4-7 Three Phase Half-wave Converters (H.

Rashid): Three phase converters provide higher average output voltage and in addition the frequency of the ripples on the output voltage is higher compared to that of single phase converters. The filtering requirements for smoothing out the load current is simpler. For these reasons three phase converters are used extensively in high power variable speed drives. Three single phase half-wave converters (fig 4-1 a) can be connected to form a three phase half-wave converters (fig 4-7 a).

Operation: When thyristor T 1 is fired at an angle t = ( until Thyrister T 2 is fired at t = ( ). ), the phase voltage appears across the load

When thyristor T 2 is fired Thyrister T 1 is reverse biased, because the line to line voltage ( = ) is negative and T 1 is turned off. The phase voltage appears across load until Thyristor T 3 is fired at an angle t = ( ).

When Thyristor T 3 is fired, Thyrister T 2 is turned off and fired again at the beginning of next cycle.

appears across the load, until T1 is

Figure 4-7 b, shows the v i characteristics of the load & this is a one quadrant converter. Figure 4-7 c; shows the input voltage, output voltage & the current through Thyrister T 1. For a highly inductive load. For a resistive load and > ( ), the load current would be discontinuous and each thyristor is

self-commutated when the polarity of its phase voltage is reversed The frequency of output ripple voltage is 3 f s.

Example 4 6 (H.Rashid): A 3-phase half wave converter (figure 4-7 a) is operated from a 3-Phase Y-connected 208 v, 60 Hz supply and the load resistance is of R = 10 . It is required to obtain an average output voltage of 50 % of the maximum possible voltage. Calculate; (i). The delay angle = ? (ii). R.m.s & average output currents? (iii). R.m.s & average Thyristor currents? (iv). Rectification efficiency? (v). T.U.F? (vi). Input power factor? Solution: From the given data, the Phase voltage is obtained as; V S = 208 / => V S = 120.1 v

So that V
V
m

can be obtained as;

S

= xV

=>

= x 120.1

=>

= 169.8 v

Hence the maximum output voltage can be obtained as;

V V
dm

= =

xV

)/2

(when

= 0, so cos 0 = 1) => V
dm

dm

169.8 ) / 2 x 3.142

= 140.46

The average output voltage can be obtained as;

V n = V d c / Vd m So that from the given condition of problem; V n = 0.5 V n = V d c / Vd m (a). => & R = 10 => Vd c = 70.23

0.5 = Vd c / 140.46 if / 6;

For a Resistive load; The load current is continuous, V n = Vd c / Vd m = cos V n (cos

in this way equation 4-52 gives;

- - - - - - - - - (4-52)

/ 6) = 86.6 %

(with a Resistive load & 50 % output, the load current is discontinuous), hence equation 4 52a is; V n = Vd c / Vd m =(1/ ) (1 + cos ( /6 + ) - - - - - - - - - (4-52 a) => V n = (1/ ) (1 + cos ( /6 + )

=>

= 67.7

(b).

The average output current is I

dc

=V

dc

/R

=>

70.23 / 10

=> I d c = 7.023 Amps

The r.m.s voltage can be obtained as; V V

r.m.s

= =

xV

sin ( +

2 )] sin (

r.m.s

2 )]

And the r.m.s load current is obtained as; I

r.m.s

V 94.74 / 10 => I

r.m.s

=V

r.m.s

/R

=>

r.m.s

(c).

The average current of Thyristor is given by; I

DT

=I

dc

/3

=>

7.023 / 3

=> I

DT

= 2.34 Amps.

Similarly the r.m.s current of Thyristor is obtained as; I

RT

=I

r.m.s

=>

9.474 /1.732

=> I

RT

= 5.47 Amps.

(d).

The rectification efficiency is obtained as; = Pd c / Pa c - - - - - - - - - - (2 44)

Pd c = V Pa c = V

dc

xI

dc

=> => =>

(70.23) x (7.023) (94.74) x (9.474) 493.225 / 897.567

=> Pd c = 493.225 watts. => Pa c = 897.567 watts. => = 0.5495 or 54.95%.

r.m.s x

r.m.s

= Pd c / P a c (e). For T.U.F ;

The r.m.s input line current is the same as the Thyristor r.m.s current; so that the input volt-ampere rating is; VI=3VSx I Now
S

=>

3 x 120.1 x 5.47

=> V I = 1970.84 volt-ampere

T.U.F = Pd c / V I =>
(70.23 x 7.023) / (1970.84)

=> (V d c x I d c) / (3 V S x I S) (f).

=>

T.U.F = 0.25 or 25%.

The output power is given by; P O = (I

r.m.s

)2xR

=>

(9.47) 2 x 10

=>

P O = 896.81

The input power factor is given by; P.F

input

= P O/ V I

=>

896.81 / 1970.84

=> P.F

input