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Animaldiversification Animal di ersification Todaysquestions: T d ti I. Whatareanimals? I Wh i l? II. Howdidbodyplanschangeasanimals diversified? di ifi d?

I.

Whatareanimals?
Epithelium

Diploblast

Triploblast

Feedingandmoving machines hi Mostrecent Most recent phylogeny

Ecto/endoderm

Mesoderm

II.Howdidbodyplanschangeasanimalsdiversified? A.Multicellularity andtissues Allanimalsaremulticellular Cellsbindtoeachother Cellscommunicate Divisionoflabor(somecellsfunctioninfeeding vs.structurevs.reproduction)

Multicellularity evolvedindependentlyinfungi, plants,andseverallineagesofalgae.Aretheprocesses abovesameordifferent? b diff ?


- Homoplasy due to independent evolution. - As such, there is likely to be variation between the traits. - Different traits to serve same function.

Originoftissues (integratedgroupsof cellsthatperforma particularfunction) Wheretomaporigin? Tissues

Ectoderm E t d

Endoderm

Mesoderm

B.Bodysymmetryandcephalization Classically: Radialsymmetryindiploblasts

Bilateralsymmetryintriploblasts

Bilateralsymmetryisassociatedwithcephalization: Bilateral symmetry is associated with cephalization: 1)centralizedneurons;2)ganglia(brain)+sensoryorgans +mouthinheadregion + mouth in head region

Posteriorregionspecializedfordigestion,reproduction, locomotionadaptivesignificance?

Reversiontoradialsymmetryinechinoderms Pentaradial P t di l symmetryinadults;larvaearebilaterally t i d lt l bil t ll symmetric

C.Evolutionofabodycavity(coelom)
Water being squished will force it into another area, forcing movement in that direction.

Functions: Hydrostaticskeletonimportantinmovement Space for internal organs bathed in fluid Spaceforinternalorgans,bathedinfluid Tubewithinatubebodydesign

D.Developmentalpatterns
Classically: y 1. Protostome development Spiralcleavage Mouth firstgastrulation Mouthfirst gastrulation Coelom frommesoderm blocks 2.Deuterostome development g Radialcleavage Mouthsecondgastrulation Coelom frompinchedoff mesoderm

E.Segmentation Repeatedstructuralunitsinabody:annelids (segmentedworms),arthropods,vertebrates

F.Growthpatterns Moltingvs. Molting vs. continuousgrowth

Metamorphosis M t h i

No competition between them since they use different resources.

Questions: 1. Areannelidsmore derivedthansponges? 2.Whichanimalsare basal?

No animals is really more derived than another.

3.Islossofthecoelom in mollusks,echinoderms,and chordateshomologous?


Homoplasic, ancestor of mollusk had coelom.

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