Exhibit JAW-2

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PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC & GAS COMPANY ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL 230-kV CABLE SYSTEMS AS ALTERNATIVES TO PROPOSED OVERHEAD LINES FOR THE NORTH CENTRAL RELIABILITY PROJECT
REPORTMAY19,2011

Preparedby

PowerDeliveryConsultants,Inc. BallstonLakeNY
JayWilliams 5183841300

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PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC & GAS COMPANY ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL 230-kV CABLE SYSTEMS AS ALTERNATIVES TO PROPOSED OVERHEAD LINES FOR THE NORTH CENTRAL RELIABILITY PROJECT
REPORTMAY19,2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 2.0 3.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 2 ROUTECONDITIONS ........................................................................................................................... 2 CABLETYPEANDSIZE ......................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 CableType................................................................................................................................ 3
HPFF Cables........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Extruded-dielectric Cables...................................................................................................................................... 5 Self-contained Fluid-filled (SCFF) Cables ............................................................................................................. 6

4.0

5.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

3.2 Cable Type for North Central Reliability Project .................................................................... 7 3.3 Cable Size ................................................................................................................................ 8 INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................... 8 4.1 Trenching ................................................................................................................................. 8 4.2 Manholes................................................................................................................................ 10 4.3 Cable Sheath Bonding............................................................................................................ 10 4.4 Terminations .......................................................................................................................... 10 CABLE INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................... 10 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ................................................................................................. 11 OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS........................................................................................... 12 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................... 12 COSTS.............................................................................................................................................. 13

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PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC & GAS COMPANY ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL 230-kV CABLE SYSTEMS AS ALTERNATIVES TO PROPOSED OVERHEAD LINES FOR THE NORTH CENTRAL RELIABILITY PROJECT
REPORTMAY19,2011 1.0 INTRODUCTION PublicServiceElectric&GasCompany(PSE&G)isproposingtheupgradingofexisting138kV overheadlinesto230kV,whichinvolvesusingsomeexistingstructures,replacingotherexisting structures,andaddingnewstructuresasrequired.PSE&GrequestedPowerDelivery Consultants,Inc.(PDC)toevaluatethepotentialcableoptionsforthisproject.Thelength consideredforundergroundingwouldbeapproximately24.5miles. Theoverheadlineswillhavesteadystatepowertransfercapabilityof800MVAandacable systemwouldberequiredtomeetthiscapacity. PDCevaluatedthecablesystemtypesthatcouldbeconsideredforthisapplication,determined thecablesizethatwouldberequiredtomatchtheratingsoftheoverheadlines,andprepared ananalysisoftheplanning,construction,operation,andmaintenancerequirementsforthea 230kVundergroundcablesystem. 2.0 ROUTECONDITIONS Thecablewouldfollowtheexistingoverheadlinerightofwayforthefulllength.Asummaryof theroutecharacteristicstakenfromtheNCRPSitingStudyReport,alongwithcommentson installationimplications,isgivenbelow. Portionsoftheroutehavehighrockcontentandrockoutcroppings,makingexcavation veryslowandcostly,andperhapsrequiringblasting Therewouldbeapproximately115roadandrailroadcrossings,manyofwhichmay requirehorizontalaugerboringorothertrenchlessinstallationmethods Theroutehasapproximately40streamandrivercrossings,whichcanbeverytime consumingandcostlyforaburiedcablesystem.ThePassaicRivercrossingswould
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requirelargehorizontaldirectionaldrills,whichneedlargestagingareasoneithersideof theriver,andwhichareveryslowandcostly. 3.0 CABLETYPEANDSIZE

3.1 CableType Threetypesofcablecouldbeconsideredfor230kVsystems: Highpressurefluidfilled(HPFF)pipetypecable CrosslinkedPolyethyleneinsulatedextrudeddielectric(ED)cable(commonlycalledXLPE cable) SelfcontainedFluidfilled(SCFF)cable Threeothercabletypesexist,butarenotconsideredsuitableforthisapplication:Highpressure gasfilledcableandethylenepropylenerubber(EPR)cablesareonlyavailableforvoltages through138kV.Compressedgasinsulatedcables,alsocalledgasinsulatedlines(GIL)are availableat230kVandhighervoltages,butthesesystemsarelargeandexpensive,not amenabletoburial,andareusedalmostexclusivelyforabovegroundapplicationsonutility property. Descriptionsofthethreeviablecabletypesaregivenbelow. HPFF Cables HPFFcableshavebeenthedominanttransmissioncabletypeintheUnitedStatesfromthe 1940sthroughthestartofthiscentury.PSE&GhasmanyHPFFcablecircuitsinurbanareas.In thelastfiveyears,thenumberofmilesofextrudeddielectriccablesworldwidehasovertaken thatofHPFFcablesfornewinstallations,primarilybecauseofhigherpowertransferandthe simpleraccessories(splicesandterminations)andtheabsenceofdielectricliquidandthe associatedpressurizingplants.However,manymilesofpipetypecablesarestillbeinginstalled atvoltagesthrough345kV. HPFFcablesareinsulatedwithhelicallywrappedKraftpaperorlaminatedpaperpolypropylene (LPP)tapesimpregnatedwithhighviscositysyntheticdielectricliquid.Stainlesssteelskidwires arewoundhelicallyaroundthecabletoreducefrictionbetweenthecablesandthepipewall duringcableinstallation.Threephasesaredrawnsimultaneouslyintoamildsteelpipe,typically 8.625in.OD,whichhasahighqualitycorrosioncoatingandisprovidedwithcathodicprotection toreducethechanceofcorrosion.Thespacebetweencablesandpipeisfilledwithalow viscositysyntheticfluid(alkylbenzeneorpolybutene)whichispressurizedtoaminimumof200 psigtoimprovetheelectricstrengthofthecableinsulation.TheuseofLPPinsulationinplace ofKraftpaperallowsareducedinsulationwallandcablepipediameterandanimprovedpower
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transmissioncapacity.LPPisusedforallnew345kVHPFFcable,andformostnew230kVHPFF cable. AfluidpressurizingplantisrequiredatleastatoneendofaHPFFcablesystemtoacceptfluid expansionandcontractionwithtemperaturechanges.Theplantcontainsareservoirtankthat wouldbesizedatabout10,000gallonsforthepotentialNCRPcables,pluspressurizingpumps, reliefvalvestomaintainproperpressures,alarms,andcontrols.Theyaretypicallyhousedinan insulatedenclosureresemblingalargeoutdoorcooler.Dimensionsaretypicallyabout12ft wide,12fthigh,and2540ftlongdependinguponthesizeofthereservoirtank. Figure3.1comparesthesizesof345kVKraftpaperandLPPinsulatedHPFFsystemswithequal powertransmissionratings.Theleftpipeis10.75in.OD,andtherightpipeisthe8.625in.OD (thesizethatwouldbeusedfortheNorthCentralReliabilityProject).At230kV,theKraftpaper insulationthicknesswouldbeabout0.605inchesandtheLPPinsulationthicknesswouldbe about0.500inches.The230kvcablewouldbeinstalledinan8.625in.ODsteelpipe.

Figure3.1345kVKraftpaperandLPPHPFFcables(EPRIGreenBook) TheservicerecordofHPFFcablehasbeengood.Acommonmodefailuretypicallyinthesplice area,thermomechanicalbending(TMB),hascausedmanyoutageson230kvand345kV cables.Spliceswererebuiltwithadditionalmechanicalsupports,andmanymilesofcablewere replacedwithamoreTMBresistantcable,essentiallyeliminatingthisproblem.TMBproblems haveappearedinthecablelengthbetweensplicesforboth230kVand345kVcables.PSE&G hasundertakenamajorcablereplacementprojectbecauseofthesefailures.

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Afewutilitiesinmajormetropolitanareashadmanyfluidleaks(withthenumbergreatly reducedaftercarefulattentiontothecorrosionprotectionsystem).Mostleakshavebeendue todigin,damagetocorrosioncoatingwhenothersubsurfaceutilitieshavebeeninstalled,or burnthroughduetoacableelectricalfault. Extruded-dielectric Cables Extrudeddielectriccables,alsoknownassoliddielectriccables,usecrosslinkedpolyethylene (XLPE)insulationfor230kVoperation.(Ethylenepropylenerubber,EPR,isusedupto138kV.) TransmissionvoltageextrudeddielectriccableshavebeenusedextensivelyinNorthAmericaat voltages138kVandhighersincethemid1980s,andtheyhaveseenextensiveuseoverseas sincethe1970s.Thefirst230kVinstallationintheUnitedStateswasin1992,andCalifornia utilitieshaveinstalledhundredsofcircuitmilesof230kVXLPEcablesinthelastfiveyears. IndividualsinglephasecablesaretypicallyinstalledinPVCducts,inconcreteencasedductbanks forcitystreetinstallation.Althoughdirectburialmightbepermittedinruralinstallations,there areveryfewdirectlyburiedsystemsinthiscountry. Figure3.2showsatypicalXLPEinsulatedcable.TheXLPEinsulationthicknessisaboutoneinch for230kVoperation.Aleadoraluminumsheath,sometimeswithadditionalcopperor aluminumneutralwires,isusedtopreventmoistureingressandcarryfaultcurrents.

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Figure3.2XLPEinsulatedcable(courtesyofSilecCable).

XLPEinsulatedcablesaresignificantlylargerandheavierthanpipetypecables.Typicallength betweensplicesisshorter1800feetversus2500feet.XLPEinsulatedcablesdonothavethe longservicehistorythatHPFFcablesdo,butexperiencetodatehasbeengood.PSE&Ghas installedonlyshortsectionsofXLPEinsulatedcableinsubstationsandothercontrolledareas. Self-contained Fluid-filled (SCFF) Cables SCFFcableshaveseenextensiveserviceworldwideinEHVactransmissionsystems. TheconstructionofSCFFcablesissimilartothatofanHPFFcableinthatbothemployalaminar dielectric,whichcanbeeitherKraftpaperorLPPtapes,impregnatedwithadielectricfluidthat ismaintainedunderpressuretoimproveitselectricalstrength.Thereare,however,several importantdifferencesasfollows: Theconductorhasacentralducttoallowthedielectricfluidtoreachthetaped insulation.Duringtheexpansionsandcontractionswhichaccompanyloadvariations,the fluidflowsalongtheconductorducttoandfromspecialfluidreservoirsviafeedjointsat
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intermediatepointsalongtheline.Verylonglineshavelargepumpingplantsnearthe terminationsatoneorbothendsoftheline. Theinsulatedconductoriscontainedinametallicsheaththatcaneitherbecorrugated aluminiumorleadreinforcedwithmetaltapestoresisttheinternalfluidpressure.The factthatthissheathisanintegralpartofthecableconstructionratherthanaseparate pipeistheoriginofthetermselfcontained. Themetalsheathisprovidedwithahighgradeextrudedpolymericjacketasprotection againstcorrosion.Thisismostfrequentlyamediumorhighdensitypolyethylenewitha 2%additionofcarbonblackasaprotectionagainstUVdeterioration.

Figure3.3showsatypicalSCFFcable.

Figure3.3SCFFcablewithcorrugatedaluminiumsheath SCFFcablesareusedextensivelyforsubmarinecableslaidonthewaterbottomortrenchedin tothewaterbottom.Usefornewlandinstallationsisuncommon;applicationsthatwere historicallyinstalledusingSCFFcablesnowuseXLPEinsulatedcables.Wethereforedidnot evaluateSCFFcablesfortheNorthCentralReliabilityProject. 3.2 Cable Type for North Central Reliability Project

AdetailedanalysisoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofHPFFcableversusXLPEinsulated cables,includingrelativecosts,shouldbeperformedifthecableoptionwerepursuedfurther.
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However,basedupongeneralcharacteristicsandcableavailability,webelievethatanXLPE insulatedcablewouldbethepreferredoptionprimarilybecauseitselectricalcharacteristics arebetterforsystemoperation,itspowerratingishigher,anditsmaintenancerequirements arelower.TherearetwosuppliersofthiscableintheUnitedStates,andanotherdozen suppliersoverseas. 3.3 Cable Size

PSE&Grequiresan800MVAsteadystatepowertransferonthecablesystem. PDCperformedampacitycalculationstosizethecableforassumedinstallationconditions.We determinedthata2500kcmil,copperconductor,XLPEinsulatedcableshouldbeadequate,with twocablesperphaserequiredtoprovidethe800MVAtransfer.2500kcmilisacommon conductorsizeforthesecables.Fortheonemonthorlongeritwouldtaketorepairacable failure,theremainingcircuitwouldbeabletocarryabout565MVA.Thisislargerthanhalfof 800MVAsincetheoutofservicecablewouldnotbegeneratingheatthatwouldderatethein servicecable. Thephysicalsizeofeachcablewouldbeabout4.5inchesoutsidediameter.Theweightwould beabout20poundsperfoot,forasinglecable. Iftheundergroundlineweretoproceedtodetailedanalysis,accurateratingstudiesmay determinethatalargerconductorsizeisrequirede.g.forinstallationsthroughswampyareas, todipunderexistingservicesatstreetcrossings,indeephorizontaldirectionaldrills,etc.

4.0

INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS

4.1 Trenching Figure41showsacrosssectionalviewforatypicaltrenchforthesecables.Thefigureshowsa concreteencasedductbankwhichisthepreferredmethodforinstallinghighvoltageXLPE insulatedcables.Directburial,whichisslightlylessexpensive,mightbefeasibleonarightof way,butdirectburialhassignificantdisadvantages: Ifthecablehasanelectricalfailure,theexactfailuremustbelocated,excavation performed,andrepairsmadeatthatlocation(forcableinaductandmanholesystem,a failureislocatedwithinthe15002000footsectionbetweenmanholes,andtheentire sectionisreplaced) Ifthecableeverhastobereplaced,becauseofadesignproblemwiththecable,needto reconductortoincreasepowertransfer,etc.,theentirelengthofthecircuitmustbere
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excavated.Foraductandmanholesystem,thecableisreplacedfrommanholeto manholewithnoneedforexcavation.

Figure41.Typicaltrenchcrosssectionfor230kVXLPEinsulatedcable Everyfootofthetransmissioncableroutewouldhavetobetrenched,ormorecomplex trenchlessmethodssuchashorizontaldirectionaldrillingwouldbeused.Atemporary constructionroadwouldberequiredalongthelengthofthecableroute;thiswouldneedtobea substantialroadbecauseitwouldneedtocarryheavyloadssuchaslargeexcavationequipment, concretetrucks,tractortrailerswith80,000lbmanholesand50,000lbcablereels,etc. Thecablelineswouldcrossseveralcreeks,highways,andrailroads,whereatrenched installationmaynotbepermitted.Trenchlessinstallation,suchashorizontalaugerboring, wouldberequired.Horizontaldirectionaldrillingwouldberequiredforthecrossingsofthe PassaicRiver.Allofthesetrenchlessmethodsaretimeconsumingandexpensive,andtheycarry ahighrisk. Theroutehasextensivewetlands,whichcreatesubstantialproblemsforanundergroundcable sinceitisgenerallynotpermittedortechnicallyfeasibletobringheavyequipmentthroughthe wetlandstoinstallthecable.Horizontaldirectionaldrillingcanbridgesomewetlands,butthe maximumfeasiblelengthisabout3,000feet.Longerlengthsthroughwetlandswouldprobably requirereroutingthecables.
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Substantialportionsofthepotentialcableroutehavehighrockcontentandsteepelevation changes,whichmaketrenchingandcableinstallationdifficultandverycostly. 4.2 Manholes Cablesplicesareplacedinmanholes,toprovideaworkingspacefortheweekorsoittakesto splicecablesectionstogether,andtoallowaccessformaintenance.Amanholefora230kV XLPEcablewouldbeapproximately28feetlong,8feetwide,and7feethighandwouldweigh about100,000pounds(theyaresuppliedtothejobsiteintwosections).Onlyoneofthetwo linesispermittedpermanhole,toallowworkerstosafelyrepairanoutofservicelinewhilethe otheroneremainsenergized.Therefore,a25milelinewouldrequireapproximately130of theselargeconcretestructures. 4.3 Cable Sheath Bonding

Thecurrentsflowinginthecableconductorcaninducehighvoltagesinthecablesheath. Althoughthecablejacketshouldprotectthepublicfromthesevoltages,utilitiesnormallylimit thevoltagestoafewhundredvoltstoprovideprotectiontoutilityworkers.Anelaborate schemetoconnectthecablesheathsinamethodknownascrossbondingcanreducethe voltagestotolerablelevels,buteachsplicelocationmusthavesmallsurgearresterstoprotect thesheathsfromovervoltages,andtheyarecontainedinawaterprooflinkboxtoallow reconnectionandtestingofthearrestersandthecablejackets.Theselinkboxescanbeplaced inaseparatesmallmanholeadjacenttothesplicingmanholetoalloweasyaccess. 4.4 Terminations Theterminations,whichconnectthecablestooverheadbus,resembletransformerbushings andwouldbeabout9.5feettall.TheywouldbeplacedonsteelstructuresinPSE&Gsubstations orswitchingstations.Sixoftheseterminationswouldberequiredateachlocation.

5.0

CABLE INSTALLATION

The230kVXLPEinsulatedcableswouldbeprovidedonsteelreels,withindividualcableson individualreels,weighingapproximately50,000poundseach.Specialwincheswouldbesetup atonemanhole,andthecablepulledfromanadjacentmanholetothelocationwiththewinch. Oncecableinstallationfrombothsidestothemanholeiscompleted,thecablesmaybespliced together.Splicingistypicallyperformedaroundtheclockinthemanhole,andtheairis conditionedtomaintainlowhumidityandcleanconditions.Threesplicesforoneofthelines wouldtakeaboutaweekusinghighlytrainedandskilledsplicers.

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Terminationinstallationalsorequiresextremelyclean,dryconditions.Eachterminationwould takeonetotwodaystocomplete. Thereareseveralfirmsthathaveexperienceininstallingthesecablesintheductsand manholes,butsplicingandterminatingaretypicallyperformedbytechniciansfromthecable supplier.

6.0

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

Undergroundcableconstructiongenerallyhasmoreenvironmentalintrusionthanoverheadline construction,forseveralreasons: Everyfootoftheroutelengthmustbeexcavated,ordugbytrenchlessmeans.Common constructionconcernssuchasequipmentmovement,dust,noise,etc.willbeaproblem alongtheentireroute. Itisgenerallynotpossibletocrosswetlands,creeks,rivers,highways,etc.byopen trenching.Ifwetlandsarepresent,theymaybespannedbyhorizontaldirectionaldrilling ifthelengthislessthanafewthousandfeet.Ifthelengthislonger,alternateroutes mustbefoundunlessapprovalisgrantedtocrossthewetlands. Sinceeveryfootofthelengthistrenchedorotherwiseexcavated,thechanceof encounteringcontaminatedsoilsishigherthanfortowerfoundationsforoverheadlines. Horizontaldirectionaldrillingrequiresagreatdealofequipment,andrequiresusinga drillingmudthathasthepossibilityofforcingitswaytothesurfaceinundesired locations Blastingmayberequiredforsubstantialdistances,especiallyiftherearerock outcroppings Aclearedareaatleast50feetwideisrequiredthefulllengthofthelinetomove equipmentandmaterials,performtrenching,assembleduct,etc. Anaccessroadmustbebuiltalongtheentirelengthofthecablesystem.Theroadmust becapableofsupportingmultipletruckswithweightsapproaching100,000pounds. Constructionequipmentandcrewsmustbepresentforlongperiodsoftimeamilea monthissometimesstatedasaruleofthumbforinstallingthecablesystem. Equipmentandpersonnelmustbeatmanholelocationsforadditionaltime,tofabricate splices Althoughundergroundlinesarenotvisibleafterconstruction,therearestillenvironmental concerns:

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Anaccessroadisrequiredalongtheroute,formaintenanceandpossiblerepair operations.Personnelmusttraveltoeverymanholeperiodicallyforinspectionofsplices andlinkboxes. Woodyvegetationisnotpermittedwithintenfeetofthecabletrench Thetemperatureattheearthssurfaceiselevatedseveraldegreesabovethatofthe surroundingarea Magneticfieldsrightabovethecabletrenchcanbehigherthanthoseofoverheadlines, buttheyattenuatemorequicklywithdistancefromthetrench.

7.0

OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

Theelectricalcharacteristicsofundergroundcablesaredifferentfromthoseofoverheadlines, whichcancauseproblemsinsystemoperation.Differencesinclude: Cablesarelongdistributedcapacitors.Thecablecapacitancereducestheallowableflow ofrealpower(MW),cancauseinstabilityinsystemoperation,andcauseovervoltages thatmaydamagesystemcomponentssuchastransformers. Cablesofthe~24.5milelengthoftheNorthCentralReliabilityProjectcanhavereactive powerlevelshighenoughtorequireshuntreactors(deviceresemblinglarge transformers)atthesubstationendstocontrolthereactivepower.Theseshuntreactors havehighelectricallosses,andhistoricallyhavenothadagoodreliabilityrecord. Utilitiestypicallyrecloseonanoverheadlinebecausemostfaultsaretransient.Re closingonacircuitthatcontainsanundergroundcableisnotrecommendedsincecable faultsarepermanent,andreclosingcancausesignificantadditionaldamagetothecable systemincludinglaunchingmanholecoversifthefaultisinasplice. Utilitiesmustplanonafailedcablebeingoutofserviceforamonthorlonger,andmust thereforemakealternateprovisionsforpowertransferuntilthecableisrepaired.

8.0

INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

InspectionandMaintenancerequirementsforundergroundcablesarehigherthanthosefor overheadlines.ThefollowingmaintenanceitemsshouldbeperformedforXLPEinsulated cables: Weeklysubstationwalkthrough,tocheckforcrackedinsulatorsontheterminations,or leaksofinsulatingfluidfromtheterminations. Biweeklypatrolofthecableroute,tolookforanyconstructionactivitythatmightaffect theburiedcables

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Checkofthesheathvoltagelimiters(thesmallsurgearresters)inthelinkbox,anytime thereisafaultonthecableorathroughfaultonthetransmissionline.Ifthelinkboxes arelocatedinthemanhole(thepreferredlocationsinceleadsfromthesplicetothelink boxshouldbeasshortaspossible),thenthemanholemustbepumpedofwateranda safeatmosphereestablishedbeforeworkerscanenter. Jacketintegritytestandcheckoflinkboxconnectionandsheathvoltagelimitersevery threeyears.Thesetestswouldrequireanoutageforaweekorlongerdependingupon thenumberofcrewsavailable.Manholeintegritywouldbecheckedatthistime. Maintenanceoftherightofwaytoallowvehicleaccessalongthefulllengthandto insurenowoodyvegetationgrowstooclosetothecabletrench

9.0

COSTS AND SCHEDULE

Itisnotpossibletodevelopevenastudygradecostestimate(accurateto+/25%)without detailedanalysisoftheroute,evaluationoftheamountofrockblasting,numberofhorizontal augerboresorhorizontaldirectionaldrills,accessroadrequirements,etc.Costratiosdepend upontheoverheadlinecostsaswellasundergroundlinecosts(i.e.thecostofUGtoOHmay varybyafactoroftwoorthreeforthesameundergroundcost,dependinguponthecostof overheadconstruction.)Costratiosareoftenstatedas510to1,withpublishedvaluesashigh as20/1(CIGRE2004). Anundergroundprojectofthismagnitudecouldtypicallybeconstructedintwotothreeyears, afterpermitsareinplaceandengineeringdesigniscompleted.

10.0 CONCLUSIONS
Undergroundcablesaretechnicallyfeasibleforthis230kVapplication.Crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE)cableswouldbethepreferredcabletype. However,routeconditionswouldmakecableinstallationverycostly,disruptive,andtime consuming.HavingthesecablesonthesystemwouldcreateoperationaldifficultiesforPSE&G thatwouldnotbepresentwithoverheadlines,andpowertransfercouldbeseverelycurtailed forlongerthanamonthiftherewereacablefailure.

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