Name ___________________________________ Date _____________________________ Period _________ KNOWLEDGE IS POWER!

AP Biology Unit 3 Exam I pledge on my honor that I have not given or received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment/examination. Signature: ______________________________________________ Section I: Multiple Choice 1. Simple cuboidal epithelial cells line the ducts of certain human exocrine glands. Various materials are transported into or out of the cells by diffusion. (The formula for the surface area of a cube is 6 X S2, and the formula for the volume of a cube is S3, where S = the length of a side of the cube.) Which of the following cube-shaped cells would be most efficient in removing waste by diffusion?

2. Which of the following is best observed by using a compound light microscope? (A) A eukaryotic cell (B) A virus (C) A DNA sequence (D) The inner structure of a mitochondrion 3. An unknown cell is observed using a microscope. A cell wall, ribosomes, and DNA are identified. What can be concluded from these observations? (A) It can only be prokaryotic cell (B) It can only be a eukaryotic cell (C) It could be a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell (D) It can only be a plant cell 4. Structures found in the cells of both plants and animals are (A) cell walls and cell membranes (B) centrioles and lysosomes (C) chloroplasts and ribosomes (D) cell membranes and chromosomes 5. Which of the following is the primary role of the lysosome? (A) ATP synthesis (B) Intracellular digestion (C) Lipid transport (D) Carbohydrate storage

Use the diagram below to answer questions 6 - 9

6. Site of sugar synthesis ______ 7. Site of storage of water and nutrients _____ 8. Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell _____ 9. Site of modification and packaging of proteins _____ 10. The electron micrograph below shows an organelle in a eukaryotic cell. What is the area labeled X and what is the type of reaction occurring there?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

X Matrix Stroma Stroma Matrix

Reaction photolysis Krebs cycle Photolysis Krebs cycle

11. What route is used to export proteins from the cell? (A) Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane (B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus plasma membrane (C) Golgi apparatus lysosome rough endoplasmic reticulum (D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosome Golgi apparatus 12. ATP serves as a common energy source for organisms because (A) it stores the least energy of any energy source (B) its energy can be easily transferred to do cellular work (C) it is extremely stable and can be stored in the cell for long periods of time (D) traces of it have been found in fossils of ancient organisms dating back to the beginning of life 13. Which of the following best characterizes the following reaction: A + B + energy AB (A) Hydrolysis (B) Catabolism (C) Exergonic reaction (D) Endergonic reaction 14. What is produced by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and used in the Calvin Cycle? (A) Hydrogen and oxygen (B) ATP and NADPH (C) NADPH and oxygen (D) ATP and CO2 Directions: Use the choices below to answer questions 15 17. (A) Glycolysis (B) Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) (C) Calvin Cycle (D) Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis (E) Chemiosmosis 15. Process in which carbon from CO2 is incorporated into organic molecules _____ 16. Process found in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration _____ 17. Process in which glucose is split to form two pyruvate _____ 18. Which of the following statements about mitochondrial chemiosmosis is NOT true? (A) A proton gradient is established across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. (B) The potential energy released from the mitochondrial proton gradient is used to produce ATP. (C) Proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane play an important role in ATP synthesis. (D) Heat energy is required to establish the electron transport chain. 19. Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation? (A) Krebs cycle (B) Glycolysis (C) Electron transport chain (D) Production of a proton gradient

20. Which of the following directly produces the most ATP per mole of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration? (A) Glycolysis (B) Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis (C) Kreb's cycle (D) Alcoholic fermentation Use the information and data below to answer questions 21 22 An experiment to measure the rate of respiration in crickets and mice at 10C and 25C was performed using a respirometer, an apparatus that measures changes in gas volume. Respiration was measured in mL of O2 consumed per gram of organism over several five-minute trials, and the following data were obtained:

21. During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen gas is consumer at the same rate as carbon dioxide gas is produced. In order to provide accurate volumetric measuremnets of oxygen gas consumption, the experimental setup should include which of the following? (A) A substance that removes carbon dioxide gas (B) A plant to produce oxygen (C) A glucose reserve (D) A valve to release excess water 22. According to the data, the mice at 10C demonstrated greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than did the mice at 25C. This is most likely explained by which of the following statements? (A) The mice at 10C had a higher rate of ATP production than the mice at 25C. (B) The mice at 10C had a lower metabolic rate than the mice at 25C. (C) The mice at 25 C weighed less than the mice at 10C (D) The mice at 25 C were more active than the mice at 10C. 23. A biologist counted 2,500 cells from an embryo on a microscope slide and recorded the following data. Stage Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase Total Number of Cells 125 50 50 25 2,250 2,500

If these cells had been dividing randomly, it could be reasonably concluded that (A) the duration of anaphase is approximately one-half that of telophase (B) prophase is approximately three times as long as telophase (C) metaphase is the shortest stage of the cell cycle (D) interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle

Section II: Short Answer

24. The micrograph below shows an adult human stem cell.

The cell cycle can be divided into two parts: interphase and mitosis. (i) Identify, with a reason, whether the stem cell in the micrograph is in interphase or mitosis. (1 pt)

(ii)

List two processes that occur in cells during this part of the cell cycle but not during the other part (2 pts)

25. The cell cycle is regulated by internal and external controls. Describe an example of an internal and external control on the cell cycle. (4 points)

26. Communication occurs among the cells in a multicellular organism. Choose ONE of the following examples of cell-to-cell communication, and describe the method of communication and an example of the type of response that results from this communication. o Communication between two neighboring plant cells o Communication between a specific hormone-secreting endocrine cell and its target cell

Section III: Short Essay

(3 points max) (4 points max)

(5 points max)