CHAPTER 4: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

QUESTIONS: 2. Define information capacity. 9. Define frequency modulation (FM) and Phase Modulation (PM). A rectangular modulating signal in the Figure below modulates a high frequency sinusoidal carrier. Sketch and label the modulated signal if the modulator is: i) an FM modulator, ii) a PM modulator.
Vm(t)

+Vm

-Vm

Figure 10. Define modulation coefficient and carrier swing. 11. What are the four (4) most common methods of pulse modulation? And which listed method is the only form of pulse modulation that is used in a digital transmission system? Explain. 12. Define the given modulation types: i) BPSK, ii) QPSK, iii) 8-PSK, iv) 16-PSK, v) QAM. 13. Figure shows a simplified block diagram for a data communication modem. Explain what is a modem? Also explain briefly the function of:

i) serial interface circuit, ii) modulator circuit, iii) bandpass filter and equalizer. (Refer to the Simplified block diagram for a data communication modem) 14. Define what is a multiplexing and give three (3) types of multiplexing. 15. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is an example of binary system that used in digital transmission. State three (3) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of digital transmission. 16. Illustrate how an analog waveform signal can be coded into 3 bits code for transmission using PCM technique. 17. Draw a block diagram of a single channel PCM system. Briefly explain the function of each block in the transmission section. 18. State three (3) advantages of a digital communication system as compared to an analog system. 19. i) Show a block diagram for a Pulse Code Modulation system. Explain briefly the function of analog to digital converter (ADC) and Sample and Hold circuit. ii) There are three (3) main processes in PCM transmission: sampling, quantization and coding. Briefly explain the process of quantization. 20. i) State the Nyquist sampling rate. Sketch the frequency spectrum of the modulating signal if the Nyquists sampling rate is minimum. ii) Define foldover distortion. 21. Explain briefly the following modulation technique and sketch their respective waveform if the binary input is 10110. i) Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) ii) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) ii) Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

PROBLEMS: 7. Given an FM signal with an modulation coefficient mf = 2, modulating signal

Vm (t ) 5 cos8000 .t V

and

unmodulated

carrier Vc (t ) 8 cos1800 10 3 t V.

Determine: i) The frequency deviation (f) and the carrier swing (fcs), ii) The maximum and the minimum frequencies, iii) The number of sets of significant sidebands, iv) The power in the FM waveform appears across 10 loads. 8. Define the Frequency Modulation (FM). 9. State two (2) advantages of FM compared to AM. 10. Determine a frequency deviation and a modulation index for an FM modulator with deviation sensitivity kf = 4 kHz/V and its modulating signal of m (t ) 20 cos2 4000 t . What would be happened to the new frequency deviation if the amplitude of modulating signal were double? 11. A carrier signal c (t ) 10 cos2 90 10 6 t is modulated by a frequency-modulating signal of 6 kHz with a modulating index of 1.5. If the load resistance of the system is 10 with the aid of the Bessel Function table, determine: i) The number of sets of significant sidebands, ii) The carrier swing and the maximum frequency of the FM signal, iii) The bandwidth using both the Bessel Function table and Carsons Rule, iv) The frequency of all the significant sidebands. Sketch and label the frequency spectrum showing the actual amplitudes. 12. Define frequency modulation (FM) and Phase Modulation (PM). State two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of Angle Modulation compared to amplitude modulation signal. 13. A 500 kHz carrier signal with the power of FM signal appears across a 100 is 0.5W. The signal is modulated by an audio signal of 10 kHz and a frequency deviation of 20 kHz. Write the trigonometric equation for the instantaneous value of an FM signal. 14. For an FM modulator with modulating signal, v m (t ) 2 sin 2 5kt Volts , unmodulated carrier, vc (t ) 10 cos 2 400 kt Volts and modulation index, mf = 5: i) Determine the frequency deviation (f) and the carrier swing (fcs)

Calculate the maximum and minimum frequency Determine the number of sets of significant sidebands Draw and label the frequency spectrum showing the actual amplitudes Determine the both bandwidth by using Bessel Function Table and Carsons rule. Prove the total power in the modulated FM wave is equal to the power of the unmodulated carrier. (Assume a load resistance RL= 50)

ii) iii) iv) v) vi)

15. A PCM system transmits a 10 kHz audio signal with the sampling frequency used is 12% higher than the minimum sampling frequency of Nyquist Rate. The quantization used is 256 levels with quantization error allowable of 0.05V. Determine: a. the number of bits for every sample, b. the sampling frequency, c. the transmission bit rate, d. the resolution step, e. the peak to peak amplitude of the information signal. 16. A PCM transmitter system is transmitting a 4.4 kHz audio signal. The sampling frequency used is 5 % higher than the minimum sampling rate for the guard-band purposes and the number of bits is 9. Determine :i) the quantization level ii) the sampling frequency used iii) the transmission bit rate (bps) iv) the resolution of the signal if the maximum quantization error is 0.04V.