1. What edema is? 2. Causes of edema? 3. Impact of edema? 4. Types of edema? 5. Treatment? 6. Dynamic balance body liquid? 7.

Difference between pitting & non-pitting edema?

ANSWER 1. Is an abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin or in one or more cavities of the body that produces swelling. Edema is the medical term for swelling caused by a collection of fluid in the small spaces that surround the body tissues and organs. 2. Generally, the amount of interstitial fluid is determined by the balance of fluid homeostasis, and increased secretion of fluid into the interstitium or impaired removal of this fluid may cause edema. Edema is caused by either systemic diseases, that is, diseases that affect the various organ systems of the body, or by local conditions involving just the affected extremities. The most common systemic diseases associated with edema involve the heart, liver, and kidneys. In these diseases, edema occurs primarily because of the body's retention of too much salt (sodium chloride). The excess salt causes the body to retain water. This water then leaks into the interstitial tissue spaces, where it appears as edema. (PITTING) 3. Edema of the brain can cause the blood supply to the brain is blocked so that the supply of oxygen to the brain stops and can cause death. 4. Pitting and Non-Pitting Edema. Idiopathic edema is a pitting edema of unknown cause that occurs primarily in pre-menopausal women who do not have evidence of heart, liver, or kidney disease. In this condition, the fluid retention at first may be seen primarily pre-menstrually (just prior to menstruation), which is why it sometimes is

called "cyclical" edema. However, it can become a more constant and severe problem. 5. Edema can become a problem in systemic diseases of the heart, liver or kidneys. Diuretic therapy can be initiated, often alleviating the edema. The most potent diuretics are loop diuretics, so-called because they work in the portion of the kidney tubules referred to as the loop of Henle. The kidney tubules are small ducts that regulate salt and water balance, while transporting the forming urine. These drugs include the loop diuretics, the thiazide diuretics, and metolazone. Some diuretics frequently cause an excessive loss of potassium in the urine, leading to the depletion of body potassium. These drugs include the loop diuretics, the thiazide diuretics, and metolazone. Patients on these diuretics are commonly advised to take potassium supplements and/or to eat foods high in potassium. High potassium foods include certain fruits such as: bananas, orange juice, tomatoes, and potatoes. 6.