The Research process Steps include in research process : 1.

Formulate problem or question why our youth moving to use drugs fastly ? 2. Conceptualize and research design 3. Instruments for data collection 4. Selecting a sample 5. Writing research proposal 6. Collecting data 7. Processing data 8. Writing research report 1. Formulate a research problem or question Specify the Research Objectives Review the Environment or Context of the Problem Explore the Nature of the Problem Define the Variable Relationships The Consequences of Alternative Courses of Action 2. Research design Introduction Designing of the research is done mainly to solve the problem of getting the var ious stages of the research under control. This control factor is very important for the researcher during any of the research operation. Preparation of the des ign for the research forms a very critical stage in the process of carrying out some research work or a research project. Research Design in general terms can be referred to as the scheme of work to be done or performed by a researcher during the various stages of a research projec t. With the help of the research design, one can very easily handle and operate res earch work as research design acts as a working plan, which is made by a researc her even before he starts working on his research project. By this, researcher g ets a great help and guidance in achieving his aims and goals. Factors affecting research design Availability of scientific information Availability of sufficient data Time availability Proper exposure to the data source Availability of the money Manpower availability Controllable variables Un controllable variables 3. Research instruments An instrument in a research study is a device used to measure the concept of int erest in a research project. It is used to measure a concept of interest. An ideal measuring instrument is one which results in measures that are relevant , accurate, objective, sensitive and efficient. Measures which are Physical and physiological have higher chance of success in a ttaining these goals than measures that are psychological and behavioral. Instruments can be: o observation scales, o questionnaires or o interview schedules. Validity and reliability are two statistical properties used to evaluate the qua lity of research instruments

It is important that assessment techniques possess both validity and reliability

4. Collecting sampling Sampling can be probability sampling or non-probability sampling. 5. Writing research proposals The writing of a research proposal is an important aspect of research process. A research proposal is a detailed plan of the research to be conducted. A written research proposal follows a general format of a journal article with t he following nine general steps: 1. Problem 2. Definitions, assumptions, limitations or delimitations 3. Review of related literature 4. Hypothesis 5. Methods 6. Time schedule 7. Expected results 8. References 9. Appendix 6. Data collection Data collection should be systematic and meticulous. In view of the statistical analysis, levels of measurement should be defined as: nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio level data. Sources of data can be: documentary sources as primary and secondary sources, field sources as subjects in person, conditions, environment and events that are observable and measurable, and historical data. The methods of collecting data include surveys questioning using interview schedule and questionnaires, observation techniques with the help of structured or unstructured instruments, and measuring with standardized instruments. 7.Processing data The purpose of analyzing data in a study is to describe the data in meaningful t erms. Statistics help to answer important research questions and it is the answers to such questions that further our understanding of the field and provide for acade mic study. It is required the researcher to have an understanding of what tools are suitabl e for a particular research study. Depending on the kinds of variables identified (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) and the design of particular study, a number of statistical techniques is available to analyze data. There are two approaches to the statistical analysis of data : o descriptive approach and o inferential approach. Descriptive statistics convert data into picture of the information that is read ily understandable. The inferential approach helps to decide whether the outcome of the study is a r esult of factors planned within design of the study or determined by chance. The two approaches are often used sequentially. In that first, data are described with descriptive statistics, and then addition al statistical manipulations are done to make inferences about the likelihood th at the outcome was due to chance through inferential statistics.

8.Writing research report How to Write a Research Report For most studies, a proper research report includes the following sections, subm itted in the order listed, each section to start on a new page. Some journals re quest a summary to be placed at the end of the discussion. Some techniques artic les include an appendix with equations, formulas, calculations, etc. Some journa ls deviate from the format, such as by combining results and discussion, or comb ining everything but the title, abstract, and literature as is done in the journ al Science. Your reports will adhere to the standard format. Title page Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Literature Cited Examples