Radio NW Planning

Optimising Next Generation Mobile Networks ICM Conference 9-10 March 2000
Jaakko Lhteenmki VTT Information Technology P.O. Box 1202, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland Tel: +358 9 4566547 Fax: +358 9 4567013 E-mail: + Jaakko.Lahteenmaki@vtt.fi
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
March 9, 2000
Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki
March 9, 2000
Radio network planning = Determination of - cell locations - cell antenna types and pointings - carrier frequencies and - system parameters with the objective of meeting the requirements for capacity and quality of service (QoS)
March 9, 2000
6X SD SSRU F WUD NHW W IR QV PR U PL VVL GH RQ
1H LQW Z UD HU GLR ID FH
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

1H Z P WH RGX FK QLT ODWLR XH Q
General Packet Radio Service

0X VOR OWLSO WV H W LP I XV R U R Q H HU H
Enhanced Data Modulation for GSM evolution
High-Speed CircuitSwitched Data
2000
2001
March 9, 2000 4
2002
Improved data transmission
Increased offered traffic
Packed-mode transmission
New traffic models
3-fold data-rate increase by 8-PSK modulation Higher received signal level required Decreased service area , or Higher power threshold in planning
March 9, 2000 5
Several radio interfaces are being harmonised and will included in global IMT-2000 standard by the ITU: CDMA direct spread CDMA multi carrier CDMA TDD TDMA TDMA & FDMA
March 9, 2000
Multi-rate services to be taken into account Frequency planning not needed Resource allocation carried out by controlling cell density and parameters Macro-diversity and soft handover Adaptive antennas Important effect of channel impulse response Multi-user detection (MUD)
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Start Link-level performance Offered traffic density Estimated cell capacity Focus of the presentation Required cell density Coverage planning Code planning Parameter planning Network simulation Result analysis yes
New iteration
no
OK?
Stop
March 9, 2000
The performance of the up-link and down-link connection is evaluated by simulation. Performance is characterised e.g. by SIR - BER (1 curve Simulations for different conditions - radio channel and interference conditions - receiver types - transmission rates and modes Usage of results - product development - receiver threshold values for subsequent planning steps (network simulation)
(1 Signal
to Interference Ratio - Bit Error Ratio

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TRANSMITTER data source base-band processing - coding - interleaving - spreading modulation RF parts
impulse response
amplitude
radio channel
delay
- de-spreading - de-interleaving - decoding compare base-band processing demodulation RECEIVER performance results: BER, FER, ...
+
RF parts
interfering signals
March 9, 2000
10
Channel model describes the effects experienced by the signal propagating from transmitter to receiver
-50 -100 -150 60 50
amplitude (dB)
) time (s
40 30 20 10 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
6000
delay (ns)
Simulated impulse response sequence (microcell conditions)

Simulated impulse response (open office environment)

March 9, 2000 11
Parameters: - WCDMA downlink - chip rate 3.84 Mchips/s - 10 samples per bit - channel model: 6 taps microcell (pedestrian) - spreading code: OVSF, length 128 - scrambling code: complex Gold - pulse shaping: RRC, roll-off 0.22 - simulation time: 8 s
March 9, 2000
12
Find base station locations in accordance with coverage and cell-size requirements Carried out by using coverage prediction tools Accurate coverage prediction calls for sophisticated propagation models Specific models for different environments Indoor and urban areas are most important, because of - high user density - concentration of high data-rate users Accurate indoor and urban area coverage prediction is needed
March 9, 2000 13
Received power is a combination of the direct path and dominant (first order) reflections and diffractions
Pref Pdif Pdir Pr [dBm] = 10 log10 10 10 + 10 10 + 10 10
Pdir = received power along direct path [dBm] Pref = received power along reflected paths [dBm]
Pdif
= received power along diffracted paths [dBm]
Pdir , Pref and Pdif calculated from expressions taking into account empirical values of wall transmission and reflection losses (see [2] for details)
March 9, 2000 14
Received Power vs. Measurement Point
-50 -55 -60 Power [dBm] -65 -70

2 3 4 5
-75 -80
1
-85 0 100 200 300 400 500 Point Number Calculated (Average 21 pts)
Measured (Average 21 pts) Statistics Mean Error: -2.17 RMS Error: 3.13
d:\anetra\antenni1\\t0107.dat
Measured and predicted results in office building. Pictures from the NPS/i tool (Nokia) user interface.
March 9, 2000
15
Office coverage predicted for two cases at 1800 MHz to find optimum antenna location.
Antenna at centre of wall

March 9, 2000
Antenna at corner
16
Full 3D ray-tracing Multiple reflections from building walls and terrain Penetration into buildings through walls Multiple diffraction around street corners and rooftops Diffraction around terrain undulations
Examples of direct, reflected and diffracted paths from transmitter to coverage area points RX1..RX3
March 9, 2000 17
Example of microcell coverage area predicted by MCT tool (Sonera Oyj)
BS
March 9, 2000
18
1) Predict coverage areas for all potential BS sites and antenna installation options taking into account the desired average cell-size 2) Find out the optimum combination of coverage areas giving the best area coverage with the specified number of BS sites.
Optimisation carried out by using Genetic Algorithms: - individual = one combination of BS sites and antenna installations - population = a group of individuals - iterative search for best individual - at each iteration new individuals derived from the population by using the GA- operations
March 9, 2000 19
Potential BS sites: 70 Pixels: 120000 Allowed BS sites: 27 Results - 99% of best possible coverage reached in < 100 iteration steps
More information: K. Lieska, E. Laitinen, J. Lhteenmki, Frequency Allocation with Genetic Algorithms, Proc. of the PIMRC99, Osaka, Sept. 12-15, 1999.
March 9, 2000 20
Coverage points (x1000)
Service area: city centre 3x4 km
Start Generate simulation environment Initialise network Move users Calculate SIR Execute handover algorithm Execute power control algorithm Stop/initiate connections
SIR = signal to interference ratio
Continue? yes
no
Stop
March 9, 2000
21
Generate simulation environment Retrieve Information from link-level
Execute handover algorithm
Carry out handover if necessary

Execute power control algorithm
simulation Number of subscribers per area Traffic, service and mobility profiles Required QoS for each service BS locations and parameters Predicted coverage information System parameters
Initialise network
Change transmit powers if required

Stop / initiate connections
According to statistical distributions:

- stop existing connections - initiate new connections
New iteration / stop
Locate BS-MS connections on map

Calculate SIR
If simulation time has not been

completed, start new simulation iteration
Use predicted coverage areas for

evaluation of up-link and down-link SIR
March 9, 2000 22
Blocking rate. The probability that a call can not be established when requested. Call dropping rate. The probability that a call is interrupted. Quality of Service (QoS). Includes different issues for different services. For example, in packet services the packet throughput and packet delay are most important. Power level statistics. The proportion of different power levels used at MS and BS. Handover rate.
March 9, 2000
23
Overview on planning aspects 3G systems has been
given with emphasis on link-level and network simulation as well as coverage prediction. Link-level simulation reveals basic performance of the system for different radio channel conditions and provides input formation for other planning steps. Coverage planning takes advantage of specific indoor and outdoor propagation models to meet high prediction accuracy requirements Network simulation predicts the performance of the network
March 9, 2000
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[1]
[2]
T. Ojanper, R. Prasad, Wideband CDMA for third generation mobile communications, Artech House, 1998. E. Damosso, L. Correia, Digital mobile radio towards future generation systems, European Commission, Directorate General XIII, Belgium, 1999.
March 9, 2000
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CDMA DECT EDGE ETSI FDD FDMA GPRS HSCSD ITU SIR TDD TDMA UMTS UTRA WCDMA
Code Division Multiple Access Digital European Cordless Telecommunications Enhanced data modulation for GSM Evolution European Telecommunications Standards Institute Frequency Division duplex Frequency Division Multiple Access General Packet Radio Service High-Speed Circuit Switched Data International Telecommunications Union Signal to Interference Ratio Time Division Duplex Time Division Multiple Access Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS Terrestiral Radio Access Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
March 9, 2000
26

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Optimising Next Generation Mobile Networks ICM Conference 9-10 March 2000

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

6X SD SSRU F WUD NHW W IR QV PR U PL VVL GH RQ

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

General Packet Radio Service

Enhanced Data Modulation for GSM evolution

High-Speed CircuitSwitched Data

Improved data transmission

Increased offered traffic

New traffic models

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

to Interference Ratio - Bit Error Ratio

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

40 30 20 10 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Simulated impulse response sequence (microcell conditions)

Simulated impulse response (open office environment)

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

Received Power vs. Measurement Point

-50 -55 -60 Power [dBm] -65 -70

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

Antenna at centre of wall

Example of microcell coverage area predicted by MCT tool (Sonera Oyj)

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

Coverage points (x1000)

Service area: city centre 3x4 km

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

Generate simulation environment Retrieve Information from link-level

Execute handover algorithm

Carry out handover if necessary

Change transmit powers if required

According to statistical distributions:

Locate BS-MS connections on map

If simulation time has not been

Use predicted coverage areas for

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

Overview on planning aspects 3G systems has been

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

Copyright: Jaakko Lhteenmki

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