#31 C The equation of the area of a circle is given by equation ( )( )

, to which we find the first derivative:

We need the radius of the circle, which can be found by through the circumference Substitution yields:

#32 D The limit as approaches exists where the left and right hand sides have agreeing limits. The only graph that does not display this is III, where the left hand limit is 4 and right hand limit is 2. #33 B a, c, and e are guaranteed by the Intermediate Value Theorem and d is guaranteed by the ( ), which is Mean Value Theorem. B relies on Rolles Theorem, which is valid only if ( ) false. #34 D Graphing the function via a calculator shows that ( ) has roots between ( ) at * +. Since the graph of ( ) changes signs at each of these -values, there are four relative extrema for ( ). +. The #35 A Setting ( ) , we find that the balloon changes altitudes at two times * graph also shows this interval as where ( ) is negative and therefore decreasing. The integral to show the change in altitude must therefore use these two values as its limits. The integral to find displacement utilizes the rate, which is already given as ( ). ( ) displays the acceleration instead here. #36 A Using the Average Value Theorem of as our limits. Integrate using the calculator, #37 A Newtons Law of Cooling is given by ( ) , we can evaluate using the values of , or tabular method. ( ), where with is the cooling factor and is the , with , with 0, and and

limiting temperature (room temperature). Substituting with

(

, it is determined that
)

. ( ) and come up with and to determine that . Substitute with and we find

Using separation of variables, we integrate

( )

, to which we can once again substitute ( ) . The final equation we need is ( ) .

#38 A The trapezoidal sum overapproximates when the function is concave up and a right hand Riemann sums underapproximates when the function is decreasing. The only graph with these properties is A. #39 B If we graph this region, we can see that the upper curve is and the lower curve is , with the limits of integration starting at and ending at . The distance between the upper curve and lower curve is given by . Since we are working with squares, this is ( ) . The integral is set up as: squared to form ( ) , ( ), which works out to approximately .

#40 B Method #1 Find the second derivative and set that equal to zero. Use the second derivative test to check to see if the point changes signs in the second derivative. Method #2 Graph ( ) and look for the maximum/minimum of the function. The extremes of the first derivative correlate to the inflection points of the original function. #41 C The value of ( ) refers to a function whose average value over the interval of -

, - is . Looking at the functions, the only function whose average area under the curve from , is equal to (meaning the total area is ) is C. #42 D We need to find two things, ( ) and ( ). Determining ( ) requires a substitution and is evaluated through ( ) ( )( ) . Determining ( ) requires us to use the chain rule: ( ) ( ) ( ). Finding ( ) yields ( ) ( )( ) . Putting together the slope of and point ( ), the only function that matches this configuration is D.

#43 B Since the first derivative is positive, the ( ) values must be increasing as increases, so C, D, and E are eliminated. If we look at the differences between the ( ) values, we see that the differences in B are decreases, meaning that ( ) increases but slows. Therefore, it is concave down, which makes B our solution. #44 E Since we are looking for the velocity, we need the integral of the acceleration. Since we need the velocity at and we are given ( ) , we can use the given as the initial condition to which we add the accumulation (the integral from to ). ( ) is decreasing, we , we get ( )

#45 D Fundamental Theorem of Calculus at work here. If we want to find when need for ( ), which is ( ) . Using FTC, * ( ) ( ). Setting ( ) { }, which is also .

+. Testing with the first derivative test,