Section 9 PDF

SECTION 9 JOURNAL AND PLANE-SURFACE BEARINGS
Page 1 of 63
LIGHTLY LOADED BEARINGS

551. (a) A 3 x 3 in. full bearing supports a load of 900 lb., 0015 . 0 = D c
d
,
rpm n 400 = . The temperature of the SAE 40 oil is maintained at 140
o
F.
Considering the bearing lightly loaded (Petroff), compute the frictional torque,
fhp, and the coefficient of friction. (b) The same as (a) except that the oil is
SAE 10W.

Solution.

(a)
( )
|
\
|
=
2 2
D
c
DLv
T
d
ips
f

in L 3 =
in D 3 =
( )( )
ips
Dn
v
ips

20
60
400 3
60
= = =
0015 . 0 = D c
d

SAE 40 oil, 140
o
F, Figure A16.
reyns 25 . 7 =
( )
( )( )( )( )( )
( )
lb
c
DLv
F
d
ips
173 . 17
2 0015 . 0
20 3 3 10 25 . 7
2
6
=
= =

( ) lb in
D
F T
f
= |
\
|
= |
\
|
= 76 . 25
2
3
173 . 17
2

000 , 33
m
Fv
fhp =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
16 . 314
12
400 3
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
1635 . 0
000 , 33
16 . 314 173 . 17
000 , 33
= = =
0191 . 0
900
173 . 17
= = =
W
F
f

(b) SAE 10W oil, 140
o
F, Figure A16.
reyn reyns
6
10 2 . 2 2 . 2

= =
( )
( )( )( )( )( )
( )
lb
c
DLv
F
d
ips
211 . 5
2 0015 . 0
20 3 3 10 2 . 2
2
6
=
= =

( ) lb in
D
F T
f
= |
\
|
= |
\
|
= 817 . 7
2
3
211 . 5
2

000 , 33
m
Fv
fhp =
Page 2 of 63
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
16 . 314
12
400 3
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
0496 . 0
000 , 33
16 . 314 211 . 5
000 , 33
= = =
00579 . 0
900
211 . 5
= = =
W
F
f

553. The average pressure on a 6-in. full bearing is 50 psi, . 003 . 0 in c
d
= , 1 = D L .
While the average oil temperature is maintained at 160
o
F with rpm n 300 = ,
the frictional force is found to be 13 lb. Compute the coefficient of friction
and the average viscosity of the oil. To what grade of oil does this
correspond?

Solution:
LD
W
p =
. 6 in D =
1 = D L
. 6 in L =
( )( )( ) lb pLD W 1800 6 6 50 = = =
lb F 13 =
Coefficient of Friction
0072 . 0
1800
13
= = =
W
F
f
( ) 2
d
ips
c
DLv
F
=
( )( )
ips
Dn
v
ips

30
60
300 6
60
= = =
( )
( )( )( )( )
( )
lb
c
DLv
F
d
ips
13
2 003 . 0
30 6 6
2
= = =

reyns reyn 8 . 1 10 8 . 1
6
= =

Figure AF 16, 160
o
F use SAE 10W or SAE 20W

FULL BEARINGS

554. The load on a 4-in. full bearing is 2000 lb.,
rpm n 320 = ; 1 = D L ; 0011 . 0 = D c
d
; operating temperature = 150
o
F;
in h
o
00088 . 0 = . (a) Select an oil that will closely accord with the started
conditions. For the selected oil determine (b) the frictional loss (ft-lb/min), (c)
the hydrodynamic oil flow through the bearing, (d) the amount of end leakage,
Page 3 of 63
(e) the temperature rise as the oil passes through the bearing, (f) the maximum
pressure.

Solution:

(a) in D 4 =
1 = D L
in L 4 =
( ) in D c
d
0044 . 0 4 0011 . 0 0011 . 0 = = =
in h
o
00088 . 0 =
( )
6 . 0
0044 . 0
00088 . 0 2
1
2
1 = = =
d
o
c
h

Table AT 20
6 . 0 = , 1 = D L
Sommerfield Number
2
|
|
\
|
=
d
s
c
D
p
n
S

rps n
s
333 . 5
60
320
= =
( )( )
psi
LD
W
p 125
4 4
2000
= = =
0011 . 0 = D c
d

( )
2
0011 . 0
1
125
333 . 5
121 . 0
|
\
|
=

reyns reyn 4 . 3 10 4 . 3
6
= =

Figure AF-16, 150
o
F, use SAE 30 or SAE 20 W
Select SAE 30, the nearest
reyn
6
10 9 . 3

=

(b) Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 6 . 0 =
22 . 3 = f
c
r
r

0011 . 0
1
= =
d r
c
D
c
r

22 . 3
0011 . 0
1
= |
\
|
f
003542 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 084 . 7 2000 003542 . 0 = = =
Page 4 of 63
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
1 . 335
12
320 4
12
= = =

Frictional loss = ( )( ) min lb ft Fv
m
= 2374 1 . 335 084 . 7
(c) Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 6 . 0 =
33 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

in
D
r 0 . 2
2
= =
in
c
c
d
r
0022 . 0
2
0044 . 0
2
= = =
rps n
s
333 . 5 =
in L 4 =
( )( )( )( ) sec in L n rc q
s r
3
4064 . 0 4 333 . 5 0022 . 0 0 . 2 33 . 4 33 . 4 = = =

(d) Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 6 . 0 =
680 . 0 =
q
q
s

( ) sec in q q
s
3
2764 . 0 4064 . 0 680 . 0 680 . 0 = = =

(e) Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 6 . 0 =
2 . 14 =
p
t c
o

112 = c , psi p 125 =
( )
F
c
p
t
o
o
85 . 15
112
125 2 . 14 2 . 14
= = =

(f) Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 6 . 0 =
415 . 0
max
=
p
p

psi p 2 . 301
415 . 0
125
max
= =

555. A 4-in., 360
o
bearing, with 1 . 1 = D L (use table and chart values for 1), is to
support 5 kips with a minimum film thickness 0.0008 in.; . 004 . 0 in c
d
= ,
rpm n 600 = . Determine (a) the needed absolute viscosity of the oil .(b)
Suitable oil if the average film temperature is 160 F, (c) the frictional loss in
hp. (d) Adjusting only
o
h to the optimum value for minimum friction,
determine the fhp and compare. (e) This load varies. What could be the
magnitude of the maximum impulsive load if the eccentricity ration
becomes 0.8? Ignore squeeze effect.
Page 5 of 63

Solution:
in D 4 =
( ) in D L 4 . 4 4 1 . 1 1 . 1 = = =
( )( )
psi
LD
W
p 284
4 4 . 4
5000
= = =
in h
o
0008 . 0 =
. 004 . 0 in c
d
=
( )
6 . 0
004 . 0
0008 . 0 2
1
2
1 = = =
d
o
c
h

rps 10
60
600
= =

(a) Table AT20, 1 = D L , 6 . 0 =

121 . 0 = S
2 2
|
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
d
s s
r
c
D
p
n
p
n
c
r
S

( )
2
004 . 0
4
284
10
121 . 0
|
\
|
=

reyn
6
10 4 . 3

=

(b) Figure AF16, 160 F

Use SAE 30, reyn
6
10 2 . 3

=

(c) Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 6 . 0 =

22 . 3 = f
c
r
r

22 . 3 = f
c
D
d

22 . 3
004 . 0
4
= |
\
|
f
00322 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb lb W f F 1 . 16 5000 00322 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
3 . 628
12
600 4
12
= = =

Page 6 of 63
( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
3065 . 0
000 , 33
3 . 628 1 . 16
000 , 33
= = =

(d) adjusting
o
h , . 004 . 0 in c
d
=

Table AT 20, 1 = D L
30 . 0 =
r o
c h optimum value for minimum friction
46 . 2 = f
c
r
r

46 . 2 = f
c
D
d

46 . 2
004 . 0
4
= |
\
|
f
00246 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb lb W f F 3 . 12 5000 00246 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
3 . 628
12
600 4
12
= = =

( )( )
( ) c fhp hp
Fv
fhp
m
< = = = 234 . 0
000 , 33
3 . 628 3 . 12
000 , 33

(e) 8 . 0 = , Table AT 20, 1 = D L

0446 . 0 = S
2 2
|
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
d
s s
r
c
D
p
n
p
n
c
r
S

( )( )
2
6
004 . 0
4 10 10 2 . 3
0446 . 0
|
\
|
=
p

psi p 5 . 717 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 628 , 12 4 . 4 4 5 . 717 = = =

556. For an 8 x 4 in. full bearing, . 0075 . 0 in c
r
= , rpm n 2700 = , average
reyn
6
10 4

= . (a) What load may this bearing safely carry if the minimum
film thickness is not to be less than that given by Norton, i11.14, Text? (b)
Compute the corresponding frictional loss (fhp). (c) Complete calculations for
the other quantities in Table AT 20, , q ,
s
q ,
o
t ,
max
p . Compute the
maximum load for an optimum (load) bearing (d) if
r
c remains the same, (e)
if
o
h remains the same.

Page 7 of 63
Solution:
4 8 = L D
2 1 = D L
in c
r
0075 . 0 =
in D r 4 2 = =
reyn
6
10 4

=

(a) by Norton, ( ) in D h
o
002 . 0 8 00025 . 0 00025 . 0 = = =
27 . 0
0075 . 0
002 . 0
= =
r
o
c
h

Table AT 20, 2 1 = D L , 27 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

172 . 0 = S
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
rps n
s
45
60
2700
= =
( )( )
p
S
45 10 4
0075 . 0
4
172 . 0
6
2
\
|
= =
psi p 298 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 9536 4 8 298 = = =

(b) Table AT 20, 2 1 = D L , 27 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

o
5 . 38 =
954 . 4 = f
c
r
r

954 . 4 = f
c
D
d

954 . 4
004 . 0
4
= |
\
|
f
0093 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb lb W f F 7 . 88 9536 0093 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
5655
12
2700 8
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
2 . 15
000 , 33
5655 7 . 88
000 , 33
= = =

Page 8 of 63
(c) Table AT 20, 2 1 = D L , 27 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

o
5 . 38 =
214 . 5 =
L n rc
q
s r

( )( )( )( ) sec 2 . 28 4 45 0075 . 0 4 214 . 5 214 . 5
3
in L n rc q
s r
= = =
824 . 0 =
q
q
s

( ) sec 2 . 23 2 . 28 824 . 0
3
in q
s
= =
26 . 20 =
p
t c

( )
F t
o
54
112
298 26 . 20
= =
3013 . 0
max
=
p
p

psi p 989
3013 . 0
298
max
= =
To solve for maximum load, Table AT 20, 2 1 = D L , 43 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

388 . 0
2
=
|
|
\
|
=
p
n
c
r
S
s
r

(d) in c
r
0075 . 0 =
( )( )
p
S
45 10 4
0075 . 0
4
388 . 0
6
2
\
|
= =
psi p 132 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 4224 4 8 132 = = =

(e) in h
o
002 . 0 =
43 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

in c
r
00465 . 0
43 . 0
002 . 0
= =
( )( )
p
S
45 10 4
00465 . 0
4
388 . 0
6
2
\
|
= =
psi p 3 . 343 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 986 , 10 4 8 3 . 343 = = =

Page 9 of 63
557. A 6 x 6 in full bearing has a frictional loss of 11 = fhp when the load is
68,500 lb. and rpm n 1600 = ; 001 . 0 = r c
r
. (a) Compute the minimum film
thickness. Is this in the vicinity of that for an optimum bearing? (b) What is
the viscosity of the oil and a proper grade for an operating temperature of 160
F? (c) For the same
o
h , but for the maximum-load optimum, determine the
permissible load and the fhp.

Solution:
in L 6 =
in D 6 =
1 = D L
in D r 3 2 = =
001 . 0 = r c
r

rpm n 1600 =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
2513
12
1600 3
12
= = =

000 , 33
m
Fv
fhp =
( )
lb F 45 . 144
2513
11 000 , 33
= =
00211 . 0
500 , 68
45 . 144
= = =
W
F
f
(a) ( ) 11 . 2 00211 . 0
001 . 0
1
= |
\
|
= f
c
r
r

Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 11 . 2 = f
c
r
r

Near the vicinity of optimum bearing
( ) in r c
r
003 . 0 3 001 . 0 001 . 0 = = =
( ) in c h
r o
0008 . 0 003 . 0 254 . 0 254 . 0 = = =

(b) Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 11 . 2 = f
c
r
r

0652 . 0 = S
388 . 0
2
=
|
|
\
|
=
p
n
c
r
S
s
r

rps n
s
67 . 26
60
1600
= =
( )( )
psi
LD
W
p 8 . 1902
6 6
500 , 68
= = =
Page 10 of 63
( )( )
8 . 1902
67 . 26
001 . 0
1
0652 . 0
2
\
|
= = S
reyn
6
10 7 . 4

=
Figure AF 16, 160 F, use SAE 40.

(c) Table AT 20, 1 = D L
optimum bearing, maximum load, 53 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

o
h the same, in
h
c
o
r
0015 . 0
53 . 0
0008 . 0
53 . 0
= = =
53 . 0 =
r
o
c
h
, 214 . 0 = S , 89 . 4 = f
c
r
r

p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
p
S
67 . 26 10 7 . 4
0015 . 0
3
214 . 0
6
2
\
|
= =
psi p 2343 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 348 , 84 6 6 2343 = = =
89 . 4 = f
c
r
r

89 . 4
0015 . 0
3
= |
\
|
f
00245 . 0 = f
( ) lb W f F 65 . 206 348 , 84 00245 . 0 = = =
fpm v
m
2513 =
( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
74 . 15
000 , 33
2513 65 . 206
000 , 33
= = =

558. The maximum load on a 2.25 x 1.6875 in. main bearing of an automobile is
3140 lb. with wide-open throttle at 1000 rpm. If the oil is SAE 20W at 210 F,
compute the minimum film thickness for a bearing clearance of (a) 0.0008 in.
and (b) 0.0005 in. Which clearance results in the safer operating conditions?
Note: Since a load of this order exists for only 20-25
o
of rotation, the actual
o
h does not reach this computed minimum (squeeze effect).

Solution:
in L D 6875 . 1 25 . 2 =
75 . 0
25 . 2
6875 . 1
= =
D
L

Page 11 of 63
SAE 20 W at 210
o
F
reyn
6
10 96 . 0

=
lb W 3140 =
rpm n 1000 =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 827
6875 . 1 25 . 2
3140
= = =
rps n
s
67 . 16
60
1000
= =
in
D
r 125 . 1
2
= =
2
|
|
\
|
=
r
s
c
r
p
n
S

(a) in c
r
0008 . 0 =
( )( )
038 . 0
0008 . 0
125 . 1
827
67 . 16 10 96 . 0
2
6
=
|
\
|
=
S
Table AT 20, 4 3 = D L , 038 . 0 = S

D L
r o
c h S
1 0.2 0.0446
0.2 0.0923

0.2 0.0685

D L
r o
c h S
1 0.1 0.0188
0.1 0.0313

0.1 0.0251

At 4 3 = D L
( ) 13 . 0 1 . 0 1 . 0 2 . 0
0251 . 0 0685 . 0
0251 . 0 038 . 0
= + |
\
|
=
r
o
c
h

( ) in c h
r o
0001 . 0 0008 . 0 13 . 0 13 . 0 = = =

(b) in c
r
0005 . 0 =
( )( )
098 . 0
0005 . 0
125 . 1
827
67 . 16 10 96 . 0
2
6
=
|
\
|
=
S

Table AT 20, 4 3 = D L , 098 . 0 = S

Page 12 of 63

D L
r o
c h S
1 0.2 0.0446
0.2 0.0923

0.2 0.0685

D L
r o
c h S
1 0.4 0.121
0.4 0.319

0.4 0.220

At 4 3 = D L
( ) 239 . 0 2 . 0 2 . 0 4 . 0
0685 . 0 220 . 0
0685 . 0 098 . 0
= + |
\
|
=
r
o
c
h

( ) in c h
r o
00012 . 0 0005 . 0 239 . 0 239 . 0 = = =

use in c
r
0005 . 0 = , in h
o
00012 . 0 =

561. A 360
o
bearing supports a load of 2500 lb.; . 5 in D = , . 5 . 2 in L = ,
. 003 . 0 in c
r
= , rpm n 1800 = ; SAE 20 W oil entering at 100 F. (a) Compute
the average temperature
av
t of the oil through the bearing. (An iteration
procedure. Assume ; compute S and the corresponding
o
t ; then the
average oil temperature 2
o i av
t t t + = . If this
av
t and the assumed do not
locate a point in Fig. AF 16 on the line for SAE 20 W oil, try again.) Calculate
(b) the minimum film thickness, (c) the fhp, (d) the amount of oil to be
supplied and the end leakage.

Solution:
in D 5 =
in L 5 . 2 =
5 . 0
5
5 . 2
= =
D
L

in c
r
003 . 0 =

(a) Table AT 20
Parameter,
p
t c
o

, 112 = c
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
Page 13 of 63
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 200
5 . 2 5
2500
= = =
rps n
s
30
60
1800
= =
in
D
r 5 . 2
2
= =
in c
r
003 . 0 =
Fig. AF 16, SAE 20 W, Table AT 20, 5 . 0 = D L , F t
i
o
100 =
Trial ( F t
o
), reyns S
p
t c
o

F t
o
o
F t t t
o i av
o
2 + =
3.5 x 10
-6
(130 F) 0.365 36.56 65 132.5
3.2 x 10
-6
(134 F) 0.333 34.08 61 130.5
3.4 x 10
-6
(132 F) 0.354 35.71 64 132.0

Therefore, use F t
av
o
132 = , 354 . 0 = S

(b) Table AT 20, 5 . 0 = D L , 354 . 0 = S
415 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

( ) in h
o
00125 . 0 003 . 0 415 . 0 = =

(c) Table AT 20, 5 . 0 = D L , 354 . 0 = S
777 . 8 = f
c
r
r

777 . 8
003 . 0
5 . 2
= |
\
|
f
0105 . 0 = f
( ) lb W f F 25 . 26 2500 0105 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
2356
12
1800 5
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
874 . 1
000 , 33
2356 25 . 26
000 , 33
= = =

(d) Table AT 20, 5 . 0 = D L , 354 . 0 = S
807 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

( )( )( )( ) sec 704 . 2 5 . 2 30 003 . 0 5 . 2 807 . 4 807 . 4
3
in L n rc q
s r
= = =
7165 . 0 =
q
q
s

Page 14 of 63
( ) sec 937 . 1 704 . 2 7165 . 0
3
in q
s
= =

PARTIAL BEARINGS

562. A 2 x 2-in. bearing has a clearance in c
r
001 . 0 = , and . 0004 . 0 in h
o
= ,
rpm n 2400 = , and for the oil, reyn
6
10 3

= . Determine the load, frictional
horsepower, the amount of oil to enter, the end leakage of oil, and the
temperature rise of the oil as it passes through for : (a) a full bearing, partial
bearings of (b) 180
o
, (c) 120
o
, (d) 90
o
, (e) 60
o
.

Solution:
in L D 2 = =
1 = D L
in c
r
001 . 0 =
in D r 1 2 = =
rpm n 2400 =
rps n
s
40 =
reyn
6
10 3

=
. 004 . 0 in h
o
=
4 . 0
001 . 0
0004 . 0
= =
r
o
c
h

( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
1257
12
2400 2
12
= = =

(a) Full bearing

Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 4 . 0 =
r o
c h
121 . 0 = S
22 . 3 =
r
c
rf

33 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

680 . 0 =
q
q
s

2 . 14 =
p
t c
o

415 . 0
max
=
p
p

Load W
Page 15 of 63
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
p
40 10 3
001 . 0
1
121 . 0
6
2
\
|
=
psi p 992 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 3968 2 2 992 = = =
fhp:
W f F =
22 . 3 =
r
c
rf

22 . 3
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
00322 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 78 . 12 3968 00322 . 0 = = =
( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
4868 . 0
000 , 33
1257 78 . 12
000 , 33
= = =
Oil flow, q
33 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

( )( )( )( )
33 . 4
2 40 001 . 0 1 . 0
=
q

sec 3464 . 0
3
in q =
End leakage
680 . 0 =
q
q
s

( ) sec 2356 . 0 3464 . 0 68 . 0
3
in q
s
= =
Temperature rise,
o
t
2 . 14 =
p
t c
o

( )
2 . 14
992
112
=
o
t

F t
o
o
126 =

(b) 180
o
Bearing

Table AT 21, 1 = D L , 4 . 0 =
r o
c h
128 . 0 = S
Page 16 of 63
28 . 2 =
r
c
rf

25 . 3 =
L n rc
q
s r

572 . 0 =
q
q
s

4 . 12 =
p
t c
o

Load W
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
p
40 10 3
001 . 0
1
128 . 0
6
2
\
|
=
psi p 5 . 937 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 3750 2 2 5 . 937 = = =
fhp:
W f F =
28 . 2 =
r
c
rf

28 . 2
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
00228 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 55 . 8 3750 00228 . 0 = = =
( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
3257 . 0
000 , 33
1257 55 . 8
000 , 33
= = =
Oil flow, q
25 . 3 =
L n rc
q
s r

( )( )( )( )
25 . 3
2 40 001 . 0 1 . 0
=
q

sec 26 . 0
3
in q =
End leakage
572 . 0 =
q
q
s

( ) sec 1487 . 0 26 . 0 572 . 0
3
in q
s
= =
Temperature rise,
o
t
Page 17 of 63
4 . 12 =
p
t c
o

( )
4 . 12
5 . 937
112
=
o
t

F t
o
o
104 =

(c) 12
o
Bearing

Table AT 22, 1 = D L , 4 . 0 =
r o
c h
162 . 0 = S
16 . 2 =
r
c
rf

24 . 2 =
L n rc
q
s r

384 . 0 =
q
q
s

15 =
p
t c
o

Load W
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
p
40 10 3
001 . 0
1
162 . 0
6
2
\
|
=
psi p 741 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 2964 2 2 741 = = =
fhp:
W f F =
16 . 2 =
r
c
rf

16 . 2
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
00216 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 4 . 6 2964 00216 . 0 = = =
( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
2438 . 0
000 , 33
1257 4 . 6
000 , 33
= = =
Oil flow, q
Page 18 of 63
24 . 2 =
L n rc
q
s r

( )( )( )( )
24 . 2
2 40 001 . 0 1 . 0
=
q

sec 1792 . 0
3
in q =
End leakage
384 . 0 =
q
q
s

( ) sec 0688 . 0 1792 . 0 384 . 0
3
in q
s
= =
Temperature rise,
o
t
15 =
p
t c
o

( )
15
741
112
=
o
t

F t
o
o
99 =

(d) 60
o
Bearing

1 = D L , 4 . 0 =
r o
c h
450 . 0 = S
29 . 3 =
r
c
rf

56 . 1 =
L n rc
q
s r

127 . 0 =
q
q
s

2 . 28 =
p
t c
o

Load W
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
p
40 10 3
001 . 0
1
450 . 0
6
2
\
|
=
psi p 267 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 1068 2 2 267 = = =
fhp:
W f F =
Page 19 of 63
29 . 3 =
r
c
rf

29 . 3
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
00329 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 514 . 3 1068 00329 . 0 = = =
( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
1339 . 0
000 , 33
1257 514 . 3
000 , 33
= = =
Oil flow, q
56 . 1 =
L n rc
q
s r

( )( )( )( )
56 . 1
2 40 001 . 0 1 . 0
=
q

sec 1248 . 0
3
in q =
End leakage
127 . 0 =
q
q
s

( ) sec 0158 . 0 1248 . 0 127 . 0
3
in q
s
= =
Temperature rise,
o
t
2 . 28 =
p
t c
o

( )
2 . 28
267
112
=
o
t

F t
o
o
67 =

563. A 2 x 2 in. bearing sustains a load of . 5000 lb W = ; . 001 . 0 in c
r
= ;
rpm n 2400 = ; reyn
6
10 3

= . Using Figs. AF 17 and AF 18, determine the
minimum film thickness and the frictional loss (ft-lb/min.) for (a) a full
bearing, and for partial bearings of (b) 180
o
, (c) 120
o
, (d) 90
o
, (e) 60
o
.

Solution:
in L 2 =
in D 2 =
lb W 5000 =
. 001 . 0 in c
r
=
rpm n 2400 =
rps n
s
40 =
reyn
6
10 3

=
in D r 1 2 = =
Page 20 of 63
( )( )
psi
LD
W
p 1250
2 2
5000
= = =
( )( )
10 . 0
1250
40 10 3
001 . 0
1
6
2
2
=
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
p
n
c
r
S
s
r

( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
1257
12
2400 2
12
= = =

Using Fig. AF 17 and AF 18

(a) Full Bearing

346 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

8 . 2 = f
c
r
r

( ) in h
o
000346 . 0 001 . 0 346 . 0 = =
8 . 2
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
0028 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 14 5000 0028 . 0 = = =
( )( ) min 600 , 17 1257 14 lb ft Fv
m
= =

(b) 180
o
Bearing

344 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

0 . 2 = f
c
r
r

( ) in h
o
000344 . 0 001 . 0 344 . 0 = =
0 . 2
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
0020 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 10 5000 0020 . 0 = = =
( )( ) min 570 , 12 1257 10 lb ft Fv
m
= =

(c) 120
o
Bearing

302 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

Page 21 of 63
7 . 1 = f
c
r
r

( ) in h
o
000302 . 0 001 . 0 302 . 0 = =
7 . 1
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
0017 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 5 . 8 5000 0017 . 0 = = =
( )( ) min 685 , 10 1257 5 . 8 lb ft Fv
m
= =

(d) 60
o
Bearing

20 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

4 . 1 = f
c
r
r

( ) in h
o
0002 . 0 001 . 0 20 . 0 = =
4 . 1
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
0014 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 7 5000 0014 . 0 = = =
( )( ) min 800 , 8 1257 7 lb ft Fv
m
= =

564. A 120
o
partial bearing is to support 4500 lb. with . 002 . 0 in h
o
= ; 1 = D L ;
. 4 in D = ; . 010 . 0 in c
d
= ; rpm n 3600 = . Determine (a) the oils viscosity,(b)
the frictional loss (ft-lb/min), (c) the eccentricity angle, (d) the needed oil
flow, (e) the end leakage, (f) the temperature rise of the oil as it passes
through, (g) the maximum pressure. (h) If the clearance given is the average,
what approximate class of fit (Table 3.1) is it? (i) What maximum impulsive
load would be on the bearing if the eccentricity ratio suddenly went to 0.8?
Ignore squeeze effect.

Solution:
lb W 4500 =
in h
o
002 . 0 =
1 = D L
in D 4 =
in L 4 =
in D r 2 2 = =
. 010 . 0 in c
d
=
rpm n 3600 =
Page 22 of 63
rps n
s
60
60
3600
= =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
3770
12
3600 2
12
= = =

( )( )
psi
LD
W
p 25 . 281
4 4
4500
= = =
( )
4 . 0
010 . 0
002 . 0 2 2
= = =
r
o
r
o
c
h
c
h

Table AT 22, 1 = D L , 4 . 0 =
r o
c h
162 . 0 = S
o
65 . 35 =
16 . 2 = f
c
r
r

24 . 2 =
L n rc
q
s r

384 . 0 =
q
q
s

0 . 15 =
p
t c
o

356 . 0
max
=
p
p

(a)
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
p
n
c
D
S
s
d
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )
25 . 281
60
010 . 0
4
162 . 0
2
\
|
=
reyn
6
10 75 . 4

=

(b) 16 . 2 = f
c
r
r

16 . 2 = f
c
D
d

16 . 2
010 . 0
4
=
|
\
|
f
0054 . 0 = f
( ) lb W f F 30 . 24 4500 0054 . 0 = = =
Page 23 of 63
( )( ) min 611 , 91 3770 30 . 24 lb ft Fv
m
= =

(c)
o
65 . 35 =

(d) 24 . 2
4
= =
L n Dc
q
L n rc
q
s d s r

( )( )( )( )
24 . 2
4 60 010 . 0 4
4
=
q

sec 4 . 5
3
in q =

(e) 384 . 0 =
q
q
s

( ) sec 07 . 2 4 . 5 384 . 0
3
in q
s
= =

(f) 0 . 15 =
p
t c
o

( )
0 . 15
25 . 281
112
=
o
t

F t
o
o
38 =

(g) 356 . 0
max
=
p
p

psi p 790
356 . 0
25 . 281
max
= =

(h) in c
d
010 . 0 = , in D 4 =
Table 3.1
RC 8, Hole, average = + 0.0025
Shaft, average = - 0.00875
in c
d
010 . 0 01125 . 0 00875 . 0 0025 . 0 = + =
Class of fit = RC 9

(i) 80 . 0 =
Table AT 22, , 1 = D L
162 . 0 = S
p
n
c
D
S
s
d
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
p
60 10 3
010 . 0
4
0531 . 0
6
2
\
|
=
psi p 542 =
Page 24 of 63
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 8672 4 4 542 = = =

565. A 120o partial bearing is to support 4500 lb., . 3 in D = , . 003 . 0 in c
d
= ;
rpm n 3600 = ; SAE 20W entering at 110 F. Calculate (a) the average
temperature of the oil as it passes through,(b) the minimum film thickness, (c)
the fhp, (d) the quantity of oil to be supplied. HINT: In (a) assume and
determine the corresponding values of S and
o
t ; then 2
o i av
t t t + = . If
assumed and
av
t do not locate a point in Fig. AF 16 that falls on line for
SAE 20W, iterate.

Solution:
lb W 4500 =
in D 3 =
in L 3 =
1 = D L
. 003 . 0 in c
d
=
p
n
c
D
S
s
d
2
|
|
\
|
=
rps n
s
60
60
3600
= =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 500
3 3
4500
= = =
p
t c
o

, (SAE 20W)

(a) Using Table AT22, 1 = D L , 112 = c , F t
i
o
110 =

Trial t ,
o
F S
p
t c
o

o
t 2
o i av
t t t + =
3.5 x 10
-6
130 0.42 19.8 88 154
2.0 x 10
-6
160 0.24 15.4 68 144
2.6 x 10
-6
145 0.312 17.7 79 149.5
2.35 x 10
-6
150 0.282 17.2 76 148
2.4 x 10
-6
149 0.288 17.3 78 149

Use F t
av
o
149 =

(b) Table AT 22, 1 = D L , 288 . 0 = S

Page 25 of 63
513 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

513 . 0
2
=
d
o
c
h

( ) 003 . 0 513 . 0 2 =
o
h
in h
o
00077 . 0 =

(c) Table At 22, 1 = D L , 288 . 0 = S
974 . 2 = f
c
r
r

974 . 2
003 . 0
3
= = f f
c
D
r

002974 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 383 . 13 4500 002974 . 0 = = =
000 , 33
m
Fv
fhp =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
2827
12
3600 3
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
15 . 1
000 , 33
2827 383 . 13
000 , 33
= = =

(d) Table At 22, 1 = D L , 288 . 0 = S

528 . 2 =
L n rc
q
s r

528 . 2
4
=
L n Dc
q
s d

( )( )( )( )
528 . 2
3 60 003 . 0 3
4
=
q

sec 024 . 1
3
in q =

566. The 6000-lb. reaction on an 8 x 4 in., 180
o
partial bearing is centrally
applied; rpm n 1000 = ; in h
o
002 . 0 = . For an optimum bearing with minimum
friction determine (a) the clearance, (b) the oils viscosity, (c) the frictional
horsepower. (d) Choose a D c
d
ratio either smaller or larger than that
obtained in (a) and show that the friction loss is greater than that in the
optimum bearing. Other data remain the same.

Solution:
lb W 6000 =
Page 26 of 63
in D 8 =
in L 4 =
rpm n 1000 =
rps n
s
67 . 16
60
1000
= =
2 1 = D L
in h
o
002 . 0 =

(a) Table AT 21, 2 1 = D L

Optimum value (minimum friction)
23 . 0 =
r o
c h
in c
r
0087 . 0
23 . 0
002 . 0
= =

(b) Table AT 21, 2 1 = D L , 23 . 0 =
r o
c h

126 . 0 = S
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 5 . 187
8 4
6000
= = =
in
D
r 4
2
= =
( )
5 . 187
67 . 16
0087 . 0
4
126 . 0
2
\
|
= = S
reyn
6
10 70 . 6

=

(c) Table AT 21, 2 1 = D L , 23 . 0 =
r o
c h

97 . 2 = f
c
r
r

97 . 2
0087 . 0
4
=
|
\
|
f
00646 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 76 . 38 6000 00646 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
2094
12
1000 8
12
= = =

Page 27 of 63
( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
46 . 2
000 , 33
2094 76 . 38
000 , 33
= = =

For (a)
( )
0022 . 0
8
0087 . 0 2 2
= = =
D
c
D
c
r d

0022 . 0 >
D
c
d

0030 . 0 =
D
c
d

( ) in c
d
0240 . 0 8 0030 . 0 = =
in c
r
0120 . 0 =
1667 . 0
012 . 0
002 . 0
= =
r
o
c
h

Table AT 21, 2 1 = D L
67 . 1 = f
c
r
r

67 . 1
0016 . 0
4
=
|
\
|
f
00668 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 08 . 40 6000 00668 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
2094
12
1000 8
12
= = =

( )( )
hp hp
Fv
fhp
m
46 . 2 54 . 2
000 , 33
2094 08 . 40
000 , 33
> = = =

0022 . 0 <
D
c
d

0020 . 0 =
D
c
d

( ) in c
d
0160 . 0 8 0020 . 0 = =
in c
r
0080 . 0 =
25 . 0
008 . 0
002 . 0
= =
r
o
c
h

Table AT 21, 2 1 = D L
26 . 3 = f
c
r
r

26 . 3
0016 . 0
4
=
|
\
|
f
00652 . 0 = f
Page 28 of 63
( )( ) lb W f F 12 . 39 6000 00652 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
2094
12
1000 8
12
= = =

( )( )
hp hp
Fv
fhp
m
46 . 2 48 . 2
000 , 33
2094 12 . 39
000 , 33
> = = =

567. A 120
o
partial bearing supports 3500 lb. when rpm n 250 = ; . 5 in D = ,
. 5 in L = ; reyn
6
10 3

= . What are the clearance and minimum film
thickness for an optimum bearing (a) for maximum load, (b) for minimum
friction? (c) On the basis of the average clearance in Table 3.1, about what
class fit is involved? Would this fit be on the expensive or inexpensive side?
(d) Find the fhp for each optimum bearing.

Solution:

. 5 in D =
. 5 in L =
1 =
D
L

rpm n 250 =
rps n
s
17 . 4
60
250
= =
reyn
6
10 3

=
lb W 3500 =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 140
5 5
3500
= = =

(a) Table AT 22, 1 =
D
L
, max. load 46 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

229 . 0 = S
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
in
D
r 5 . 2
2
= =
( )( )
140
17 . 4 10 0 . 3 5 . 2
229 . 0
6
2
|
|
\
|
= =
r
c
S
in c
r
00156 . 0 =
( ) in c h
r o
00072 . 0 00156 . 0 46 . 0 46 . 0 = = =

Page 29 of 63
(b) Table AT 22, 1 =
D
L
, min. friction 40 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

162 . 0 = S
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
in
D
r 5 . 2
2
= =
( )( )
140
17 . 4 10 0 . 3 5 . 2
162 . 0
6
2
|
|
\
|
= =
r
c
S
in c
r
00186 . 0 =
( ) in c h
r o
00074 . 0 00186 . 0 40 . 0 46 . 0 = = =

(c) ( ) in c
d
00312 . 0 00156 . 0 2
1
= =
( ) in c
d
00372 . 0 00186 . 0 2
2
= =
Use Class RC4, ave. in c
d
00320 . 0 = , expensive side

(d) Table AT 22, 1 =
D
L
, max. load 46 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

592 . 2 = f
c
r
r

592 . 2
00156 . 0
5 . 2
=
|
\
|
f
00162 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 67 . 5 3500 00162 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
25 . 327
12
250 5
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
0562 . 0
000 , 33
25 . 327 67 . 5
000 , 33
= = =

For minimum friction, 40 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

16 . 2 = f
c
r
r

16 . 2
00186 . 0
5 . 2
=
|
\
|
f
00161 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 635 . 5 3500 00161 . 0 = = =
Page 30 of 63
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
25 . 327
12
250 5
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
0559 . 0
000 , 33
25 . 327 635 . 5
000 , 33
= = =

570. A 180
o
partial bearing is to support 17,000 lb. with psi p 200 = ,
rpm n 1500 = , in h
o
003 . 0 = , 1 = D L . (a) Determine the clearance for an
optimum bearing with minimum friction. (b) Taking this clearance as the
average, choose a fit (Table 3.1) that is approximately suitable. (c) Select an
oil for an average temperature of 150 F. (d) Compute fhp.

Solution:

lb W 000 , 17 =
psi p 200 =
rpm n 1500 =
rps n
s
25
60
1500
= =
1 = D L
D L =
DL
W
p =
2
000 , 17
200
D
=
in L D 22 . 9 = =
in
D
r 61 . 4
2
22 . 9
2
= = =
(a) For optimum bearing with minimum friction

Table AT 21, 1 = D L , 44 . 0 =
r o
c h
44 . 0 =
r o
c h
44 . 0
003 . 0
=
r
c

in c
r
00682 . 0 =

(b) Table 3.1, in D 22 . 9 =
( ) in c c
r d
01364 . 0 00682 . 0 2 2 = = =
Use Class RC7, average in c
d
01065 . 0 =
Or use Class RC8, average in c
d
01575 . 0 =
(c) Table AT 21, 1 = D L , 44 . 0 =
r o
c h
158 . 0 = S
Page 31 of 63
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )
200
25
00682 . 0
61 . 4
158 . 0
2
\
|
=
reyn
6
10 8 . 2

=
Fig. AF 16, at 150 F
Use Either SAE 20W or SAE 30.

(d) Table AT 21, 1 = D L , 44 . 0 =
r o
c h
546 . 2 = f
c
r
r

546 . 2
00682 . 0
61 . 4
=
|
\
|
f
00377 . 0 = f
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
3621
12
1500 22 . 9
12
= = =

( )( ) lb W f F 09 . 64 000 , 17 00377 . 0 = = =
( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
0 . 7
000 , 33
3621 09 . 64
000 , 33
= = =

571. The reaction on a 120
o
partial bearing is 2000 lb. The 3-in journal turns at
1140 rpm; . 003 . 0 in c
d
= ; the oil is SAE 20W at an average operating
temperature of 150 F. Plot curves for the minimum film thickness and the
frictional loss in the bearing against the ratio D L , using = D L 0.25, 0.5, 1,
and 2. (Note: This problem may be worked as a class problem with each
student being responsible for a particular D L ratio.)

Solution:
lb W 2000 =
. 3 in D =
rpm n 1140 =
rps n
s
19
60
1140
= =
in c
d
003 . 0 =
in c
r
0015 . 0 =
For SAE 20W, 150 F
reyn
6
10 75 . 2

=

(a) 25 . 0 =
D
L

Page 32 of 63
( ) in D L 75 . 0 3 25 . 0 25 . 0 = = =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 889
75 . 0 3
2000
= = =
Table AT 22, 25 . 0 =
D
L

in
D
r 5 . 1
2
= =
( )( )
0588 . 0
889
19 10 75 . 2
0015 . 0
5 . 1
6
2
2
=
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
p
n
c
r
S
s
r

083 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

( ) in h
o
000125 . 0 0015 . 0 083 . 0 = =
193 . 2 = f
c
r
r

193 . 2
0015 . 0
5 . 1
=
|
\
|
f
002193 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 386 . 4 2000 002193 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
895
12
1140 3
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
119 . 0
000 , 33
895 386 . 4
000 , 33
= = =
(b) 5 . 0 =
D
L

( ) in D L 5 . 1 3 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 444
5 . 1 3
2000
= = =
Table AT 22, 5 . 0 =
D
L

in
D
r 5 . 1
2
= =
( )( )
1177 . 0
444
19 10 75 . 2
0015 . 0
5 . 1
6
2
2
=
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
p
n
c
r
S
s
r

2159 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

( ) in h
o
000324 . 0 0015 . 0 2159 . 0 = =
35 . 2 = f
c
r
r

Page 33 of 63
35 . 2
0015 . 0
5 . 1
=
|
\
|
f
00235 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 7 . 4 2000 00235 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
895
12
1140 3
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
1275 . 0
000 , 33
895 7 . 4
000 , 33
= = =
(c) 1 =
D
L

in D L 3 = =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 222
3 3
2000
= = =
Table AT 22, 1 =
D
L

in
D
r 5 . 1
2
= =
( )( )
2354 . 0
222
19 10 75 . 2
0015 . 0
5 . 1
6
2
2
=
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
p
n
c
r
S
s
r

4658 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

( ) in h
o
000699 . 0 0015 . 0 4658 . 0 = =
634 . 2 = f
c
r
r

634 . 2
0015 . 0
5 . 1
=
|
\
|
f
002634 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 268 . 5 2000 002634 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
895
12
1140 3
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
1429 . 0
000 , 33
895 268 . 5
000 , 33
= = =
(d) 2 =
D
L

( ) in D L 6 3 2 2 = = =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 111
6 3
2000
= = =
Table AT 22, 2 =
D
L

Page 34 of 63
in
D
r 5 . 1
2
= =
( )( )
47 . 0
111
19 10 75 . 2
0015 . 0
5 . 1
6
2
2
=
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
p
n
c
r
S
s
r

718 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

( ) in h
o
00108 . 0 0015 . 0 718 . 0 = =
8118 . 3 = f
c
r
r

8118 . 3
0015 . 0
5 . 1
=
|
\
|
f
003812 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 624 . 7 2000 003812 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
895
12
1140 3
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
2068 . 0
000 , 33
895 624 . 7
000 , 33
= = =

D
L
in h
o
, fhp
0.25 0.000125 0.119
0.5 0.000324 0.128
1.0 0.000699 0.143
2.0 0.001080 0.207

Page 35 of 63
STEADY-STATE TEMPERATURE

572. A 180
o
partial bearing is subjected to a load of 12,000 lb.; . 8 8 in L D = ,
0015 . 0 = r c
r
, . 0024 . 0 in h
o
, rpm n 500 = . The air speed about the bearing
is expected to be in excess of 1000 fpm (on moving vehicle) and the effective
radiating area is DL 20 . Determine: (a) the eccentricity factor, (b) reyns, (c)
the frictional loss (ft-lb/min), (d) the estimated temperature of oil and bearing
( a self-contained oil-bath unit) for steady-state operation, and a suitable
oil.(e) Compute
o
t of the oil passing through the load-carrying area, remark
on its reasonableness, and decide upon whether some redesign is desirable.

Solution:
. 8 in D =
. 8 in L =
1 = D L
lb W 000 , 12 =
in
D
r 4
2
= =
( ) in r c
r
0060 . 0 4 0015 . 0 0015 . 0 = = =
4 . 0
0060 . 0
0024 . 0
= =
r
o
c
h

rpm n 500 =
rps n
s
33 . 8
60
500
= =
Table AT 21, 4 . 0 =
r o
c h , 1 = D L
128 . 0 = S
28 . 2 = f
c
r
r

4 . 12 =
p
t c
o

( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 5 . 187
8 8
000 , 12
= = =

(a) 6 . 0 4 . 0 1 1 = = =
r
o
c
h

(b)
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )
5 . 187
33 . 8
0060 . 0
4
128 . 0
2
\
|
= = S
reyn
6
10 5 . 6

=
Page 36 of 63
(c) 28 . 2 = f
c
r
r

28 . 2
0060 . 0
4
=
|
\
|
f
00342 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 04 . 41 000 , 12 00342 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
1047
12
500 8
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
302 . 1
000 , 33
1047 04 . 41
000 , 33
= = =
Frictional loss = 43,000 ft-lb/min

(d)
b b cr
t A h Q = ft-lb/min
min 000 , 43 lb ft Q =
r c cr
h h h + =
F in sq lb ft h
r
= . . min 108 . 0
4 . 0
6 . 0
017 . 0
D
v
h
a
c
= , fpm v
a
1000
( )
( )
F in sq lb ft h
c
= = . . min 467 . 0
8
1000
017 . 0
4 . 0
6 . 0

F in sq lb ft h
cr
= + = . . min 575 . 0 108 . 0 467 . 0
( )( ) . . 1280 8 8 20 20 in sq DL A
b
= = =
b b cr
t A h Q =
( )( )( )
b
t = 1280 575 . 0 000 , 43
F t
b
42 . 58 =
Oil-bath, 1000 fpm
( )( )( )
b oa
t t 3 . 1 2 . 1
( )( )( ) F t
oa
1 . 91 42 . 58 3 . 1 2 . 1 = =
assume 100 F ambient temperature
F F t
b
42 . 158 42 . 58 100 = + =
F F t
b
1 . 191 1 . 91 100 = + =

(c) 4 . 12 =
p
t c
o

( )
4 . 12
5 . 187
112
=
o
t

F t
o
8 . 20 =
Solve for
2 o
t
Page 37 of 63
( ) F t t
o o
2 . 382 1 . 191 2
2 1
= = +
2 1
2 . 382
o o
t t =
F t t
o o
8 . 20
1 2
=
8 . 20 2 . 362
2 2
= +
o o
t t
F F t
o
200 5 . 201
2
=
not reasonable since the oil oxidizes more rapidly above 200 F, a redesign is
desireable.

573. A 2 x 2-in. full bearing (ring-oiled) has a clearance ratio 001 . 0 = D c
d
. The
journal speed is 500 rpm, reyn
6
10 4 . 3

= , and . 0005 . 0 in h
o
= The ambient
temperature is 100 F; DL A
b
25 = , and the transmittance is taken as
F ft sq hr Btu h
cr
= . . 2 . Calculate (a) the total load for this condition; (b)
the frictional loss, (c) the average temperature of the oil for steady-state
operation. Is this temperature satisfactory? (d) For the temperature found,
what oil do you recommend? For this oil will
o
h be less or greater than the
specified value? (e) Compute the temperature rise of the oil as it passes
through the bearing. Is this compatible with other temperatures found? (f)
What minimum quantity of oil should the ring deliver to the bearing?

Solution:
. 2 in L =
. 2 in D =
001 . 0 = D c
d

( )( ) in c
d
0020 . 0 2 001 . 0 = =
reyn
6
10 4 . 3

=
. 0005 . 0 in h
o
=
in c
r
0010 . 0 =

5 . 0 0010 . 0 0005 . 0 = =
r o
c h

Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 5 . 0 =
r o
c h , Full Bearing
1925 . 0 = S
505 . 4 = f
c
r
r

16 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

25 . 19 =
p
t c
o

(a) 1925 . 0 = S
Page 38 of 63
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
in
D
r 1
2
= =
rps n
s
33 . 8
60
500
= =
( )( )
p
S
330 . 8 10 4 . 3
0010 . 0
1
1925 . 0
6
2
\
|
= =
psi p 147 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 588 2 2 147 = = =

(b) 505 . 4 = f
c
r
r

505 . 4
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
004505 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 649 . 2 588 004505 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
8 . 261
12
500 2
12
= = =

( )( ) min 5 . 693 8 . 261 649 . 2 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =

(c)
b b cr
t A h Q =
F in sq lb ft F ft sq hr Btu h
cr
= = . . min 18 . 0 . . 2
( )( ) . . 100 2 2 25 25 in sq DL A
b
= = =
f
U Q =
( )( )( ) 5 . 693 100 18 . 0 =
b
t
F t
b
53 . 38 =
( ) F t t
b oa
77 53 . 38 2 2 = = =
F t
o
177 100 77 = + = , near 160 F
satisfactory.

(d) F t
o
177 = , reyn
6
10 4 . 3

=
Figure AF 16
Use SAE 40 oil, reyn
6
10 3 . 3

=
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
Page 39 of 63
( )( )
187 . 0
147
33 . 8 10 3 . 3
0010 . 0
1
6
2
=
\
|
=
S
Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 187 . 0 = S
4923 . 0 =
r o
c h
( ) ( ) in h in h
o o
0005 . 0 00049 . 0 0010 . 0 4923 . 0 = < = =
(e) 25 . 19 =
p
t c
o

( )
25 . 19
147
112
=
o
t

F t
o
3 . 25 =
( ) F t t
o o
354 177 2
2 1
= = +
F t t
o o
3 . 25
1 2
=
3 . 25 354 2
2
+ =
o
t
F F t
o
200 190
2
< =
compatible.

(f) 16 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

( )( )( )( )
16 . 4
2 33 . 8 001 . 0 1
=
q

sec 0693 . 0
3
in q =

574. An 8 x 9-in. full bearing (consider 1 = D L for table and chart use only)
supports 15 kips with rpm n 1200 = ; 0012 . 0 = r c
r
; construction is medium
heavy with a radiating-and-convecting area of about DL 18 ; air flow about the
bearing of 80 fpm may be counted on (nearby) pulley; ambient temperature is
90 F. Decide upon a suitable minimum film thickness. (a) Compute the
frictional loss and the steady state temperature. Is additional cooling needed
for a reasonable temperature? Determine (b) the temperature rise of the oil as
it passes through the load-carrying area and the grade of oil to be used if it
enters the bearing at 130 F, (c) the quantity of oil needed.

Solution:
. 8 in D =
. 9 in L =
. 000 , 15 lb W =
. 1200 rpm n =
rps n
s
20
60
1200
= =
0012 . 0 = r c
r

Page 40 of 63
in D r 4 2 = =
( ) in c
r
0048 . 0 4 0012 . 0 = =
By Norton: ( ) in D h
o
002 . 0 8 00025 . 0 00025 . 0 = = =
4 . 0
0048 . 0
002 . 0
= =
r
o
c
h

Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 4 . 0 =
r o
c h
121 . 0 = S
22 . 3 = f
c
r
r

33 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

2 . 14 =
p
t c
o

(a) 22 . 3 = f
c
r
r

22 . 3
0048 . 0
4
=
|
\
|
f
003864 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 96 . 57 000 , 15 003864 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
2513
12
1200 8
12
= = =

( )( ) min 654 , 145 2513 96 . 57 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =
b b cr
t A h Q =
F in sq lb ft h
r
= . . min 108 . 0
F in sq lb ft
D
v
h
a
c
= . . min 017 . 0
4 . 0
6 . 0

( )
( )
F in sq lb ft h
c
= = . . min 103 . 0
8
80
017 . 0
4 . 0
6 . 0

F in sq lb ft h h h
r c cr
= + = + = . . min 211 . 0 108 . 0 103 . 0
( )( ) . . 1296 9 8 18 18 in sq DL A
b
= = =
Q U
f
=
( )( )
b
t = 1296 211 . 0 654 , 145
F t
b
533 = , very high, additional cooling is necessary.

(b) 2 . 14 =
p
t c
o

Page 41 of 63
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 208
9 8
000 , 15
= = =
( )
2 . 14
208
112
=
o
t

F t
o
26 =
F t
i
130 =
F t
o
156 =
( ) F t
ave
143 156 130
2
1
= + =
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )
208
20
0048 . 0
4
121 . 0
2
\
|
= = S
reyn
6
10 8 . 1

=
Figure AF 16, reyns 8 . 1 = , 143 F
Use SAE 10W

(c) 33 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

( )( )( )( )
33 . 4
9 20 0048 . 0 4
=
q

sec 96 . 14
3
in q =

575. A 3.5 x 3.5-in., 360
o
bearing has 0012 . 0 = r c
r
; rpm n 300 = ; desired
minimum in h
o
0007 . 0 . It is desired that the bearing be self-contained (oil-
ring); air-circulation of 80 fpm is expected; heavy construction, so that
DL A
b
25 . For the first look at the bearing, assume reyn
6
10 8 . 2

= and
compute (a) the frictional loss (ft-lb/min), (b) the average temperature of the
bearing and oil as obtained for steady-state operation, (c)
o
t as the oil passes
through the load-carrying area (noting whether comparative values are
reasonable). (d) Select an oil for the steady-state temperature and decide
whether there will be any overheating troubles.

Solution:
. 5 . 3 in D =
. 5 . 3 in L =
0012 . 0 = r c
r

. 75 . 1 2 in D r = =
( )( ) in c
r
0021 . 0 75 . 1 0012 . 0 = =
in h
o
0007 . 0
Page 42 of 63
333 . 0 0021 . 0 0007 . 0 = =
r o
c h
Table AT 20, 360
o
Bearing, 1 = D L , 333 . 0 =
r o
c h
0954 . 0 = S
71 . 2 = f
c
r
r

12 . 12 =
p
t c
o

(a)
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
rps n
s
5
60
300
= =
reyn
6
10 8 . 2

=
( )( )
p
S
5 10 8 . 2
0021 . 0
75 . 1
0954 . 0
6
2
\
|
= =
psi p 102 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 1250 5 . 3 5 . 3 102 = = =
71 . 2 = f
c
r
r

71 . 2
0021 . 0
75 . 1
=
|
\
|
f
00325 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 0625 . 4 1250 00325 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
275
12
300 5 . 3
12
= = =

( )( ) min 1117 275 0625 . 4 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =

(b)
b b cr
t A h Q =
F in sq lb ft h
r
= . . min 108 . 0
F in sq lb ft
D
v
h
a
c
= . . min 017 . 0
4 . 0
6 . 0

( )
( )
F in sq lb ft h
c
= = . . min 143 . 0
5 . 3
80
017 . 0
4 . 0
6 . 0

F in sq lb ft h h h
r c cr
= + = + = . . min 251 . 0 108 . 0 143 . 0
( )( ) . . 25 . 306 5 . 3 5 . 3 25 25 in sq DL A
b
= = =
Q U
f
=
( )( )
b
t = 25 . 306 251 . 0 1117
Page 43 of 63
F t
b
5 . 14 =
( ) F t t
b oa
29 5 . 14 2 2 = = =
assume ambient temperature of 100 F
F t
b
5 . 114 =
F t
o
129 =

(c) 12 . 12 =
p
t c
o

( )
12 . 12
102
112
=
o
t

F t
o
11 =
( ) F t t
o o
258 129 2
2 1
= = +
F t t
o o
11
1 2
=
F t
o
269 2
2
=
F F t
o
140 135
2
< =
reasonable

(d) F t
o
129 = , reyn
6
10 8 . 2

=
use SAE 10W
Figure AF 16, F t
o
126 =
F t
oa
26 100 126 = =
b oa
t t = 2
F t
b
13
2
26
= =
( )( )( )
f b b cr
U lb ft t A h Q < = = = min 999 13 25 . 306 251 . 0
there is an overheating problem.

576. A 10-in. full journal for a steam-turbine rotor that turns 3600 rpm supports a
20-kip load with psi p 200 = ; 00133 . 0 = r c
r
. The oil is to have
reyn
6
10 06 . 2

= at an average oil temperature of 130 F. Compute (a) the
minimum film thickness (comment on its adequacy), (b) the fhp, (c) the
altitude angle, the maximum pressure, and the quantity of oil that passes
through the load-carrying area (gpm).(d) At what temperature must the oil be
introduced in order to have 130 F average? (e) Estimate the amount of heat
lost by natural means from the bearing (considered oil bath) with air speed of
300 fpm. If the amount of oil flow computed above is cooled back to the
entering temperature, how much heat is removed? Is this total amount of heat
enough to care for frictional loss? If not, what can be done (i11.21)?

Page 44 of 63
Solution:
. 10 in D =
rpm n 3600 =
rps n
s
60
60
3600
= =
lb W 000 , 20 =
psi p 200 =
DL
W
p =
L 10
000 , 20
200 =
in L 10 =
1 = D L
in
D
r 5
2
= =
00133 . 0 = r c
r

( ) in c
r
00665 . 0 5 00133 . 0 = =
reyn
6
10 06 . 2

=
F t
ave
130 =
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
35 . 0
200
60 10 06 . 2
00665 . 0
5
6
2
=
\
|
=
S
Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 35 . 0 = S
647 . 0 =
r o
c h
o
66 . 65 =
433 . 7 = f
c
r
r

90 . 3 =
L n rc
q
s r

495 . 0
max
=
p
p

8 . 30 =
p
t c
o

446 . 0 =
q
q
s

(a) ( ) in c h
r o
00430 . 0 00665 . 0 647 . 0 647 . 0 = = =
Page 45 of 63
Nortons recommendation = ( ) in in D 00430 . 0 00250 . 0 10 00025 . 0 00025 . 0 < = =
adequate

(b) 433 . 7 = f
c
r
r

433 . 7
00665 . 0
5
=
|
\
|
f
0099 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 198 000 , 20 0099 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
9425
12
3600 10
12
= = =

( )( )
hp
Fv
fhp
m
55 . 56
000 , 33
9425 198
000 , 33
= = =

(c)
o
66 . 65 =
psi
p
p 404
495 . 0
200
495 . 0
max
= = =
L n rc q
s r
90 . 3 =
( )( )( )( ) sec 805 . 77 10 60 00665 . 0 5 90 . 3
3
in q = =
( )( )( ) gpm in gpm in q 21 . 0 min sec 60 231 1 sec 805 . 77
3 3
= =

(d) 8 . 30 =
p
t c
o

( )
8 . 30
200
112
=
o
t

F t
o
55 =
2
o
i ave
t
t t

+ =
2
55
130 + =
i
t
F t
i
5 . 102 =
(e)
b b cr
t A h Q =
F in sq lb ft h
r
= . . min 108 . 0
F in sq lb ft
D
v
h
a
c
= . . min 017 . 0
4 . 0
6 . 0

( )
( )
F in sq lb ft h
c
= = . . min 207 . 0
5 . 3
300
017 . 0
4 . 0
6 . 0

F in sq lb ft h h h
r c cr
= + = + = . . min 315 . 0 108 . 0 207 . 0
Assume
Page 46 of 63
( )( ) . . 2500 10 10 25 25 in sq DL A
b
= = =
F t
oa
30 100 130 = =
b oa
t t = 3 . 1
F t
b
23
3 . 1
30
= =
( )( )( ) min 113 , 18 23 2500 315 . 0 lb ft Q = =
( ) sec lb in t q q c Q
o s r
=
( )( )( )( )( )( ) min 602 , 327 , 1 60 12 1 55 805 . 77 446 . 0 1 112 lb ft Q
r
= =
min 735 , 345 , 1 602 , 327 , 1 113 , 18 lb ft Q Q Q
r T
= + = + =
( )( )
T m f
Q lb ft Fv U > = = = min 150 , 866 , 1 9425 198
not enough to care for frictional loss, use pressure feed (i11.21).

DESIGN PROBLEMS

578. A 3.5-in. full bearing on an air compressor is to be designed for a load of 1500
lb.; rpm n 300 = ; let 1 = D L . Probably a medium running for would be
satisfactory. Design for an average clearance that is decided by considering both
Table 3.1 and 11.1. Choose a reasonable
o
h , say one that gives 5 . 0
r o
c h .
Compute all parameters that are available via the Text after you have decided on
details. It is desired that the bearing operate at a reasonable steady-state
temperature (perhaps ring-oiled medium construction), without special cooling.
Specify the oil to be used and show all calculations to support your conclusions.
What could be the magnitude of the maximum impulsive load if the eccentricity
ration becomes 0.8, squeeze effect ignored?

Solution:
1 = D L
in D 5 . 3 =
in L 5 . 3 =
lb W 1500 =
rpm n 300 =
rps n
s
5
60
300
= =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 45 . 122
5 . 3 5 . 3
1500
= = =
Table 3.1, medium running fit,
in D 5 . 3 =
RC 5 or RC 6
Use RC 6
Average in c
d
0052 . 0 =
Page 47 of 63
Table 11.1, air-compressor
General Machine Practice
Average in c
d
0055 . 0 =
Using in c
d
0055 . 0 =
in c
r
00275 . 0 =
( ) in c h
r o
001375 . 0 00275 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =
Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 5 . 0 =
r o
c h
5 . 0 =
1925 . 0 = S
o
84 . 56 =
505 . 4 = f
c
r
r

16 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

25 . 19 =
p
t c
o

4995 . 0
max
=
p
p

Specifying oil:
b b cr
t A h Q =
m f
Fv U =
505 . 4 = f
c
r
r

505 . 4
00275 . 0
75 . 1
=
|
\
|
f
00708 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 62 . 10 1500 00708 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
275
12
300 5 . 3
12
= = =

( )( ) min 2921 275 62 . 10 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =
b b cr
t A h Q =
Assume F in sq lb ft h
cr
= . . min 516 . 0
Medium construction
( )( ) . . 875 . 189 5 . 3 5 . 3 5 . 15 5 . 15 in sq DL A
b
= = =
Oil-ring bearing
b oa
t t = 2
f
U Q =
( )( )( ) 2921 875 . 189 516 . 0 =
b
t
Page 48 of 63
F t
b
30 =
( ) F t t
b oa
60 30 2 2 = = =
assume ambient temperature = 90 F
F t
o
150 =
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )
45 . 122
5
00275 . 0
75 . 1
1925 . 0
2
\
|
= = S
reyn
6
10 6 . 11

=
Figure AF 16, 150 F, reyn
6
10 6 . 11

Use SAE 70 oil

Maximum load, W with 8 . 0 =
Table AT 20, 1 = D L
0446 . 0 = S
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
p
S
5 10 6 . 11
00275 . 0
75 . 1
0446 . 0
6
2
\
|
= =
psi p 527 =
( )( )( ) 6456 5 . 3 5 . 3 527 = = = pDL W

580. A 2500-kva generator, driven by a water wheel, operates at 900 rpm. The weight
of the rotor and shaft is 15,100 lb. The left-hand, 5 in, full bearing supports the
larger load, lb R 8920 = . The bearing should be above medium-heavy
construction (for estimating
b
A ). (a) Decide upon an average clearance
considering both Table 3.1 and 11.1, and upon a minimum film thickness
( 5 . 0
r o
c h is on the safer side). (b) Investigate first the possibility of the
bearing being a self-contained unit without need of special cooling. Not much air
movement about the bearing is expected. Then make final decisions concerning
oil-clearance, and film thickness and compute all the parameters given in the text,
being sure that everything is reasonable.

Solution:
rpm n 900 =
rps n
s
15
60
900
= =
in D 5 =
lb R W 8920 = =

Page 49 of 63
(a) Table 3.1, in D 5 =
RC 5, average in c
d
0051 . 0 =
in c
r
00255 . 0 =
( ) in c h
r o
00128 . 0 00255 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = =

(b) Use 1 = D L
in L 5 =
in
D
r 5 . 2
2
= =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 8 . 356
5 5
8920
= = =
Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 5 . 0 =
r o
c h
1925 . 0 = S
505 . 4 = f
c
r
r

16 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

25 . 19 =
p
t c
o

p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )
8 . 356
15
00255 . 0
5 . 2
1925 . 0
2
\
|
= = S
reyn
6
10 8 . 4

=
505 . 4 = f
c
r
r

505 . 4
00255 . 0
5 . 2
=
|
\
|
f
00460 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 032 . 41 8920 00460 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
1178
12
900 5
12
= = =

( )( ) min 336 , 48 1178 032 . 41 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =
b b cr
t A h Q =
Medium-Heavy
( )( ) . . 25 . 506 5 5 25 . 20 25 . 20 in sq DL A
b
= = =
Assume F in sq lb ft h
cr
= . . min 516 . 0
f
U Q =
Page 50 of 63
( )( )( ) 336 , 48 25 . 506 516 . 0 =
b
t
F t
b
185 = , very high
Therefore, special cooling is needed.
25 . 19 =
p
t c
o

( )
25 . 19
8 . 356
112
=
o
t

F t
o
61 =
Assume F t
i
100 =
F t
ave
130
2
61
100 + =
Figure AF 16, reyns 8 . 4 = , 130 F
Select SAE 30 oil. reyns 0 . 6 =
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
242 . 0
8 . 356
15 10 0 . 6
00255 . 0
5 . 2
6
2
=
\
|
=
S
Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 242 . 0 = S
SAE 30 oil at 130 F
569 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

o
17 . 61 =
395 . 5 = f
c
r
r

04 . 4 =
L n rc
q
s r

75 . 22 =
p
t c
o

4734 . 0
max
=
p
p

Oil, SAE 30
in c
r
00255 . 0 =
( ) in h
o
00145 . 0 00255 . 0 569 . 0 = =

PRESSURE FEED

581. An 8 x 8-in. full bearing supports 5 kips at 600 rpm of the journal; . 006 . 0 in c
r
= ;
let the average reyn
6
10 5 . 2

= . (a) Compute the frictional loss
f
U . (b) The
Page 51 of 63
oil is supplied under a 40-psi gage pressure with a longitudinal groove at the
point of entry. Assuming that other factors, including
f
U , remain the same and
that the heat loss to the surrounding is negligible, determine the average
temperature rise of the circulating oil.

Solution:
in L 5 =
in D 5 =
lb W 5000 =
rpm n 600 =
rps n
s
10
60
600
= =
in c
r
006 . 0 =
reyn
6
10 5 . 2

=
1 = D L
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 125 . 78
8 8
5000
= = =
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
1422 . 0
125 . 78
10 10 5 . 2
006 . 0
4
6
2
=
\
|
=
S

(a) Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 1422 . 0 = S
6 . 3 = f
c
r
r
, 57 . 0 =
6 . 3
006 . 0
4
=
|
\
|
f
0054 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 27 5000 0054 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
1257
12
600 8
12
= = =

( )( ) min 940 , 33 1257 27 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =

(b) Longitudinal Groove.
( ) sec 5 . 1 1
2
tan
3
5 . 2
3 2 1
3
in
L
r p c
q
i r
+
|
\
|
=

psi p
i
40 =
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) [ ] sec 57 . 0 5 . 1 1
8
4 2
tan
10 5 . 2 3
40 006 . 0
5 . 2
3 2 1
6
3
in q +
(

Page 52 of 63
sec 41 . 5
3
in q =
o f
t cq U =
( )( )( ) ( )( )
o
t ft in lb ft = 41 . 5 12 sec 60 min 1 12 min 940 , 33
F t
o
2 . 11 =

583. A 4-in. 360
o
bearing, with 1 = D L , supports 2.5 kips with a minimum film of
. 0008 . 0 in h
o
= , . 01 . 0 in c
d
= , . 600 rpm n = The average temperature rise of the oil
is to be about 25 F. Compute the pressure at which oil should be pumped into the
bearing if (a) all bearing surfaces are smooth, (b) there is a longitudinal groove at
the oil-hole inlet. (c) same as (a) except that there is a 360
o
circumferential
groove dividing the bearing into 2-in. lengths.

Solution:
in D 4 =
in L 4 =
in r 2 =
lb W 2500 =
in c
d
010 . 0 =
in c
r
005 . 0 =
rpm n 600 =
rps n
s
10
60
600
= =
F t
o
25 =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 25 . 156
4 4
2500
= = =
in h
o
00080 . 0 =
16 . 0
005 . 0
0008 . 0
= =
r
o
c
h

Table AT 20, 1 = D L , 16 . 0 =
r o
c h
44 . 1 = f
c
r
r
, 84 . 0 =
44 . 1
005 . 0
2
=
|
\
|
f
0036 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 9 2500 0036 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
628
12
600 4
12
= = =

( )( ) sec 1130 min 5652 628 9 lb in lb ft Fv U
m f
= = = =
0343 . 0 = S
Page 53 of 63
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
( )
25 . 156
10
005 . 0
2
0343 . 0
2
\
|
= = S
reyn
6
10 35 . 3

=
o f
t cq U =
( )( )( ) 25 112 1130 q =
sec 404 . 0
3
in q =

(a) Smooth

( ) sec 5 . 1 1
2
tan
3
3 2 1
3
in
L
r p c
q
i r
+
|
\
|
=

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) [ ] sec 84 . 0 5 . 1 1
4
2 2
tan
10 35 . 3 3
005 . 0
404 . 0
3 2 1
6
3
in
p
i
+
(

psi p
i
5 . 12 =
(b) Longitudinal groove

( ) sec 5 . 1 1
2
tan
3
5 . 2
3 2 1
3
in
L
r p c
q
i r
+
|
\
|
=

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) [ ] sec 84 . 0 5 . 1 1
4
2 2
tan
10 35 . 3 3
005 . 0 5 . 2
404 . 0
3 2 1
6
3
in
p
i
+
(

psi p
i
5 =
(c) Circumferential groove

( ) sec 5 . 1 1
3
2
3 2
3
in
L
p rc
q
i r
+ =
( )( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) [ ] sec 84 . 0 5 . 1 1
4 10 35 . 3 3
005 . 0 2 2
404 . 0
3 2
6
3
in
p
i
+

psi p
i
5 =

BEARING CAPS

584. An 8-in. journal, supported on a 150
o
partial bearing, is turning at 500 rpm;
bearing length = 10.5 in., in c
d
0035 . 0 = ., in h
o
00106 . 0 = . The average
temperature of the SAE 20 oil is 170 F. Estimate the frictional loss in a 160
o
cap
for this bearing.

Solution:
Page 54 of 63
in h
o
00106 . 0 =
in c
d
0035 . 0 =
in c
r
00175 . 0 =
in
c
h
c h
r
o
r av
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
1 74 . 0 1
( ) in h
av
00195 . 0
00175 . 0
00106 . 0
1 74 . 0 1 00175 . 0
2
=
(
(
\
|
+ =
For SAE 20, 170 F
reyn
6
10 7 . 1

=
av
ips
h
Av
F
=
DL A
2
1
=
in D 8 =
in L 5 . 10 =
9
8
180
160
160

= = =
o

( )( ) . . 3 . 117 5 . 10 8
9
8
2
1
in sq A =
|
\
|
=

( ) ips Dn v
s ips
5 . 209
60
500
8 =
|
\
|
= =
( )( )( )
lb F 424 . 21
00195 . 0
5 . 209 3 . 117 10 7 . 1
6
=

( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
1047
12
500 8
12
= = =

( )( ) sec 1130 min 430 , 22 1047 424 . 21 lb in lb ft Fv U
m f
= = = =

585. A partial 160
o
bearing has a 160
o
cap; in D 2 = .,
in L 2 = ., in c
d
002 . 0 = ., in h
o
0007 . 0 = ., rpm n 500 = , and reyn
6
10 5 . 2

= .
For the cap only, what is the frictional loss?

Solution:
in c
d
002 . 0 =
in c
r
001 . 0 =
in h
o
0007 . 0 =
7 . 0
001 . 0
0007 . 0
= =
r
o
c
h

Page 55 of 63
3 . 0 7 . 0 1 1 = = =
r
o
c
h

( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] in c h
r av
001067 . 0 3 . 0 74 . 0 1 001 . 0 74 . 0 1
2 2
= + = + =
av
ips
h
Av
F
=
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
8 . 261
12
500 2
12
= = =

( ) ips v
ips
36 . 52
60
12
8 . 261 =
|
\
|
=
( )( )( ) . . 585 . 5 2 2
180
160
2
1
180
160
2
1
in sq DL A =
|
\
|
=
|
\
|
=
( )( )( )
lb F 685 . 0
001067 . 0
36 . 52 585 . 5 10 5 . 2
6
=

( )( ) min 3 . 179 8 . 261 685 . 0 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =

586. The central reaction on a 120
o
partial bearing is 10 kips; in D 8 = .,
1 = D L ., 001 . 0 = r c
r
. Let rpm n 400 = and reyn
6
10 4 . 3

= . The bearing has
a 150
o
cap. (a) For the bearing and the cap, compute the total frictional loss by
adding the loss in the cap to that in the bearing. (b) If the bearing were 360
o
,
instead of partial, calculate the frictional loss and compare.

Solution:
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
rps n
s
67 . 6
60
400
= =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 25 . 156
8 8
000 , 10
= = =
( )( )
145 . 0
25 . 156
67 . 6 10 4 . 3
001 . 0
1
6
2
=
\
|
=
S
(a) Table AT 22, 1 = D L , 145 . 0 = S
021 . 2 = f
c
r
r

6367 . 0 =
021 . 2 = f
c
r
r

021 . 2
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
002021 . 0 = f
Page 56 of 63
( )( ) lb W f F 21 . 20 000 , 10 002021 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
838
12
400 8
12
= = =

( )( ) min 936 , 16 838 21 . 20
1
lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =
CAP:
( )
2
74 . 0 1 + =
r av
c h
r c
r
001 . 0 =
in
D
r 4
2
= =
( ) in c
r
004 . 0 4 001 . 0 = =
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] in c h
r av
0052 . 0 6367 . 0 74 . 0 1 004 . 0 74 . 0 1
2 2
= + = + =
av
ips
h
Av
F
=
( ) ips v
ips
6 . 167
60
12
838 =
|
\
|
=
( )( )( ) . . 78 . 83 8 8
180
150
2
1
180
150
2
1
in sq DL A =
|
\
|
=
|
\
|
=
( )( )( )
lb F 18 . 9
0052 . 0
6 . 167 78 . 83 10 4 . 3
6
=

( )( ) min 7693 838 18 . 9
2
lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =
Total Frictional Loss
= min 629 , 24 7693 936 , 16
2 1
lb ft U U
f f
= + = +
(b) 360
o
Bearing, 1 = D L , 145 . 0 = S
65 . 3 = f
c
r
r

5664 . 0 =
BEARING:
65 . 3
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
00365 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 5 . 36 000 , 10 00365 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
838
12
400 8
12
= = =

( )( ) min 587 , 30 838 5 . 36
1
lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =
CAP:
( )
2
74 . 0 1 + =
r av
c h
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] in c h
r av
00495 . 0 5664 . 0 74 . 0 1 004 . 0 74 . 0 1
2 2
= + = + =
Page 57 of 63
av
ips
h
Av
F
=
( )( )( )
lb F 645 . 9
00495 . 0
6 . 167 78 . 83 10 4 . 3
6
=

( )( ) min 8083 838 645 . 9
2
lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =
= min 670 , 38 8083 587 , 30
2 1
lb ft U U
f f
= + = +

587. The central reaction on a 120
o
partial bearing is a 10 kips; . 8 in D = , 1 = D L ,
001 . 0 = r c
r
; rpm n 1200 = . Let reyn
6
10 5 . 2

= . The bearing has a 160
o
cap.
(a) Compute
o
h and fhp for the bearing and for the cap to get the total fhp. (b)
Calculate the fhp for a full bearing of the same dimensions and compare.
Determine (c) the needed rate of flow into the bearing, (d) the side leakage
s
q .
(e) the temperature rise of the oil in the bearing both by equation (o), i11.13,
Text, and by Table AT 22. (f) What is the heat loss from the bearing if the oil
temperature is 180 F? Is the natural heat loss enough to cool the bearing? (g) It is
desired to pump oil through the bearing with a temperature rise of 12 F. How
much oil is required? (h) For the oil temperature in (f), what is a suitable oil to
use?

Solution:
p
n
c
r
S
s
r
2
|
|
\
|
=
rps n
s
20
60
1200
= =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 25 . 156
8 8
000 , 10
= = =
( )( )
32 . 0
25 . 156
20 10 5 . 2
001 . 0
1
6
2
=
\
|
=
S
(a) Table AT 22, 1 = D L , 32 . 0 = S
5417 . 0 =
4583 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

18 . 3 = f
c
r
r

60 . 2 =
L n rc
q
s r

Page 58 of 63
305 . 0 =
q
q
s

834 . 17 =
p
t c
o

38434 . 0
max
=
p
p

( )( ) in c h
r o
00183 . 0 4 001 . 0 4583 . 0 4583 . 0 = = =
BEARING:
18 . 3 = f
c
r
r

18 . 3
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
00318 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 8 . 31 000 , 10 00318 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
2513
12
1200 8
12
= = =

( )( ) min 913 , 79 2513 8 . 31
1
lb ft Fv U
m f
= = = , hp 42 . 2
CAP:
( )
2
74 . 0 1 + =
r av
c h
r c
r
001 . 0 =
in
D
r 4
2
= =
( ) in c
r
004 . 0 4 001 . 0 = =
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] in c h
r av
00487 . 0 5417 . 0 74 . 0 1 004 . 0 74 . 0 1
2 2
= + = + =
av
ips
h
Av
F
=
( ) ips v
ips
503
60
12
2513 =
|
\
|
=
( )( )( ) . . 36 . 89 8 8
180
160
2
1
180
160
2
1
in sq DL A =
|
\
|
=
|
\
|
=
( )( )( )
lb F 1 . 23
00487 . 0
5036 36 . 89 10 5 . 2
6
=

( )( ) min 050 , 58 2513 1 . 23
2
lb ft Fv U
m f
= = = , hp 76 . 1
= min 963 , 137 050 , 58 913 , 79
2 1
lb ft U U
f f
= + = +
hp
U
fhp
f
18 . 4
000 , 33
963 , 137
000 , 33
= = =
(b) Full Bearing, 1 = D L , 32 . 0 = S
Page 59 of 63
Table AT 20
6305 . 0 =
r
o
c
h

86 . 6 = f
c
r
r

3695 . 0 =
( ) in h
o
002522 . 0 004 . 0 6305 . 0 = =
BEARING:
86 . 6 = f
c
r
r

86 . 6
001 . 0
1
=
|
\
|
f
00686 . 0 = f
( )( ) lb W f F 6 . 68 000 , 10 00686 . 0 = = =
( )( ) min 392 , 172 2513 6 . 68
1
lb ft Fv U
m f
= = = , hp 224 . 5
CAP:
( )
2
74 . 0 1 + =
r av
c h
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] in c h
r av
00440 . 0 3695 . 0 74 . 0 1 004 . 0 74 . 0 1
2 2
= + = + =
av
ips
h
Av
F
=
( )( )( )
lb F 54 . 25
00440 . 0
503 36 . 89 10 5 . 2
6
=

( )( ) min 182 , 64 2513 54 . 25
2
lb ft Fv U
m f
= = = , hp 946 . 1
= min 574 , 236 182 , 64 392 , 172
2 1
lb ft U U
f f
= + = +
hp
U
fhp
f
17 . 7
000 , 33
574 , 236
000 , 33
= = =

(c) 120
o
Bearing
60 . 2 =
L n rc
q
s r

( )( )( )( )
60 . 2
8 20 004 . 0 4
=
q

sec 656 . 6
3
in q =
(d) 305 . 0 =
q
q
s

305 . 0
656 . 6
=
s
q

Page 60 of 63
sec 03 . 2
3
in q
s
=

(e) Equation(o)
o f
t cq U =
1

sec 983 , 15 sec
60
12
913 , 79 min 913 , 79
1
lb in lb in lb ft U
f
=
|
\
|
= =
( )( )
o f
t U = = 656 . 6 112 983 , 15
1

F t
o
4 . 21 =
Table 22.
834 . 17 =
p
t c
o

834 . 17
25 . 156
112
=
o
t

F t
o
9 . 24 =

(f)
b b cr
t A h Q =
assume F in sq lb ft h
cr
= . . min 516 . 0
( )( ) . . 1600 8 8 25 25 in sq DL A
b
= = =
2
oa
b
t
t

=
assume ambient = 100 F
F t
b
40
2
100 180
=
=
( )( )( )
1
min 024 , 33 40 1600 516 . 0
f
U lb ft Q < = =
Therefore not enough to cool the bearing.

(g)
2 1 f f r
U U Q Q + = +
963 , 137 024 , 33 = +
r
Q
min 939 , 104 lb ft Q
r
=
sec 988 , 20 lb in Q
r
=
o r
t cq Q =
( ) ( ) 12 112 988 , 20 q =
sec 62 . 15
3
in q =

(h) Fig. AF 16, 180 F, reyn
6
10 5 . 2

=

use SAE 30 oil

Page 61 of 63
IMPERFECT LUBRICATION:

588. A 0.5 x 0.75-in. journal turns at 1140 rpm. What maximum load may be
supported and what is the frictional loss if the bearing is (a) SAE Type I, bronze
base, sintered bearing, (b) nylon (Zytel) water lubricated, (c) Teflon, with
intermittent use, (d) one with carbon graphite inserts.

Solution:
(a) 12 . 0 = f
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
23 . 149
12
1140 5 . 0
12
= = =

000 , 50 =
m
pv
( ) 000 , 50 23 . 149 = p
psi p 335 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 126 75 . 0 5 . 0 335 = = =
( )( ) lb W f F 12 . 15 126 12 . 0 = = =
( )( ) min 2256 23 . 149 12 . 15 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =

(b) 18 . 0 ~ 14 . 0 = f , use 16 . 0 = f
2500 =
m
pv , water
( ) 2500 23 . 149 = p
psi p 75 . 16 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 28 . 6 75 . 0 5 . 0 75 . 16 = = =
( )( ) lb W f F 005 . 1 28 . 6 16 . 0 = = =
( )( ) min 150 23 . 149 005 . 1 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =

(c) fpm v
m
100 >
25 . 0 = f
000 , 20 =
m
pv , intermittent
( ) 000 , 20 23 . 149 = p
psi p 134 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 25 . 50 75 . 0 5 . 0 134 = = =
( )( ) lb W f F 5625 . 12 25 . 50 25 . 0 = = =
( )( ) min 1875 23 . 149 5625 . 12 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =

(d) 000 , 15 =
m
pv
( ) 000 , 15 23 . 149 = p
psi p 5 . 100 =
( )( )( ) lb pDL W 69 . 37 75 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 100 = = =
assume 20 . 0 = f
Page 62 of 63
( )( ) lb W f F 54 . 7 69 . 37 20 . 0 = = =
( )( ) min 1125 23 . 149 54 . 7 lb ft Fv U
m f
= = =

590. A bearing to support a load of 150 lb at 800 rpm is needed; . 1in D = ; semi-
lubricated. Decide upon a material and length of bearing, considering sintered
metals, Zytel, Teflon, and graphite inserts.

Solution:
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
44 . 209
12
800 1
12
= = =

assume, in D L 1 = =
( )( )
psi
DL
W
p 150
1 1
150
= = =
( )( ) 416 , 31 44 . 209 150 = =
m
pv
Use sintered metal, limit 000 , 50 =
m
pv

THRUST BEARINGS

592. A 4-in. shaft has on it an axial load of 8000 lb., taken by a collar thrust
bearing made up of five collars, each with an outside diameter of 6 in. The
shaft turns 150 rpm. Compute (a) the average bearing pressure, (b) the
approximate work of friction.

Solution:

(a)
( )
( )
psi
D
W
p
o
283
6
8000 4 4
2 2
= = =

(b) assume 065 . 0 = f , average
( )( ) lb W f F 520 8000 065 . 0 = = =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
81 . 117
12
150 3
12
= = =

( )( )( ) min 306 , 306 81 . 117 520 5 lb ft nFv U
m f
= = =

593. A 4-in. shaft, turning at 175 rpm, is supported on a step bearing. The bearing
area is annular, with a 4-in. outside diameter and a 3/4 in. inside diameter.
Take the allowable average bearing pressure as 180 psi. (a) What axial load
may be supported? (b) What is the approximate work of friction?

Solution:
12
Dn
v
m
=
Page 63 of 63
( ) in D 375 . 2 75 . 0 4
2
1
= + =
( )( )
fpm
Dn
v
m
81 . 108
12
175 375 . 2
12
= = =

assume 065 . 0 = f , average

(a)
( )
2 2
4
i o
D D
W
p

( ) ( ) lb W 2182 180
4
3
4
4
2
2
=
(
(
\
|
=

(b) ( )( )( ) min 433 , 15 81 . 108 2182 065 . 0 lb ft Wv f U
m f
= = =

- end -

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SECTION 9 JOURNAL AND PLANE-SURFACE BEARINGS

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