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(2011) 6/5

March / April - 2011

Volume 27

Number 3/4

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Rise of the Robo Scientists


By Ross D. King

Machines can devise a hypothesis, carry out experiments to


test it and assess resultswithout human intervention.

10

RESTART

What Comes Next

Scientists give their visions of what the future holds.

18

EARTH SCIENCE

Violent Origins of Continents


By Sarah Simpson

Did asteroid strikes during the earths youth spawn the earliest
fragments of todays landmasses?

28

MEDICINE

Halting the Worlds Most Lethal Parasite


By Mary Carmichael

Prospects for protecting children against malaria have brightened


because of a new vaccine in late-stage clinical trials.

38

INFORMATION SCIENCE

Long Live the Web


By Tim Berners-Lee

In an exclusive essay, the Webs inventor argues that protecting


the Web is critical not merely to the digital revolution but to our
continued prosperityand even our liberty.
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COSMOLOGY

Could Time End?


By George Musser

Recent work in physics suggests a


resolution to the paradox of time.
MEDICINE

56

Revolution Postponed
By Stephen S. Hall

The medical miracles of the Human


Genome Poject have yet to appear.
Biologists are divided.

66

ENVIRONMENT

Climate Heretic

By Michael D. Lemonick

special report: sustainaBility

Living On A New Earth

74 Boundaries for a Healthy Planet


By Jonathan Foley

Scientists have begun to quantify red-alert


levels for environmental problems.

79 Solutions to Environmental Threats

Experts spell out the actions that should be


most effective.

84 Breaking the Growth Habit


By Bill McKibben

An exclusive excerpt from a provocative


book says economic growth must stop.

90 Bill McKibben, Challenged


By Mark Fischetti

Is zero growth really necessary? McKibben


answers questions about his stance.

94 Ask the Experts


<
<

How do spawning fish find the very same stream where they were born?
Why do our eyelids get so heavy when we are tired?

ADVISORY BOARD

Adnan Shihab-Eldin
Chairman

Abdullatif A. Al-Bader
Deputy

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS:Mark Alpert,


Steven Ashley, Stuart F. Brown, W. Wayt Gibbs,
Marguerite Holloway, Christie Nicholson,
Michelle Press, John Rennie, Michael Shermer,
Sarah Simpson
ASSOCIATE EDITORS, ONLINE:David Biello,
Larry Greenemeier
news Reporter, ONLINE:John Matson
ART DIRECTOR, online:Ryan Reid
ART DIRECTOR:Edward Bell
ASSISTANT ART DIRECTOR:Jen Christiansen
PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR:Monica Bradley

Can we have a civil conversation about


global warming?

73

EDITOR IN CHIEF:Mariette DiChristina


MANAGING EDITOR:Ricki L. Rusting
CHIEF NEWS EDITOR:Philip M. Yam
SEnIor writeR:Gary Stix
EDITORS:Davide Castelvecchi,
Graham P. Collins, Mark Fischetti,
Steve Mirsky, Michael Moyer, George Musser,
Christine Soares, Kate Wong

Adnan Hamoui

Member - Editor In Chief

(2011) 6/5

COPY DIRECTOR:Maria-Christina Keller


Editorial Administrator:Avonelle Wing
SENIOR SECRETARY:Maya Harty
COPY and PRODUCTION, nature publishing
group:
Senior COPY editor, npg:Daniel C. Schlenoff
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managing pRODUCTION EDITOR, npg:
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Carl Cherebin
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Silvia De Santis
CUSTOM PUBLISHING MANAGER:
Madelyn Keyes-Milch
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VICE PRESIDENT, operations and
Administration:Frances Newburg
Vice president, finance and
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT:Michael Florek
BUSINESS MANAGER:Marie Maher

Letters to the Editor


Scientific American
75 Varick Street, 9th Floor,
New York, NY 10013-1917
or editors@SciAm.com

Letters may be edited for length and clarity. We


regret that we cannot answer each one. Post a
comment on any article instantly at

www.ScientificAmerican.com/
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