Subject Duration Theme Learning Area Learning Objective Learning Outcomes

Science 70 minutes Man and The Variety of Living Things 1. Microorganisms and Their Effects On Living Things 1.1 Understanding the classification of microorganisms Students will be able to: 1. list the characteristics of various types of microorganisms 2. classify microorganisms into bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and algae, describe the characteristics of each group of microorganisms.

Learning Activities

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Introduction of various types of microorganisms. Identify characteristics of various types of microorganism. Classify various types of microorganisms into groups. Q and A session. Exercises.

Teaching Aids Assignments Teachers Reflection

LCD, Power point slides show, text book, work book, reference book Exercises (work book) Learning outcomes achieved

What is microorganisms? Microorganisms also known as microbes. Microorganisms are living things which are so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye and are only visible under the microscope. Who discovered the first microorganism? Anton Van Leewenhoek (1632-1732) was the first person to discover the existence of microorganisms, when he used the simple microscope that he himself invented to view a drop of rainwater which he collected from his roof. Types of Microorganisms Based on their characteristics ( appearance, shape, size, method of reproduction, nutrition and habitat), microorganisms can be classified into 5 groups: 1)Bacteria 2)Fungi 3)Protozoa 4)Virus 5)Algae

BACTERIA

-Unicellular organisms -They have cell wall made of peptidoglycan CHARACTERISTICS -Some have additional slimy capsule outside their cell wall for added protection -Beneath the cell wall is its plasma membrane -Bacteria do not have nuclear membrane SEE BACTERIA CELL -Some bacteria have one or more tail-like structure called 'flagella' which are used for STRUCTURE swimming -Some bacteria also have hundreds of hairlike structures known as pilli -Classified according to their shapes -They can be spherical known as cocci, rod-shaped known as bacilli, comma shaped SHAPE known as vibrios and spiral known as spirilla -Diameter ranges from 0.5 -1.0 micrometres SIZE -Only visible using a high powered micoscope Sexually by a process called conjugation or Asexually by formation of spores or binary METHOD OF fission REPRODUCTION Photosynthesis, Chemosynthesis, Saprophytic and Parasitic. Bacteria stores food in the NUTRITION form of glycogen granules in its cytoplasm. Can be found almost everywhere (foods, air, water, soil, on any surfaces (such as table HABITAT tops), on the outside as well as inside of organisms especially in the intestines). -Some are aerobic, requiring oxygen to survive MODE OF RESPIRATION -Some are anaerobic, do not need oxygen to survive -Some can live in the presence or absence of oxygen

FUNGI

CHARACTERISTICS SIZE METHOD OF REPRODUCTION NUTRITION HABITAT EXAMPLE

Do not contain the green pigment chlorophyll, so they have to take in nutrients from external. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular. 10 - 100 micrometres Asexually through budding or formation of spores and sexually through conjugation parasitism and saprohytism Dark, moist, warm environment Yeast, Mucor/ Mould

PROTOZOA

CHARACTERISTICS METHOD OF REPRODUCTION NUTRITION HABITAT EXAMPLES

-Unicellular organisms -Move with the help of cillia which continuously beat against the water in diagonal pattern Asexually through binary fission or sexually by conjugation -Parasitism, saprophytism or autotrophs -Cilia/ cilium (hair like structures) send food to oral groove Soil, moist area, live in water ( Amoeba) or inside the body of organisms (Plasmodium) Amoeba, Plasmodium, Paramecium

VIRUS

CHARACTERISTICS SEE VIRUS CELL STRUCTURE SHAPE SIZE METHOD OF REPRODUCTION NUTRITION HABITAT EXAMPLE

-smallest microorganisms -do not carry out any characteristics of living things -when outside a cell, it forms a crystal do not show cell organization Maybe spherical, polyhedral, rod-shaped or rocket shaped Sizes ranges from about 20 - 400 nm in diameter They can only multiply inside the living cells (host cell) of animals or plants or other microbes. This process harms the host, resulting in a disease. Parasitic living cell (host cell) influenza virus (spherical), tobacco mosaic virus (rod-shaped)

ALGAE

CHARACTERISTICS SIZE METHOD OF REPRODUCTION NUTRITION HABITAT EXAMPLE

-Simple aquatic plant -No proper roots, stems, leaves or vascular system -contains chlorophyll 1 - 10000 micrometres Asexually through binary fission or Sexually by conjugation Photosynthesis (most algae have pigments which use the wavelength that penetrate water) Freshwater and marine (saltwater), soil, bark of trees chlamydomonas (unicellular), spirogyra