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Chapter 7 Test Review Cells are Busy Places!

Major Concepts and Key Ideas: Key Ideas: 1) Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and converts light energy into chemical energy. Plants and animals require energy to function. Plants exchange gases with the atmosphere. Plants use light energy, carbon dioxide and water to make sugars. Sugars produced during photosynthesis are used for maintenance and growth.

2) Cellular respiration provides the energy for cells to function. Key Ideas: Cellular respiration occurs in the cells of ALL living things. Cellular respiration converts glucose into ATP, the form of energy used by cells.

3) The sun provides the energy for almost all living systems on Earth. Key ideas:

Photosynthesis connects the sun to the energy needs of all organisms, including animals. Biosynthesis and breakdown reactions provide the energy and matter needed by organisms. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration explain where most organisms get the matter and energy they need to survive.

The following questions, IF you study them, should be of great assistance on the upcoming test!
1. Compare the reactants of the photosynthesis equation to the products of the equation for respiration. (Note: Use equations shown in E 337 Powering Cellular Activities). What do you notice? 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + light C6H12O6 + 6 O2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP 2. Compare the reactants of the respiration equation to the products of the Photosynthesis equation. What do you notice? 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + light C6H12O6 + 6 O2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP 3. How many molecules of carbon dioxide and how many molecules of water are needed for green plants to synthesize one molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen? 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + light C6H12O6 + 6 O2

4. In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? CHLOROPLAST How about respiration? MITOCHONDRIA 5. What are some reasons the process of photosynthesis is important to life on Earth? CONVERT LIGHT ENGERGY INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY, WHICH WE CAN USE PRODUCES OXYGEN & ABSORBS CARBON DIOXIDE 6. Describe how Light Dependent & Light Independent Reactions of photosynthesis are different in a plant. What products are produced in each? LIGHT DEPENDENT REQUIRES LIGHT PLANTS GIVE OFF O2 LIGHT INDEPENDENT (CALVIN CYCLE) DOES NOT REQUIRE LIGHT PRODUCE ATP 7. What pigment is crucial for absorbing light and thus allowing photosynthesis to occur? Where is this pigment found in a plant cell? CHLOROPHYLL IS FOUND IN THE CHLOROPLAST 8. Describe the basic steps of aerobic cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells and where this process occurs. MITOCHONDRIA (1) GLYCOLYSIS (2) KREBS CYCLE (3) ELECTRON TRANSPORT 9. Which process (aerobic or anaerobic) produces the most adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? AEROBIC (WITH OXYGEN) PRODUCES 36 ATP 10. Draw a four step food chain showing the type of energy at each step (start with the SUN!). Producers=Autotrophs =Plants (make their own food) Consumers=Heterotrophs (cant make their own food) Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, decomposers

12. Write the complete balanced chemical reaction for Photosynthesis below (See Explain 337 or your journal notes). Below that write the complete balanced chemical reaction for Cellular Respiration. Photosynthesis: 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + light C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

13. Which of the above reactions is a BIOSYNTHESIS reaction? Photosynthesis 14. Which of the above reactions is a DECOMPOSITION reaction? Respiration 15. Describe & draw the difference between biosynthesis & decomposition reactions. BIOSYNTHESIS IS THE PROCESS OF MAKING MOLECULES TO STORE ENERGY DECOMPOSITION IS THE BREAKING DOWN OF MOLECULES TO RELEASE ENERGY 16. Why does it take acres of grass to feed/support a single wildebeest (a large herbivore found in the African Plains) and a herd of (many) wildebeest to feed a single lion? Use Pictures, Arrows, and words to explain your answer. Make sure your answer addresses energy transfer at each trophic level. Need lots of producers to trap sunlight energy and change it into chemical energy of glucose. Those support herbivores (Wildebeest), but only 10% of original energy gets passed on Most energy used for growth, reproduction, body functions and lost as HEAT B/c the Wildebeest use a lot of the energy they take in, the Lion only gets 1% of the original energy that the plant had! 90% lost at EACH TROPHIC level!

17. Create a well- labeled diagram, ENDING with a chicken drumstick, showing where the CARBON in the chicken leg originally came from: (Where does the carbon start and how does it get into the drumstick?). In your answer address where CARBON is at in every step and HOW it got there (think biosynthesis, etc).

Ch 7: Test Review Notes Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide + water + (light energy) glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H20 + light C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosynthesis produces

- ATP - the Sun

Energy for photosynthesis and glucose originated Absorbs light during photosynthesis - chlorophyll

A plants pigment (chlorophyll) is contained - chloroplast Absorbs light energy to manufacture food - chloroplast Light Dependent Reaction - absorb light energy - use ATP - make ATP - use CO2 - split H2O - make glucose

Light/Dark Independent Reaction

Why would Bromthymol blue turn yellow? - CO2 What if it turned back to blue or clear? - photosynthesis Carbon in plants/trees comes from? Cellular Respiration - air (CO2)

Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + H2O + ATP

Stage(s) which produces the most amount of ATP? - Krebs cycle & electron transport Stage which produces the least amount of ATP? - glycolysis Aerobic produce - CO2 - H2O - ATP

Stores & releases energy in the cell - mitochondria Producers - convert light energy into sugar - breakdown reactions - energy in food - chemical energy

Cellular respiration & burning Kilocalorie measures

Type of energy used by ALL living things

Synthesis = putting together Biosynthesis sugar combining to from starch - takes energy to do this Decomposition - starch being broken down - releases energy to do this

Lactic Acid - due to anaerobic fermentation