44

"IounNAl, n. a. ri. (crvlox).

[\ro1.

VI

a66.

26,-1883']

Pr\DDY cuLTl\rATIo\r cus?oMs'

45

SIryHALESE CUSTOMS AND CER]TMONTITS c0 NECTDD WITIT PADDY CULTIVATION

IN THA

"t'l'i.--,i..d.j'rint,ly with the dreaded spirits of evil-those lil.*o*o gods," to whose baneful influence is attributed --,1"-^"y chauges and chances incident to daily life-and lr" f.rr malignant l)uaatdu6rto appease whom resort is had
^ti1"' ril,i

, :r,.lhood uf the

wolld'

Tire power of sun, moon, and stars

LOT\T-COUNTITY.

to the priest of Buddha, the KultdQiyd, and the Kapu-

Bv I{. C. P. Bnr,r,, EsO., C.Cl.S., Ilonorary Secretary. (Read, Februury 1b, 188p.)
ON nearly

native tillage

all that pertains to the g-eneral process in this Island, the culious enquirer neecl bu

((Ilistolical Relation of Oeilon,', by Robert Knox in hi or more recent wri

notably Pridham and Campbell,*who have, however, do more than condeuse Knox's accorrnt.* It is proposed here rather to follow out the pariicula branch of enquiryiaken up by Mr. R. l[. Ievers, C.0.S., in hi interesting paper contributed to the Society,s Journal fi 1S80, by dealing wiih the superstitious beliefs and practi which continue to this day-though, be it noted, with marl diminishing force-to centre rorind and form an infegra part of the agricultural operations of the Si4hale.. .olti vator. A record of these semi-religious rites and ceremonies i important, not nerely for. purposes of comparisou with th found cropping up under one form or another all over th world, but as tending to bring out, more thau ought e the actual, if conf'usecl and undefined, religious ideas aspirations of the unenlightened goyiyd. The faith of the Sir;halese is a stlange mixture of demo

consulb the quaint descripticrn given

little

,lbatthe ignorant cultivators should themseives be unable to account for the perfotmance of tirese ceremonies-the not surpt'ising; but, though they ale inher.itance of ages-is and sulely dying out with the spread of knowledge, slowly ihe majority of viiiagels in inland districts attribute the short crops of the past ferv yeals to their nou*observance and the waning faith in their efficacy.* ln no other occupation ale superstitious plactices more rigorously observed than iu agriculture. This is only uaturai, when the vital irnportance to the goyiyd, of ensuring against precarious seasons and f'aiiure of crops is treld in
view.

Pnpr,rurNanY OPERATIoNS.

first commencement of agricultural operations until the harvest is fitly closed by the f'easb of tLanhsgiving to the gods, every stage is urade dependent on the occurrence of a c'lucky hourr" or, to speak more accuratelv, the position of planets and asterisms at specified moments. At the outset the astrologer (neh,etrdlri) is interviewed with the bula,t-qtq, or usual fee of 40 betel leaves and a leaf of tobacco, and asked to name a suitable time to start
tr'rorn the

work.t t Ancl indeed it is sad to consider how this poor people are subjectcd " to the devil; and they themselves ackno'wledge it their misery, saying their country is so f'ull of ilevils an<l evil spirits that unless in this manner
they should

latry (iucluding the worship of devils ot yahserl|

aa

but withal showing unmistakeable traces of thal ((

demi-gods or DduiE6) tempered more or less by Buddhis

nature worshipr" .which preceded both, and dates from

ol

adole them, they woulcl be destroyed by them. ,........ If a stranger should dislil<e theirrvay, repro\re, or mook at them fbr their lgnorance and folly, tbey would ackno'wledge the s*me, and laugh at the
superstitions of their own der.otion; but withai tell you tirat they are constrained to do what they do to keep themselves from the malice and trischief that the evil spirits rvoulcl othelwise do them, rviih whicb, thelsay,

* Pridharn, ,, Ceylon and its Dependericies," Vol. I., pp. 862_7, Oampbell, " F)xcursions, &c., in Ce,vlonr" voi. trL, pp. lJ4_48, Knqx " Historical Relatiou cif Ceilon," pp. 7-i l, 1661.

tlieir country swalns."*Krtox, Oeilc,n, pp. 77, fl3.

i Notc l.

46

JouItNAL,

il, A. s. (cnvloN).

[\iol' V
one

At the appointecl hour, on arriving at the grouud,

the worlr (purarsadanaud) hy clearing the boundaries jungle with a bill-irook and mamotie (barJaruepiya gahan, or d(rnarud) ; and at the second lucky hour he and his co panions go to the field with the required number of buffalo, hh.ru o* yoked together and driven about the field for t purpose of trampling clown and destroying weeds and g and puddling the soil. This is the first mudding ( merlauuma); if the fields are dug up by men with udali, th proper term is purun'ho{anauir' : if heltulan' fallow has to be broken up, oxen are used to plough iL (binnt
The darns are thenltepaired and sloped with mud, ope ings for the waNer cut (uahhatlaual hapanaud), and closed at points of exit (aatura bandtt:taad),and the chan for irrigation (depd ela) cleared,

the cultivators, who has the credit of being fortunate, begi

4'1 PADDY culrlvArroN crTsrorrs. {0. 26,*1883.] A {'ew da)'s prior to manuring, the fields are trampled by the larger clods (heta pdganat;6); after the ^," to clushhas been sprinkled about, it is trociden into i^1,, rno.tt. ii" -od (mada hqlrul sLnaud), often by boys. 'Ihe liadda )"""re withio lbur dams) is then levelled and divided inttr (pcitti) by a namoty.

lJ*ttb.,ls

Sowrxc.
'When a favourable hour has been ascertainecl, as before,

/riya).

the expiration of five or six weeks from the time tire first ploughing the grass ancl weeds are not sufficient decayed, the fields are mudded or plougheil a second ti ( cle-mgJaauma ; cle-lti,yrt,) though with less regard to a lu' hour. In some l(6ral6s a thirtl ploughing (edduma) fotind uecessary. In the low countrv the fields are usually swampy, n sitating considerable labour to drain. The day before t seed paddy is sown, a yotumdna* is erected on the bounda dam (u6lta) at the lowest part of the field, where the chiefly accumulates and can be readily bailed out iuto chaunelintencled to carry off the surpius. The bailing on throughout the night, the men whiling away the time
aL

If

the cultivator, taking a handful of seed padcly, strews it Over a corner of the li&dda he has raised with mud, and in the centre of rvhich he plants a lrabq'ral& plant or an arecanut flower with as many nuts on it as possible.* Tlre rest of the fielcl is then sown with germinated paddy mixed with bone dust.t For some clays after the seed has been sown, and until the paddy piants have attainecl a height of B to 4 inches, the fielti is bailed nearly dry of u'ater every morning ; subsequently a few inches of water are allowed to remain, the openings through the dam being stopped with
mucl. 1'o prevenf the young plants suffering from the ravages of insect pests, such as ggtapanuu6, kohltanndu6,and goglauillw, charmed sand or ashes are thrown over the field ai different

stages of the

growih of the grain. This ceremony is perfbrmed by a Kattd{,irdld, at dask. Taking the sand to the field and removing his waistcloth (which he wraps round his head), he proceeds to scatter the
* Note 3.
is

songs.t * I\'gotu,mdna is generally constructed as follows:-Six bamboos planted. on the claur, three ot either side and about two yards apartt as to meet about 8 or 9 I'eet above, and form three crutches. A these is l*id an arecanut stem, and the whole structure made fast two extra barnboos supporting the ends' To the arecanut a,re then suspenclecl as many yoltr'as m'ay be needed for bailing. Tl golu are elongated canoe-shapecl scoops, about 6 I'eei long by l] in gi hollowed ou{, of logs, one end of rvhich is to serYe lbr a handle'

tSecd pnddy is prepared in the following.manner:-The paddy put into au earthen or wooden vessel, fuli of water, and allowed to

soakfor g0 lnlyas (36 hours). It is then taken out, strained, and spread upon a mat colered with ulantain and alecanut lea'ses' More leaves of the sume plants ancl anotirer mat are placed over the paddy and kept

down bJ'rveights for 150 piyns (2| days). TLe seetls wlrich arlhere togeihcr ate finally sepalated from each other by gently rubbing between the palms.

Note 2.

.AnotLer way is to keep a bag of paddy in water for 90 piyas, after slrich it is talren out and coverecl with leaves of the burwlla, lmbarala, and-wereniya cluling the clay, ancl put in water again at nights until the Pe(dJ gcr'ru.inates.--See, tr,o, Knox, p. 10.

48

JolfRNAL, R. A. s.

sand about the boundaries

(onvr,oN). [Yol. VII of the field : then, without a w

l\'0.'"'

,,'r

lS,!.1,

] l.lrr-,v ctlLl'IVllIoN cusrol[s.

4!]

to any one, or allowing so much as a quid of betel to lris lips, ]re retires for the night to a deserted house ; ot wise the charm will have no eflect. It is considered advisable to protect the paddy plant the performance of a separate hema, or charm, as it attai each of its nine nodes (geta ; puruha), or rises each in node (petta.)x trYhen there is every prospect of a Yery good crop, Gar6-t1altun ceremony is resorted to in the hope of wardi off the baneful influence ofevil-eye (gs-aaha) antl evil-ton (lra.ta-ualra), as Mr. fevers has noted in the Kggalla

,,"Ur'ru l.)
,'
.1

r,, rlre frpPil,r'ation of tlrc /t*mo'ta, sorupttious a,ttention is uriuutc tletai[.r, which valy collsitlera,bly in different
r'trlI5.

"'io^tn. 11.rr;'igam li<trral6, before the sheaves are reurovetL n.,,m tlre i'ichs, five, severl) or nine large rnals (rndgal),
"l,n,,t
l*..1 t,.rltt/,n;t 7;r,,.!lnrt;,i') Two sli'aighL

tleti"'goyiyu agricuifural inrplemenLs r ttiz., p6rztu1, or sclapel"r /tu|,la or wiirnorving basliet, and a, ldLu weu." oi lriLch-i'ork ,

liles biscct the circles ab Il. to \V. and N. to S., aud lvirhin each segmcrrt "i,:l,t ,,itl,. iuu.turost circle axe dla,wn repr:esentat'ions ofl fbrrr
an.lies,
$1r.c.

+ feet 6 inches bv 25 feet, are spread oD the gronnti, tl,rce cuncctrll'ic cir:cles tracettr lpon thern rvith aslie,.r-"'

trict.t

,.

lDiasram trro. 1.1

At the

centre of, the figule is

RnlrrNe. Similarly, when the crop is ready for the sickle, a I hour is named, and the cultivator, after bathing and putti on a clean cloth and eating hiribat,! enters the field, and the set time cuts three handfuls of ripe ears. These are k apart for l{ataragama Ddutyb on a tree, or post, close to t field, and at the close of the harvest used in the D6ai. d6.naya.$ Reaping is tlien commenced in earnest, and women working jointly and 'rbeguiling their la with clieering songs.ll The unthreshed paddy is stacked i ricks ou cocks (goyan-ltola heti) fteqtently encircled wi young cocoanut leaves or jungle cleepers, round, or withi the plob of ground reserved as the threshing-floor (leamata halauita; p6.uara,)
'InnnsniNc.
Two or three da,ys ela,pse before the important business

This consists of a large concli sirellt (rviiir "seven i.,,ints. rvhenever procutable), into rvhich are stulfed a liit,le gold (bearis, &c.), silver, copper, brass, iron, asltcs, 17otiyt,rtu'i-or clot of hail which celtain bullochs ale supposerl to vtturit-rt'rapped together iu v'hit,e rag. A smaller conch serves as stopper to lieep all irr; afier: which bot,lt sliclls a,re further covered wit,\ tolabl leaves, hiressa, untl tlrr"ee slreaves (up1tidi,) of patldy, and tied intr.r a i.runrlie rvitir
t'

plr,ce,l tire nutta.

co',i'dnng, a J'ali florver (rcuraltii-mala), anc1, if obta,inabie,

a"

ttr au &-

mo,c!,u-rrl

leeper.

At, the ir:lcliy irour, a gcyi,.yti,, reputetl forlunate, placing a shea['of corn orr his Irearl ivallis thrice sc.,lernnly rountl tlitr mutto,bowing towa,rds ib each tinre at thc four cotncrs of the

threshing
* Note

beg^ins.

4" f Journal C. A. S., 1880, pp. 47-8. Rice puclding made with cocoannt milk and a little salt in a dish (ual{iya) and cut or pressed into convenient pieces for eating. $ " When ye be come into the land rvhich l gir.e unto you, and reap the hanest thereof, then ye shallbring a sheafofthe first fruits your harvest unto the priest, antl he shall wave the sheafbefore the to be accepted ftrr yon."-Ler.iticus, xxiii., 10, ll.
f
ll Note 2.

trtats" Then, looliing in the direction fixed by the asLroloptr:r with rel'erence to the nclratu,, he deposiis it upon tite,liu..ilLt, antl thrice salutes ii with joined palms. Aftc:r this, Llre corn is bloLrg"hr in bv tlr e resb and spr:ead oul, on t;he ura,i,::, rounil ard r-rver. the ntzr,tta, the ears pointing up,nards. Six, or souetimes seven, bulloclqs yohed rvith t,opes in ti,l't 1ot,s, &I'e now driven over the corn rountl tltte nautta. untii all is touglrly tramliled out. i\ urrerrrony tenneel d.r1,{,u-harananri is next perlfrriretl. TI:c cliief joy;yd ,n tlie htnnata taiiing ctgpi-goyigru Il,;,s it
r\

otc

i.
:rlt,ill::t llte t,il\\,r,t.r uJ t.S:l
(i

['urreh shul]s ma1,bc t.omnrorrly uoficeri ou the nlcl:s ot'LLLllouiis a, *..1

'{rri:l.i:ll

50

J.)IiRNAL, R.

A. s. (cnvr,ri.-)'

l\:ol. \:ll

&cross the back of his neck,

rvith some sbraw hanging fro cultivators do the same with sticks its cnds, and two other llhe leader then walks seven times round the corn whi the bullocks are in motion, repeating tlris refrain (goyi basa), tbe otber two fbllowing hirn. At the corupleti of the seventh tound, the three shout in chorus the last t'
words

t. "6..-lES3.] PADDY r\0'-,1.^

cuLrIvATroN ousrolus.

51

:qd S,4 apgeo

E.6

eQeo@:rJ o.6ror gtts

oal:d qd ozs:oaO c,6 ndSC: coiO oqOO dinq ortordiir qri d.d q,6 6Q qr.6 SdsJ qzorael:r} Ad::l 6tq13O oro:g agr0r cide^6 Sogf oOco6j a:q oOdoC OgCcJoqf Ogo0rOoq'i
edlOrooqi ggcBco @g oqg:oo9 @g
Ou:or

qrdJfl,916'!

Deti deti hum.anu dgti

Santa,nalin genlt deti
-Kos dr:ti kosum,ba dgti

Katupila geta dem'ala nihada ltol',lti deti

Ilau dgt'i ridi deti Eran dette'n. eru.n uAulata h'ola saldbd puraaati

Egal

tnegal tn,d'a merrtgal malarund6 nt'alabaQadi parur,urt,tadd mtt,lagiya mula denoge rnala wassd. A,ldtt, At'dn.

either a small nrargosa-woorl l::"";r, koltomba-lillal 3 by 4 inches (on which two circles L',]"f.'f l^'.rptLrrot sun and moon have been descrilrcd), with a knot (horasa-get|), a pointed conch shell lf- h'orot* creeper and a stone-orr rnol'e commonly, outline rt atu-/raftllediya), )onresentations in ashes of these articles and of a scraper ' ( d gt i' g oy iy a )' Itr oom (b o latta), m eas ure (y ti la (p'i r uu a), fll'il unclural and Buddha's foot (Bud'u-sri-putula). ,o,ti,/o), 'lDiLgram No' 2'l ' ,I'5e cultivator at the fixed time looking towards the field fronr rvhich the paddy was reaped, and reciting lhe iv*auaqutle-q(itliro-a, walks with sorne corn on his head seven tinres r,1und tlie aralrcala, and, once more looking at the field t,laces the corn into the hole. The whole of the corn js il,en put onto the ltamata, and some six pairs of bullr-rcks driven over it. \Yithin a short time the coro on the borders ofthe tirreshing-floor is tossed onto the centre heap with the dali-goyiya, the bullocks made to trample it, aud the sttarv (uata- lr du- m9 {uu an) th rown outside th e ha mata. Of the corn that remains unthreshed, two-thirds are separated and winnowed (hal6binaad.) and again thrown nnder the bullocks' feet, and the resulting straw (rnahae

.eotte. Inside

this hole are ananged seven diui-had,ur"tt

arrd upon them is placed

ntg{,uuan) removed as before.

and ruaiie

.Deti. wbat deti? /)efi trrouglrt fronr Aclarn's Peak. Kos dcti, hosamba dgl'i,
Kcr,tupila. geta.. demuta, ri,ikudtt, Kobbi deti. Gold deti, silver deri.. \Yith these goklen dgti toss ihe coru aud
centre.

The rest of the corn is once more tosseil about,.winnowed, into aheap, overwhicb the bullocks are a third time driverr, ancl the straw (goyih,amt-mgduoan) finally cast asitle. Tlre paddy is then collected (rdlti-karanaud) into the heap (ui-oarttua) ready to be measured.

frll tlie

O dead calf of the dead cow. are you sturdy as thisrock' that rock, or Meru rock, or like dead gold, a (tree), or mountail ?
Peace s{tlu,n or tris&lu

Peace

l*

In the Si.yanf li6ra16 the procedure differs slightly.

is iutroiluced rnore frequently iuto the di gram drawu on the hamata, and a hole (arulnala) dag
I Note
6,

to the Kalutara District. At the conclusion of cerenlony-during.wh ich the bullock-drivers run.the lisk ofl getting a sound lap on the head with the a.eh-goyiya should they forgetfully shoul to their animals 1a7t(u/terati yatmui)-the threshecl corn is piled il heaps &t tLe li,rrr of the mats, and the men-begin to win"L.n.r.Lhe seed ( beta) fi.om the stuaw (mgcluaan) no.w ( huidltrinautfi:1 "Yery tlme the nreu stoop to remove the grain from the of,raw ( m,?d,tt'an-hqt'anaa(r) or to sweep the paddy towards ',.'t-u tuutl4 ( boleli-uonqri) t,hey bow in adoration of the corn ltcrtlr in r h"
To return
Lhe (utdu-heri?n a

"r,rrt.r.l,.

.roIrl,iAL,

Il' '\.

$"

(crrt,lN)'

IVoi' Vltr
(

.,11,

'N,,'

.' .. t;r\,;.1 t.rt'lt''' i-'l'J,ft1',1'l'lUN I't'i'1('\!s

Iha,lrt ucIi tihcu,tt bttrt,t
Pt,halu'
I! du,

lVherr ajrotrt three-foutthg c,f tlre Oorn iS reduced to grai a,ll the ears of oornr except t'hose on them'utta',axe talien sprea the heap, separateti fi'om the grains (scatieled round), (aa.ta-nelarzaud") Ai'ter the gra'i uot, a,oi thieslred as before h,rs b.e" thresheci out of t'his, and tire stra'w put aside, t

teli
\ t)

tibena

betrt,t

-1 {,u ^ lto t t'r -t a.l,a t ib e rur,

b e tat purtt uurt rui lutzittttttlrt

"

()

tctnbili-|tuecl oxetr L,lncc crecPer (yokcs) on (tireir) Leads' !4ly thc prridy in tlre uppcr fields-"Iiire pultly in the lorvcr Jieltls.i1\'1re

t grain-cot:i<

1.'hc p:ltlly iu lofts arid bamsi:lr: 11r'arvl to fil.l this l&matu,

t)n e ('1t a,l la1 t e I I *.n q'ruti ) lteanwhile a c,rrlt,ival'ol'pref&rs t'hc amlthetl,* a lvhisp strau, six inches lon;1 n,nrl of the thichness of the wrist, i -"Elrich are encloseil aftw seetl-q of pa,ddy, some ashes, a sc of the bulioch horns. n. hnir or two from their foreheads l,ails, a liitle tlung of the trvo bullock9 moying immedia ,"on11 tl.t,, mrttta,o.lrit of tlte rope ;'oking thern, and chips tire ilriver's roc'[, of tlte dcti"'goyiya and p6rurua' After all the grain iias been fleed from strawr the chi goyiyd steps intolhe centre cf the paqry and stands on t ''iitt'io, nliitst tire others pile thc padgl round him kn covering tire heap with a rnat, and hand up to hiur deep, o*iirrt6. IIe clranges it from o'e land to the other rotr his legs, repeating each of the f'tllowing lines three tin ancl at the encl jumps down backlr'ards :q Or

As high

ls

Mccca's sacretl lbot,

!

fbot -rls high as Strmtlnai:l's sacretl

them he lays threc Ashes are given hirn at orce and witl-r one allove another, ronnd the g|aiD. 'I-rvo other cultilirres, erlpty bags a-piece, vators next join him in pla'cing five or six fi'ont, on their heads, and walli thlice round tbe iD0uths in rrir,iitlr-, bowiDg to it each time at the I'our corners of tlre 'ur,,ts.' Ttvo or tltlce men then cautiouslv open just' enough of the mlt coveriug tire paddy heap to allou' of their hands lreing int,roduceLl, antl brishly filI the bags which are lianded
resting on the graiu, auci repeats tb'e Nauagttlta-gdtildn;a gr3 8oe: soOr Edo.

to tlreur fi'om behind. I{eanw}rile tire principal goyiyd remains kneeling oD the opposite side with his fore-iread

:*

8*3Q66t

aslOq o'.5], cJr$1fle

ro0r pga: oerdJi6f OannO 88 e-":q 6aO

toOO: erOQoE: ecO:o::'.tns pcsoDr og:zsr Ec gglavoo,5 gCeoCOO erd3 rlalc o{O Oo:l',roreo" @oOc eccoO:5.

erOrng 85 mrq 6,eoO gog oOoSf 6s',0sr 6rmsf ce,rg o,Oogf Zaoaal 0r6ritj

fti Ttiso bl'trtgauri uro'ltat1 scrntmd srtnln'dtllt'o t:ijj d'ck'arctna sanlpdnna sutJato lokcr' tvidu' il nltt t (7 o p ttr u s ct d I t a nt'nttr' s dr a t / Li' s tt t t h d' d e u tt' manussdnary IJ wtldho blta g aatiti'
1"

qpoal: Pery,6oOel Ozz!-'J qrQ ECOrJ oO oOenO

nzdfr eta

da

g o nt'enzbili

?ttbti mudurtrt' nnha,ra wel

Mct ltha m a .Qiri,p ri rla us

ata

l,o I r,hllt ]llessed onc is sa[ctified, is full,v cnlightcncti, endorve d rvith linol.leclge antl conduot, the Auspicious Ortc, acqullil{cd witli the rvorl.l, the u'ri'alied trai'cr of tlre lnmat stcer, tire Ilstructor of gocls and men, t,ho Wise One, the Iiloly'
SileDce is strictly enjoinecl throughout the performance of t\'e cun,(,ltr,ti cereilolrv unt'il tlrc lratltlr' ILas llecn puL i'lo .l,r bngs, ali .r,e q..rirerueois I'eing iutl icrltr ,.1 r'oLions c'f hctrcl auci hrritl"

Sama'na,{a Bi'riPdda wsala

* I]nknorvn in the $i1'el6 Iitira,l6.

ing are trrtnctl unilintli':!t|'

Grass sotis tulnecl

up in

l*.l
Indeetl,

Jourilial,. R. A. $.

(crrr,ox1. [Yol. VIII

limits of th

.. -n --133;i.-l (,q6.'lv'" '

,r,6en

pADlly (Ut,TtVATION

OL;ST{)IIS,

5l:

little

Iicence is permittecl inside the

ha'm(rta frorn the comurencement of threshing operations.

is unseemly to stand on ene leg or to place the hand und the chin, whilst the presence of certain persons a,nd artic of food is absolutely tabooed. Any one who may have of meat or fish which is held unclean-names ending in ra are impure-is not admitted : nor are (unless after bathi aud putting on clean clothes) pelsons who bave attended {uneral or come from an (( unclean house." After threshi has once commenced, womeu are prohibiied from enterin[ bhe threshing floor altogether.

uever breathed.

The tabu extends even to the words employed at the threshing-floor. All terms conveving a, negative or unluckv sense are discarded, and, a thrtiyi, the names of Ya/tsey6

l'[r.

Leverq has alreacly drawn

attention to the strange

couventioualism adopted by Sir.rhalese cultivators of substi1;uting an odd shibboleth for the ordiuary colloquial tall< of
everyday life.

'Ihis goyibasn or threshing-floor speech, as might be e-xpected, varies in different localities. A con:parative list is appended ef some of the words in use in the Kdgalla I)istrict, the Rayigam and Siyane I(6ral6s of the Western Province, and a portion of the Gtr,lle llistrict, which, however incomplete. may serve as a nncleus for further
r

iuvestigatit.rn into this blanch of the sulrject.*

a h,atura is

U/to uleastlre, hottom upwartls, round his legs ; then, ,,r..riug it lretween his body and the bag, he rapidly places il,, fiog.ru of one hand over those of the other upon the measure three titnes, and turns it again round bottonl of tire legs thrice every third time the hands are shifted.* the After this he sits down on the mat, tilts tlre bag over towards him, and after saluting it thrice proceeds to measure" The cultivators of some part of the Galle District, be1'ore rxoceeding to measure the patldv, consider it essential to ,lrol0 oo the heap with both the palms a rough replesentation of tbe trisilla, or trident, the signification of which they rlo not prol'css to rrnderstand.t . The paridy is talien home ab anotber lucky hour. There the seed paddy is first, dlied in the sun, and put up in bags of 12 or' 15 ltu,runi each. The re-st of the paddy is similarlv treated, except the portion-a lq,ltaor two-set apart for the gods (qlr,udla; 1)tuiyanni ai)t at the threshing-floor, which is so dealt rvith lasl. At a lirlther lucliy hour the bags of seetl paddy ale fir'st secured in the loft, and af'telwarils the
,1.r"

,,.ir;rt, at least is carried out with equal superstitious i^",rrntnoro.ss of detail. A mat is first laid on the ground, l"",i', f*tgt piclietl-i-'ag of paddy (paturzt malla) placed on '"0,t ro".r.d with one end of the rnat. The person about to ,i ,".*ror. t,lre grain hows thrice to the l-rag, and tltrice moves

I'lnesunlrqc eNn SlonrNc. fullows the measuring of the paddy, which in soure

threshing is done by men (rnittissunnen pdganaud) erected. This construction consists of fbur poles, placed so as to form two crutches, across which another pole (pduara-liya) is laid horizontally, chest high. Mats
trodden out by men, who hold orr to the cross pole fr<-,n either side to make greater play with their f'eeb. When all the grain has been threshed, the mats are taken up and the bags covered with straw to protect them fronr rain. The paddy is wilnowed ( ltula,n-harq,nand or gaha. narud) finally a day or two days afterwardu and dried frir two or three days mol"e as required.
.Note 7.

If

* Io

the

rvolll-wide prevalence ofthis

(,

mysterious practice of touch-

ins objccts to bafHc the evil chance," tbe Si+haicsc g oyigti antl the 'l'amil ol X{oor eocily ar"e no lcss witncsscs, r'hcn ignora.ntly striking tlrc kiha,

tr
el

are spread underneath, and the corn from the heap gradually

tLe bushel .b{)x, }vith r,pen }rnnd bcf"rrle rneasuriue grair,, than was liolalty ic,nre centrrlics l-rack by nssenting to toucli frrr ., the liing's
ll

cuunectctl

l'L'he tris{rla, Shiva's emblern (especially common in Coorg at placcs l.ith superstition), clcnotes that the tlrree gr.eat attributes of tl'eiltor, Destroyer', antt ltegencrator ale combinecl in him. .^ 1 " There is yet another dueochgaul, which belongs to their gods, antl 's an o{ieriug sornetirncs calricd away try the pric.sts, and sometirnes Itrcy bestorv it rrpon tLe beggars, and sornetimes thcy rvill take it and {4rrg
lL ul)

)'l::. t, P.101_:l

il lheir houses, and n.t convenient time sacrifice it thernis oue of their ureasures, rvhich is about hall'a peck."-Kuox,

it6

J(iIITtNAl,,

!trt,t-/irtmr't,) 'l\c [)t:t:iyctttnl ai rs sf irt'ecl in a si:pat'ate palb tlre lr-rft. lfttntrus arc occasiontrll)' resorted to fr-rr the p selvation of'the paddy from rats. \Vhere, as is too frequentlv t'he
A 1,u'r-134t - I(P,",r4. cn'se,

l'etnilintler', leru'ing

li' '!' s" (cilvt,iiu)' 1\rol' \'II snlli<licnt {irr l}ie }i'eu' liitltl }-east (a'

the cnltivators

in r,vant c,f'f,ootl, the Dtu'itlanni-tlt|rtat1a, or o{feri il'tl-," first-fi'uits of tLe irarvest to tire gods* is clefet'r rrntil after the Nerv liice Fea-qt, though such action generally admiiiecl to be irregtrlar and ouly justifietl
por-,r and

necessilj'. The Satigha-din6 or alnrsgivine to 13udttrhist priests, al

pi'ecetles or ftill,.rrr's the New lf,ice l"east according rcligious {'et'vour of the gry'g/6 donor't

agl'n^':,'.,n-.n, wlro have putified tlremselves by bat,lring tl"1-:l;*;'; o. clean cloths (pirunuta') The rice is then " the cltin6'peta or cadjan covererl ^"1 l1:'i;;os ancl kept in r.tt "i;-,i ivLictrr is eiected opposite the space where t'ire 4tt:::;;i- to pei'form. Iusicle foe pela are also placetl lit'li*o.",',t v&ctables brought by those att'ending the ti',:, ;;;; a health r:oughly buiit fot cooking' The l(apur{la ":'.'.::;,'.,,*to Le goL ready for him 5c sticlis, 6 young cocoanrtb

rcset'/ctL-t,',",')-nidi,mrc, The other two portions, after being I@'t-11i.;';,",;-rir the suu on clean mats, are huskecl by about

5I TADDY CULTIYATION cusronls' -i:S3.] N,t'-"' ; {,rr a, succeecling ceremony' Rdlahd'mi-lticli'ma ot:

aR

l:.::;;;.

to t

Timely inLimation of the day appointerl for '(eating rice" (alut-bu't-ltlwtal is given to friends and relati on the day itself su{'ficierit pacld;' having been previous r.lrieil and husliecl, first by pounding o11 an ox ol elk hi (ui kotatrciai) antl finalLy in the usttal wooden mortar ( well as vegetair X.rct/tinaai), tLre resulting rice is coc,trteti, as l,nd fish, rtone of rvhich may lie tasted during preparati' 'l'he lucli)' moment for commencing to eat is narked 1.'y chief rna,n o{'ttrre liouse tasting t}re fooil; after whic}r 1r e serv .those assenrbled aucl seated, with rice and curries u plautain leaves..
new To name a suitable day for the l)[uiEann6-c]drz6, the f in houor of'the gocls, a l(apurdlfr, or Pattinihrimi is called i {Jlion the set tlay tlte house is well cleansed ancl tlre lJl yann6-ui talien out, divideri into three portions, one of which
x (iolls.pondilg rvith the o Sing -t]oug-a' of' ccrttin Ifill l'ribes India. " It is solcrlnised in August when the gord rice lipens, atrtl the sacliiice is couriilcte the nerv rice ntust not be eatcu. 'lhe offeri in addilion to ::ice is a rvhiie coel<. 'I'Lis is a thanks-ofli:r'ing tr-r t OrcaLor antl Itresell.cr. It is callctl t.iuurtr:r,r'trar'urtcl ccinsideted

4 arlcliaLrut flowers, 6 young cocoanuts (gobalu)'a Y:i-,;" n{ t:ulltiliLre. 2 clean cloths for each man, 50 torches, ::i;;";;" (,1iiti-Li{tala), and 5 chatties-a hotal6, a smail i),r;i,o. aLrtl tlrree ftalagedi' A boy is sent ahead to erect a paltan-pela), rr"ii tft.A ( Iiltltm;a ; ltoraturua ; nut'l-pelu ;and encircling young cocoanut leaves, flowers, wibh

,arr".a

alriving in the evening with three or four assistants, (cl'eyiran-ft'ara1zthe 1(apirlri'la, first places his box of bangles cliails cleansed wilh saffron watert and coverecl rlun'a) ol trvo
witlr a wlrite clo{ h.
Tlren
vegetal-rle curries,

larnPs.o '*On

DnvrvaNN1r-D,{.Nava.

of untasted rice and served, and the Kapulir'la with tlie oilier persons assembied thele sib on mats and proceed to eat from plantain leavesr after the l(apuriila has invokecl tlre gocls' blessing (yiga-haranan-ti ) and lirsl tasted the ftrod. Dinnei concluded, fbur or five wornen, dressed iu clea,n cloths, repair to the clfrn|ltela and begin cooking, while tirc
tlie
7t6-bat meal, consisting

is

Kapurtl,tra,, t5'ing a clotli roultrd his heaci, enters f,he treal' '1t9la ancl malies obeisance td' the red cloth arlas eri:bt'oic.lerecl

wit]r representations of t'leities, and takiug a tont-tonl

grclt intlrortlLtrt,"
'flre closc siurilarity bctween the Sighrrlesc goyigti's ollcrilgs and s*clificcs cl.joinccl upon tLe Jsraelites :rt han'est tirue by the Leviii larv rvill lst fail to Lre rerrra.r'kcd iu thc cusling Cc:rr:r'ir,li,,l uf thcr yutistd tltitti,

* . " \f lrrn they rv,rrslu'p bhose 'wlrom they call <levils, many of whonr thcy Loi,i to Lu spitils ,f sorue tlrat clietl heretofore, they rneke ro urrv:cs thr tl,cur, rs tliey tlici for thc planets; Lut onl.r briild a ncw
honss

,!sboo]s a[ ouc clrtl ,t]'lt " r;"t,,,0[r" ti'c placc{ 6u l\ 1'rr11'p1l rvitlr ri,,t,L li,r,rl,al l)rrp.,se."

[]r'l adolrr it witlL bi'rrri:hcs and 1lolqers." (Iinox, p. 77.) IIe

i;',hcir.' ylril, like r barn,

r.er:y

slight, covered ouly

nith

leaves,

acltls r-rf ihe l-ir-ruee, wLich

J'l,ote

Sce U.

A.

-s"

Jor.rrn. lB.jj-6, p. f "8. nole (+).

58

JotTuNAL, R. A. s.

(cur*l,ttx).

[\'t,1. VII

in front of the seated house-inma (fituray6) recites soogs (y(ic/'ini) in honor of Pattini Iiatataglt,rua Devir'6 *' I{aving continued this performance for some time, t Kapuriila calls for a pe f idan'tarJa or pingo of tbree neli r six cocoauuts, a btrnch of plantains, a pumpkin, and a of chiilies (miris-mula), and srnoliing it rvith (resin) incense,t places it in front of the fgured cu insitle themalygla. Again ciranting awlrile, he has broug to hirn sorne untasted oi1 in an atecanut lea,f c;..ne (qot coyered with aclean cloth, which, after perfurning, he pour into one of the lamps (scoopetl oub of half papaw fruits tLre Mo,duptn"cryi, an assistant, anci hung round the pr liglrts tlLe rvick and bids the 6tlray6 light the rest. W tlris is done, anrl }ie has recited :l;orc y(t.dinl, tlie Kapurri tlesires them to bring their pandaru, or money offerin which ate sprinkled with sa{fron watet, saluted deposited with the tuda. l{ext, t}re l(a'purila, still sinEi covers liimself entire);', except the face, with a red cloth opens the box contairiing tire deyh'on; then washing h irn.nds, and perfuming the bangles, puts them on his wri anrl begins io janggle them (lrolarrpdruddenaru(t), frnall appeaiing to the dturayS to offer Lhern pa'y,rJuru. Contiriuing liis chant, tlie Kapurila drives a stake into ground togetlier with a piece of a plantain stalk to which h a,ffixes twelve torches at the bottom, and puts some cocoa refuseroundthefooi. Then talringthree betel ieaveslie ho them over the lighted torches, rubs then on the heads t\e 6htray6, and tosses them once or thrice into the aii If the majority of the leaves fall face upwards, it is loo upon as a good ouren ; if oiherwise, the gods are not satis ( Deui-d6sa).\ Subsequently two additioral six'huruni of pacldy with two cocoanuts in each are placed near clrair on rvhich lhe ha,lan box stands. The l(apurd,la mencing liis incautations, separately ties to three pieces cocoanut stalk, a cocoanut flc,wer and a pair of young nuts,anddirects the dtura,y6 to touchthem ; after wirich
( wle Ihirltr,) an(l (lanuiog

places tltree nerv cla;' pots of white cloth over liis rnouth, and supports i n a ro w. lnto the potshe puts ou three ';iilisyJrettle' sulrc rice rvibh water, and liinclles a fire under each, fanning lh. floo,d., but taking ca,re not to blow the fire rvii,h his mouth. As sor-rn as the water boils he poul's in untzr,sted cocoanut rnilli and allows the whole to boil over' I\'Iuch rveight is attached to the direction torvartls nhioh the scum runs over,
as on

'"Tt,. oigltt is genelally well advanced before the above ,;res are carriecl thrtlugh. \\then dawn is approaching, tlie iil",o.,il" turns his at'tention to the last ceremony preceding c'causing ii,l'"rt"*t feasting, hnown as hiri-itiraai,ttta, or ,itt. to oveLflow." Entering I'he paltatt-1'tgla )re ties a,piece

r^r tlre r(tryrran.

1"1,,.,,*not wittr a bill-hook (oana-tleuiyan-gah.anaud)' t\e itut'o.y6 are invited to coutribute pan'duru bo., rot.

OU 2A,- t55.t.l PADDY cUL'I'IVA'-['IO-N UUS'|OMS. three times round the deyiran box, anil ends by -";rzs them them in the earth in a line, exclaiming " Bo/ti bi '11'-i;"o Pll."r')."ir,';,t',wri !" ( Mayitbe (aharvest) of greati:lenty! t"oiii"'1:,ltf * At the s&1ne momenr the fuladupurayd breaks

..r.^

is believeti to hang the cultivatols'fortune for the ensuing ;'ear. If it fall Eastwards or Soutlrwards all will be well (ntltlta) ; if to tbe West or Nor:th it poltencls the form of ill-lrrclr, called respectively Deui-d1sa and Yu'h-tl6sa' The bcilecl nilk is then poured irrto auother cha,lt;, antl tire ftturaq| splinkled with it by the l{apur61a, whilsl, chauling sonrething rnore.t lfcanrvhild, during the night women have been cooking f\e tlin6-a meal differing in soue respects from that con-

it

Oollri'a,ll n'il1

* Jttsb as many arl old orchardist irl the cider di'qtricts c'f Devotr anii dlink to his rppte tlees on the cvc of llpiliLany some sttclr toast ts tlris. (Notcs atrl Qrrcrics, Vol. 6, Znd Scrics):" ltrcle's to t1lce, old alrirle tr:cc I \\ihcncc thou rnay'st butl, anti wltctrce tlton uray'sN blolv, -A.trtl rvhertce thou rnay'st bear appkrs cnolv ! Ilats full,*-caPs {'ull ! lJnsltelg full,-saoits f'ull !
.A.nd rrry

pockcts

full!

IIozzat"
('Jilj rllitIur

t
p.

j- Sec C. A, S, Journ. 1865*6 p. 62, note. Note 9. 1Ir'. I'ow]cr''s ae couut oI'tLe I'anilihans' siLnilar cer,emony, Cf.

.lli,

15"

* iltliO (), r' '

h,'t, lttlt,i, hitltl(ttti, -Deil.ytrnrti Ttihilttyi / is a courtiti.t. liigii'rlt'lt v Irlr. or' Irlt'r'crIirrg :rt,l rrrrdct rnltitrg.

60

J()uuNAL, n. A. s.

(ouvl,oN)" [Vo]. YII

sutiled a,f ihe subsequent feast' which closcs Rdlaltitmi-pidtLu

a,ntl consistiog

ln.t.1y of untasted rice arid vegetable curri lti,ri-talapc," anil the inevitable betel' Auyihing fri having .p..;ut attrraction ftir the Ycthsay6, flesh aud ca'kes t inva,riabl-v exr:luded from the gods' d&'t26. lVheu all is in readiness for the feasting itselt the lia rtila, or an assistanl,, places not far: rtff a qotttucu (which h has fillecl with a litt,ie of each kind of food provided) upo a three-ctoss-stick stand, a,nd a chair covered rvith a ciea wlrite cloth (etiritla) on rvhich is put a plarttaiu leaf wi a, siurila'- offering, ltatlqlurtt, a quitl of beiei, and rnay be rfieroot. Sc.rnetimes for the single gott"r'oa and chair tatluua, ate s\ st,iiuted t,wo got'u placed oue.a,bove the other on the sa frarue, sorue space apart-th6 ripper for the celestial bein tlre lorver tlor Xfu'ltihdtztdud tbe f'emale Atlas of A'ry

61 .. qn.--1ss3.l r-trrnv uuLt'IyATIoN ct-lsrorrs. . Lano t.,f crops and cattle, rvhose goocl u'ill it, is essential iltc I1''^..o" lri' a spccial snclificc.* t"Xjii.",t,# r.1..t.,1, four or'. mor"e womelr, after bathiug

1\()'-

ha,s been tholo-rrghly cleansecl, ancL sumrnoned to olficiate, vho, filiing a l"i,rr., the I(apun'ii '"r,r^11y 1n,:mltiliyr,) with the rice a,ntl nruttr,ering some incanir,tiornl, lian,ls it over to the rvouien. In the same roorn is .olt.rteA the lest of the food inte nc.led to be consumetl at the feast-e.S'.: otfl,Ir[fes, sug&l'-cane, toddy, arrack, opium, {ish rnilk, hone5', vegetalllcs, biscuit.s, cocoanuts, a'11 nreat, str,lt, liincls of' plantains (as ratnanr,6lu, 1til,u1tla, ancarrd tlrree

rvliich li",ru ;t in a room,

--)'i,*rri,,g in clean cloths, husl< the padd,v previously sel 1l]".ir.t this ditft, as before. TVhen weli beateu out they

rrrythology. The gods are now considered to have received ali th jusl dues, antl nothing remains but to partake of th mcal. sprirrkiecl wil,h salTron rvater, and atotrement made to tli gods liv the Kapuwd for any fauit they Irra;r 121o. unwittingl coinmitted. 'tr'he Kapurd,la and the rest of the persons the sib down and proceed to eat, after the ftirmer has blessecl t food witir an incantation and tasted it. The rreal over, th Kapurd,la aud his nssistant carr.y away the food and qLuru collected since the evening.t
R't r,,q.n,i mr-PIDiMA.

trrirst,

all the r'vomen wlio have prepared

Nhe ddrzd

Sorrg cf'the women-coolis pouud the rice to flour, extract oil, aud fiy cakes, seven of rvhicli they put into each of thlee bags. Others are ernployed in coolting t'he cllt,n{, for which ai.e lequired, in addition to the calies, tliree chatties of boiled rice (eaclr containing three ou:li)f and seven curries rnade with seven clifferent liinds of vegetables. IXi'erything shouid not only be untasted, but prepared without so much as

hurtnatuz6rtQ '

blowing tlie flre rvith the mouth. \\rliilst the cooking is proceeding, the Kapur/r,la constructs a slrelf Qlr.thauc) waist-high, and over it a cloth canopy atlornecl'i,vilh florn'els. The cor-'king over, and ail being ready, the Kapurilla, tying; a piece of rvhlte ciotJr ao:oss his urouth" enters the roorl. IJpon the clean white ctroth spread over

$orne days-at least three-elapse before lhe lld Tticlinz*, or ceremony aud f'east to propitiate l{osganza
* A. kinil of ctstard pudding made of rice fiour, cocoanut milk, honey, boiled to some consistelcy, and eaten lrith rice as srveetmeat. " Ancl all tha.t tirne oI'the sacrif;ce there is drumming, piping, sr ing, antl duucing; which being encled, they take the victuals awayr give it to those 'lvhich drum antl pipe, witir otircr bcggars and laq

t\e yaltana he arranges five plantain leaves, and on the floor he lays a mat with a white cloi,h, and puts two other plantain leaves thele; lastiy, he uses a chair as amal-{tulattcLttutafi. The dishes as cool<ecl are placed in a line, the fir'st chatty nearest to the shel! and so on. Tlie tr(apulrila puts some boiled rice into a rzimbiliya, and" f}om it, deposits a litble on each plantain leaf three times" "[\riih a cocoanub* Note 10, is thc nnrnl,rel rsual in the Galle District. In thc llayigain .-t siyan6 ultrt ^{f,il(ti'ali-*, ser-c* chatties of rice are pr"or.iclctl, a,rc1 se"eri plan[ll" lt in t]rc hitcr' 1itir.a16 the pounding o{'t}rc ptclci,v is clone by trvo

lbr only such clo eat of their saclifices; not tLat they do account su things Lallolved, ancl so dale not,presume to eat them ; but contrariw they aro uovr lookctl npon as polluted neat, and, if they should atter to eat thcrcof, it rvouid irc a reproach to them ancl thcir generations," I'(nox, p. 77.

,r.,,1r".1".U l{ttllurutr6, lvhti havc to purifi, thcrlselves bc{brc criur-

62

shell spoon thrice' thrts tlltTllg.ll each of the seven cuuies taken perfumin ;;;;";;,";;i; i* aclis to the seven rice heaps' o:l^tl (kepaltaratsaud). tlrem arrtl muttering mantras iags, antL after incensing thern puts i"-* trcirttee cake to the ttl"t1] 1:,1 the cakes (one frtim etch in turn)-on

[\-u]' \'lll a. litlle he then mixcs in lhe nimbilit'1o

JoullNAr',

x'

A'

s. (cnrr,,r).

No.3{i.
+^

-lSl3.l

I'ADDY our,'lrl\/A'i'toN

ousl'or{s"

(iB

ff#"?;ii'1*.

ptuotain bunches'from each of whic J*.o ir..it, are iahen ; a liLtle ltirijja (lTil:d""":?*"1.*ll add ;;;;t;i;g' after the oil is shirnmta o1T; is fulther .l-:]:::: ii; .. cieisert"-the o'anges, biscuit''s, $t'-l: any dem ,ir. *r*ir, ir'u iaytiya dis', so that iilJ "r, uray hcip Linlself at p]ti::lt^^,. deniotr !' gn.f or u!ruvrr o_t)u uI ( T{thao ^r, r. Iiol''c'ri Tlris clnrre, tlre tr'a1'urila rnakqs a colre-l)oltch t.:utlofr.]'-t',t'll :trir"'.l ".ti ir a planiaiu i ;t."," ^.?:1,,,i::: it,forrnallv tleposiis it fot l{i,crt-)ltlts fl ;.ii;t;J;f ",ii"ti ( ;;';;,ttpttt natle of three-closs-st'icks piantain leaf' ^' !tat!;yty|' afte a " rice he covers r'ith

"."*

or percePtion of

li'ivaiting for the Ilapurella to first taste something. mul-l.,ulat-tat.luuu and the seven plantain lcaf offcrings The are pla,ced at a little distance fr:om the house-left for clols sncl crorvs, into 'lr,hom it is considered has enteretl tbe diiti
viau..is, on

'lvho have prepared Lhe clini. Llri*,'*o rvell as_-the women the Kapurdla talring some du,rnmala (resin), l.inrll.vr ,,lr*ror* ii with a ltepa-/tarirza-rnantra ancl perfumes tlie 1i,o,l about to be partalien. Those a,qsembletl wl,ole ui' the seat thernselves on mats in a row, and do justice to tlie tScn

f'e Loour, "n,l *t iris bidding the house innratcs offer ii,ni, ,,n,.,,.t,,r'zz, fl,nd are splinkled with the holy saffron

the )lthsay6.

;;t;;,;;;;;i,.tty
i,;1 '

As tlrouglr the superstitious rites of tbe Dcuiryutuul-rldnar1n nn,l .1,-,i./,,/,,i ,,1i-pir'/ima wet'e nt,I suilicielrb " ri,olo ,,n l.lreir fcrsts c,f charitr'," the SiShales e goyigdtoo frequentl;, rcsort to furthel rlevil ccremonies suclr as -I)e,uol-nztttlu, Gam-ntadu,,

"r and" thr:: i,,'tti"g i"-ide three cakes evervthing is tlius :i::::::j'T; irfi.n:tilfl: arra'ged' th iin"n i"ii"ii"r'iirr:u"o)'i'i".

wirich ncetl not be tlescribed

nraiel.y conuected

at length here, not with lhe subjbct in hn,nd.x-

l_,eing

inti-

il;p"t;i"tnppii*tt*

i,i' i i ; ''
t'i,i,: t

;,;;;"'nom the Yattl'. t1"i:", 1*1.11:ll'-:t,i:i: l,r,*i"- it;t tlancinq rvith furbher invocations' he 1lc
t

i rl'1 o tu * tl o c a i o n al v o t : :': : y'::r:ti:.::: ( i; irti- ixopiiiation ( hepa-gummud ; distr'-lunaud')er,ir Xrr,ptr*a .o-u* oui of .tt''u t*-.1id ^1",11T-it:":1 i;i;;";r,;;"-*rt.'"*'a' he knocks at' it' as though seeki
c s

;;ilffiiall

the gods and demons tole:t]t;*:t".",* afresh"and reciting over them a hannatcma
I

NOl,nS.
(

i*';;. "*"i", bririging out the l{(,beri-(totur-ra' which 'ilach J tL* house' Then taking ?ctT i.-".. "t t'he dtur,ay6' ;;; " quid of betel from .lhe on the ,ltt t:.^tl:::- st ;/&Ia'tzrc rcciLes' t""J., rr.f"r'c' and laviug hem e1 "J n,ntl whilst'so-engaged ta'kes one of ,i;;;-t t lhe oo- thern puts a li ;il;;--^nd a plantain liaf",a 1odlishted"'u'"]-''-o ;?;;;;L',cl of footl as weli as stone in fronl of 1,1* the h ;r"] -"- .. D h. .ur.ies to the stepping ' the ttoor time) and tlier:e pre 'fot'itte thirtl (afLel lochLrlg t 7 .:.^.. +1,^ ;;tr? ili,no,t' o t o xt tctnlru(ta A imtin -t ue den i;il;' retut
t.:^^^
6

1.)

Agrnorocr rn A<;n,rcur,runu.
rrlro nray carc to becone thorougLly versod il the sct ,,,Ttt,,*u trtncs atrrl se:rsons7" rvhicir ought to be observed in uativc ^ u8trcrilhtlrl o|si'ut,ions, rvil.l finrl fiill particutals in the ]Iuhhrtttrmetrical trcatise on thc subjecf, by the famous qnrrologer ""_"'.1ii,",,1'1_." Al,pnLrirni, puLrlished at Coiombo in E'pi ig76. cxtnrr:ts from a similar oia, I{S. in the rvriter,s ooil",fuito)uirrg it,^i.'"t,,,, Slvc sorre idca of th: extent to rvliich 16 the stars iu -'"tr cout$cs" irlluence the rction of t)re Siahalese cultivator.
(Sr';lan6 l(6r:116, ro

d'

,.l

Iinown elservhere as l{nr.lauara-I-aksatf

* gl)tcc will noL Irrl'lrlib of
,r,c.. irrrl,r'r,
1,hc

i'

T{e then

,r*ilit]],:l,l':rlicts

irrscrtion o{t tlrc strclal

t'I itr IIrc r itrrrI d li'i!r'I'ir'ti-,ni'liut

r itlir"l,:i 7,,rsl ( (t,rtt'i-furttrtot) is plarted outsicle tLc cornpouutl rvith r("u ).-,,i"'.,.r[, itrrrt tLc 1tl:riltain_lc,af._<:cin0 tLerc oflcr.ed to 1iary'.ara,.f i..rrl"m it, itrr,l pl:rltain-lc,af.-<:cinc therc ofllr.ed liad,a," ttti\tt.ttr;. 'Jlrc y,Jtrru,t, too, is cunsNl.uctctl in thg grirupcruutl, autl

rvit) instead of the ,gipsy-ketlc,

6l

JoIInN,\L, R. A. s' (cuvl,ox).

I )t'li
tr

No,

26,,-.Iss3']

nennv culrrvarroN cusrol\rs"

65

il iott s,

I.-f'lie follorving arc thc trvertty-sevetr astcrisms (neltet) 19.-Mula. 10.-M6rrgkatn. .[.-Asvidl.
il lI

'x

'

-11.-Tbe l.*Ravi

scven daYs rre

:Sun"

2.*Ohandra

2.-IJeratla'

1.-Ptrvapal.

3.-1{cti.

I2.-Uttara,pal.
I 3.

20.-Purvasala. 2l .*llttarasala.

3.*Kuja
4.-Budha

l\foon. I\[ars.

fi

4.-

ll.ehcna'

5.-Muwasirisa.

14.
I

6.-AcIa.
li

7.-Punilrvasa. B.-Pusha.

i
I

;).-nil. 6.-Vis6.

* T:[ ai&. -Sitr.

22.-Suvana' 23.-Dcnata'.

'

5.-Guru
6.-Sukra or I(ivi 7.-$9ni

Mercury,

Jupiter.
Venus.
Saturn"

24.-Siyit'asa.
25.-PuwaPrrtuPa:

I7.-Anura.
B.-Deta

26.- Llttrrapu[u
27.-trt6vaiiYa.

9.-Aslisa.

trV.-The twelve signs of the Zodiac (rdsd) are :-# |. /.- r ula. -I\{6sha.
2.-Wrishabha.
Ii arka{aka.

II.-'Ilrc flftcen lunar .trr'lxcs a,re named :1.--P6lavi)

a.

tlays (tithi) tluring 'which the

8,-Wrischika.

3.-llithuna.

I
11.I 2. I 3.
1

4.Ttrliofos'waka.

9.-Dhanu,
10.

?.-I)iyawaka.
3,-'l'iya,waka. 4.-Jalarvalia"

6.-$ntawalra. 7.-Sata'waka'

5.-Sigha.
6.

* .-

Makara, I(umbha.

I)oiosrvaha.
1'uclusw aka'

- Kany6'
Aommen

12.-Mfna.

8.-A!awaka.

9.-N

arvriwa,ka.

4.-

-i['cles'waka.

cing

Op

erations.

5.-Vis6ni;

n.

10.-I)asawalia.

5.-Pasafoswaka.

'Ihe

snrne or,ler shoulil

bc

firllo-lvet-[ frrr

the Li{teen tithi

V.-Slre nehgt Pusba, 56,, Uttarapal, IJttarasala, Ifitaraputupa, Sita, Anura, and Berapa, and the titltip(laviya, Diyawal<a,, Tiyawaha, Vl's6niya, Satarvaka, Dasawaha, Ekoloswaka, and pasaloswaka, atcl the cla,1's Kuja,, Guru, and Budlra, in the rrisd assigned to the plancts, Guru, Sukra, Budha,t are auspicious for eltering upon a field to commence cultivation.

lv&nes-tlte l5th

tlay beiug tcrme'1 Arndrva ha.f

Ploughing.

* VI.-For_ploughing adopt the following neket t_pawapa,l, Fuwasala, .Pulvaputupa, Ifata, Sita, Mdiekata, Deta, Mula, R6watiya, Anura, Punivasa, Suvana, pushar' Uttarapal, IJttara,_ sala,_ Uttalaputupa, Vis6, ll uwa*i.i.u, D"ou ta ; oja t.ithi -Si, naYrng no riht.t i thc days Ravi, Budha, Gur.u, $ukra ; tLrc
gah.tut.

(a flactiontl or

* sti:icbly spcrliing thcr-etrc 28 tteltet oI astelismg: i1te,ttgIt.ata 'Abi

occasion:rl

"1' Dcr.io.li"al rcvoluiiun occLLpying 27-8 d*1's) lies beNween'ut'i:arasala'

"mansiorr' onil-, conseqncnt.-:tt tl;tt

from the fir.st point of Mdsha rdsi l, andthe solar *","1^a!. tine tlurir:rg w}ich the Sun continues in urry orre na*.

courses. ,,:.". "tutttl(ta ('year') is ihe time during which the Sun travels through all 12 rd'ri in his course, bcginning

11.

Sun, l\Ioon, and planets move through the.sc zrjs,i in

their

Isnu"r.".'
but

piacc'Arihi'(Abiyut) lasi, s:tve'Rdra' (lldvatiy:r), tlrus:-As'sida, tsu Iieti, iltinu, ltiyrheliha, A^tla,, Funr5s, |us, Ahuliha, l'[d, Itura, Utura, IIiin. I{d,1rihri, }Tora, I)orha, }Iula, Furrrhall, IJturu}rala, Iluran, tr) Hiyavihri, Furabatiuruvr, Iasbaeluruva, Ar-ihi, Iiiva' "'lhe titlt'i et.eiata of a'ny clay or time are those in rrhich thc ittoon is in her c through the zoditi,c in that tlny or tiilo." t Tlre lnnar mc,nth is tliviticd inio ??t]'(t ot 1'ttrr;:a, paltttltd, (frorn tlie
n{tcr the new lnoot} to {u1I ntcron rlay), lr,rlri t{t:t{ a{iei' 1u.i} moon to lerv rtloon tlav).

Xllte

llJl,ljvirns rctain the fuil nurnbct of " luna'r

mansi

KJ._""ij*tivelve

ot

rdsi. th-at callecl SitSb,a (Ieo) is altotted to the Sun, ancl to the Moon ; the rest are given ro the other f ve ptaners th.';:,:;'i:^:.::_lheir.position wiih regard to the Sun. t{ithuna and i{any,r, ,,rhe mansions', of rhe Sun and n{oon, on eit}rersirie, b.1.;;";jXrl::l:g .^-.-b ou rlercurv : the i;wo beyond these, viz., Wlishabha ancl TuLi, are i,iili:l^t"_":'rs: the nexb two, -stdsha and l4r1ischika, to "urars: Mina ancl and the last tn.o, l\fakara and Kurnbha, ro Satun. t,:;,:'.1.:11.t''

t";i;:T:].

j ::r,:",:)

o!

a}/ttt\'L

'?{f

i;tll(t \tt'ott

* bili;;;il

or|]^'i,!lj,

'

,1t:e.lhe

cleren f,illr.i from tr)asawaka of Tudusn'aka anit Jalawaka

ui

?ru

,,,iit,i,,,

ra ltah.\a to Visdnil,o
and rejcctcrr

"",];.these.

66

JotrRNAr,, R. A.

s. (cnvr,cilr). [Yol. YII

lnqnasF \\ryishabha, Karliatal<a, NIn,kara, Mina, Mithuna, wl-ri ilre besl; 'I-r-1i6, I)hanu lnd l(nnyi, firirty gooil. At these zelr ?Inal oli:relviug the lttgnrts, u'ah, &c,, rnalie one' three, or fi {'urrows, t itir thc plouglr pJaziug Eastwat'ds, ivithout stooping

looking dorvn.
f,ntr
o

dzr.cin,

VI/a,tcr.

YII.-ilho fbllorving nghgt are good fbr atlmitting n"ater irrto {ield :-}lula, Ptnvasala, IJttarasala, Suwaua, R6lvatiya, l)r:nat i$ilngl<atl,, Ilurvasirisr'r, Puwapal, Deta, Si, and llelapa'
a"gozoin g
u,n

, ,r-i,.rcer)rh prya for eight peurts of the neAet l{qt,i. Itehena' ib"'i'.,"i.n. Uttaraprrlrrp.'r anr.l Hdrvrtiyn. ttH"iiii" i'*'s 1dir1,r-tonrli) frotn tlie hrst [tqyo for eigbt, peyas oI' ,,r,"]iu,, arrtl l)iyarvaka, aga.in at the 47th peya, ilt the 2ncl, ii,i. "'1,r ,itttb pg.vn of 'I'iyal'rrka. tire 20t,h peya of Salarva'ka, itl"izra peuu of I-I:r,tawaktr, 23td Ttcyn of' r\tartaka, the 20th rt,t, of I)iisrtll'al;;r,, the 20th of liho]osrvaka, tLe 20rh of
6 rhc ti,le florvs [or PeYrts. At tlre fonrlb Ttada of the fcrLrr lagnas I'l6sha,, lVrishabha,, tr4ithgna and l(arka,taka, lvater will rise. !'or tlrleslring coru and merrsrrrirll p:rddy, if tJre mornent rr lten nehata,. titlti- and lu gna f'or tlre r.isiug of tire tide are contemporat)eous can be taken, it is begt : iftrvo agree ib is good: one alotte is failly good.

io. za'-r883'l

PADDY CULTIYA1TON CLTSTOIIS.

67

^"i :ind 2'ith of 'lefe,rrvtrlia, the ilth peryrt o{ tsasa}osI)o1o.r.,,"1.,,, 8th *oiro. Ai all tlrese times from tlre comrueucement of' Lbe peyu

d'I.r ansplantin g.

turu,t Pusira,

also obserr-iug the la'y1nn"n'hich these plauets belong to' For soning prrld.y accordiug to tire hthulap system, adopt tlr
aafred

seed paildy at' tbe neftet 1\{1, ['Iata, ll{uln, Tu biiy6,rvasa, A uttra, S/.ra\iuwasilisa, Iliwati;'a, a S u rrn a ; o rt lbe ti tlti \ris6 n iy a, Sl tarva,k ir, Itrkol o swcha.'lclesrT'a k and l'tisaJosrvaka ; aud on the tlavs Sltidu, BLrdlltl, Gutu, $rrk

YIIl.*Sorv

Storing and, Consuning Pat!,dy.

ancl
Sir

L'rrni.lva,sa, Pushn, Auuril, I-Iata, nro to be tzr,heu ft-ir transplaLrting also. N.hich

'lrtnatururt

I[h'

flehe

Orr Srinday mornings iir the month of Mithrrna a'ntl Sigha so

stoling padd,v the nehet I{a,ta, Ada,, M6. ald Rehe4a tlro loqnas Wlishrr,biia, Sigha, Wriscirika, and Kuml-rhru should be ta,lien, a,ud (if possible) nhen seen rvith the planed
turn.
Orr Suuday at suurise

XI.-!'or

r/ padtl;'.
Ilaapdno.
at, the

at Rehena nghata

consurrle patld.y.

IX.-Reap coru orr goor.l dl,ys (i"e. riays having ho aao' nehet Kqti, trielrerla, Arla, 1'ushr'', Si', Denat'a, Si.y6rv
7'
h'r eshin

Eating the New llice.

Itu t'aputup:r,,'lun lltriln, Anur:a, Mlt'"

XIL-l'or alut-bat-hlnta observe a goorl frlli,

14dsha, and Wrischika,

avoirling Nlina
Pur,r6,-

at tl.re neh.et Sira, Asvida, Itra,t:l.

tl

u')?d Mea,s'ut'in q,

anrl at the lngnas. ll ithuua, l)hnnn, Iiulubha, antl Miua, a,ntl w tlie pianets Gurtr und $ikulu are il the sald lugnas, Ail wolk connecteil r,vith patlcly cultivri,tion shoultl be perfor rvherr the t,itle rises {iorn the first' peyrt lbr eight pyusl 2lrd

X.-'I'hreih

cot'n

ai Anrira, B6waliya,, Muln',

Pusl-ra, S6,,

wasa, I'nsha, Suwnna, Anura, llunaturu, tt'lu'lv:rsirisa, J)cnatn, Relieln, Ildrvnti,r'a, Siy6,rvasa, Sir, Mula. M6, and Yisi.

' The rlry tt! 60 ltggtt's or'2{ houls (hd'rd) is in astrological calcu further divided into 12 htqtuds, e?.cl\ lugna camprising roughly 2 The Zagnas are Eylronyrnous rrith the 12 rtisi, artd rotate in tlie same

Ben" (Notes

In spite of the n'ell-ureant offorts now bcing rnade to convert the gouiyri from the error of his ways by opening a School of Agriculture. antl the introtluctiou of moclern appiianccs, it ig to be feared that vcars must ela,pse before his *i,r,l is disatnrsetl of the conserr.atir,le rrotions he shares rvirh the A:rner.ican o! !-aLrner
saicl Fanuet llcn. 'Ihis farmin' by books and rules, And sendin' the boys to learn that stufl

the first {,agna of each ciay rr,lways being that of t}re particulnr rtisi, ot through l'hich the Suri is passing. $ee, too, C. A. li. Joum. 18I pp. rsi-te+. " The Priuciples ol Sir"rhalese Clironology," by liev. C. Al

altl eucries) :* "l tell ye il's lonsense," At

'I'hus on Sunday, Ada anil Deia, on Tuesdrr,y, Deta and Suvlna, on Tl Ada, ou I'dizly, Visd, and on Saturday, I'undr','asrr and Suvrrla, ate a Tlrele are !0 bad (dds4 rl.&ll'v dd:jd), and. 4 gttod^'yigus.

I funaturu', i.e" Ilttarrrpaln, Uttarasala,, Uttaraputupa. ! -hu-ytigr:r,, i.e. the unlucliy conjunction of certaiu meAel with

the rg.ricultural scliools.

special

Iiut

Iiotation o' clops anrl anaJysis ! f'alk that to a youug baboon !

ve neecln't be
belier-e

telliii yel

science

Ilor I

to

nrt,,

in the rnoon.

68

JouRNArr, R.

a. s. (cnvr,ox).
and yer wheat

[YoI. VI

Ifye plant yer corn ffit's

on the growin'moon,

{a;---,sssJ "i "'-" ^ :^t "trvAr osr qco

oN c usrous'
6x5J

69

And ptit np the lines for crows,

You'll {ind it will bear,

will, too,

4.

X]^:^Ye qzdoz8

s.a o,e,6c

q6"i

qcazs6

8s

o5J
6\{tJ

decent land where't grows. But potatoes, no1v, are a difl'erent thing, ll'hey want to grow down, that is plain; And don't ye see you must plant for that When the moon is on the wane.

:':::4 dilgj q6P6t41) qeesi 5'"'Y^"o,e.'i e6 sJ mScs sJ

Xt-a

n"sz:;;"'?F:ry'3:
aJatqedq oeorcovJ

o{rJ
6rgJ

e)l'Xiip. od'oqo @o oqerl

ol'J
ouJ
o{tJ
6\6J

plantin' and hoein' and hayin' time, It is well to have an eye On the hang of the moon-ye know ye can tell A'wet moon from a dly.
So iu

6',
a

*:s ;:;z,gF':l iS,s;" 64 oAlAgJ

-arsi Fl@oi X..a aaA P6EO OleoQC nauO zoQd 6q o89:l gzrfn@ OzD q9d O@6J
r-rla@ 8@ @e nz:rj Oe@'rf Xot-O eooren:85J OoJ q'desi

6llj orJ
osJ
o{tJ ocrj oeri

hayin', you wise ones, now Are cuttin' yer grass too soon; "{1'you want it to spend, just wait till it's ripe,
.A.nd as to

"

And mow on tlre full o'the moon.

o:tJ

*****
With farmers' rneetin's and grrnEes nerr Folks can talk till atrl is bluc; But don't ye be swollerin' all ye hear, For there ain't more 'n hall on't true. I'hey are tryin' to make me change my planso Bui I tell 'em I'm no such coon ; I shall heep right on in the saJ'e old way,
Anrl worh
my

l.
2.

furm, by thc ntoon !

3. though

(8.) Culrrvarons, SoNcs,* L.- Whilst bailinq Water.

t. OOgo: gdeoq

4.
6ri
orJ 6\{tJ
6\etJ

pO: d8dlqei
@O

oOerJ OQ @ocd 6@eoQ

96

dcongf

6)DiO

6roc

@OE

5.

@O Oeoa;d1

o$rDDa

gq

oor@gd ascc\O8 eQcoes: ft] ooetJz$5 eoz8co grJ dO qc

ogerJogd oeef6d, usgoerj D? p{tJ qtd ococd O@ orz$oeoas Or flo@
@z2d1O a:@erc

oO

oo
o@
6\c,]

6' _ r'

By him dcscrted, how may I sustain my grief ! the lliendiy earth quake and tremble,Maha l{eru thunder with torrents of rainThough thcse, and such like portents, thou beholdest, Whatever thy undertaking, it will not prosper. A woman empty-handed, or bearing empty pot, A beggar, be he deaf oi' be he blinilThese in good journey sbouldst thou meet, Fruitless will be thy going. Heal rne, ye learned, that benefit the world, Consider it with mind unfettered : Galadevi, grant me to receive wisdom: May the assernbly not firrd frrult. Fcllows, a miglrty boon is sced; Desilcrl of every creatule I

With scalding tears I bathe rny breast ;

T,ike the moon shining in {irll splendour, 1\{y beauteous enclearing lord' Since the day of departure thou returnest not as yet Till I may reach thce where rvilt thou remain ? At a. desolate torvn ofNegroes I arrived, Lea'r'ing kith and kin for a foreign land.

ln

firrittr"ul lund

it nnrltiplics:

oEro

@er:oOd OzSOres $zo ey o@ rsrdd g1O gQo8o eY o@ OzOenizo 6oo oOoerjeo

eed

d
uJ xri 6J
ungrammatical anil clisconr

Worship olr the Tcacher. Oflantl.acquircd spv out the Iow plaees; wause nce received to be served with glad heart; From.stunrps autl roots ever stlive to r.id you, tsuilding tlanrs for tanks aequilcd
st::Lnzns nill be found in atmost the same form in a small Harvest Songs styled Gogan.rntilaya, printecl in Colombo, lg8l,

]tl spccimens given , i tusc as tatren down arc ihroughont but

meaning is in places very obrcure.

from the mouih of an oiclinary illiterate guyiyci,

p.lT.\::t^*1.. r*^w!ur

?0

JouuNAL, n. A. s.

(cnvr,or)' [lrol' VI

"a No.'"' -1ES3.-l

Pr\DDY cIILTI\rATroN

crlsTolfs.

71

l.

eolOoqSocol geced oq:r} gSoq8coctOrS o??O O8:denO 6 qr aoi'S oq rJ Ccsd qdif gar' esiOoqd cs :;Joco o q i"lqq dzs:oqeJ 9 og: porzsd 8a6f geo

IL-Ile.a'Pers" Sons'

o '

2. L!t.1

Jr"-=ea.ag o'ilo'gja;.*8ig-oec'e'locigb'oq8ocofocorloqs} otrosus ecceeo gdzdsoq8ocol oo

lQaro^q'? qOO:eo.8rrJ oqqe'Y OrOoeen Qtz$rd3 gdenO qdcl6: d

gotl of tle srtu's ra,ys shiuing on the hill has now shsdcd uttr gang: lVith fortune-bringing sickles in right-hancls invoke we melits on ttrre Mother' Slould tle goyi-lord on the highiand hear me, I shall receive
1l'be

tl'it

May all this eompanyr grea,t aud low, recite songs witl,rout
bi<-:kering'

t'ergar'tl:

.., ab o e i azri oco' I O o':2 si o' a q t eqo65r16o zoE 3:: S' 1]' 11o -t3 eesocrJ H- }-;! .et- 'oa' oa.'oi gto 3. ar$er cozrloqs oe65J Sneoo 9"1i-tlf,e^11f ece' ' ersnd@ qor odoerJ

g.

Ja9^@oaodsr ;#;; qsJ g:r} E3Er-torgo ugo*:rl 6haod oznqOgocosJ@a oqc} qood @o o.qE'tO ao8 's-.o6o erl,8'SoqOoei - ..6I erOrnoo 6SsrOoz6tfdo6f ed8g fldo:es OzQ6 co n oe ;;.66 erod, OrSogto EEgo qg'ao'd8loococozei ;dzo,ee'ooe gf,-Do B6@oe'6o*. PF 98ct ;@ ;;;o 6a2@ odz6o..-t 6A s e."\l8O:tj ezrj OdrOasfoeoatrdr oq888oasf ocziiroiQO 9 u' gsJ qecj@ qecrq ct\eor oqdo$f :#5;;"L g5q$ zsr3'8-Scsrerq 69o9 treo^o il;3;t ;5 bd;- a.a geZoo"to qq oqmsq qoeed te*8oq:rJ OO 6.* @o6f Odrd OO 6co.6$ eqzod oq8gd3 EOeo6 SEoqrJ " a,e,n o6 irJaal tcoo qeogooo oeei i;E

Srlcdevi, descending I'rom his aboc.le, begs alms in hi"o ascelic garb of Yole : 'l'he corn sown on the rnudded golclen roch bentls dorun ripened

ears:

lYith boiling water dressing food by supernatural power the

rvcl'e giren, l\lay goddess l'atiini grant me permission.to composc and these verses'

ahns

recite

;;;";o -t""

n*3Ti9::?

4. In lluyigam

li6ra16 reno'wnecl tlrcre grew tbe fai'-famed palm tree, Ftrir beyontl words of poet, with manifolcl beauty crowned I l'rom hamlet unlo hamlet knorvn, iike lotus petals, cxpanding on the tree, ll*rely tbis palm-florver bloomecl gloriuus in colour. tbe clay has passed since morning, nor failecl of god's plo.

r.*

otd F?c oo erE e.Ddea bg-a @coeo6f qesTmoo^oerd SEoq:rJ t-:1u1. o6 Zriori e1co6 e;E ;e.6 og8
q,,JOgod ogre e,ee$od
:Oo r'oJu'erJev 6, ar oo

5. I{alf

tec tir.rn,

coeo

c;?3'01ll

6'cezrasi

Irrom head to foot tlrro' every linrb god has blessed and pleser'.r'ed us I

3. '

:"?9i oco orcoco dduo,,+od O$orod rjfii^' t- oao:t3 oq-8o:ri or,. odJBeo''qzs oq-o:r'Qo:J 9o 1(aocrr #;;t&; oqs ogorJ oO@q oord 91CPs @q@ qo o dt]ftfi

\ ) E ?) e, clo?.? sr' 6f a '1 - - -

::::-?f::g-'

'Jhe songs in rhyming meosure we loudly sang to-day have made

the.rvelkin ring.

l\'ill leave be blithely grauted to ftrrego work the rest of

tlu;
?

the

;;J;;dsoialoa'r o'Q el oof';6foQQ5f o a5f qdodqoese rtl es9tJ ooaQ@q eg@L-tl'oDo9 9loore $o :d 60r o1j q.tE a6t

e. lolri.toi
l.

:il;;J;;;a-X6 'i*.,'o-s',r eozrloqoeol oq oocd Qocso Q?-"-d*T*.:?

6.

GoJ, grant me to tell in vetse the flower's fame,

Of tire lovely tank liiy's golden hue, its petals

splead

in

teu

;;;;;t;J

Odr: g0rtood oqEocel I Lrodessj ed':eo2@6ftg oo6 JZrll X,..ooos-* aoQg@ erslcrslcozrf eooors 8g qco sscosr

oqtdrrJ 8g

ertter the 6eld afterwtrrshi I\'lay ali the gocis permit us to

's''5*-"i

dilectir,ns, As o'er the water"s surface tLe Ma-nil's scent is scattered: Its petals spread iu teu directionsr golclen-hucd as tbe lovely tank lily.

d;;;;ii
p9yas.

seut obtain ecr, o. g:l' i 1"::": 1l:-:^i:- :.:t.t thc sttlr's ll'*" i\Iay tLe clouds keeP us co'"1, tlL:rclirrg

the sun god:

?";

"''

7. l'he seecl was sown and sprouied, antl like a grove rose the tree I Like boughs of bamboo shools entrvined, tLe pahn-florver's
pageant seerned:

'i"i it""-",* J"ui"t r*"i

sl,anzas probably

all evil' granting peace these

Lur"d by sigbt of the floner-petals the rvayfarerhis journey

f'ciIgets.

l.o * These

formpalt olilte

I<ctra'mal'a-ncntt'n'nrt'tit'ct"

I ti'orn Gosua lakc clescelding the hcep us 0oci (of rlcrt:y).

erjl to avelt, in

safety

ryo

JouRNAL, R. A.

s. (cnvr,on). [Vol' VI
No,

16.-i-c83.]

r,rour-

TjIII.TIYA'I'IoN

r;usi'orrg.

7li

8,

mora'l Orcharcl of golclen tgmbili,* lime, orange,'beli't

(8.)
1'enu.
resenrbles the custom This tabu

Saman-devi. 9.

offereil celestial vestures ancl 6r The god empowered, with both hands ofieled flowers of I tree ; Golden haSupztl lotus of the N6ga rvorld divine N6gas ofle Tbenceforth continuously all people of the world w

l'bat

clay seven goddesses

ulha ouly outward indication that Pomali is being resortetl is a bunCle of maize leaves stuck into 1,he ground, or bushels to of rice susl'entletl f'rom a bamboo post, either in a rice fieici or of a person who is ill. All strangers are foruntler the house to cross the thresholcl of a house where the signal is bid;en
place ,'l'

'

the Alfuros niak" of f3orneo, -i"rtumei Islanders'

of ,rPomali" practiseil by the of Celebes and Timor, uo.l tlru

Samanala.

t.

2.

Worh, qOce gd ao8 e$cod$ Seucs:eo qr qroco @oco:rJ ao8 geo6 zsOdaogq SerJ qero eD16\coc gq grztJDO gaoO 8Ee oOtrJ 8co oOzrJozr} 8g @qeo gSaJ ecOo: OrJ close
oq 06q oeocq oeo6@ Oz4.eo:oO cos} gdtnd 6co o3Dctr8 Oo esrgaordoqt'j

lll.-At

of

' ,,Mr.llugl:
oO

oltj
oerj

o5J
otJ

a.riOaS.ri oeoiiJor gtO,:ri coeceoC8co Or@or tor@ 6o00 6gal8 Oco aerSo:$oD @c@oc

oetj.
ar

3.

o@ eoOd od@co coenoasrO-Qqdgoqer geq eS@ OgroO rrJ OQen oasrr.6o00-1nrdtrs)r 6c5rE q*qo@ osnd Qoco grQd ereqrJ- @i63eslOr@ Ogeo qaqo@

qreocSSgloJ oq8g O1O8O-@gd oerde:rd

I

qq

oO

came intent on singing to while the livelong daySay when again, my comrades, ye'll Iisten to my lay'

Ifkinsfolk now stand by us, all trouble will seem light, And in Maitri ]luddha's f'east with one accord unite. lYith sport andjest full varied our pilgrim path we cheer, Ilark ! the band before us shouts sridas ec)roiug clear :
The palace.shrine who beautify, to crorvds tire land gives Safragam's fair temple, the frontal-mark of earth ! As surge tbe rvaves of ocean, the thronging lines go by, Theirhair-knots bound in circles dark, like stars in midnight Likejewels gleam the torches, adown the four-spread iane, The patron god in howdah rides, as in a wedding train.
+ The king-cocoanut,

of Pomali, or. as he calls it, Pamali. ,(Tlte ll*nt,al,i omar'2 or tabu on the ftr,rms. occurs imrnei.liateiv after the wbole of the seed is sown. It lasts fr-,'r days, ancl during that period no pcrson of the tribe enters any of the plantations on any account; a pig and feast are accoriling to their praclice a.lso (t necessary."-Carl Bock, lfead Hunters of llorneo," p. 2BO. The oraons and Mundrlris (hilr tribes of rntria) .bserve similar precautions to propitiate Des6uli a,nd J6hir B6rhi for a blessing orr the crops in their '( Hero-llouga" and (, Bah-Towli-Bouga,' sicri_ fces, to which the ('Karam" of the Irol vilragers is neariy alied. t(Eacir cul{i'ator sacrifices a fowl, and afte' some mysterious rites a wing is stripped off a'd inseried in a cieft of bamboo antl stuck up in the rice field. If this is omitted, it is supposed that the lioe will not come to maturity."

Low, in his 'Sarawakr' also mentions threekinds

(4.)

Ksu.

on, Cnanys.

(I.)

Against Gelopanuuri (Grubs).

{' .l0gle marmelos. { Asclepias acida.

** Feronia elephantum. tt Bassia iatifolia.

$ Mangifera intlica. ll The wild date-palm.

{[
$$

Shorea robusta,.

tl The trumpet

flower (Bignonia

A kind of cocoanut. l\{ichelia champaca. llll

q$P'c?,j $fo *Jil toe."jfilt er 86 de{,cDaJOosJodocd

""f O;;::lY: 9COO,,'"T

.Si19g 1T.afT?-p."16{[,]**-, s coo o1so, ; oaxn Q sco er1 ; oo: d dcoc grroO os:r E zr} 9 gf dOc ; 96f gr .@_crg E ;;;-:j:* 6,oo].t^K'1tf 5's:'eor; ".5 d ezg'dre:; golo:{ cgQo!6 o"tr.,:-o g,e*:l".:" <z?'o: ; eo;J d j otcozsi er gO: ; S g dcSeo :iJo srodo-jJ c'p3ef. c$t r;;:"1:' t-.dgodo g,6fdo,; o8o r) eqoef gazst
o:r,-io6iq
E

6<rJO:rr

-t,

9:;

S SOoJ Q

aodgC e1Qeo,; ey aodgb co,rf Ocno g dd, eo slOer: eiJoedocri g: g;oc oedO 969 d 8co ozocosr, orr] 8oc, qosf geoco
qcg;eoroOrrJ

suave olens.)

qiJ

qtrsf

1.+

.lolr l{NAl',

ti' l' ri' (c:t':vrr''l)'

[\''(ri' \rItI'

Ncr.

:16.

-- i E83.] P,\DDY cui,'r'rvA?roN ousr,o[{s.

it

a n'Ljle iu t,,rlJ if li)r

ii*

snloke, ovcr wlricL !e has mrrt[ererrl chu,r',r 108 tiLues, a'd a{terrvar.tls l.elease futtutui,,g it in tLc:

rosil

fieltl:d,rj.ogl Ee6,crl Ag dt4or.rJOa:sJored See:Cc Oc" ored Cr:r$.sr a6iao frdta6--1?,?: 9:g1oroe.d, qglrf oo o'a:otr3, @C o,d"*t, grodocor, oo:O{rf OreJoaf, oo::OO$ e 26D 6oel ogrrg5 -jO OO
8g)tt
r:ro

9l
e0"

co

5zs2 O a:

orrio,

oo:Se

rle

stro,v

g 9! o P u'nrr'r:

ti'

lhem ing P;rir rePeatcd over

(6) fol tre collectetl fi'om apltnt' anil the Seten of these grrrlrs

:-

$:or5q

Efor8

OO

e"aod OrE6'
hcst'o1a

t, dispel tLe "" rlr*"._,i;*.,1 errrtlt y.r.rrl,s ef ,t,;, t;"i,t, oruf, bla,'l< llics, l)robosl is-auned flic.. .antl it be so! ( -U,,sudh 2. &wry (r)rJxt,, _6du) ; stay not. -l,et Nurn,i ! Ye llorver-flIles, fr(,boscis-x.nlerl liics, tiry flies, asL flies, b,r.* f11;p tlr e rnrtirth of (j aj u - k u m l, t I ul u. r ti Is lt ct- d I u u tri ,rr.irrtl tbis fie,i.,. rrr the narne of trre (o,r';:;;:;"*,i"irl1i",,l'"'"il Dcril','' 1 Raruudt ). IJe i1 sr' !*
pestiJcrl.'c ,_t t-,1".

1f,' Odo":rJeder. O,nnr.ttrd! Ily the porvcr

69

o;a^!ze+o1lco,

:J q gd eoorC,Oenr Or osi uslp s;; ;J rJ OzeJ 6e A 9B ozdocsJcs,9d @r<Jo*l* ro".*:o.oJ

of
Lcn.d llt-tltlha rvbo ca.mc
r.6,1.y

*,.:ra rity,'ll-ixiln,.rli.

drr. all

- r

a:t6e1'"a1A

Ottti;CF e:a;Oe to$ Oo6r$c'

(1,)

o : of tlre essuuue 1,, *; "r. illustrtous moutlts of the

r

;"' J,;;'

It

llny tlre nll-atrspiciorts ;

*'t u'

;i: "' :tTl'i: ]:^.'"]::,

qoddessof spcech,lSaraswati)' the

:1,T,"'

1 i l',1"X l:

Hi

'Ihe followirrg rvell-kuown qdthdwa is recitcrl l0g tirues over sorno soud, rvbich is strevrrr in the field at dusk. rvhile fotrr Ja.m1.,* (the oii u:ed having been prepared rvifhout bciug ta,sfeJ) nre kcpf buruing at its Ibul conlels :c:OOe;:er-;r*

(fi'rrm ali evil)"'

j::::::lli?T':Tli;:'il.1""i;';:T[x'j -#fiat";;,:;foul the bnried.

this ccrcmonv of tnls ceruurut'J
clusiotr retnaiu

pd'$-pf4,n:t'. 'Ihree are tlten rlurnt with

cot'ne

gzs:d6o

!1":..:tljTr :i"'l:
placo'

arooe,rrc

6eel&c,

.$a:"

eo:c;tief,r5't:^1.1 qq:Jc,

o:.'::illll1-"11 ]tro "*- ^a t d'di!/"oou'I au rrrnfroquented peyas\n f:r seYerr fPyas lll a' rrrrr drrrub 't'uoJo
t

ill

A<rqnire rrrer:it:

QOce;eraeo, r\Lstain {,r,,,nr nll sirr ;

:

i,ru.ify tlre lrear.l

tlre l]urldIta,s c(.)niitlrildnlefl t. ,'F,r'il swcll. llre rlebrs tl rrr.r(;ou,l (lrlircr\ nnrl rr.rlrri'rs. Sirun evil, fr,li,rrv gooci; lxrlcl swav 0vcr thvseif. llhis is the way.,, " ( Light of Asia. ) .n'I'hr,rug;,uu6

fhis

he reurains mute'

(III.)

Against '4f,essd (Fiies)' (a) in a loneiy

s

]]tt
rlt_

t'e performa,nce of this hema, a,ntlurrtil rLext nrorn_ l,t.-"oo so ocr:ripietl rnust uot converse rvith anybody.
%
i

the previouslight Tho Yaltilessri shoultl spend otl'"' (pi'u*:!") ^;d?y':r":151 on after having.pot "t"uo "i m ornin g'-'r ith ou t commun i cating g iirlo "'r' 1."''r'o" fol I o w in 7t caught a flv' he shool'l go to tile fiel'I' I:[a'r'ing

The l{attzidiyds not lrcing wor_ Ithih,,,,. underslrrndj *ri,Ur,,,,,]' !il1r 1flntly, rrrtl nob undersrrrnding rh" porport rh; ;;;;-.;r; :l]1,"^|i'"t'" nrysrcrious t" Sf .ilil! tu thom sornc nlysrerlous magical propcrties, freq"f maglcal \inhut,l"^ "^"ll_l', soxre reniiy arlcl them ctar-nrs, in.r'hich the viltues tnar-nrs, in.r'hr'ch 0r*,ifr_i'll. q*inJ;,, r:mnipotence and r:mnipoience of llldclha arg axr '', rrr \'{ rv i,rnnrli),r1uent
style, in the e:;cl'si.it.

;'il:T]:l:1i:*,,Tt':'' Jiih. lh:. *":r]. o' r.t rr p, vlicrr in Falsrrpir ,i*ruXi*:*i1il1Jiiil''i'l'',i,'i"""1i:?l,.?l;;*i;;,i;":l;: *ipr*^-^_"],,,,11ro thc Hindf Trinity."
,

H;;;;;i.

of

thr:rse

.f

the Ilindri

?6

;Ioultl{Al,,

11.

A' s'

(<;llrr'ox)'

[1rol'

\rlII

yo.

l6.-1uS3.] rl.rruv

cur,,r,.lvAl'loN

Lrusrolr{s. :-

77

(")
Wit'b red santlalwootl, ground to polvder, t'his on a rabdna, or the drum of a tou-l'om :gt'tr'nza

is writt

same ceremonies lrave beeu noted in fndia lluch the

Idangal panni sutti segti

ftta Ttido mittli Ad,anga nu"un puje segrzt

,,,ffi{;i;;1i#;1;,
And heaping ashes on it, Pelform ye many a lite." farnil Popular Poetry," by Dr. Caldrvell, in Ind. Ant., vol. I.) 1,, ,, lVlren Gonds, I(u.kus, or Bharias start togethcr irt their tilli

benefit.

it' is placeci been lrnllowed by the recital of the gtithdwa over (temporaly altl'r tlecked] with lea tlre field inside a ntal-pekllt ffelcl repe and florvers). At dush a man shoultl walk round the
a pi ing the same stanza antl beating the said tom-tom n'ith (creeper). This clone, he must retile try the entra <tf hrtyila-uela he cu*e in at. closing it. and sleep that niglrt in an untenan

la,rnp fed

by miatel (oil of the Bassia latifolizr)' which I

iroitss.

they take rvith them some ashes and Iudian cornseeds, and astheyg.' along theykeepmaking circlesrvith tbe ashes, and place in their centre the seeds of the corn. 'I'his practice is supposecl to keep n,rvay_all the bad rvill of trlne Tlsqsqs.',-(Notes on the 13harias, by C. Scanlan. Assistant Surveyor, in Ind. Ant. Vol. I. p. lJ9.) According to Mr. Ievers (C. A. S. Journ. 18g0, p. 52, DLgramj ths figure described on the tbreshing-floor by the culrivato.s of the Kfga,lla District co'sists of less than seven concentric 'o circles with four cross lires. Tbis is a uote worthy departure from the ditr,gram us,ally seen
crops,

(5.) narA. oR'l'ElrEsHIN6-FLooR. tt t6 to tread their corr," writes I{nox (p' l1)' th When they ale r choose a convenient adjoining piace' Ilere tLey lay out a
K.E

concentric circles witlr tlvo diameter.s betrveer the eardirai poiuts would seem to be drawu.
Precise directions alo laid dorvn in ttte

elsewhere. 'rhroughout the low-cou't.y not more tlran three

regarding the oreparation tif a thresling-floor

Tsn

f,:ruhu.tn-"{;r:;{.,t
E-

(sranzas 2sT_zat)

:_

grouutl, some twenty or Jive-and-twenty foot over, they cut away the upper turf. 'I6e' ccrta.irr cerernonies ivhich useil. Irirst ttrey adorn this place with ashes made into flor and branchcs anti round circles' Then they tzr'lie clivels shells antl pieces of iron, and some sotts of rvood, anil a bunch
piece

of

betel nuts (which are reserved for such purposes) antl lay these in the very middle of the pit, and a large stoue u
them.t' See also Mr. Brodie's Paper

in C. A. S' Journa'I,
a rvood-cut

1849, p'

ancl Davy's Ceyion, p. 275 (whcre

is given)'

\v.
triad. Sometimes, hower-er, the names of Bt:ahrna, Vishnu, Siva, aud I]incld deities are fountl mixeil with those of lJnddha and other B divinities in irretrievable confusion in the same charm. Nearly every
Sausklit, SiBlralese, or 'Iamil, ends \titl\ It',su(ih-tl" corruption of the Sarstt Sori,l*., corr-ecponditg to "Amen" in me*uirrg. (C..d' S. Jonru, 1866'6' P'o

o:otqi-S
PgnO

qrq sre e{DerJ

257

,i.qcro cl.n! aslgE

S6 oqE6asi gO Qo gD <Jeo eoloor6:6door6r 6di eoz,reio:

{Drzs)rar gSoqc.og
ccesl

g$oOg;

o o o
a\

:E

J0rilt)ii\l', ti' A' tj' (curr'or)'

258

l.\toi. Vi.I

8O zoO oqo'O6 as:e88 octrgco it9oa-lc O,;oortOgl 66a2r:JOto ^,e q-O:O

259

{D 5J

, q(t--- 1853.-l rADDy crrLTllATr.)N c(rii,J,olrs. 7\) l{tr' -"' :rr,d Nortl. ('lroose a lncrlty /rrjrri* in Tztnu.trtrurra*el ([ittata. .:"o llest Ll tta ru l tupr) on [i ur:u ('l']rulstlay). .l Ie tlrlesliing.. t torr."t., lt"'iol U
rr,r

Oiq8-6,a;@ oedclOedrdr erDoO .1 ontlat^tO:r} <fl O C doogcs oodQd

oed g$eCz e1e;1 oeorgeorlmrO

6@

61)

ooCQco 6, c;do:'c1fl doo:do Og'co ea c2d. r4{) a26tQ 6ooecjdO^ocr:

6t

260. of foll;nnate l}:lrnba (llt'alma) por,iioru, ttig; the uraltaala irr tlru uritlsl clear tlre bonnt.larv th.ain, ancl have the: arahg.ala ,prott,,'tiorr ,1ig. _Lole'), Lrt'r,trgbt and placed by the hands of a male cLiid rvibh ,t,o.,,,r,li,,n.st,,,tc')

llul]*,,,rr

c,rrstttrctetl $'ili ensure success as clesired.

).'rf..r,

fi'.t'',', t lil<c 1'urnl,uti (nroon.)

rogs:

O1O

pOorlco

O{5-1oO

&
e e
(j
o o o

26 r,

260

60 OOecq Olqzse@':-J q:dadeqt tnO ca;QcoO oO'5 Ozld co'::

pqiJ
261 . : - ,- ,Ao{ '5\ -l':Uq alrJr I a"J A:lOl,*Zl5 e,a;

Ja'firll;' ba.the-.tLe bod.y with pcrfurncd water : there sacrifice cluly olicl asbcs oharmecl lty rnatttras, ancl elcircle tlre threshto the tlcrnr',*, rvitlr a tLleld htllorved by tbe Nat;aquna-gtithrit:a. ing.{loul The M$, from _Pa,stluu l(rjral6 gives a sonrewhat different diagralll'

g.r:ytrrti 6(io9'a 96.E zs:dore: .:la.oia, ea3od octrsJeo znO qdaicl

oq@rJ 48ogot qq

$!eAO

ege$.

E.

qtlo

t.rOq

8E

co:q

qeOa2Scj'

qd eO@;l
'fo
ma,he

rneo2'6oceei3 coe 91q

6dez3orasc 5,or asrOelO

a 'I'hreshinq-fllot'
257.

N.G

:a

258.

oae
lv. 88$gor:gc qzero coOrsld ozd zoeE8 sus: oOoeSsJ
7' h r
e s

: likervise the torvartls the tbut direotions'are pro{itless ancl bnd {bnr are {brtunate' ldecl<on SouLh un rt titl"A space : the niitidle " frorn East to \\rest linishing agnin at' Itrast'
6)<t)

second circuiar 'l'he sixteen nglrgl stanrliug on the outer and

ozs::sJOo o,e.o6,rdgeo qO gpO egO co Ozq gOorias:1zri gA ere oooeDeq

g0 ,sco

U.j

oJ

Of the 1ti portions

of,

grountl clescril:ed by anoient sages" sclect

hing

-1flo

or

D i agr utn.

6 Tire sixteen portious of la,nd, as gilen \t t'he M'iu'i,nto!.n!*'*,?, follou'ing : -Sigh,iidr:aya, Szirdkriraya, 13rirhmalidrtl'a, Sul'hrikJr:lya'-u krirayn, Gdndharvilidrl';'a, Chatrrikdr:rryl, I'rltrtilitirayr' Ilai$:f+tif

lext tlrc twclve at the carclinal points are unlucky. ,lhu.iS)rt_roL"l ,ii"lljo)],n,:. midtlle eight nehet witt bring luck. piace fifai lsun) at ,no,i"I.l*,ul',ttr{ point) aud calculate Soutl"rrvards. Thus counting, resolve
tle
tr,"

v Chatultvdhdr:rya,, Rrihshamuh!rd,krirlya','I'tisulrihdraya, Grngrikrirdya' aro I{trrnmdhrirayn, Nancli,liriraya. Jahtalilidrayn' 1'o these k6,rrya, dil tirnes aclcletl l(aratalS.hdlaya, A'yntanlukir.raya. Iu pad'n-bt:t|'|nt'a'-or into liuilcl'rng 1ots, the subtlivisions are:--'Rra!ma-p:irleyti' ttewa-v*' & selected &b trtranussiy*-pridaya, 1)r'etnlridayrl, of nhich tlie last is netcr kattr'rn' nor tlroge port,iorrs of the othcrrs o*l1etl fecllnicaily del! tnil

"J,ils-;"'""'

oiug"u-.

ot6.r]ilotiuers ruIl)osc rla[ rt]e same sel.en god.c to wlrom the supervisiou ser.en god.< whom the 1",-_"";".-,o supposc tirat the ('t tlre Trcck IO"ao i.irl nt the week arc approprilted, preside over each successive seien approPri ,a* ilrl 3:rni.'*l,i,i, flont tlrat otre to s' hom the rlay belongs, but in the followi To.r, s"ri"\tj-is

n..,;..il-'_:ll,i#; i:o."i',,t"*""r;;;;'ilil.;,lfi ;,';;;J"i';i:l"J:Tl"f

80

.roIInNr\L, R. A" s.

(crivr,ox)' [Yol' \rI

n.0.

26,-i883.] rannv

cur,rrvArroN

cusroMs.

g1

(6.)
Arypur<uer/ua Csnr:uoxv. The form of the A'ndu'hertm,r, ceremony (t'hough not kno uncler that name ) as practised in the Siyan{ K6ral6 differs to
cxtenb.

(I.).-'Iun

,"p"""tc the stlaw (fi'om the paddy) tvith five tleti* f.rroo, Deti, deti, what d,eti ?
GoId, cleti, silvet dgti,

.1s'ar.ed

arrtl the crop rca,ped and placed on the threshing-floor, five

t\e

After the corn is threshed and before removing the straw f hantatct,, fir'e cultivatols, each tahing a dgti, repeat the

lon'iug rvortls thrice

:-

Ratupila, niha, tlemala, hobbi, hoson rlgti. l'atring fi:te oI'these clgti, Five (uren) stand and toss the corn: .l'wo (rnen) drive the bullocks : The god looks on:
Cultir.ators work, Nay manifold return attend this royal hatnatu tlis

6\itr:rroC; 8ari5-3 ocr8 a;:rJ8o;orJ co@OO oeC61o:Oc argO EdOO; ozsJoe:,6 oqoerefl z2oJocat3 cadoretff soocad co{tj(

cozr} O 96c, Oreorzs:oa::rJ co@eogcogoOr$si 8g@orsrl:rJ

(harvesi) titre

o*saqge, eq d6orQ er8

..P -"A .-6)n qtrj geJ .!ilv4
rreJ ^"e

zog8Oes$ rettnoc oll:3coerJ

a:rgEOO qOc

Conrpare ttre I-Iarvest song ( trIuttaril of (Gover's Folh-songs of Southern Inclia, p. l2l)

the Coorg ryots :_

6a q.a 64 s.a
mOSe 6ao
oq@O

.'l'irst they pra.y that

oesroot o'ls:orocrsi 96
trVaiting

God's rich grace Still should rest upon their race.

oOt:reJ geB et:zsl ocoen:

till

edoqoarrl8O ozorgtog: grg9

6rqoito:z5J oorr eJ qzsfao.6 oqEoco{ OiO836 oclrEocsf OrOzodE
o@c"oO de3asOoO ga':c coeoedj oerc@

Milk ihcy sprinkle, shouting PolD ! PoIi, ! Deuari !

the gnn has roared

gay,

lilultiply thy mercies, f,ord !

(II.)*Tnn Aul.nnrd Conpuorvr.

It is interesting to find a.n analogous custom, mutatis mtttanclis, existing to this ciay in many rural districts of Englant.l, anj marliedly Devonshire and Cornrvall. fhe custom of (t crvi.g trre nech"-a relic of olcl heathe' worship, whether of 'I'eutorLic or Celtic origi', to the gotidess who presided over tlre eart]r's fruits-is thus described in Mrs. Bray,.s ttlrnditions of Devonshire" .JIIhen the reaping is finished, towards evening the labourers ," select some of the best ears of corr from the srreaves. 'rhese thev tie togetlrer, antl it is called" t;,e naclt. Th" .";p;;; to.a high place. The mau who bears the offering stands in the ";;;;;i nitlst..an,l elevates it, while all the other labourers fbrm them_ octvss 16[6 a circ]e abo.t hirn. Each h.ltis aloft his hook, a'd in e rlroment tlrey all shout tbeso worcls : Arnach 1o, oi ,roiS, til;:!.: ru,houen (pronounced wee-/taa-en), wehauen, 4cn:11PtL. . .*"::h.; is repeated three This several times.,' 6'a bunch of ears of corn,,, when thus coupled *#,":.:!,meanilg ,rii..!rr!:r" expresses either a wish for a prosperous (Norse, ;";::':iO4^narvesi, or the joy that fts labours are endi,t (we_ '"-tt), $ee Notes aud Queries, bth Ser"ies, Vols. VI., IX.

Ltirht ntd nghufht

rlesi tunsigen
.rosscc'ri

;ali

SamanalttgaluboQin ela migorz sathdnah gennaud ntarla poiu gtiuti eln'aul gra biiu aaQd chpeti d

hutpeti paspeti

sa,peti satpetidf' barytlialuti goyan hapri halauitula tlamd

pidi hiriagtla pgsi

Deti dsti hum'ana dpti Ran rleti ridi deli Ifutupila niha demata hobbd hoson dqti Menan tlpti pasah gena
Pas deneh sifa

hola salti elali

l)enneh gott dahhati

Dez:iud aerla

sititi poli'

Gouiyti aeda harati Medd md raja ham,ata[a

Itti
al,

.ualtapati

Mdrrchata on Sunday, when the fir'st, secontl, ancl third ploughi opt have beerr pcrfolmetl, and ttre mud leveiled, with pdru, channels fo seed sowni the parltly (plauts) risen to their first. secontl, third' pregnant with ears, the fiI'th, sixth un.l ."oetitliltodes, end become

P Seven yokes of rvhite bullirloes having been brought from Adarn's

apperred and the glain rnaturecl.

After the thleshing-flcor

has

Q'

JouRNAr,r B. A, s. (cnvr'ou)',

[Vo1.

VIII.

': gs, 26.-1S83.J renrv cLrLrIVArroN

cusrort{s,

G
d (,

4! e'i': ! e 7.t=a
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l.t

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lbo I .=

l= t9

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i|j

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a. o

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!i ln ! ! a .aai..iH-*u

3=!q ,=.=P-q ; = =-! ; ;

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r: * 6

! ?. ^. At n Y o < b,r 9 i:s d g vlp 6 i'.i; *dF)r

:
r'a

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84

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(cnvloN)- [VoI' YIII'

fo. 16,-1883']
.d 'E c.d

rAnnv cur'rrvarrou cusrous'

'9
d d d =_. .oj{ g k'*

85

\:l 3l

.F

?
!il

.6 d*

Z r.:

tN.;;:: I r'9-, f.c *lE\i ' 'u6"e-.t

-H 90 :t4 ' i : .a$ e'e'E\" 4?'i.?# d -E;; s.i '9 E e=*,- !.'3 C-.!= S-

.:*j

._qieae. I 'i.=i';'E.d 6t f I H
=

\d -.r b'S':"d

i: 'f .; .q. b0 6. ll

1'*
a+

fa d-t

l FSEs;
:; d r = tr d +
r.dt

d d

E 9-a

.Er

ii'.q*ni!;Tj
= X ;,.:'.'i
4!!O

o-dE.g'e tE c a.a

EN

II qt
:t

3l
b0

=.if

.c

.:l
L]

-i -tiaah
.:'edip

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;
i

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o

t>

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'r

.:T !eo J d d c o'= :-,

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A.= t i,. A a a

e i'r 4 6s
E

3o

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.:

ES

il-:

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-u

c .d =. l r

-'t dN'

*Eii't

o
a I

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t{
:s

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FI

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d!' Ld= :!\t !!J.cidd5:

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f.6

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.d 4 i'E'E A'E s'[ V E t. - - ?:6

a;
x

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F
A

r*

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: ! i d d d F .= !!:aaJ.h0r: = 5. _g 3,'E_ 8.

* i

o (J
q

o
b0

'i .U

s H

F!i

r-

-9.:d^gP a-! d ilo:: =o:1 i c =dap-Ad

>=r

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86

JouRNAL,

n' A' s'

(cnvl'os)' [\rol' VI
n
"^

26.,.-lq83.l
6|Dq6rj

pADDy clr,rryArroN

cusroMs

gZ

(8.) Bar,t, on Drns.

qcoqenesaf

eeaig des:cBdoegJ
I

^nrdr9 6te v' J

3,ad l i-ale)car 6 sj Oer';Jro

OrOcBJilr. eooo(3j]

grrjosjoOS:

,.

o? eer3:ril1l-nO

"jiorro*,rltl9ercJ;o v\= ^-.<'6fr?t;, SerJco:aele3:

GcoOdq

Bcoedq ,ruO:E OqddOg: ego:J Oreo:Drs:cozsrod $Eo, dpro; zoperleo:erJoSO a$cooaseoergQO ocld6

4.
d.

8lljcroe)O3: oqoqto6: OO g Ee6_co gQezdocgfao@csr 6A q.

Ssjcogjcr:e8:
Gmedq a*oO:E ggjcrr:r,ef OB:

reOcE Oc,d6OE

elrj

Oa::ij,o

Oe"66agi
QOr6od,fr:*o@cor

rest at home.

gDOq

6aOd 8"o,4

g89O OlOEEeo &ed

OgddOg
r

Informertirrresgrantsoflandn,ereapportionedbytlreK todifferentDetillesald.Koyils,wheretlistiuctgodswefe
infreqrrently

olrrJOar{'J.3'

A.g:tcoeiraeg:
gcoOdq zar@rE Eerjcr::rjelOB r

worsbipped-

r""irltia *"th "i)"r'ortnrlo'

;;;';fit;;i rote' in which Ka"d. 5"TTi ;;;;;. on the seaboard (l/ild) bereavetl Rirma against R6'v
il-;i--account it
tl"U"*U
-"Ostanbial aid to the

of the Kaluga4ga, retain.the.names Disapt -'Ihe former js saiil to tlerive its atd I/eld?tura' Vibhisana' brother of R6' from Diuasdshd2 a synonym of or Lairka a'd abd.ctor of Sita ; the latter

'Ihus, to this day, the

, t .- ^! adjoining hamlets of lialutara'-on

6. 6:eq
B4;.ee gerfi
r: sj8cso:zsf

oO@ $g.aordJ,b).c$ gOaroOc: e$O:rJqrgerr} $rqoqD ogf q dr o O,: zrJff @ e A er8 cqcoc el l;JOi, {rJo$r.f
0,6

ol

oor} 6,de oO g,.ro:O

Q d cn: e:

enl

esr

gQOr.d oef Ji::el

Oco r co

ErrOoEer O:

e3ogCe

Ed.{QOr5odJ5:'trgce:to gJ Oo:r}ec, S sjcosjeoO3: I

?;je1o9 auogfa.:O @,6 gd(5); -;;; g cs ro. a codrd il oa;, O.aO O,a g *=OL] I
"f

rJ

;:;;;
ec

<ijor$

is asserte'l that Kataragama l)eviy6 is

.iotty ttooootecl south of the KaJuga4ga'* (e.) INc.lNtartoNS usED rN DEYTYANNIi

tr)AN.tv,s..

lajOo

f tdC g glOsJ GrO:tiot:*o*'E e8es:o $a:r doeo as:erdsr O Deer 3 6r src jr :rJ ee' c;e: oq? rlqt 6,qe, g*5 O_, ;^;;J;; &goO api: --a"rO oddrecoO u..sr-,.:cc5o-.4)rg,:sO oes6slq j;; ;:J; eJssoco a, oo P^o:3 oo 5q asr aqo o,s#r ..., 5 ft d fl Eor oceo 5 Soooer do o, do^;o;;;"ir"-o, zs: :q*dr
" :

7.

Gcoedq re@rg

Oqd6Og:

I.)-tsgldogoqgaa{oe$ qo'd eqal \-'l 6crsl eir6znrolgf'

eloOreoees

orOgoOO

cqd60F,

s+eo trl :. 5J4D ) {rJo:J

O ebco{D

ao

ster g Oe,,

QO eCrsldr

" 6:

eOoc,

g lJcoedo-re3:

sctrooar

EdeooDr
!

eo@:aOfle ou' ooq o:2

o:

90oo6

1.

aoecen$oai @gOsiO: Ederriror: 6,oluoO fl 6OaiC

aod e.rrO S 3 eo

qrrr--*rif
or
a:

SceOdq aeo@r8 lJerjcosJeoOS: JO, o

oes
J

OgddOg:
,9oor
D

:
;

:"*ruj as:eo @6oOcJa ao) sJd6 sdcJ,

QgoO

Srrjco.Ll:JaDeB:
:

gdesE eOdcococnzsi flgOerJO

9A^ e:9

qeteo'?s'ro

b)drao(1i:

g_oodq;o@rg OqC6O: -

eintlzoo m@SEeenr:o aogs : f's-e-c.,t'- ao!;:qarmmo @go

rjicorier:ej:

;#;
are worth,

eri'oiJ.

o'

d;:9

q o e &a:ce o, o, eo, *go: g ger qare ai -Q!r 1l o{ 9eo e:6ceO OrC@a:a' Oird6 to9erlq5o6osjaaO,:ro

for * The above ingenious but {rrnciful derirations arc giren

SsjcotrjsrO8:
SoOdq aro@:3 Oqd6OE.

88

JouRNAL, R. A. s.

(cnvr,oN)' [Vol' V
a halpa:
:

'Nit' r

26'-1slii')
O

PA,DDY OULI]IVN,TION

CUS'rOMS.
become a Brrddha rvhou
:

E9

Namd Tassa Bhagauatri' AraTtato Sammd' Sam Bud'dhassa' Permission !

benvr.nll.kirrg

l-ita,

who hopest

to

l.

Be thou lluddha Be tltou Buddha Be thou Buddhn Ile thou Buddha

to the end

<tf

hoivo'1"""

c\f r'i'(ri

ive

-".;:.:

for immeasurable time:

whilst sun and moon exist

"r"

nrcr.irs

for a thcusand fall halpas:

:

for a thousand intermccliate halpas : for a thousand samauarshaptunu halpas

^ ,. hearenl_v Irivdgnhiva, .,- ,. ($|ffi I,eak), ra id, Lrr ,;,;,;',,

hing $antano presirlin"{ over Samanta,lcnta parvatn e*rcred lotus-like San:rnnla Sripitla,
ceept onr nrerits
:

for a thousand tiyu-ttarshaptartu' hnlpas !

one frnger su

,!t'., (I
f .)

&r..

2. 0 Sahampati, urighty lord Br6hma, who with

tbese 10,000 uni.vcrses (sahwula), accept our merits : pardon our o{feuces
:

--a$6'ga3,i$ g)O ffi m ar

oarQed*rs.

tr

hear

r-rs

3, 0 illustrious Vish4u, greet

ku+{ilra Mounr, risten to

r;:.r#i:llT::lT:.
&c.,
&c.

hen'venl,v

kiug, who residest on to thee,

85gna clrO'to$sl orefOtqar@ qled n d$'6 c.d e?O6

6OeoelsJ
oqactiDl;}

a9,6il5 oO88g'tr

Sc.szsloq8 es go oz.OOqdo6118{tJ

Szsrc:Fi)oetrOgstd
oclr8-cJ OO orm a3f Odrrrorr@oO@rr}
eod.arO.cogrocoer}

qd'd

oSrri

qerzoo{D5l' d.5o:

4. O Sakra, mighiy king of

heaven, lortl of two god-'worlds, accepL oul' mcrits : &c.

8gi alg zqer$

oeo:oq7odqr58QoO6sl oerodor@:o{8ood
eecee deo

;l
it

6,o:rJoqO 13g Or$d

oooJcSoE ffoco.5jtri:

&c.,

qdgzocei
oOSooJ

5. O great heavenly king I'svara, the presiding deity of the cycle of twenty yearst
sccept our merits
:

rogdlezo6OOiQsl
oqOOggc,oo:{1,::i loro:ogre ocoredOllr$ tciOozsgalrnE.:doef
ooeooo:
Ocogorcsr: E erJ

qdotncqgl

groedSS oao:eocszr}

o6O:o(tlrd ol9ocorgal cog@oo:6

cneS@

&c.,

&c.

o"t ifri.

6, O great Vishgu, heavenly kiug, who art seatedst on the f,rll-groin garuda, of blue^colour, of eminent:"I:"",'
L"uitt

oOzoQq QOdgCJ
QBzogercoO

@6o90 oo:6oqet' o:do0q Qrogz8erJ

eooeilreflc

9o

h.orenly king Salrra, rluring the existcnce

'\Morlds (Bud'd'ha-sisaniya) \har

lt

Tho,,: three footsteps, when entrusted to thee

omniscilnt, ti'ue, and perfi:ct Lord Burldha, 1'eacher of the will last' 5,500 years'.to sh^ow glorious Larika the path to the bliss of thOi irrhut ;tunt* of tltis
('death-ceasi.g" Nitt6tu;."ept

of

Bnddhism'

oqSoarocnaf Srorgr cDrcndd oreet O1Q.n1 crgq0tl3docosJ

OrQg orc@coeessJ
gGsJqO

@g 65cOc elSQcooorJener

oO186

8coO
OO

lqegscrJ

6coroO:d E5{tJ
l$cor

QEocr::8:rJ 6giqcoO

&c,,

our merits &c.

ooieJslgsj oo:d o@:prJ ooodfOr 884:gr OeJqOr

oco.6eogO 6gd@ed
eo:OOqaod@sJ oraorcr@pg OdO@d
@6dioOed oco.6 gciSaSSffeoOool

U 7. 0 Kat*ra,gama Kanclaswftmi, of the race of the f'-rur gods' and illustriou's N^*{"1,1 (V is'o4u ), Sami,n-bok- salla, Vibhisana, *r..' presiclest over. l)evunda m D6v'at6' ;;;"ii;;.i;;;;,"i, kataragam D6vit6, 1(u{6, t(ataragam l)6r'61c., Pu"nnaswaram,Sellaucftwa, Rankanda, Ridikancla, ]\lenikgag96'va,'liriniga4 v6ga4giga, lgmbiliviminaya, Kiri Vehera, iisten with divine ness to the prayers addressed to thee, ar:cept our merits : &c., &c'

g8crl

enO:rJEQel:geSoJ

gQeoezri66 gded

*--\-..-_
p.,tiiilt, yddinn,a-n rery
' 1/tIUil-l[
used

dgoercoiqOo"foe@$J
di.sjointed ancl hrrdty intelligible account of durirg the,tKi,ri, itaracittta,,, cgremouial.

90
cnOoooc6:rJ

JOUR\-AL, N. A.

s.

(cnvr.ox,1. [Vol.
Yu,-"tt't
P aDDY

cu''rIYarIoN cusro*s' OzS

ood

91

Oct ostot

eSgldO OrOoctrGrit
@1d1 o,en:Ca;d1qar
ouor roO.Q g
coOorc5)g

AOengQasrQpo.sl

{rJ

QSzs:6sl gto@orJ Q8oordeJ qee@o:rJ

6Otri OdqzsigosJ
go:rJ
es @r

6@6eqe:orood
oO6f@OOOOqroerl O1O@O:esoel:8osJ

O:;J oq ScooroJ

6dp6O OS@o:d
6lq(r{D

Ot[

qo]@6){s

oOercOr qoeotsre drSzrJe: Qoc-JOr QorrOr {orosJ Oep QosJOr

decr

(f

Il;*66'eelJts6 oOgrOO 6aeet

I

u6!s.f oo{

Eid*.6oo:nl oOaJO
ooeooenqe qrdO OqD err@6 g,6erJ

cff

6 6

ool
Oco,

q,6)di o@ogcs eo}6eS Ooco6@ 6co oegq:@ @9531dO6 gOd qz{q oas:cooesf orQ DOd
:ScoO ao@co oeofQco O

o6f o o
c)

o
6t

cc:Od @1q t3ec6eng

o2OJlsJ ^ke er=Oosrec t' ;;; Ar.rsiOr-t orOf cJ OrS I' eu', l" -.a * ^6Jtrtr+ o,F cfl6ozof oao@ f,3.4 "11rn) a^^cc eaki6 oq iJ:,e o aBoq?c'f' eS9 erero:r} " ie^6 ddqesl gO gltcc$ aaqta26sa csaf,6) o{erii g6oq5 c'oAlB e:Orco:rJ 10. ooq8coJr eS6 er:Orcr:rJ tt. Edgoq8oo:: zSB e:O:cotd n. al,er,4@62 e36 <:cecar:sJ tg. {orztolq86 235 rOrsllrJ 14. a@aJoq8g zSB c:cO:oal 15. SSeoooq8 z36 c:cOccoer} i6. c')66)q8ocf'l 8B erO:coid 17. eoJz3.d3oq8 eS8 ecOrotr} 18. Orcrgoq8 ei8 erOrsrcJ 19. oqoOcgl oq8g aSB ecOro:crJ 20. @ocrrgorQBg e$8 ereccocrj

ocd ^J G\d

od o.',
65r

orf
ocJ
o,,-J *'Qco*.
gcQco*.

ol5J

ool
o.trJ

q:r{c08.
qcQcog.

o'rJ gr{co. osJ grQco. oroj qcQog. orrrJ gr{og. o,sr q:QoE.
6l6J
orerJ

Ocodzog Seozo ocorg;

Ocood 6t@ oeo:g OlOao

roa

zSO qq.oo{D;e

6t 6t 6t
6rqt

l, '(Parted Ii'om my
Lft with
tJre

spouse,

Left to stille my heart,s love

am left alonr:
:

oceOo @g oeore3co{ oeDiofJ uo OlgoeD5J

'I'hus mourneth pattini.

grief born on that day_,,

cnrn es8cserj gmzsrd

@E@

oqt oqf
6'Qf

,.

tt

n{/
Say, So

spouse has goue

To the great city Madura.

Hrxv many gows is

to trade

eOrOg

zSoJ
Scscc

goocc4$6 8O
orsrrc:ecD
esdeoO

pg

go

Oqq eO oOerelg

q q

Iiali I comfolt me. 3. .'Like the hare in rnoon midst,

liyed we in fond lovc.

it distantI

gQd Q6zq! qOrso

6.,{Doqd 6dasf

q6o,r

g&

zsSog8o

o
o
c,

,lIy vYhy

spousc is a goutl lrelprrrare; oomcs he nur to tiri: Ca.y.r

Oormf E
qcs OaoS

g,Od corqf 8q SOro

gOd ooqd
e:1co8co
oeoceD

coco oeorE

ezrJets6esg e1S Oq Oleo o@gdccO oc"o gd1zo6

60 66o9ro O@eod &60r oo.6 fiO goc

e, et er et
60

6.

" 0ffcred thcy not ibr thc br.;rcelet.s llas chenge coure o.(,r. his ruinil .: Or maJhap sorne ollrer sorlow tlas delayed rny lortl."

t - A mere fra,gment in verse of the story of Fattini, recitecl su given abr.rve. Ior a fultei account of the goddees Fattrni-h,(lla.
lhe ytirtrin,na

tears that weII in ber oycr, lTtnt:* cheeks, bofi,, back, all, :.:i t" ber foot,s sole, rJrleless as a log remaiu. the cow she forbid<terb, T: ^ttn the j, o":qh calrcs siand Iowing ; tLe pinfolds rbey buret for.th. nl.*t"*. rcanrpcr riY tens tbey home.

JuuBNAL, R.
T,

a. s, (curr,ox). [Yc,l.
neally trimmed,

'Ihe ground

is hoed antl

tsure white sancl bronght and strervn I For tirc aclvent feasi of holy l'attini.
8.

9.

I)egcend to this city dispeliing evil ! rryibh the bracclets she cante I L\y irdi t.ame slre uu f,,oL ; l4y irdi the bracelets shone like fire. Guard and bless us, I'attini ! O sun god ! accept our uilh ollering: I'aldon the faults thou knorvest: Ilestow happiness on these patients : 0 Srin gocl ! aocept our milik. olferir,g.

By irdi

rid\of drebT:'{iiL u,rf. tur,rte ma,n, who hail been the whoie clay in

lllir'*trt'

rnollirrg the man rvho brought bis meal as usual fouDd grourd and the charred rernains of a human , -')ltnl,rrr'trt to 1Lc Le ucturnJly conclLrded to l-re R6lahirni, and returne4 !'rl,'- llrr" ihe rcws io the relatious, who rvere secretly glad to be
dr,p uext

No.

36."-lls3'J

r'tlur

cuLrlYA?IoN cusloffs.

(r,f

10. 0 llloon goil ! &c. 11. 0 Vishrlu! &c. 12. O l(anda Kuruara ! 13. O l{ir0! &c. 14. 0 Saman! &c. 15. O Vibhisana! &c.

&c.

naketlness, he resorted to a plan for ospecialty irr a legulrrr srrplily o{' food ard of milk, of nuli"l, ir" eecuring was in speci,,l need, as fi'orn its coolness it noilltl givehim

: ! RJ,lah6rvrslr_urn.tio rleath, has come llack to revengc hirnself on us ,i"fr" -as a XIr,ta-Yaftti.'_' [-'nderstanding by this that it would be im_ possil;le to get tbc..p''"ple to believe that hc was $till alive,
,'frut

:#;;*;';,',',:Ji.l".:'"";{J::lX:'T,f il':JJI;';';*l .: .ouu, as,opcncd' and a voicc srirl ,,HusL

rgri'r

jJ'-'i:
l

Lis. orifblccd

]6. O Ga','adevi!&c. 17" () Pattini!&c. 18. 0 Visala Dcvi ! &c. 19. 0 l)evolI)evindu! &c.
20. 0
\,I*BealaI)evindu! &c

lrouses

f.llowi'g uight stea-tthiry ente.i'g a catt-le e'crosure, he managed to tlrive out unobserved some young calves, a.ntl to tether thcm iu the jnngie. 'Ihe-next morning the orvners missing the calves, rrriltle evely search for thcm, but in vain. A clav o". two after the ieper cautiously approacherl at deail of night tlie
'I'he

temporar.l rcliell

atleast

(10.)

$ronv
there

cl-E

Rir,a,rr.{rn.

doors, saitl solen' tones_(, Spa.e l{utl6, Ri,lahdmi oua frod daily, and your calves .will be founcl l,hus saying, he hid himself bef',-,r'e they coutrd open iheir doorr, unJ see who knoclie.. As the.y conld uot tliscover anyone near about, with innate supersti_ liousuess tl-re cattle-owners

of the persors *'rrom he had robbetr, antl hnockinia,t the

i'

!i,

_lit

Long ago in Kosgama, a village of the Wostern tri recl a mau of respectable bilth, calleil liud6, RiilahSmi, waiJ sultrering f,rom the \yorst form of tbat loat,hsome d p(ir&I.gi,. 'Ihis nan, as aD outcast, was forced to livc a,lone, from lrarrnts of mer1, in a pela, or smali hu[, for fear lest
nrighi be curseil rn'ith tho same compl:r,int, Ilis meals were tlav brougl-rt anci placed on a stone or other elevation ilot !b,r the'pe{a, by trris relations, wtrio shunned his very sight, u belief that his mere giance falling on them wonld sufiice to
rnunicilte tlre fcli disease. One colrl rainy evening ar tirydiyti., or fakfr', took shelter his roofi anrl to heep theru both rvarrn l<iudied a fire nea,r the shelf (nrcssoJ on rviiich R6lahilrri siept, laying hirnself close by. During the night the pela took fire, anal the perished ilr the {lairren.the Iepor har.elv escapirrsr \1,ii'lr his life

hrd filclietl

r'e

calr.es

lilffi t* i:|y
"*l;

provide milk anti rice for R6i:rh6mi, calves to st."y ,r""f. t'" the pinfol<I. ,the practicc t.as coutinueil so long a,s he lived, and it is .,The saicl that on Lis rleath he was metamorpbosed into Rrtdti-!h/t|t, more

day, therefbre,tlrey took care to who orr his part ailowed

imagined that some deity or riemon an. thrs ,rltin.a nis wa,rts. .tr he following

.u-.. r{ u ct d- R titaiami or Kos s ama of miih are grearly acceptable. W:'i;;^":::.oilrr1nqs i;i;.:.:'::ItPt'olrably here (with jusr such ,tio..g"o.. n,
cl

ei' the

^Lrn

hilk,,';";,,,".::;. n , *"u.'rlJ.,",?l,l,f

llq:i;:y;i::ilil{&::;1,'*::}:,',1Til'ir;T:l;'::Tl -'granrtiine's
_
'*''ritilr

maids were .r,ont to set a bowl of Frobgolitin" s1 ,, puck,,, Sh"k*;;*;; itl.r.,.rr " ru the Midsumrner l{ight's " Drearn.,,
hoq. ti,e rlnrdging goblin sweat

' 'Tells
ro

uRrt lri; cream hus

I dllv ecl,,,*Ir.Ulrlr,,,