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What is the minimum number of bins required for a certain propagation model?
The more bins the more likely to come up with a good model. Usually a minimum of 2,000 bines is considered acceptable, but sometimes as low as 500 bins may be accepted.
What is the minimum and maximum SF in Downlink and uplink for FDD Mode?
Minimum of 4 and maximum of 512 chips in downlink Minimum of 4 and maximum of 256 chips in uplink
What is the usage of scrambling code in WCDMA for both downlink and uplink?
In the downlink scrambling codes are used to reduce the inter-basestation interference. In the uplink scrambling codes are used to separate the terminals
How many slots are there in a WCDMA Frame? How big is a frame in ms. how many chips are there in a slot?
WCDMA Frame is 15 slots wide. It is 10ms in length. There are 2560 chips in one slot. Chip rate is 3840 Kc/s Length of frame = 10 ms Number of chips in a frame = 3840 *10=38400 chips Number of chips in a slot = 38400/15= 2560 chips.
According to GSM recommendations, there is a delay equal to 3 time slots (=1.73 usec) in between uplink & downlink why ?
According to GSM recommendations, there is a delay equal to 3 time slots (=1.73 usec) in between uplink & downlink because of the following facts:-
If MS receives & transmit simultaneously, it will chew up the battery of the MS. The delay of 3 time slot is sufficient enough to detune itself from the downlink frequency & tune to the uplink frequency. The difference of 3 time slot in between receiving & transmission is used to process the normal burst that is just received i.e. the process of Adaptive Equalization. The difference of 3 time slot in between receiving & transmission is used to perform measurement, process & store result.
What is Paging Success Ratio? What is the typical PSR that you have seen in a UMTS network?
PSR Paging Responses to the Paging Attempts About 90%
What is Soft Handover Overhead? What is the typical value in UMTS network?
Soft Handover Overhead is calculated in two ways. 1) Average Active Set Size Total Traffic / Primary Traffic. 2) Secondary / Total Traffic Typical Values are like 1.7 (Avg Active Set Size) or 35% (Secondary / Total )
What will happen to the Soft Handover Overhead when you apply OCNS on the network? And Why?
With OCNS, the interference (load) increases. This leads to reduction in Ec/Io of a Pilot, which reduces the pilot spillovers. Reduction in Pilot Spillover will reduce the Soft Handover Overhead.
What will be the impact when you change reportingrange1a from 3 to 4 dB and timetotrigger1a 100 to 320 ms, without changing any other parameters?
Reduction in number of Event1a Delayed Event1a trigger Reduction in Average Active Set Size Delay in Event1a could increase DL interference, which could lead to a drop call or increase in Average Power Per User (reduction in cell capacity)
there any interface from UMTS core network to other mobile networks?
UMTS specifications do not have any special interface planned for other mobile networks, but all telephone networks can be connected to UMTS core network with standard S7 (or other) signalling system using E1s or T1s. Than enables voice calls to be made to all other telephone networks. If other networks support additional services like "call forwarding", "calling line identity", fax, slow-speed data ect, technically that is possible to implement this between networks. All telephone networks are designed to work with each other and UMTS networks will use standard interfaces towards all other networks. S7 and IP (internet protocol) will be the most commonly used interfaces standard, but all UMTS vendors can offer tens of different countryspecific interface protocols if required.
Suppose we are designing a CS network and a PS network, is there a major difference in the design consideration?
Server dominance is the key difference. In a CS network we shall limit the number of strong servers in any given area to no more than the active set size to avoid pilot pollution (in the downlink). In a PS network, however, there isnt soft handover in the downlink so the server dominance is very important meaning ideally there should be only one dominant server in a given area.
Suppose I have a maximum path-loss of 130dBm, what is the new path-loss if a 5dB body loss is added?
The new path loss wil be 125 dB
what are the major components in calculating maximum path loss, starting from NodeB?
FOR Downlink
NodeB CPICH transmit power. Jumper and feeder connector loss. Antenna gain. Over-the-air loss. Building / vehicle penetration loss.
Body loss.
What is the typical Call Setup Time for a 3G UE to 3G UE Call? What are the possible RF related causes for a delayed CST in this type of call?
6 to 9 seconds Multiple RRC Attempts (UE is on poor coverage need more than Access Attempt) Delayed Page Responses High Load on Paging and/or Access Channel Paging / Access Parameters
What is the differance between TMA and TMB used at cell site?
At first TMA is used to improve uplink gain at the cell site. On the other hand,TMB uses the booster amplifiers in the downlink path which equally increase the EIRP of the antenna & there-by complement the improved uplink resulting in a balanced coverage in a cell.
What is Double power transceiver (DPTRX) and in which BTS it can be used?
Double Power TRX and 2-way uplink diversity-Double Power TRX is a licensed capacity application software product. The license filemust be installed in the BSC prior to site activation.Double Power TRX (DPTRX) doubles the TRX output power by synchronisously combining the two transmitters of the Dual TRX. The Double Power TRX has a single TRX capacity. The solution can be supported with one Dual TRX module and two antennas/sector (TX/RX and RX): one TX antenna for the Double Power TRX in downlink direction, andtwo RX antennas for 2-way uplink diversity. Double Power TRX increases the BTS TX output power typically by 2.5 dB, and 2-way uplink diversity with MHA improves the uplink performance. Double Power TRX and 4-way uplink diversity-For even a bigger improvement in uplink and coverage, the Double Power TRX(DPTRX) can be implemented with 4-way uplink diversity. It requires two Sector modules per sector. This solution requires four antennas: one for transmit/receive and three for receive. The Double Power TRX with 4-way uplink diversity increases the coverage area by up to 40%, significantly reducing the number of sites needed.
Step4 eak to Average Ratio:d=20% Step5:Average DL BH Throughput/sub.:e=20kbps Step6 Step7 ector number per site:f=3 ubscribers supported in a site:g=c * f / (1+d)/e = 2140 subscribers
Air Interface For 3G LTE. Manage the different types of information that needs to be carried between the eNodeB and the User Equipment. The frame structures for LTE differ between the Time Division Duplex, TDD and the Frequency Division Duplex, FDD Two adjacent slots constitute a sub-frame of length 1 ms There are two types of LTE frame structure: o Type 1: used for the LTE FDD mode systems. o Type 2: used for the LTE TDD systems.
Number of eNodeB Urban Area (Trisector) total area =242.928 km,Radius(L)=5.07 km N(eNodeB)=242.928/5.07 N(eNodeB)=48
eNodeB Capacity Peak Bit Rate(Mbps)=bit per Hz x N subcarriers x N symbol per subframe in 1ms
Modulation QPSK 2.016 Mbps 5.04 Mbps 8.4 Mbps 16.8 Mbps 25.2 Mbps 33.6 Mbps 16 QAM 4.032 Mbps 10.08 Mbps 16.8 Mbps 33.6 Mbps 50.4 Mbps 67.2 Mbps 64 QAM 6.048 Mbps 15.12 Mbps 25.2 Mbps 50.4 Mbps 75.6 Mbps 100.8 Mbps
eNodeB Capacity Peak Bit Rate(Mbps)=bit per Hz x N subcarriers x N symbol per subframe in 1ms
Modulation QPSK 2.016 Mbps 5.04 Mbps 8.4 Mbps 16.8 Mbps 25.2 Mbps 33.6 Mbps 16 QAM 4.032 Mbps 10.08 Mbps 16.8 Mbps 33.6 Mbps 50.4 Mbps 67.2 Mbps 64 QAM 6.048 Mbps 15.12 Mbps 25.2 Mbps 50.4 Mbps 75.6 Mbps 100.8 Mbps
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Why always we need to establish ALCAP? Why we always send ALCAP EST REQ msg in every call flow and in between RNC-MSC & NODE-B--RNC?
ALCAP(Access link control application part) is use to establish transport layer (AAL2) signaling connection in the network side.So data can pass through this transpot layer signaling connection between two nodes.
What is the Chanelization code used for PCPICH (PILOT CHANNEL)? Answer: - C ch(256,0)
C ch(256,0) is the channelization code used for PCPICH (Pilot Channel).
Can we assign same scrambling codes to sister sectors (sectors on same site)?
No, because scrambling code on the downlink is used for cell identity. As a requirement, scrambling codes have to maintain a safe separation to avoid interference.
A CS-12.2k bearer needs 1 SF128 code. Total available codes for CS-12.2k = 128 2 (1 SF64) 2 (4 SF256) = 124. Consider soft-handover factor of 1.8 and loading factor of 50%: 124 / 1.8 *.05 = 34 uers/cell.