Soil

Christchurch Chun Qin Zhang 1520374

1

Contents

03 - 01.Research liquefaction 04 - POST EARTHQUAKE IN CHRISTCHURCH 05 - LIQUEFACTION PROCESS 06 - EAST - WEST SECTION OF CHRISTCHURCH 07 - LAND DAMAGED BY LIQUEFACTION 08 - LIQUEFACTION HAZARDS 09 - GROUND/SOIL SURFACE ELEVATION CHANGE 10 - LIQUEFATION DAMAGE ON STRUCTURE 11 - WHAT CAN BE DONE TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF LIQUEFACTION 12 - 02.Formal Investigation liquid, force, material, reaction 13 - PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT - POLYSTYRENE AND ACIDTONE 14 - PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT - CONCEPT ONE 15 - PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT POLYSTRENE AND ACID TONE 2 16 - PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT - MICRO SCALE 1 17 - PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT - MICRO SCALE 2 18 - PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT - MICRO SCALE 3 19 - GRASSHOPPER DEFINITION 20 - GRASSHOPPER DECOMPOSITION PROCESS 21 - GRASSHOPPER DECOMPOSITION PROCESS ON SITE 22 - DIGITAL CONCEPT 1 23 - DIGITAL CONCEPT 2 24 - DIGITAL CONCEPT 3 25 - Developing a Grasshopper Definition 26 - GRASSHOPPER DECOMPOSITION LINKAGE PROCESS 27 - GRASSHOPPER DECOMPOSITION LINKAGE PROCESS ON SITE 28 - LINKAGE CONCEPT 1 29 - LINKAGE CONCEPT 2 30 - 03. Site & Programs transportation, accomondation, retails, offices 31 - CURRENT TRAVEL PATTERN 32 - TRAFFIC CONGESTION 33 - PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY LEVELS 34 - TRANSPORTATION PLAN FOR FUTURE CHRISTCHURCH 35 - EXISTING BUS ROUTE AND RAILWAY 36 - POTENTIAL GROWTH IN THE WIDER CHRISTCHURCH 37 - POPULAR ATTRACTIONS NEAR PROPOSED SITE 38 - POPULAR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS ALONG RAILWAYS 39 - PROGRAM PROPORATIONS 40 - SITE STRATEGY 41 - PROGRAM PROPOSAL ON SITE

42 - 04.Schematic Design massings, programs and circulations 43 - DESIGN INFLUENCE 44 - FORMAL PROCESS 45 - MAXIMUM SUNLIGHT 46 - 05.Plans & Details 47 - FINAL PROGRAM ON SITE 48 - PROGRAM IN SECTION 49 - PLANS - GROUND FLOOR AND FIRST FLOOR 50 - PLANS FLOOR 2 & 3 51 - JUNCTION DETAIL 52 - EXPLODED VIEW 53 - CORE - VISUAL CONNECTION 54 - OPEN SPACE ON GROUND LEVEL 55 - FINAL PERSPECTIVE

01.Research
liquefaction

POST EARTHQUAKE IN CHRISTCHURCH

One of the interesting aspects of the earthquakes impact on Christchurch has been the phenomenon of liquefaction, where soil and sand is compacted and water is forced to the surface. There have been many reports of sand volcanoes, water fountains and severe cracking of the ground all the result of soil liquefaction. 4

THE LIQUEFACTION PROCESS

settlement of ground

soil particle

before earthquake

during earthquake

after earthquake

When the ground shakes during an earthquake the soil particles are rearranged, its soil mass compacts and decreases in volumn. This decrease in volumn causes water to be ejected to the ground surface.

LIQUEFACTION

SOIL COMPACTION Liquefaction induced structural damage occurred in the southern CBD and in areas adjacent to rivers. Most of the structures in the CBD that failed due to liquefaction were the super structures. Approximately, 1000 residential houses in Kaiapoi and 5100 houses in Dallington, Richmond, Avondale and Bexley had foundation damage or foundation settlement. This was related to the common use of heavy concrete foundation slabs, which imposed additional load during the earthquake. The map of liquefaction overlaid with the swamp map from 1850 indicates the areas of liquefaction were either swamp, or wetland in 1850. This correlation is reinforced by the areas bore holes, which show a layer of peat in those locations which used to be swamps.
Air Water Water Water Air

Liquefaction occurs when soil loses strength and behaves as a liquid during an earthquake. Loose soil compacts (increasing in density and reducing in volume) when subjected to earthquake vibration. Christchurchs soil is highly susceptible to liquefaction because it is saturated, loose, well sorted silt and sand, or sandy gravels. Liquefaction is also associated with settlement, which causes further compaction and expulsion of liquefied soils through the topsoil. Peat soil beneath Christchurch did not liquefy or lose strength during the vibration, but it is likely that it consolidated, which caused ground settlement. Soil property varies in shape, size (in both mechanical and physical properties) and in the extent to which the void between soil particles are filled with water or air, which creates a multiphase of solid, air, and liquid. Soil can be classified as either cohesive or cohesiveless: sand and gravel are cohesiveless, in other words they resist shear forces only by friction. Clay and like soils are cohesive, they resist shear by both cohesion and friction.

Solids

Solids Solids

Solids

Partially Saturated Dry Partially saturated Saturated Saturated Dry Three phase Two Soil Three Phase Soil soil Two Phasephase soil 5

Russley Road

Waimain Road

Rolleston Avenue

Fitzgerald Avenue

Bexey Road

WATER TABLE FROM EAST - WEST OF CHRISTCHURCH

Russley Road
30 20

Waimain Road

Rolleston Avenue

Fitzgerald Avenue

Bexey Road

CBD
10

Ground Surface

Elevation (m)

Pegasus Bay

Sea Level
-10

Water-table

Top of Gravel

-20 -30

40m

-40 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Distance from Pegasus Bay (km)

Scale: 1:100,000 0 1 2 3 4km

ry likely for TLiquefaction usually occurs in high water table areas or sometimes near the river. The variation of Earthquake, or Liquefaction Liquefaction is determined on the epicenters of the earthquakes, the magnitudes, depths, shaking

EAST - WEST SECTION OF CHRISTCHURCH

duration and the geological condition. The section indicates the water table from the east to west in Christchurch. It is visible that the water table is higher west, particularly in the CBD area, which is where most of the liquefaction occurs during the Feburary 2011 earthquake. However towards the east on the Port hills the water table is much lower, which also means that liquefaction is unlikely to The information depicted in this map has been derived from numerous occur in the area. Nevertheless, when an earthquake hits the area, there is signs of landslides as well It may not be complete, correct or up to date. This map is licensed sources. by Landcare Research on an "as is" and "as available" basis and without as land rise due to the lateral forces from earthquakes.

Land damage from the 4 September 4th September 2010 earthquake Land damage from liquefaction during the2010 event at 7.1 Magnitude

Land damage from the 22 February 2011 event at 2011 earthquake Land damage from liquefaction during the 22nd February6.3 Magnitude

Scale: 1:100,000 0 1 2 3 4km

The information depicted in this map has been derived from numerous sources. It may not be complete, correct or up to date. This map is licensed by Landcare Research on an "as is" and "as available" basis and without any warranty of any kind, either express or implied.

Scale: 1:100,000 0 1 2 3 4km

Area of observed Liquefaction

from LINZ NZTopo Database. Crown Copyright Reserved. Limited 2012. e Commons Attribution No Derivative Works 3.0 NZ License.

Landcare Research shall not be liable on any legal basis (including without limitation negligence) and expressly excludes all liability for loss or damage howsoever sourced from LINZ NZTopo Database. Basemap data and whenever caused to a user of this map. Crown Copyright Reserved.

Area of observed Liquefaction

The information depicted in this map has been der sources. It may not be complete, correct or up to date. by Landcare Research on an "as is" and "as availab any warranty of any kind, either express or implied.

Landcare Research shall not be liable on any legal ba limitation negligence) and expressly excludes all liabili howsoever and whenever caused to a user of this map

Landcare Research NZ Limited 2012. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution PM Derivative Works 3.0 NZ License. Printed: 16:22:40 No Wed, 25 Jul 2012

Printed: 16:22:40 PM

N
a W

ir ar ak Brooklands im

er Riv i

Liquefaction Hazard
iver ariri R aimak W
1 SH

The map indicates areas of Liquefaction ground damage potential de ned for Christchurch.
Belfast

High Liquefaction Potential Areas in Christchurch rated High Liquefaction potential may be a ected by lateral spreading and signi cance ground subsidence that is likely to be greater than 300mm.
Parklands

Moderate Liquefaction Potential Areas in Christchurch rated High Liquefaction potential may be a ected by 100-300mm of ground subsidence. Low Liquefaction Potential Areas in Christchurch rated Low Liquefaction Potential may be a ected up to 100mm of ground subsidence.

Airport

Papanui

Wainoni

SH7 3

Riccarton

High Liquefaction potential may be expected Areas in Christchurch rated High Liquefaction potential may be expected are very likely to be a ected by Liquefaction, with the data that was provided at this stage it is di cult to determine the accurate information. Low Liquefaction potential may be expected Areas in Christchurch rated Low Liquefaction potential may be expected are very unlikely to be a ected by Liquefaction, with the data that was provided at this stage it is di cult to determine the accurate information. No Liquefaction not predicted Areas in Christchurch rated No Liquefaction not predicted are areas that unlikely for Liquefaction to occur

SH1

Linwood AvonHeathcote Estuary

SH1

Hornby

Legends High Liquefaction potential Moderate Liquefaction potential Low Liquefaction potential High Liquefaction potential may be expected Low Liquefaction potential may be expected No Liquefaction not predicted Major Roads Rivers Christchurch City Boundary Port Hills - No Liquefaction expected
Port Hills

Ferrymead

Scale: 1:100,000 0 2 4 6 8km

Ground/Soil Surface Elevation Change

Data was collected for post 22nd February 2011 Christchurch Earthquake to determine the ground surface change. Signi cant ground and soil surface elevation changes are identi ed, areas where there is a high risk of liquefaction the ground surface is settles as areas where liquefaction is unlikely to occur, its land rises due to lateral forces.

Scale: 1:500,000 0 5 10 15 20km

The information depicted in this map has been derived from numerous sources. It may not be complete, correct or up to date. This map is licensed by Landcare Research on an "as is" and "as available" basis and without any warranty of any kind, either express or implied. Landcare Research shall not be liable on any legal basis (including without limitation negligence) and expressly excludes all liability for loss or damage howsoever and whenever caused to a user of this map.

Basemap data sourced from LINZ NZTopo Database. Crown Copyright Reserved. Landcare Research NZ Limited 2012. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution No Derivative Works 3.0 NZ License.

Legend
Elevation Change (m) -1.0 --1.0 -- -0.5 -0.5 -- -0.4 -0.4 -- -0.3 -0.3 -- -0.2 -0.2 -- -0.1 -0.1 -- 0.1 0.1 -- 0.2 0.2 -- 0.3 0.3 -- 0.4 0.4 -- 0.5 0.5 -- 1 1.0 -- 1.5 1.5+

SINKING AND TILTING OF BUILDING

loose sand dense soil before earthquake

densi ed sand dense soil after earthquake

DAMAGE MAY OCCUR TO STRUCTURES IN AREAS THAT LIQUEFY

Loss of soil strength can cause large buildings and other structures to sink into the ground, tilt, topple over or partly collapse. Where there is differential subsidence, foundation of small buildings may crack and settle, causing deformation of the structure and cracking of walls. Buried structures such as large pipes, tanks and manholes can become buoyant and float to the ground surface. Pipes are likely to be damaged. Other buried services are often damaged at the transition from a liquefied soil into a non-liquefued soil. Deep foundations such as bridge piers can break where there area alternating layers of liquefied soils. Approaches to bridges and stopbanks are particularly vulnerable. Roads, railway tracks and other structures built on fill can be damaged

DAMAGE TO PIPES AND TANKS

pipe line

loose sand dense soil before earthquake

densi ed sand dense soil after earthquake

COLLAPSE OF ROAD OR RAIL EMBANKMENT

dense soil loose sand before earthquake dense soil densi ed sand
10

after earthquake

WHAT CAN BE DONE TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF LIQUEFACTION

There are three main ways to reduce the effects of liquefaction - by stabilising the ground, by specific foundation design or by strengthening structures to resist predicted ground movements. There are various methods available to stabilise a soil. These methods generally increase the density of the soil thereby increasing the resistance of the soilto liquefaction. Most of the methods are expensive and would be uneconomic for residential structures. De-watering (drainage) and byttressing of lateral spread zones are the ground stabilisation techniques. Specific foundation designs reduce the likelihood of damage to the foundation and deformation of the structure. Stronger foundations, deep piles and piling to non-liquefiable soil layers are the more common methods used to reduce the effect of liquefaction on structures.

EXCAVATION AND REPLACEMENT: Uncompacted and unsuitable soil material is removed and replaced with a compacted structure fill. This method is resitricted to depths of about 4 to 6m. To achieve adequate compaction of the hill, the water table may need to be lowered temporarily

VIBRO-COMPACTION: A large vibrator is jetted into the ground at regular spacings across a site. The vibrations liquefy the soil, forming a more dense soil structure that is less likely to liquefy during earthquakes.

COMPACTION: Compaction of the soil is achieved by repeately dropping a heavy weight (about 15 to 35 tonnes) from a height of 15 to 25m at regular spacings across a site. Large vubrations are created by this method. Soils to a depth of about 2m can be compacted by a heavy roller. Dropping a heavy weight or using a heavy roller may be economic for resifential development.

STONE COLUMNS: A steel casing is driven into the ground using a vibrator. The casing is then filled with gravel and compacted while withdrawing the casing. The vibrations which are generated densify the soil and the stone columns also reinforce the soil mass.

11

02. Formal Investigation

liquid, force, material, reaction

12

PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT - POLYSTYRENE AND ACIDTONE

For the formal investigation, I took on the principal of liquefaction and applying its principal of distribution in a physical experiment with ploystyrene and acidtone. Images are resulted from a Macro-scale experiment and later will move into its micro-scale reaction and its behaviour.

13

Following the polystrene pattern to generate an idea of its reaction. Veronoi was used to generate the smiliar reaction.

PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT - CONCEPT ONE

Form

Veronois

Nodes

14

PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT POLYSTRENE AND ACID TONE 2

15

PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT - MICRO SCALE 1

Capturing the logic of decomposition of acidtone on polystyrene. -80% WATER -20& ACIDTONE

16

PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT - MICRO SCALE 2

Capturing the logic of decomposition of acidtone on polystyrene. -50% WATER -50& ACIDTONE

17

PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT - MICRO SCALE 3

Capturing the logic of decomposition of acidtone on polystyrene. -20% WATER -80& ACIDTONE

18

Developing a Grasshopper De nition

Developing a Grasshopper de nition to de ne the logic of my physical experiment. As shown in the physical experiment that when the acidtone molecules touches the micro scale air polystyrene balls it starts to decompose and linking to the nearest neighbour to create a stronger linkage. Each of the nodes in the grasshopper de nition is considered as each of the molecule from the acidtone, when the nodes are touched on the surface of the grid we can determine the area of decomposition. 19

acidtone molecules micro scale air polystyrene balls

Grasshopper decompositon process

20

Grasshopper decompositon process on site

21

DIGITAL CONCEPT 1
Using grasshopper to apply the same principal in my physical experiment to generate digital concepts 22

DIGITAL CONCEPT 2
Using grasshopper to apply the same principal in my physical experiment to generate digital concepts

23

DIGITAL CONCEPT 3
Using grasshopper to apply the same principal in my physical experiment to generate digital concepts

24

Developing a Grasshopper definition to define the logic of my physical experiment in a larger scale. As shown in the physical experiment that when the acidtone molecules touches the micro scale air polystyrene balls it starts to decompose and linking to the nearest neighbour to create a stronger linkage. Each of the nodes in the grasshopper definition is considered as each of the molecule from the acidtone, when the nodes are touched on the surface of the grid we can determine the area of decomposition.

25

acidtone molecules

micro scale air polystyrene balls

Grasshopper decompositon linkage process

26

Developing a Grasshopper Definition

Grasshopper decompositon process on site

27

LINKAGE CONCEPT 1

Concept 3

28

Concept 3 perspective

29

03. Site & Programs

transportation, accomondation, retail, office

30

Public transport

4%

5km plus

32%

Walking & cycling 24%

Less than 2km 3km - 5km Private vehicles 72% 28%

40%

Current travel patterns

Christchurch has developed as a lower density, radial city, with many communities having only 10 housholds per hectare. This type and form of land use development has signicant impacts on the transport system. A compact urban form should be developed in the future Christchurch rebuild. Dispersed land use patterns are typically linked with high levels of vehicle ownership/use or vehicle dependence, while compact land use is more commonly linked with lower levels of car ownership/use and higher levels of active transport and public transport patronage. Trips that are less than 2km by private vehicles are ideal for walking and journeys of 2-5km ideal for cycling. With journeys that are 5km more are ideal for public transport unless residents are in rural areas. At the moment public transport in Christchurch is only used 4% with the majority of the trips being used by private vehicles at 72%. In order to reduce traffic congestions, we need to develop a

The use of the private vehicles is the dominant travel option in Christchurch 72% of all trips in 2009. Walking and cycling make up 24% of all trips with public transport 3% of all trips.

Types of distance driven by the 72% private vehicle trips

Shopping & personal trips 32% Work trips 37%

2+ occupants

5%

Single occupant Social trips 31%

95%

Types of uses of the 72% private vehicle trips

Occupants in vechicle while driving to work of the 72% private vehicle trips

31

2011

2041

Traffic is no longer free-flowing, with increasing delays Traffic flow is nearly at capacity and conditions unstable-potential for large delays Traffic demand exceeds capacity, very large delays

Private vehicle trips are growing at one per cent a year and freight trips at twice this rate. If current trends continue, by 2041 there could be a 30 per cent growth in the volume of traffic compared with the current levels. This will put pressure on the same areas of the network and result in delays similar to or worse than those experienced after the February 2011 earthquake. As areas of the city are rebuilt and traffic is diverted, more congestion is expected. Reducing congestion can provide a range of bene ts, in particular savings in travel times and a reduction in vehicle operating costs. This will assist the economy to recover and function more effciently and help achieve economic growth and improved productivity.

Traffic congestion

32

PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY LEVELS

Christchurch is a large city located in the South Island of New Zealand. It has a population of about 300,000. This map shows the spatial variation in Public Transport Accessiblity Levels (PTAL) within the city of Christchurch, New Zealand. PTAL is a measure of the accessibility to the public transport network. The model uses bus stop locations, bus routes, bus timetables, bus reliability, walking speed, and a very detailed walking network model in order to calculate the PTAL score. PTAL values were calculated across the entire city based on a 100-by-100-meter grid. The public transport accessibility level within the CBD area is at excellent level this is because that the schedule is much more reliable, but the level gets poorer as it moves out into the outter suburbs.

Excellent Very Good Good Moderate Poor Very Poor Major Roads

33

How does it address the changes in how people live? Fewer cars How does it address how people move around the city e ortlessly?

Attractive and e cient public transport corridors to enable journey reliability on core routes and provide good connectivity with key destinations and other modes

Core Route: Provides for high patronage and high frequency services connecting key activity centres with local services. Connection Points: Located where there is the ability to safely and e ciently transfer between core and local services. Connection points are located to enable easy transition to other modes and provide quality infrastructure. Central City: provides for the highest pedestrian demand. Good pedestrian connections, following desire lines, to surrounding areas within a 20 min walk. Recreational route: O road or quiet routes of recreational value, linking key destinations and recreational areas. Centres: Provide good pedestrian access in areas of high pedestrian demand, especially in key activity centres and other commercial and retail centres. Good pedestrian connections, following desire lines to surrounding areas within a 10 min walk. Safe routes: Within 15 min walk to schools and other key destinations to achieve high level of safety and amenity.

A ordable public transport Cycling Parkings Seperate cycle lanes Rail-trains Ecofriendly pedestrains Attractive streetscapes for walking, improving safety and reducing con ict with all other modes

A transportation plan that allows Chrstchurch to scale to a million or 2 million people

Transportation, the most importatnt part for cities to function

How people move around cities drastically e ects design of buildings, where people live and uses of those building

Major Cycle Routes: High demand cycle routes providing direct connections to urban centres, where possible following desire lines from residential areas. Mainly separated from other modes. Local Cycle Routes: Provide local cycle connections to major cycle routes and within a 15 min ride to schools, and key destinations (community centres, parks, recreational routes). Local cycle routes often on quieter streets, with greater emphasis on speed management, signage, safety and improving cycle lane connectivity.

Plan the city by placing residents as the most important party, and the developers, investors, and business will follow

Attractive cycling network, improving safety, connectivity, visibility and reduing con ict with all other modes

Local Cycle Routes: Provide local cycle connections to major cycle routes and within a 15 min ride to schools, and key destinations (community centres, parks, recreational routes). Local cycle routes often on quieter streets, with greater emphasis on speed management, signage, safety and improving cycle lane connectivity.

Transportation plan for Future Christchurch

34

Existing Bus routes and Railway track

A suitable site for a transportation hub for future Christchurch is discovered on the boundary of the Central Business District. This is a suitable site beacuse it provides two possible transportation system, the Railway way which provides great opportunity for the development of Christchurch,as well as providing a good location for a bus interchange hub. The railway becomes the core transport system. It will also influence the growth of the city in the wider Christchurch distract.

Bus Route Railway track Railway station Suitable site for Transportation hub

35

There is a huge potential for the future development of Christchurch with the railways. A healthy city is determined on its transportation. Incorporating and developing the train system for future Christchurch will cater the needs for the growth of wider Christchurch in the future. Property damaged from the earthquakes had resulted in many households and businesses relocating to wider areas of Christchurch, particularlt the north-western and south western region. The railways will eventually become the key to urban sprawl in Christchurch.

PROTENTIAL GROWTH IN WIDER CHRISTCHURCH IN THE FUTURE

Protential Business Growth Area Protential Residential Growth Area Railway State highway Christchurch and Wider Region

36

Popular sites near proposal site

Most of the popular site in Christchurch are within 2km away from the proposed transportaion hub. This distance is very suitable for walking as well as cycling. At the hub there is bikes for travellers to hire and can be returned to any other proposed bike hubs around the city. There is also efficient City link buses that travels to and from the transportation hub for everyday use, especially during wet conditions when walking and cycling are not suitable.
Orana Wildlife Park Ko Tane

International Antarctic Centre Christchurch international Airport

Law Library of UOC

Christ College Christchurch Cathedral

Niwa
13km 8km 2.5km 2km 1km 500m

Air Force Museum

Ami Stadium

Addington School

Transportation hub proposal site Activities Entertainment Community buildings Airport

Gondalo

Shopping

37

POPULAR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS ALONG RAILWAYS

Two of the worlds popular Scenic Journeys starts from the heart of Christchurch. Transalpine is truly one of the worlds great scenic train trips through the dramatic contrast of dry beech forests and tussock land on one side of the Alps and lush green landscapes on the other. From Christchurch, cross the patchwork farmland of the Canterbury plains, follow the Waimakariri river, climbing into alpine scenery on a series of spectacular viaducts. Then, after stopping at Arthurs Pass, emerge from the long Otira Tunnel and descend through sub tropical rain forest past beautiful Lake Brunner and on to Greymouth. The Costal Pacific is a memorable journey between Christchurch and Picton stops at Blenheim and the renowned whale watching town of Kaikoura. Along 98 kilometres of ruggedly beautiful coastline youll get astonishingly close to the surging Pacific Ocean and steeply rising Kaikoura Ranges. Youll also travel through beautiful wine growing regions, across broad, braided rivers and the rich patchwork farming landscape of the Canterbury Plains. Both of the Scenic Journey starts or ends at the Christchurch Trainstation, it is known to be the most scenic train trip anywhere in the world which attracts average of tourists when they visit Christchurch. Therefore for my proposal, it will not just be a transportation hub, but also including Accomindations with Retails and offices to cater the needs of tourists. Other popular attractions along the railway are argriculture fields and braided rivers towards the south of Christchurch and Skiing fields such as Porters ski area locates along the Transalpine rail.

38

40%

Green spaces

10%

O ces Accomondations

50,000m2

10%

40%

Transportations and Retails

Total site area PROGRAM PROPORATIONS

Program proportions

39

Bus interchange

Site

Connecting site to CBD New Pedestrain ow

New bus highway connecting to CBD Existing Railway

SITE STRATEGY

40

TRANSPORTATION ACCOMONDATION RETAILS OFFICES PROGRAM PROPOSAL ON SITE

41

04.Schematic Design
massings, programs and circulations

42

SITE

TRANSPORTATION ACCOMONDATION RETAILS OFFICES

43

FORMAL PROCESS
44

N
MAXIMUM SUNLIGHT
45

05.Plans & Details

46

Access Level 1

A
Lift

TRAIN STATION

BIKE HUB HIRING BIKES OUT, USERS CAN USE BIKES TO CONNECT THE CITY

Lift

Lift

Access Level 1

Access Level 1

Male

Rest-Room Access Level 1

Female

Lift

Lift

Lift

TRANSPORTATION ACCOMONDATION RETAILS OFFICES

BUS INTERCHANGE HOLIDAY BUSES LINK BUSES

FINAL PROGRAM ON SITE

47

Retails Train station Plaza

Retails Bike hub Hagley Park

Section AA

o ces Buses Retails Plaza

Retails Train station

Accomondations Retails

Section BB

PROGRAM IN SECTION

48

Lift Retail Retail Retail

Lift

Access Level 1

Cafeteria

Access Level 2

Access Ground Level Ticket Gates Retail

Lift

Lift

Retail

Lift

Lift

Waiting Area

Lift

Lift

Access Level 2

Access Level 1
Access Ground Level Book shop

Access Ground Level

Access Level 1

Male

Access Ground Level

Male

Rest-Room Access Level 1

Female

Rest-Room
Female

Retail

Retail

Ticket o ce

Information Lift Retail Lift Lift

Lift

Lift

Lift

Ground Floor

Level 1

Train Station

PLANS - GROUND FLOOR AND FIRST FLOOR

49

Lift

Lift

Lift

Lift

Cafeteria

Access Level 1

Cafeteria

Reception
Access Level 1

Access Level 2

Access Level 2
Male

Male

Retail Rest-Room
Female

Rest-Room
Female

Lift

Lift

Lift
Retail

Lift

Lift

Lift

Level 2

PLANS FLOOR 2 & 3

50

D - 240 x 36mm Pipe

Ring Beam - 457 x 191mm

Pipe glued to cast

Steel plate

Custom cast to t cross pipe structure

Buble decks steel reinforcement D - 240 x 36mm Pipe Steel girder

Pipe glued to cast

Custom cast to t cross pipe structure

Ring Beam - 457 x 191mm

Steel plate

JUNCTION DETAIL

51

EXPLODED VIEW

52

CORE - VISUAL CONNECTION

53

OPEN SPACE ON GROUND LEVEL

54

55

56