'r'nt "TIB!orl R rd'oi(nl] publ'h.J iDpEii&r'u' Rr& no' kh.n! idnrl!. 6. or u 'h. ontvn al so.Ph rni8' \,RB: ta;ol.twona id ol cfinro Pd Alio drcr n.th.epd r n{61 ..;!'c k;Dn. ftms$mn rz R.'!' ''d 'n"ar tx,,#rrL'lLUlr.no.. (,etrirnd"rri F.mmdd D 5.linl Dhilmehi., L. Dq r'i Jr. rrn@ (Edn'on! m . , (, e77 r . 1 ^ u . l dn'tvoadr PIe.\N.w Yqk' HnFr I Lrr.{Irnnop. & Roq ,r7rl llrry L r.t M,L|F4ot. Iirs"t \ ,n H"'d+ rM.N.io: i! r., saKrc. P-3, , et l..s'.,_ z 'r ^ 1 d l' Q!'I '" ift. ro r;hd (,e77),er.& er,Tl.onn-' h($(n'har"rdP'n' qrit rYdhg : ' i o s o { m f t n ! l p R d *a ' d n u o di rh. .mclPturr bis ro rda oi l1l. |d 'n ''Gmrl. Lnqu,r. nd b.rnfh z.dhd. Irn rmc ror' wh!h.r!hl.'IulhFn.lvinr@Ek,'orh'nrdih! Ln.l n nudr oi hnsr8. :nd hd s ,; .({njr 'h. For tunha ontrd, *, . I. Prrll coirnPodry r.r'!ier noqfi m f dic, T,'nnJins Didd.n(- 'n rh. r'tur al afraad, .n H4tr En<6rin 'nd ( H'rl6{ c!, 'h' bd''.tBo.;.c 'erori'h. rc Nlq Fd.r rcdq;loo ^l'rt Mnls {d lqb.lh d! CormYrcn lAmh.o': U v.Dirt dl M8.chu!s nn* ,e3ot! :nd for: Erv hdptul q.ftn*ofth!rrc6Lmol ditGm.. rd l 3d4c i' in 5.'d 19' Fnre, c sllohd Ho(h, "Dillnort" nd j (^uEnn 1e73): Jt-rr! Iril

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Chinr) rnd incr.asinslyin w6t trod.r prsuE frcn Lminist ho rr. b(insprcmotdD l.:d.chip posnion3 'n3o!_ :nd culu'. ln.quJlnd. dc' .rnm.nr, 'ndu{ry dr' ptrscuron or vdoriz:tios. md.r6tinddon!. wom.n {thii l.y.l conrinu. biolds*1v in v.in. Ti? srugsh:8rin* th.m n, trdgsl. r3:in{iF chrn*- Th. du* h* nondh. i@d, lh. principl. hd b..n 2cept d " vhlr rc_ to $. mts ''ftn ir oi. of th. non .xe[cn cf.rcn.6 dn rh. bs in r.!ir nrtdisB oI "i.ftud Lniric d hw r6P' atla't'a " rha.\'r$\.n rr.n ;'lL' b h.,. tk .mphnk n d qom.n3bdt'l Lk,nt, asriin th.i, bod'6 " lhr. tbin.d drbF u' rr,-t * s"ei !'*'nilla! vm.n n. 'h w,r rNd -rn.ia.l,d Y;!r, smn & sch6rr,Itrl d*b,"s *;""s! 'r'h'.'id" 'r-, -F.i-* l rr'l ..,, o lr h ( r ln b o lko nrxi rrrom.rr!. eMrnv\m.n in $. st( who:roM.:gnniiorigrl anan kvlor.mPrq' i-; dokd b rhm rbo. '

rlft ihe rna oi . lib.n'im Somc pnl downd. Bin,n.c.o.irns..ln Fizin, n b brcak 'qit. mov.n.ntsuch ar {dninism.n&, in 5oft oi iB r* wnilcaill oncoirh. hrtr f rhn ens., rhisnru8Bl., p..t, in thc consolid:lio. oI @nformnmi o$.ri \ conc.rns ot d,. ncw s.ncr.rion. k ron nti. / sillrioict 2rdpront tom thir ta.i El.frral..F I +ealins,tu loblcE.ln !.l.rioBhip ro pb!.r, n! p.isrs, rh. rcrr lifi of pohictl Fni.t, ontinu. to I Foblln nighi Ftnc bc s{om'iad ', rollo$: th.r bcr on thir lat r t nden.y, Exp.ri.nc? pmr d , I v'h.r h.pp.ns wh.n rcm.n @nE tuo pos( I I id.nrii/ rith i.t wn.t 6'pp.nswlEn,o' ih. con' r@ qricut .v:' th. prordr or innoanE initiltir.i ( I F.%'fi.yrtusrow.i.nda..tc.p.ollel,oci.ry, otr tl'c pa( ot wom.n inh2lcd by Dofti rtnms (wh.n rhq do no! s6mir b rlEfr risl't o() r. . | 1 ounr..po*. which thd r:kc or z:pnR r:ns. r@n cr.dn?d ro rh. rFem s acounr; .nd rhlt tn. I ins {6n 1 dlb o{ idos io . sroupor krornt lons.rwrir.d d.moa.tianon oI'n$itononr.!. E. Iromridor?" sulr of rh. .ntry ol womcn mo$ oft6 om6 dwn ;- 11. isunption hy qon.n of.xd"ri!., n ul rc f$id.iig . r.w "chi.ls ' lnons th.n. Tn. di6/ trhl, rd ol.unl po*6lrx noi,up b th?p..snt culry Fr&nrd by $is loerc o, intg'rting lh. scI ih., r.dicrllycMns.drhc mtur. ol ii po*.r ond Rx inio a v.h. sy*m .vp.rioad 6 focign I Thtuen b. ck.ny *.n in rh. E.$, wh.., woft. I prcmotd ro d.cnionmilirs po,iriorsludd.nly rnd th.r.|or. .ount..in!et.d is h@ b rvoid ilt. ...mliz'tion ol pow*, ho* b d.u.h Mn . lon I obtri' rh..ononic.s rcll ai rh. nd.isenicad. ol il, .nd hd rhdr .D proacd, thnud ih.n dniJ r.nns6 rcfusd th.n io, thous.nd, y.aB.nd | 6.com. $. pill.6 of thc .riiins sovc6'n.n$, .rl, di(d.nrial, 'nd.obnonous int nmtion,, to institutioDs mor. {.xibl.. r.n&r d.cilionrniling I s!ard;n, ol ih. $ds qro, in. nGt z.alouspro' j cdoB oa .n*lnh.d orda.'Thii id..ifc.lion Th.n d.( ,G d. nor. ..diql r.ninis. oftnt th. by wom.n *iih th. v.d poqcr sruord. pRri f*hich, alusins homloB'ion b .n, rolc oI id.nip.".rh mr(.. wh:t $. I ouslyoBid.r.d s rnNtlting oppr6.i'c,'o. in.c- l6-""" "o -i"i's , aunt.. mry b., tu|. oI i@nn I e$ibl. h.s oftcr ban u$d h mod.rr !im.s by b lpN( 'hc rh.' dtudtord 8 . 'd rhc lbhafii rcBimd: C$m,n Nationrl-Socirlns l rdtrr. A "{.n.1. @ci.iy n ir which rll , 1rd !h. chileaniui,. rft .r.nplts ol,hk.r' Tl$ lsoir o{ rlB.so ol fi. o$.hltridy. ,hr tih i' I pm'oid ryp. oi count.'inv6! , J Et or i.nH6n.d poeibiliti.s ror ia'ittua a*. I\ lrad onl.r a.n p( Jl rctus.. As,in* ti. rociorldboli. .onred, both ln.nt ir f. irniiuy d.ni.ds/mbol'c ( h.ps cxphin.iiis imublincph.nomlnoni $ ll edi6ci2l :nd lrusrning, thir @unrcrsi.ry n but prolibkions,tE .xpranrnon do4.or p(v.nt tr! o,$'vc ProFga- j im.siRd d hrdorios, 'itiou. rion rou.d rn. do6., pahapi in lc* drahlti. I xnd lul6llins. ln o!. hoddn rci.n6 which h.w io'msthrn ih. rotrlnanan o,csF.nrion.,iabok, I no hcr.iltd o., at 1.,$, which a'. mugn. up in . !s .li mding ow:rd ltv.li.g, sbbil'ri6n, rcn. I trnsccndcnc, od.r Educ.d b thi dd. 6I rn. (Qtholic'sn or dunbli4 ro'mami * ih. o$ or co$n8 .xeprcni, qp..| *!nd ebGEnind) / rc I and iis dii.nt ch, .n3.t, th! ouor.rtr'dy sinft itnprc I nrn! rh.onlt (Ing. for tul6llmenr ; ,t'. cl.d, n.y 6rd I cndy r 3{opia, r plac. ou$id. thc la*, utopi.! i.!')t.s*ttt rhk $*im.nr, a.n qu2li6<irdublins, sy th.l.d. -.*, --onic 'o Nhc'h* ih:t or iiIt ,i rdEr., howEr, ti pir.ilj ' As wid, any soci.ry, rlE ouni.ddictt n b.&d ,ionj{: hiJ Dlopdri,.,llusion.lr'.1 rrT[. E y i!:l .xnbc rnd subD hdh 01,h6. kB'onr oI $on.ni sreup. n Ld.F ni! Kn: ks ms.d!rcbl.n m Urn.d tn6 qh( 'h! tnni5' srcupr oft.i ,brlb.d br.hrrrdcm):nd/ r. fd:icirllr da.Ddur or prl tr n IoGd b rhti zqddidsd.hd.nml :s.i.i3, trrl 'Ss D. CrtotA. lsr M.^. MrdchilAnJEradr t L. /,&n-. Orii ro^3, ret6)! Mrhd. Mrrth4 modma Ur!.rr Colp d Alt.nltn\nin IaIdtP rer).1^01 on ih. exFulsion ol.i cxcl'dcd.lm.n!,2 sr. sdtr(rr'trrs.d wnh ihc.vilolwbicn tll.@nDrniiy duly .oditurd can thcn purE. it*lt;" r tu.g. *hich riil 6..lly .{oneric lh1r comrmity ol in/ tuto( diti.kn. N{od.n pr.cn rov.mnB h2E o&enrtir(1td rhi5logi., lc:ting ih. guiliy o..!Th. rilropolqJ" :r dotl!.in.irl.r of r '!:dfdl op.'l br Rsa cin.d in l, vblza d t sar lvioloa rnd dp. ii D.r :id Cr$c! 'e7, 'lcqcdjlP,n, .hant a.t.6 da,. t' {anturd rh na 2lPiti'l G $.t, tr73).l^u.ls.. G'int ldrl

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This FonuJ iJddi n ecl. rc Dt.gur|,n u ;r rh. bi ' ol rny P 'rr(r m' u ;m ( h :n ir m ;lY(m.n'.I' mrY nrndu.c difle( !.n( rhr rhdc rftiru 'h? ]id tdrn 'uJ.s'n[.nbh rt"brrl'rcn ol d h$ "iol'n( rom Bur $li.n | subldt i' tuo bruclrv rru&d eramPic' a $raruni wh'n, rhn so;iosvnbolic 'or romrn r.el! h' rd.dve lLiea .ondruonrs J rocDl b.rng roo br orpold lfrod h( l:mivio s .!(in!tlscouii. rm si'ru,ios); sh. mr) hr 6unr'rNes'nB ' hs.ndu(d' mil" or hekrr r N' viol.n( 'hr o combd k$.J" :q.N oi rhs livkne in dds n {dtt wr;.rt.ri.nad butwnrh'rcnor -hr wh(hmavs.ndElrcpornonrl oi moR PE_ I shtdt' $rh s n.omD'ibn rud?nng tom wh(h th'v ong! cisclvn*.i5'snc d'mo' n&. N<6srilv opp6'd b rh' bou4'ds .rrrcrtFm6 in noy{ rhE krrcr tr .' . D;o a r ir o r h te E'or "n "d{ *nK h '(" mYc emFcFl 'hri 'hotrrdm_ -.r;oo;ksn., y cn "u gh r i 5 not:e:tnr ornnn:n Sr :n sd b :s fi.n krdrisr srcdps wrh womo i.om$ 'h,runld+ rh.mrh6bs d'h( rg'mq ';onants i'bsn svs.fls, wh6. a*nc ir' oi(!6"ttroF |.8rlrv ru\. l.ur who* .xp:nd'n3 d.mocnn' t curmrcd r.l3hv. rckrun'c E ot:n.or l,zorhls rlr< h rh.nrm'ori nrDn In:8mm u5 Dr.$.d grouP, of ' hudm '*mG ks' ornn ;ood md ound;rn rh' n:m' Ihm'd' rb ;.$ oIli.h:k tulFllm.nr which 'n rb'arrv sr*L rd ,hs *.n brd 'nd ulrimr'rv!'*nmF nrbd ord. hrt cod? ro dirruP'' :d v is Kos.d ol b.nB opp'c$ivc' i5 it nor wm no( bdu G4orh.d sifi bsng rm -'rk p'r rdsm F 'hir rk --.*,;suD Anthrop"loBl hr! llDwni{ lct,,ub;;c.: so.trl ord.r r r2srfi.i:l br ic l.oa. b'ndr L! r.n.r tr R'lu*lo rc th..isl thrirh's&6lkd soodruF ."oGon. dPlod"rdod ss(.. on( t B unlh?incd' will (rbt, wihour hw or nBht' o b' rbnGnn6s h' rtvoru follow'ns Lltr (rrR ol mnnoihe'sm' doneof rh. Pr* No cnruria ' I'(('n rnd Sol'nism' h^' rr&rc v *r rn 'mon wh'ch rdrsro Ihs loqc ol rh. oppr6*d S@dtrill *un' s*'r r* *.-o' 'o' "Pt -*qi"c cn.qoro, noublt rh' crPl'ired' (iionlmr No orc' LhL impb.rble ma'h'n' ol

supr.m. poser, on which n htid th. t..o. o, .rnN ' con6l r.!@ne,.i thaposnn.orn.s :' n. .s lh. d.tir. ro. pow.. 8ut .d q!6l on l 'm s i h.pd rovsr tnd rrotim ;i ,l y b?;r.n b 'hi 5 forc. lor tlbv.nion in th. r'tur an unb.lid,bt. o!r, how(y.r, Ihr rna rlt Jrwn of f.minnm' rnd mod{n w.rldl And, $rh. srn. tif,.,vhrtpkyif,a c.iu'nlr b.fok, th. polirrn {sr ity of.rep on,l wnh 6Er n t cnnn !.nic oi lib.rakJ *onen, rnJ I 'hu o(mud.n co.sptrry' wom.n. hrs nkcn$.lom lnd crim.. Finllly, thc'. i3.lso tlc m.nivrne ol CRE TUIIS AND CrIATirssIs rh. vuuns on *nh hd ,no'h(, hd si.rd dL6_ dlry th";;h. boy in ,ld:chins h.rdr from rh. Tn. ddn. ro b. . mod'.r, .onsidd.d ali.n.!i.s i. ord.r io aced. to $. ordd ol.iBts tr -nrh.. bv th. $$nc. rnd s.p.tatioo eniibiiv. and .vc. Elctionary by th. pt.c.dins sd3'.ion ot inv.$.d i.minisb, hI obvioudt not b?coh.. {andard lor ot th. p,r;rn.l rundion. A s, will ncv.r h. rblc to ontlct {r pr.sc.t g.ncntion. But r. Mv. sdn in lh.Pd conhct *nh b.r moih.r-, rekblk'thh few y.ls .n incrclsiDB numb.r ol wond *no nor ihouh In wni.h ih. boy hay po$iblv rdnffr bv b.' o.ly con,idcr ti.ir n.Erniry ronpnibl. *hh rhen r.litionstio wiii th. opDosi!. kx-.xc.pt p'oL$ion.l li| or rfi.n Lminisr involr.m.nt (..r cohiru i norfi.r ll.Blt, rhroush. clild' or throu8h tiin improvem.ns in th. qMlir/of lit .rc.tso :r nkll arcm.lv d,8i.uit r hom;*xn,lirywhicfi 'sm s lhc orisin ofthir:,n inoe.r in lh. numb?ro{ day' ind jdds.d r iurp.ct bv ea.rv; .nd. "h cire cnr.h 3nd nu!*ry $h61,' morc .ctivc pl. nor., why .nd i. ihc nm? of qh.t dtrbioosIts ricip3rionof n3n in .hild sr. :nd don6lic llf., holic h...6r *ould sh. wtr ro mrL. this d?E.h.rc.) but also dnd n indnp.n$d. b tn.n di*ov.ry, svnm whnh ,iHt ro 1s b @nlom to: svmbolic .ot ol in. pknnud., bui ol illl mnpl.xiiy oath. Lr.mlin,Iorcis, b h.rlln tum, alloi dEs.6nrid' ral..xp.ftnc., *irh rllthlr thiseiPl.tity @6. ...o,1 dabr rh. *od,n moth4rtlrions-h.r 'o h3. it' .xprisd in joy ,nd p!in. Tiir dd.tcy mll. a mh.! noE vuln.rtbt. wirhia th. sYF funcdon by ftm.: in th. .etusd oI th? itenil bolk ord.i, mor. fngil. eh.n 3h. $fi.6 wrhin n l6bi:n .nd iingl. moin.R..n b. ko on. of th? nor. vitul.n' *h.n 5h. prokc h.6d{ ltun n lr mo$ viol. lotN tlk.n by rhc tsidtion or th. dE *cndyp. of rn. h.li.{ in 1 soo! rqd p*. sbal moi rs r:ne, th o( u'oPirt, tr Ih. bdkf 'n . onnif+ a symbolicounin.d,Sovc, *.ll t, on. .fi. poft.-.ll ot Ld.rr diviriz.tioos oI o{.rMl .nslnhins morh.i lme ol rn ,r.nlc, lull, 'orrl, which crnnd h.lp bu toubl. rD.n.it l.sal .nd {ith no irusra on, Do $pr.rdon, with no brek' nont ordsr Nithour, h@.ver, propoting r .lr.F luih no ced'ion. in dh.r poducins symbolBm h.r? ti.t H.g.l disti.n.livc b ii h ut @rdt, th.n tr b..omd did.nrr '.dmber viol.nc.! mobili4d th'oush slnh.d b.NeD Lm.l. neht {hmili.l dd r.li' 1,. $t. io dctus d poliiicll), It o!. b c.r.vmg out siols) rd mrl. Lx (civit rh. @un6invsm.d'h. n.e$'rv so.i.ti6 know w.ll ih. us.sand lbusd o{ n.l.l1{, t[k ph..i..r, unl6t on. ch3ll.dscipr.cir.lv $is ii nu* .lso b. F@gniz.d tut ts,l. .ight is d6ig_ th:t t' hyrhofd. n i:ic moih(. k R 'n 'hir.srv nard, f.. th. moDot, bt 1 bhn*. And ii thd. en nnd.'$nd th( wrrninse 's pr.di.6 I of 61i.hiry, thong orh.u. *.r. b b. y*ion o, ih. {omm! mov.m.n$ bv pundji"' *ould b. $Pone-.r1liu.d, soh.. d.n,.lvd in I-...n} *tndtous &ntnQ 11.r. tu no such $. appopriii. I.Bin*ion ro wnh iitl.Ior.hboBting lnded, .h. dc,,'dtdnr lttinB s wof,..."" bo th.i. ch.ck ln. violcne b whic!, olh.Ni*, ol soh. dvth'ar unrv-' I . ephrl 'V," losssr a' chi0rcn:ndncnrculd b.$biaiBut.*ifi.y pabt. oi doing ro? Thh it on. oa $. ibpod2nt {nd PrdmlqL:B:dil ol *omd .n' qu.iiionr .h.r d. n$ g...rton "cl Mi.h!ln. Einqud. r: iqr racna' d{ sq horoxrldi( rordu P.. @u.r.E, .sp.chlly *h.n dE m.n6.6 ot rnL D.w l^ul 44 no, ('t7i) _Did 'r !<a rrdus tlor gc.cntion alu* to .sk lhot? qu.erion\ r.iz.d by d L rd*'nc d. h knn. (P".i', Ed-*' d" s-il,,tn PP,,_7" ih. $hc lisc witn which th. domin.nr otd.. oriSi_ in a*; rruh<J | 9nnrq mrel an D r3.n6*m'kl kidsdo h r;d Dorlm$r r43 16r nulliPk fled wnh thi! 3in.tion. n !..ns ohvious-2nd Fs bitrdndlood 'h' rEi;wmotndhni ' 'h. ot rhi wl6 f.minisr sroupi !.om. morc l$t K lrr'l n EtrBlirh, Horh (n t7:b(l kmrn

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Wotun\Tin
Ii it btcrue,Iaad wi.h 6ochl norm., hcnrur. r.r.dr . qHin kroqlcds. :id oftdimd rh. hd ilelt rbGlt 1. oth.fln. rcprc$?d,noduF n:t, .ii..q an. ulonr.rc8 univr*: B.c,r* jt rh$ douhl6 ,. rci,l @nr.ct |J, dposins rh. uis.id, $. uncrnny? And b@!$ ir D:k6 . g,m., a !pa.. o{ Ianbs/ and pl.2rur., out o{ ih. d$act :nd fiunrning ord.. ol ioci.l !igm, dr woldr ot .v.ryd.y coDmunicliion?f l.ub.drrid!..Mrd,F. Bov.rv c'6r moi.'Tod:, hanr woD.n ih.Bin., ''FI.!h.n..t* noi," Thi3 id.n fic{ibb ,irfi rh. poimcy o! thc im.8in.ry i! nor orly.n id?ndfcr. iion,.n im,sinlrr pot nc/ {. i..isn, r b.li.l in th. n&rn.l r.nir n.intdn.d r all @rt, .r . Lr tm nomrtiv! vis ot rh. Gial. syobolicftLiionshi, $ould hrE ir, Thi! id.n ficrion rtb h.1* witn.$ to woo.n'! d6n. io li{r rhc w.isfir ot sh2t n stifr.i.lin rhc s.iilohh( trcm tldr should.B, to nourishour sci.ri.r *nh. mor. ddibl. indtcdi!@uiF, on.,bt.bnam.rhd lai lhu3 r,r nd.. ten an objcd ol circuhtion in th. coDDunitr: rh. dismls oI th. todr rfi. ddDr, sEi.r ioyi ,hrhA, h.t.ds ol tll. scond $x. hn und.6hndrbl!lron rnn ih.t vo6.ns sdr iry n6 h!.ly.nrr...d thc mdihun.cnrion oI bolh 5p.chlists lnd lh. m.dil' Tl. pirf.lb .., colntcd donB rh. w.yi hm*r, ,'. no. b b. ninihiz.d: for .ximpl., do6 on. oor .r a '.!d elcnd.$ b.linlirs ot ma'c wrir.6 wh6c [@ts, icv.nh.lc$, o{Gn s.ft 1r .nEd.k', lor.o!ntt6r Tnank b thc tmin& !zr'.odudio$ bt en.nl b.l, ilo., on. not kll nuo.our wrk rl'o& n.iv. whini's o. n.rl.el,c. roh.nlicism rcdd orb.F wik !.8 b..r Ej.ced .i n..hronn.i.r And do6 on.nor 6nd tn.Fnot mrnF t n,t.qnkrb.ins d6or.d b ph:nF3mic rn:(k .B.inq Ln8drg. znd 5ign rs rh. ulrimrk 3upponr ol ph:tto.Rti. p@.r, in nlmc oI r kDi'phonic corpordig 'h. whoi. ttuih crn only b. Iolnd in tll{ whi.I j3 y.q no ftftr [ow dubio$ rh. r6rlb oI ^nd .h.e rft.ir prcdudions by w.n, ttr srmrton D rb.rc-womn .E wrnin& end rh..n n h..vy vi{' qp.cetion: V,her will .lEy *rit dlit ii n.wl ! As|jn r rhRrc a.rr,u /ht;. r ffidKrly h. 'o b.kd rtr Frra orr rh! rin r.v F; hd ioi s *!n.n3 Nd.i4 ir F.d E .l

48,

rh.r rftnPt ro brordm ih.ir .udi.ne-d. lE r 5kl .f ari.nie..nnoi b. . h.$ F6ti.t and . rtr :i. c-,!.iv oi ,!i{, rod.y *. {j r.ri6ltitt d.-.? iul6lln.n., il nor .nn,.b .t l.d ro,l.E src,in brirsinslclild iib d. wond, w!.;doej r n d.rn. for moth.rbo.d or.,pond to? Thn ij d. ol iic a:wq&(ioNtor rlE rc* 3-T3r"rioq. qr.ron !- , ?..(.. .e sen.ra.irn fia! lor.clos.d. lb. w.nt !n osq.r b iiis 90.$ion, (.oinkt "i ,JdloBy i.-, 6 th.d@r op.. ro rh. rcturn o1,.li, gion, whor di@u6., kicd rd p'ov.d ov.r tnou5.nd! ol y.ii p.ovid.r rh. n.Gsry jnsr.di.nB for sritly'n3 inEuilh. rh. iugd,n& :nd th. 'h. hopd of oorhc6. lf Fftld! r6rm:iion-!h,r rh. d.sn ror. childir rh! d.sn.lor a F nend! inrhn $nrc,. slh6d$t tor pni ic rnd irmbolic doBin. ion+n b. only pa..i:llf ae.Pl.d, Uhit mod.rn sm.n h,v. to r.y ,b.ut rht.rp.'i.ic. should non.rfi.l.$ br Inkn.J b .n ndv.tr, prsn,ncy $.mi to b. dp.ri.,ed .i ri. radicalord.d oI rb. srliftins of rh. .rbjrcr::? r.doublins !p of lh. hody, r.pnr.rion lnd co.rnm.. ot rh. *lI 3ad .r rn olh.r, ot n.br. a.d conscior$.$, ot phydolory anrt sF.ch, Tnis llndzm.n t.l .h rll.ne. to jd.niiry is ihcn.c(ompmi.d br . Lnbly oi roi,liiy-nar.Enrnc cohpl.t n.s-: $n or i.drur.d. s, ci:lizcd, nnur:l psychost. TIE .rnval oI .h. chjtd, on rhc o!h.r l'rod, lcrds d. morll?rinro rh.labytjn$s oI dFd.ne rhlt, *nlout !h..hil.L shc mtld onl/ Erclt .ncounr.r: lovr lor rn oi[.i Nor ror h.6.ll, nor lor.n idotic.l b.iDs,:nd njtt tas ror:noihc.p*so.r'nhwhom,t'luj.{tov.o,5.x, ! pa$ion). B$ rh. iN, di$cuk, d.tishdul 'nd :ppknrichip in zn.nhrn.s, g.nrt.nds, forsd. tin8 on.*lt 1I. .b'l'ry o ruded in rhr D&h *nhour Drichisd and unhour:nnihitrdnp on.! .fi.dir., inr.ll.sal, 2nd prcL$ion.l p.;on,t, i9-such muld sem b b. rh. n.t.s b b. *o, rhou8h guihl6. marmity,It $.n bqon.s: c.q_ tion i rh. s@ns *ns. ot rlE r.rm,Ior lhG noOn (h. rth.r lllnd, it is in il'. $pk tion ros.d .{inc and, in padiculir, lit r..t cft.lio, rn4 rcn.r" d6n lor .firm{ion nd nanilBb h*tt, 'nE ip|n $q(" {rrcn sr,r!4 r bod lDhnrd r"n "cr.d:s.), s u!.d io aruihn Erhoin ;. hd. dd d,c-dy b r.ndi -abr.a ;n ,rc(;r; qu*'i.n/on firl" s deposdt rh.uoi./oi,h.rzr !.nd.n,{ .so {c 11in . ln&dudio), Irr.l '.

lN rHE NAME oF TrrE FATHER, THE SoN . . . AND THE \VOMANI i nr6. f.s d.mdB or $. m.nif.s4io.i by rh. n?w3.nc.!on oI etu. jn Elro d.donibr. thr, bc)ontlrhc r*iopotiriat hv.l eh.r n n 3rn.r.llyini.ribed imcrib.!nsl', (or lhc won'.n! bovenrnr-in is prj.ni *19., l.s .Bsr$'v. but mor. rntul-is rnu.kd w ,in rh. *ry ,an.$orl{ of $. ..ljgio!! d;ii of our p r n o l r p d l i n s b . i n $ b p @ 'd.,h .r - I,1 rp,.untariox \aninr],, knzt., mr., prftrht. .k.) in plr( or whn mnrruEr rh.. i" ll '/ ";-.h, o$.r qolds, rymboliadon-rh. dolbtr inicltl,
tion rid synhdic xcqu.n.. o( ln8urr., ar wdt,r is prc.ondilionr Dr sd6ftut6 (rhoushd rfi.cb. ctc.),Th..lchcnr oI th. cur.ntpractia of iemi. n;n thd wc h3v. j!$b.oushr ro fish ftm pre .ncly ro con oE sml . rpEsnta on qhicl, nrl6 np lor th.Idin.iai inp6.d on trohcn

A la..o. ior ulin1t nobili!.lor? Or. f.cror ID.gin:ry,upponi,. r?clncra!..r *Lr..l n,rcGrirm lruirrdl Or inuu0.ns (aod s u th6. rin6 in wni.h th. .ornDs..toms, .nd ettF our to. .o.r.hpo.ad.r-sll ior il'. @$ritotion ot. nuid:rd tc$bj.fiiriry? Th. qu.nion n:! b..n tos!'1.k o poe ii rtr..dy

"l l,'rr iiirg,--,r,r. ph,.*."."*"'n

".;.1 l \ * "h

ANoTHER GENIR TroN Is ANorHlR SpAcE

i6 in,poftanc. rlould nor b.

bt r|l.:n..iior.o,l! (Chri$i..ir, o! nshy hum+ j i,t vrrj.nr). lh. f.a thlt rlis n.w idmiog/ hr
tfnii.!.ohm rvind'akd by iB fr{orr";ih

c,lhd miknrdrl b.li.tr (ino .r wd., rhok bF li.L drnd.riths hrnl'nc,rrni*i.t $ould not ov.Ghrdoe Ediel nd.lty. Thn dco'o9 sen5 iR n?ro b. pra of rh. b'or&r.n !:cnid:ttur 'o {hich is anim:rins dliuE and rc.i our $hkh, in i$ Doen 1erinnth..o.sr.i'b oI th. si{jorynbalic .onkd, is m lc$ exposd to rnc &*s of vioI l.ne rnd rtuGfr, Ar tht l.v.l oir.dialirm. ni! 6ib. v.rt principlc $ciali.y*hi.L n cn; .nsrd. of Cdilin mrt.mpo.rry rhink.6 considir, .j ir *.ll knoen,rhrood*niiy is.hracr.rizij asrL. 6r{cpd.hinnumdhistoryi.*hicbhumjnbcin5 :ttm$ o liv. *nhour r.lision. In i$ pE;nr ton;. n norlmini3n in d. prc! b@dmron.? 'oi Ortr n, oDrh. onrFry:nd s ead-sa;d. f.mi .i.s hor., rh.. h.vins {aftd wirh ttr. i&. of dit acrcne,r.rinGm will b?1b1. br?et tc o{ nsbe ro li.i in Wom?.,Hs pawr. H( wriiin!. s rs ro chlnnd rhn d<mindlor di6.rm* ir.t ,,a cv.ryd.h.orof r[. t mrl. *hol., rid, nn. x o -tobrinsour tlF iJn8ulrrit'd .4h em'n, .nd bts yondrhir h.r muldplicr'6, ptunt trsuas6, h.r b.)ond th. ho'ircn, bqond bc/od i,id 'shr,

b.

phicb I imagin.?-ri. v.r) di.hoshy h.n^roRrn :s an opposirion btu .n $o nval diitiG n.r bG undeGlood rs b.lonsins to d.&prlr6_ \rt4 sn "idcntq, ' .vo !*!.1 idcnriry,,, han in a nd rh@.cricl rd ,cimritic sp& Nh.E r& v.ry no, tion ot i,ldtity ir ch,llds.d?:'l .n nor simd; i*. birduJiry which.vd s.stinc l Ery iypo.idial if ir din.4 sould onh i' h.r, b. d. 6dnnon tdard dr? .ohliiy of on. oI ln. r.x.5 md t6u. ., .tr cin3oIdif.m.a !?fi{| @is,fdot.tt,rh. d.h1$i6edon of ti. probLm,tjc oI d,,t6a. *hi.h $oddinpt,D 1fd phx., &.pp:er dc d.:mrnaiior ot rh. ,68hl lo rhc d..th bcrw rihl srcups rnd .hur b.N.m rlE.dd. A'a dft 's.. s<nilr on dart di4..d by Lr,j s!,,$ cr*$t& F,audL, ierT). tAu.l (rd,:

*? impsss o, lhc tres.r! idcolosicrt ieworln6t in.hc n.m. ol som. donciliaion-Gnntih n,sr, in whi.! Gnini.fr h:s prricip.ttd? lt $ons lli. it t.d hd !h. r.ri ol ihowins *h.t ir nrb s. d.r *! role ol wh3t n uru.llr crll.d rcn duciblc d.vm d..dly in .h. scirt.ontr:d-bu. ri.iic pr.ctn6 ' nu$ incr.aa no! onl/ ro counre. in ord.i th.t tll. t'ussl?, th. impLcablc Jif*cn.c. hibnc. $e no'4d .nd unilo.niiy ol in{o.frati.n rh. viol..@ !. oraiv.d in il[ v.ry plac. wb.r. it by prtsnldry D:s m.di4 dri. hlnL sy*.ms, oD...t s witi ih. mzximud inmniScnc., in olhd and, in pidiculr, nodcr. .omnuiiatons rcch mrds, in F@n,l ,trd kxual idcniry irself, so as nolosy, bur ilso ro denynify !h. iJ.niig of iE b n.k. it disinEg..r. in is v.rt nudeus. rysbolic boDd is.ll, td d.hy$iat th.r.{o.., rh. Ir n6a;lt iollows rhai llis i.volv.s rish nor d unilying of !r.surs. a5 a ut.6rl .or,r!'il only 1or wifl w nndst.nd Fd./ as 'prtson:l ool, on. which tdhlD.. aid .quliz6 Inoderto .quilibrium" bui alsotor socitl cquilibriumnstll, bring olr-rlong shi thc Jrgnl,r,i/ ol .rh p.r n.d.u9.r n nN i, olih.counrcrbri.cins or:swnh thr hultlp)iciryo1 son 3n,i,cvcndor., sEsiv.rnd nrdsous lorcs mas.din 5ocial.n' 'lons oms, ev{y p.6o* po$i61. id.n.i66tioi! $nh tion , ..ligjo!s, rd politi.trl groups.au! ls n iot ..s., $krhins iroB thr hnilr to $. {.6)-rh. dr unsuppon$j. rnuaion ol t nsion rnd el' rtati!4 ol Lislt.t slnbotn cs u.ll dt biatoeilt plosiv. ns! $.t th. !ii$in8 "c'tuitibrium"p(s,p,:rJr,ra, .coding 6 ihc vsri.tion in hi/h.r spa pos wlicfi l.adssom. ollhot ]ho:ntr.r Irom ii .i 6c si mbolic clprcni?i. An d in ordct to .mph2siz. to div.$ n o{ its .co.omn to dd.ch lh.n*lvcs rlE $hich dl will imm.di.'.ly fuc. al Ibm j! and 6 e.t .io.hd nerns ol r.lulating '.rpo,5l,l,,) rhc rIE s ol puftingtik dtridiryino play di fjrc n. . l ... .. r de,rh whicn r.. un.vdid.bl."gpinn sl.n.kt .n ilsiJ. !.d d ou6id., a ill a.d r oth.r, on. giolP.nd hr.d b in. quArion ot vo6cn, I *e disins, u'd.r lhir l.v.l ot ineliorir,_ r.06.., rr. oninord. llc cov.r of 1 Ebtir. indialet !c. tNard rh. nili rion *ith ns so.iil !s *ll !i individ!.I $'1.s, ^r bn.. of th? fr6. .nd *cond s.n.r,iioni :n .sisd. wnri I hry. c.ll.d "r6ih.tic Dr.c.ics ,a trn_ .I rftat &od $xnn (621. ar ftll * l:ml.) and, dotrbi.dlynorhin8oil.i thi. lh. modd. t9ly to g.duall, {.od any hidd of inlhrcpomorph;sn, dr dn:l qu*tior of borrliry. Ai l.ai rhis is how Th. tld ttn thir frigh! ,tu,.Lly h.sm. 3noih.r onrcious ot .*e misl,r unda$nd tomolspnidtlkm tudiogi brckonso.irlprcb' 'n.rhi6whi.h, .h. {r.. dtri its ord.. n i.ri6.iil !mr, or .!s r io.m oi r.p..*idn " ..rdy 6 Nppon th. borden tor c&h oI ib idb.r.nri ltrcrc{ort dts .ll d.nE qups,sh.trld nor hide ihe Fdicalnds of .hrins rhm gnilry whil? imd.li:(ly dording in. Doe$lThn po.es .o.ld bc n,mmlrired r $.m fi. po$ibility lor iorEard., Ior rrious P6' ol th. loffi.|ks spo'dtton.f1]i. inaio,iutio ^ iiu.tionq tor r liG mad. up oI borh .hdlcrycs .nd inroducrion of ib tuciotynbolie .onta.t, 1t ^ oning .dg. into rht v.ry inr..ior of ev..y id.ltiq Spinozr! qu.*ion c.n b. ok.n up lg.in hcrc: or elEi'.r subi.ctiv.,*xo1l, id.olosrcal, so loith. A.. eo6d !trbj.ct to.thi6: lf nor rc rhr ?thi.r Thk i. rud r wry ihrt lh. i:bitual ind i.c4,s dr6.cd by drsic.l plilo$phy-i', rcldo$hip to vic' ingly cxplicn .nmpi b f3bn.& , rcip.so tin .. tourd..s .t 1 $ci.iy or I count .&i&y I wlich thc lpr .nd down: ol ,.oini( s.ncBnon5 n:y b. r.pbc.d by d,r rnxl/r! oI'h po(niirlni6 I s.rn d:ns.rcGly Prcoriour-ar p.rtniFd.g in th. r3pid dGnwdins rh.t of !rn'la.dro"Fwlnh.hrJdtrirc.j.hi'1.^ I r.ady rtv,rious l.vds (rom w:* tiry, ach subid,6.h $x.I l our as. is.xpdnncins Vnr dinursc, if lor lhli of r r.ligion, would be ; ro drugsro rrti6.il in!.bidllion) .nd \rhich Po5c. rhe d.',d loi i n.w.thi6r Thc d!s!i to sPi_ abl. !o ruppon tli 3dv.nore sl,ich surfacs n noz:'i qu.srioi cd b..6rmativ..nlt Irh. con xnd , r..l F$ibiliry, ii.r 6oih ih. ichnveftd6 in lhc ot.onsid.ing f.6inisn ! but 1 ror.,, {R.pe*kn lt 4dsbmdr or vnd6rp,s) z' .tiiin' rldghl ol thrt rnihropohorphic id..tity which 3uLfi.d li.d i'. foElo$rc {,' /ozr*tu, or v?tr eii.nrly blnks rh. h.rizon ot rh. di5o6v. .nd rd /!irl mkd enid in . rrtid. G- rdhi.h. rci.ntiFcrdvlnEa ot our 5r.ci.r,

Sandra Gilbert M.

pho6 ,n.I ihag.s ledrd by th. wrirersih.ms&B_nnding no ned ..d no co'np.llingr.ason to !.fer to a.cud, tlcaL or lotreuh-ro a.uflr.r. , p.., e$.nt and pR.nprirc pan(n, in *hich o.ativ. pow.! .s an adiv. forc fi.s been ct.im.d crctu$v.tyr! m,r.. rc",ng p^nv. or subs.drcnr "o..n,i*.*, rorm or (drir.ry. & koirng rh.frobhm s hilroricrl and.Dpn,cat, cilb.ir gam{m.(onsrd.,rbk rduni,C. oirhowing rhrr rh.,e r no oscnr a p,,6n br,is rhr arcmp,! ro.onjrud , ihorynry BCdrinB oner ks In rh. wry oi crptrnrrion rh,n rh.y ntfc n rh. forn ot tu,*.up,,; drur. rmc m..rnqr nl c{r. n h.. b.cn I m,r hotdinsrh.p.n, in,htu,.ncal w i , n n s . 5 p . c D r y .x r r, m r h '! r .p r .r , s,i t,n s to n !r . Pl d j !u l r r ty i n tr e n ch ,.nin$r rheory(!... (or.xamDlc, Caoal rnd X,6r.,a, rhc exrenrro $hj.h r / r o 'd r c J ls S u m o r ) i .cd r 'tr ,u n ,a n d r n w ,,u n S,r o d w o r e n \w r i n n E.r .h tivdy linl. ue is mrde of fl. w ins i$tf. B o r hn r h i s . $ ) r n d i n h .i l u b r q u .d co /b o r u r i o hw n h C D b r i C i tb .n i r nrm,y ohmrf,.d ro crea"qslprcc ror womh wrn.,r ro b. h.rrd. wrlns rn I rh.n own krmr, on !h. princjpl. r\r( rhc motr jmporrnr n-,i"n p"., i-t. J cohcrere Md @nrinuiry rh. wrniis trf't To ur I dnrin*i." .a*n.a of u I \oam ( hontr/, rhd mn he no rh.o,rs dr inins .\ph n. ror/ rdcqu.cy un;t I Jr. d$.r'priv.ty ed.quJrc.From rhir vie, rh. t I.r b..n dfldrbed,dcn wh.n n hai b.cn r.aJ,

rchrt.unr,kc cod;;;

48t ,