Pulse Descriptors: regular, irregular, strong or weak Adult 60 to 100 beats per minute Children - age 1 to 8 years 80 to 100

Infants - age 1 to 12 months 100 to 120 Neonates - age 1 to 28 days 120 to 160 Top of the Page Blood pressure Systolic Adult 90 to 140 mmHg Children - age 1 to 8 years 80 to 110 mmHg Infants - age 1 to 12 70 to 95 mmHg months Neonates - age 1 to 28 days >60 mmHg Diastolic 60 to 90 mmHg

Top of the Page Respirations Descriptors: normal, shallow, labored, noisy, Kussmaul Adult (normal) 12 to 20 breaths per minute Children - age 1 to 8 years 15 to 30 Infants - age 1 to 12 months 25 to 50 Neonates - age 1 to 28 days 40 to 60 Top of the Page Vital signs by age Adult vital signs Pulse Blood pressure Respirations 60 to 100 beats per minute 90 to 140 mmHg (systolic) 60 to 90 mmHg (diastolic) 12 to 20 breaths per minute

Child vital signs (age 1 to 8 years) Pulse 80 to 100 beats per minute Blood pressure 80 to 110 mmHg systolic Respirations 15 to 30 breaths per minute Infant vital signs Pulse Blood pressure Respirations 100 to 140 beats per minute 70 to 95 mmHg systolic 25 to 50 breaths per minute

Neonatal vital signs (full-term, <28 days) Pulse 120 to 160 beats per minute Blood pressure >60 mmHg systolic Respirations 40 to 60 breaths per minute Top of the Page Lung sounds Crackles or rales Wheezing Stridor Rhonchi crackling or rattling sounds high-pitched whistling expirations harsh, high-pitched inspirations coarse, gravelly sounds Top of the Page Pulse oximetry Range Normal Mild hypoxia Moderate hypoxia Severe hypoxia Value 95 to 100% 91 to 94% 86 to 90% < 85% Treatment None or placebic Give oxygen Give 100% oxygen Give 100% oxygen w/ positive pressure Top of the Page Glasgow Coma Scale ADULT Eye opening Spontaneous To speech To pain No response Best motor response Obeys verbal command Localizes pain Flexion - withdraws from pain Flexion - abnormal Extension No response Best verbal response Oriented and converses Disoriented and converses E 4 3 2 1 M 6 5 4 3 2 1 V 5 4 INFANT Eye opening Spontaneous To speech To pain No response Best motor response Normal movements Localizes pain Withdraws from pain Flexion - abnormal Extension No response Best verbal response Coos, babbles Cries but consolable

Inappropriate words Incomprehensible sounds No response

3 2 1

Persistently irritable Grunts to pain/restless No response

E + M + V = 3 to 15 90% less than or equal to 8 are in coma Greater than or equal to 9 not in coma 8 is the critical score Less than or equal to 8 at 6 hours - 50% die 9-11 = moderate severity Greater than or equal to 12 = minor injury

Coma is defined as not opening eyes, not obeying commands, and not uttering understandable words.
Additional references: Traumatic Brain Injury Resource Guide and House of DeFrance.

Top of the Page Apgar Scale (evaluate @ 1 and 5 minutes postpartum) Sign 2 A Activity (muscle Active tone) P Pulse >100 bpm G Grimace (reflex Sneezes, irritability) coughs, pulls away A Appearance Normal over (skin color) entire body R Respirations Good, crying 1 0 Arms and legs Absent flexed <100 bpm Absent Grimaces No response Normal except Cyanotic or pale extremities all over Slow, irregular Absent Top of the Page

Pain scale The 0-10 pain scale is becoming known as the "fifth vital sign" in hospital, pre-hospital and outpatient care. Patients are asked to rate their pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the most intense pain imaginable), and a quantitative measure is taken.