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ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGY FROM SUBTITLE IN MY SISTERS KEEPER MOVIE A. Introduction In everyday conversation, there are ways to go about getting the things we want. When we are with a group of friends, we can say to them, "Go get me that plate!", or "Shut-up!" However, when we are surrounded by a group of adults at a formal function, in which our parents are attending, we must say, "Could you please pass me that plate, if you don't mind?" and "I'm sorry, I don't mean to interrupt, but I am not able to hear the speaker in the front of the room." I different social situations, we are obligated to adjust our use of words to fit the occasion. It would seem socially unacceptable if the phrases above were reversed and it usually called politeness. We can found this concept in pragmatics and sociolinguistics. The meaning of politeness is best expressed as the practical application of good manners or etiquette. It is a culturally defined phenomenon, and therefore what is considered polite in one culture can sometimes be quite rude or simply eccentric in another cultural context. According to George Yule book, politeness, in an interaction, can be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another persons face. Face means the public self-image of a person. It refers to that emotion and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to recognize. Showing awareness for another persons face when that other seems socially distant is often described in terms of respect or deference. According to Brown and Levinson, politeness strategies are developed in order to save the hearers' "face." Face refers to the respect that an individual has for him or herself, and maintaining that "self-esteem" in public or in private situations. B. Theoretical Background Many of theory about politeness but this analysis paper will be focused from Brown and Levinson Theory. Brown and Levinsons politeness theory was originally published in 1978. This theory is a direct extension of Goffmans analysis of face and face-work. It is, in effect, a more precise specification of face (what it is and what threatens it) and face-work (the specific mechanisms used for its accomplishment). First, Brown and Levinson argued that face is comprised of two basic and universal desires; negative face, or the desire for autonomy, and positive face, or the desire for connection with others. Positive and negative face correspond to Durkheims (1915) concept of positive (approach based) and negative (avoidance based) rites, and these two desires match up quite well with basic wants postulated by other scholars such as agency (negative face) and communion (positive face; Bakan,1966) and power (negative face)and intimacy (positive face; Me Adams, 1985). Like Goffman (1967), Brown and Levinson argue that face is subject to continued threat during the course of social interaction. Positive face is under continuing threat because contact and connection with others is crucial to our existence. Negative face is threatened when ones freedom to engage in various courses of action (including the most insignificant actions) is diminished. This is Typology of Face Threatening Acts: Type of Face Threat Negative face Request Offers Compliments
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It is an underlying pressure that affects in various ways the tone of our interactions with others. Unless one chooses to live in complete isolation (and hence avoid this conflict), one must engage in some degree of face- work or politeness. The Strategy to show Positive Politeness There are 15 of positive politeness in Brown and Levinson theory they are; Notice, attend to hearer (his interests, wants, needs, goods), Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with hearer), Intensify interest to hearer, Use in-group identity markers, seek agreement, Avoid disagreement, presuppose or raise or assert common ground, Joke, Assert or presuppose speakers knowledge of and concern for hearers wants, Offer & Promise, Be optimistic, Include both speaker and hearer in the activity, Give or ask for reasons, Assume or assert reciprocity, Give gifts to hearer (goods, sympathy, understanding corporation). In this paper of analysis, the writer only focuses to takes some positive politeness strategy which appropriate with the title. a. Use in-group identity markers This is one of strategy which used to show a positive politeness. This is accomplished by conveying the idea that the speaker and hearer are connected by virtue of having something in common (e.g., group membership, similarity of interest, values, and attitudes). Group membership may be emphasized by using various in-group markers such as familiar address term (Mac, mate, buddy, sister, pal, dear, honey, luv, babe, sweet heart, guys, brother, mom, Blondie). For example: 1. Come here, honey! 2. Lend me a couple of bucks, OK? b. Include both speaker and hearer in the activity Invite both of speaker and hearer to do an activity together. Example: 1. Lets have a cookie, then. 2. Give us a break. c. Give or ask for reasons Invite someone to join an activity together with give some reasons expression like why in opening conversation. Example: 1. Why dont we go to the seashore? d. Notice, attend to hearer (his interest, wants, needs, goods) The speaker gives attention to some conditions and express them use positive politeness. It can use to express interest with something or someones appearance. Example: 1. what a beautiful vase this is! Where did it come from? 2. What a beautiful you are! C. Focus of Analysis This paper wants to analyze about positive politeness and also the word meaning from subtitle in My Sisters Keeper movie which directed by Nick Casavetes, based on Jodi Picoult's novel of the same name, My Sister's Keeper was released in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the 2
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Brian (Jason Patric) or Anns father: Sweetheart, you are going to live a long time.
till I am vegetable.
Taylor:..well you are the patient and I am the patient we could go together.
Taylor:Why
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Kate?
Taylor:That is just so beautiful. Look how beautiful! Doesnt she look beautiful?