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INTRODUCTION Nowadays robot has been widely used in various fields like industries, academic, research and development, militaries and others. This chapter defines the robot, the project on intelligent spy robot. The project is to build an intelligent spy r obot that has capability to display the movement live on LCD, to detect if any obstacle on its path and stops there, to detect chunks of metal and is equipped with laser which is replica for a gun .

1.1 Robots Robots have increasingly being used in industries, especially in manufacturing and assembling in major industrialized countries. There are some advantages of using robot, they are: o Reduce labour cost. o Improved the work quality. o Elimination of dangerous or undesirable jobs. o Controlled and faster inventory. o Increase precision.

Robot that are capable to perform complicated motion and have external sensor such as vision, tactile or force sensing are required for a more complicated applications such as welding, painting, grinding and assembly. This is because these operations resulted in the increase of interaction between the robot and its surrounding. A robot by definition is a machine that looks like a human being and performs various complex acts, walking and talking of a human being. It is also defined as fictional machine whose lack of capacity for human emotions is often emphasized. By general convention a robot is a programmable machine that imitates the actions or appearance of an intelligent creature such as human.

From the Robot Institute of America, robot is defined: A robot is a programmable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, part, tools or specialized device through variable programmed motion for the performance of a variety of tasks.
British Robot Association (BRA) defines robot as: A programmable device with a minimum of four degrees of freedom designed to both manipulate and transport parts, tools or specialized manufacturing implements through variable programmed motion for the performance of the specific manufacturing task (Al Salameh, 2000)

Need of Robots Often, robots are used to do jobs that could be done by humans. However, there are many reasons why robots may be better than humans in per for mining certain tasks.

Speed Robots may be used because they are FASTER than people at carrying out tasks. This is because a robot is really a mechanism which is controlled by a computer - and we know that computers can do calculations and process data very quickly.

Hazardous Environment Robots may be used because they can work in places where a human would be in danger. For example, robots can be designed to withstand greater amounts of
` heat ` radiation, ` chemical fumes

than humans could.

Repetitive Tasks Sometimes robots are not really much faster than humans, but they are good at simply doing the same job over and over again. This is easy for a robot, because once the robot has been programmed to do a job once, the same program can be run many times to carry out the job many times. And the robot will not get bored as a human would.

Efficiency Efficiency is all about carrying out tasks without waste. This could mean
` not wasting time ` not wasting materials ` not wasting energy

Accuracy Accuracy is all about carrying out tasks very precisely. In a factory manufacturing items, each item has to be made identically. When items are being assembled, a robot can position parts within fractions of a milli metre.

Adaptability Adaptability is where a certain robot can be used to carry out more than one task. A simple example is a robot being used to weld car bodies. If a different car body is to be manufactured, the program which controls the robot can be changed. The robot will then carry out a different series of movements to weld the new car body

1.2 Purpose of the Project

Defense Surveillance Robot project has been designed for the spying purpose. There are many spy or surveillances camera widely used for home or organization security system .The design able to control via computer by using RF that have the wider range of transmit and receive data. With this device the human will able to control and see the wireless visual system via computer from other location In military, the wireless camera has been used as their first line force to survey the enemy location from their base. By using this robot, they can save their soldier live because before they move to enemy location they already know the enemy situation and percentage to they win in the war will be increase. The main objective behind making this robot is to provide little or small help to our police department and army. It can be used for SPYING purposes to get the confidential details of anybody from remote area without making our life in danger. The camera which would be installed can provide the live streaming of the places where a human cannot reach ( especially during natural calamities like earthquakes). To accomplish this task we have installed a robot with a camera which can help the purpose of spying. Along with the camera we have installed other devices metal detector, obstacle sensor and a laser ( used as replica for gun).

1.3 Objective There are four main objectives in this project.

The first objective of this project is the wireless visual system which is used to human monitor the robot vision via mobile. To build the wireless visual system, the wireless camera will be applied on the robot and the wireless camera will transmit the visual around the robot to the receiver on the LCD.

The second objective is to build the obstacle sensor that the robot capable to stop moving when ther e are obstacles detected. To build a robot with ability to detect obstacle, the obstacle sensor is needed. There are many type of obstacle avoider sensor. The regular obstacle avoider sensor used is Infra Red sensor (IR) because it is easy to use and cheap. The IR sensor operation is when there are object detected, the light on IR will shoot to the object and deflect the light to IR receiver so that the voltage from drop from deflection will be analyzed by the microcontroller to response.

The third objective is to build the metal detector that the robot is capable to detect chunks of metal on its path and a buzzer alarm is initiated which detects the presence of chunks of metal.

The last objective is to install a laser on the robot which can be used as a replica of gun to fire on the enemy whenever an enemy is seen on the LCD screen

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

The DEFENCE SURVIELLIANCE ROBOT is better understood by explaining the block diagram units in two separate sections Viz. 1. Robot end (Receiver) 2. Remote (Transmitter)

Encoder HT 640 They are capable of encoding 18 bits of information which consists of 10 address bits and 8 data bits. The programmable address/data is transmitted together with the header bits via an RF Transmitter. RF Transmitter 433 MHz RF transmitter is used having 4 pin. This transmits the RF signal by using ASK. The range is up to 100 meters with no line of sight. Microcontroller AT 89S52 The micro controller used here is 89S52 is a low power, high performance CMOS 8-bit micro controller with 8K bytes of programmable flash memory. The 89S52 is the family of Intel 8051. It is powerful micro controller which provides high flexibility and cost efficient solutions to many embedded controller application. This is like brain of the robot which operates the robot according to the user command. 40 pin Integrated Circuit and 8bit operation which receives the signals from 4 ports. Video RX It is receiver part of wireless camera which will be connected to the laptop or PC using tuner card and live streaming will be done

In the above block diagram we are used 89S52 microcontrollers which are a 40 Pin 8-bit, 32 I/O lines. This is the brain of the whole circuit. The robot system consists of RF receiver 433MHZ to receive the commands from the remote. Here the received data will be in RF signal where it is converted to digital data by RF receiver and input to HT648 decoder which decodes(demux) the digital data and input to microcontroller port1. And astable multivibrator, to generate 38 kHz square wave for the IR transmitter and monostable multivibrator to receive the signal from the TSOP to sense the obstacle on its way and IC ULN2803 driver with an electromagnetic relay to control the DC motor .The port 2 of microcontroller is used to control the direction(CLK/ANTCLK) and ON/OFF condition of two DC motor. Port 0 is used to receive signal from 555 monostable circuit which is triggered by TSOP 1738.a brief description of all the blocks explained below. Microcontroller AT 89S52 The micro controller used here is 89S52 is a low power, high performance CMOS 8-bit micro controller with 8K bytes of programmable flash memory. The 89S52 is the family of Intel 8051. It is powerful micro controller which provides high flexibility and cost efficient solutions to many embedded controller application. This is like brain of the robot which operates the robot according to the user command. 40 pin Integrated Circuit and 8bit operation which receives the signals from 4 ports. It is programmed so to operate by receiving signal from RF receiver circuit through port 1.0 to port 1.4, and from 555 monostable circuit which is triggered by TSOP 1738 IR sensor through port 0.0 to port 0.2.and drives the motor through ULN2803 using port 2.0 to port 2.3.

IR Sensors The sensor used is the TSOP1738. It only senses the signal of frequency 38 kHz. This sensor is used
to avoid the reception of signals from other sources. The 38 kHz signal is only used by TSOP1738 so, it can be horizontally mounted. It senses the reflected IR rays from 38 kHz IR source to detect any obstacle on its way . Triggering circuit 555 timer circuits are constructed in monostable mode, which in turn triggered by TSOP1738. This in turn produces the high frequency pulse which is input to microcontroller port 0.

RF Receiver 433 MHz RF receiver is used having 8 pin. This receives the RF signal transmitted and converts it
in to digital data signal. And these have a range of up to 100 meters with no line of sight.

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