LSTCHybridIIIDummies

Positioning&PostProcessing

DummyVersion:LSTC.H3.103008_v1.0 DocumentationDate:October30,2008

SarbaGuha DilipBhalsod JacobKrebs

(LSTCMichigan)

VERSION1.0RELEASENOTE
ThisreleasecontainstheRigid5th,50th,and95thPercentileDummies.Allfeedbackisappreciated. Commentsandsuggestionscanbesenttosarba@lstc.com.

LSPREPOSTVERSION
LSPrePost2.3isrequired,particularlyforthePOSITIONINGportionofthisdocument.Werecommend downloadingthelatestbuildforyourOSfromftp://beta:keyboard@ftp.lstc.com/lsprepost/2.3/

INTRODUCTION
LSTCsprevioussetofHybridIIIdummiesconsistsofthefollowing:5thPercentileFemale,50thPercentile Male,and95thPercentileMaleeachwithbothaRigidandDeformableversion.Sincethesedummies werereleasedinthemid90s,anumberofshortcomingshavebeenidentifiedincludingdifficultyin positioning,difficultyininjury/responseextraction,andlackofdocumentation Effortsarenowunderwaytoupdatethefullsetofdummiestoaddresstheproblemslistedaboveand alsototakefulladvantageofadvancementsinbothLSDYNAandLSPrePost.Theultimategoalisto providedummiesthatareeasytouse,runquicklyandrobustly,andareusefulinsolvingrealworld problems(particularlyintheareaofairbag/restraintsystemdevelopment). Theremainderofthisdocumentcontainsrecommendedproceduresforperformingdummypositioning andpostprocessing(responseextraction)usingLSPrePost.

UNITS
AllLSTCdummiesusethemmmskgkNunitsystem.SeeAppendixCforhelponunitsystem conversions.

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CALIBRATION
5thNeckExtensionTest Parameter PendulumImpactSpeed PendulumVWith RespecttoImpactSpeed PlaneDRotation NegativeMomentDecay 5thNeckFlexionTest Parameter PendulumImpactSpeed PendulumVWith RespecttoImpactSpeed PlaneDRotation PositiveMomentDecay 5thThoraxImpact Parameter TestProbeSpeed ChestCompression PeakForceBetween50.0mmand 58.0mmChestCompression PeakForceBetween18.0mmand 50.0mmChestCompression InternalHysteresis @10ms @20ms @30ms @10ms @20ms @30ms

Specification 5.95m/sspeed6.19m/s 1.5m/sV1.9m/s 3.1m/sV3.9m/s 4.6m/sV5.6m/s PeakMoment 65Nmmoment53Nmduringthe followingrotationangle:99angle114 TimetoDecayto10Nm 94mstime114ms

Result 6.06m/s 1.87m/s 3.54m/s 5.15m/s 57.6Nm @103 110ms

Specification 6.89m/sspeed7.13m/s 2.1m/sV2.5m/s 4.0m/sV5.0m/s 5.8m/sV7.0m/s PeakMoment 69Nmmoment83Nmduringthe followingrotationangle:77angle91 TimetoDecayto10Nm 80mstime100ms

Result 7.01m/s 2.13m/s 4.01m/s 5.85m/s 76.4Nm @89.0 81.2ms

Specification 6.59m/sspeed6.83m/s 50.0mmcompression58.0mm 3900Npeakforce4400N PeakForce4600N 69%hysteresis85%

Result 6.71m/s 50.8mm 3901N 4293N 81.8%

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50thNeckExtensionTest Parameter PendulumImpactSpeed PendulumDeceleration vs.TimePulse @10ms @20ms @30ms >30ms FirstPendulumDecayto5g PlaneDRotation TimeforPlaneDRotationtoCross0 DuringFirstRebound MaximumMoment

Specification 5.94m/sspeed6.19m/s 17.2g21.2 14.0g19.0 11.0g16.0 22.0gmaximum 38mstime46ms 81maximumrotation106 72mstimeofmaximumrotation82ms 147mstime174ms

Result 6.06m/s 17.8 16.7 14.8 Met 39.3ms 108 75ms 165ms 70.1Nm 65.5ms 117.5ms

80.0Nmmoment52.9Nm 65mstime79ms TimeofFirstDecayto0Nm NegativeMomentDecay 120mstime148ms Note:boldentriesarenarrowlyoutofrange 50thNeckFlexionTest Parameter Specification PendulumImpactSpeed 6.89m/sspeed7.13m/s @10ms 22.5g27.5 @20ms 17.6g22.6 PendulumDeceleration vs.TimePulse @30ms 12.5g18.5 >30ms 29.0gmaximum FirstPendulumDecayto5g 34mstime42ms 64maximumrotation78 PlaneDRotation 57mstimeofmaximumrotation64ms TimeforPlaneDRotationtoCross0 113mstime128ms DuringFirstRebound 88.1Nmmoment108.5Nm MaximumMoment 47mstime58ms TimeofFirstDecayto0Nm PositiveMomentDecay 97mstime107ms Note:boldentriesarenarrowlyoutofrange 50thThoraxImpact Parameter Specification TestProbeSpeed 6.59m/sspeed6.83m/s ChestCompression 63.5mmcompression72.6mm PeakResistanceForce 5160Npeakforce5894N InternalHysteresis 69%hysteresis85%

Result 7.01m/s 24.4 23.7 13.3 Met 31.1ms 73 58ms 114ms 86.9Nm 47ms 107.6ms

Result 6.71m/s 65.6mm 5452N 71.3%

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POSITIONING
TherearemanywaysinwhichdummiescanbepositionedandincludedinanLSDYNAanalysis,butthis documentationwillfocusonthefollowingcommonapproach: 1. Loadvehicle/structureintoLSPrePost(File>Open>LSDYNAKeyword) 2. Importdummymodel(File>Import>LSDYNAKeyword) a. ClickSettingOffsetintheImportFiledialog b. EnterDefaultOffset:1000000(wesuggestoffsettingbyaniceroundnumbersuchasone millionsothattheentityIDsreferencedinthePOSTPROCESSINGsectioncorrespondtothosein yourdummymodelinastraightforwardmanner) c. ClickSet d. ClickImport 3. Positiondummy 4. Writeoutpositioneddummyasaseparatefile 5. Setupdummycontacts(seeAPPENDIXA) 6. Writeoutvehicle/structureasaseparatefile(withcontacts) 7. Includepositioneddummyinanalysisusing*INCLUDE Foranyoneinterested,theoffsettingdescribedinstep2bcanalsobeperformedindependentlyof positioningthedummy.TheinstructionsforthiscanbefoundinAPPENDIXB.Thefollowingsections explainsteps34aboveingreaterdetail. HPointPositioning Thedummyassupplied"isinarearfacing,uprightsittingposition.Someimportantinformation regardingtheHPoint: I. TheHPointislocatedatglobal0,0,0(NID10201) II. ARigidMarkersitsattheHPointforconvenientvisualization(PID236) III. AlocalcoordinatesystemhasitsoriginattheHPoint(CSID66,whichisparalleltotheglobalaxis intheassuppliedposition) IV. These3entitiesarerigidlyattachedtothedummyandrotate/travelwithit Oncethedummyisimportedintoyourmodel,positioningbeginsasfollows: 1. GotoPage5:DmyPos 2. SelectHPointoperationsinthesidepanel 3. SelectTranslateinthesidepanel 4. EnterX,Y,ZcoordinatesfortheHPointinthesidepanel(hittingEnteraftereach)orentera Distancevalueinthelowerpanelandusethe+/buttonstotranslatethedummy NotethattheHPointlocationgetscontinuouslyupdatedinthesidepanelasadjustmentsaremadeto GlobalX,GlobalY,andGlobalZinthelowerpanel.IfaprepositioneddummyisreadintoLS PrePost,theHPointlocationisdisplayedinthesidepanelimmediately.

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PelvicRotations 1. SelectHPointoperationsinthesidepanel(shouldalreadybeselected) 2. SelectRotateinthesidepanel 3. SelectLocalinthelowerpanel(operationsherewill"successivelyrotate"CSID66inanyorder chosenbytheuserabouttheX,Y,andZAxes) 4. SelectZAxisinthelowerpanel 5. EnteraRot.Ang.value(indegrees)andusethe+/buttonstorotatethedummy 6. Repeatsteps45fortheXandYaxesifdesired Twomethodsareavailabletoreporttheanglesthedummyhasbeenrotatedby(relativetotheas suppliedposition).Whenreportingtheseangles,wecannotkeeptrackoftheexactsequenceinwhich auserchoosestoperformrotations.However,wecanalwaysreportatleastonesequenceofrotation anglesthatwouldresultinthecurrentposition. Thereare"12distinctsequencesofrotations"thatcanbeadopted.Dividedinto2groupsof6,theyare: BryantAnglerotations:XYZ,XZY,YXZ,YZX,ZXY,andZYX EulerAnglerotations:XYX,XZX,YXY,YZY,ZXZ,andZYZ NotethatintheBryantAnglescheme,allthreeaxesaredifferent,whereasintheEulerAnglescheme, thefirstandthethirdaxesarethesame. Sincewecannotreportalltwelveschemes,wehavechosenwhatweconsiderthemostimportantone fromeachgroup:theBryantZYXandtheEulerZYZ.Thiswasbasedontheideathatformostdummy positioningscenarios,rotationsabouttheXaxisareveryunlikelybecausethisplacesthedummyonits side.Usuallythefirsttworotationsineitherschemewithsuffice(ZandY). Asthedummyisrotated,theanglesarecontinuouslyupdatedandreported.Onecantogglebetween theZYXandZYZtabsinthelowerpaneltoviewtheoutput.Also,ifaprepositioneddummyisreadinto LSPrePost,theZYXandZYZoutputwillbedisplayedimmediately.Werecommendreviewingbothsets ofanglesbecauseoftenoneismoreintuitivethantheother. LimbRotations 1. SelectLimboperationsinthesidepanel 2. SelectthelimbyouwouldliketorotatebyLEFTclickinginthesidepanellistorRIGHTclicking directlyinthegraphicswindow Notethatassoonasalimbisselected,apairoflocalcoordinatesystemsappearsonthescreen. Oneisattachedtothe"parentcomponent",andtheotherisattachedtothe"child".Initially,both arecoincident,andtheiroriginrepresentsthejointlocationaboutwhichthelimbcanrotate. 3. TorotatetheLimb,dragfromsidetosidewhileholdingdowntheleftmousebuttonorentera Rot.Ang.Valueandusethe+/buttons NotethatduringthisoperationthechildLCSwillrotatewithrespecttotheparent Pleasenotethatnotalldegreesoffreedomareactiveforeveryjoint.Manylimbjointsarerevolute andhaveonlyoneaxisofrotationavailable.Theotheraxescannotevenbeselected(theyaregrayed out).Forsphericaljoints,twoormoreaxesofrotationcanbeselected.

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 Alsonotethatcertainstopangles"thathavebeendefinedinthedummymodelbeyondwhichlimbs cannotrotate.Amessageappearsonthescreenwhensuchaconditionismet.Forsphericaljoints,even whenanaxisofrotationcanbeselected,onemaynotbeabletorotateaboutitbecausethedefined stopanglesmaybeverysmall(~0.1degrees).Thisistopreventthelimbfromrotatinginanonphysical way,andthisfeaturecannotbeoverriddeninsideLSPrePost.Theonlywaytochangeitistomodifythe stopanglesintheinputdeck,butthisisnotrecommended. SavingPositionedDummy Method1: 1. ClickWriteinthesidepaneloftheDmyPosinterface 2. Selectthedummytooutputinthelowerpanel(itspossibletohavemorethanone) 3. Clicktobrowsetothedesirefolder 4. EnteraFileNameandclickSaveintheOutputFiledialog 5. ClickWriteinthelowerpanel Method2: 1. GotoPage2:Subsys 2. ClickYesinthepopupdialog(allowsyoutoreturntothedummypositioninginterfaceand continuewhereyouleftoff) 3. SelectthedummyintheSubsyssidepanel 4. ClickWriteinthesidepanel 5. EnteraFileNameandclickSaveintheOutputFiledialog

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POSTPROCESSING
ThesepostprocessinginstructionsarebasedontheNode/Element/JointIDsthatexistinthedummy model.PleasebesuretocarefullyfollowthestepsrelatedtoIDoffsettinginthePOSITIONINGsection sothattheentityIDsinyourmodelcoincidewiththoselistedbelow. Wehaveattemptedtoupgradethedummymodelsuchthatthe"signs"ofallinjuryresponseslisted belowarecorrect.Forexample,a"My"oftheUpperNeckinaphysicaltestshouldcomeoutas"My" intheanalysisresponsealso.Ifyoufindthisnottobethecase,pleaseletusknow. HeadAcceleration 1. Loadyourd3plotsinLSPrePost(File>Open>BinaryPlot) 2. GotoPage1:ASCII 3. Selectnodout*fromtheuppersidepanellist 4. ClickLoad 5. Selectnode"1"inthemiddlesidepanellist 6. Select9Xacceleration,10Yacceleration,and11Zaccelerationinthebottomsidepanel list(clickanddragorusetheCtrlkeytoselectmultipleitemsatonce) 7. ClickPlotorNewinthesidepanel(PlotWindowappears) 8. ClickScale(toconvertfrommm/ms2toGs) 9. EnterYscale:101.937(1/0.00981) 10. ClickApply 11. CheckAutofit(tobringscaledcurvebackintoview) 12. Click"Filter"inthePlotWindow 13. SelectFilter:bw(Butterworth) 14. SelectC/s(Hz):180(filterfrequency) 15. ClickApply 16. ClickOper 17. Selectresultant3fromthelist(youmayhavetoscrolldown) 18. CheckCurve1 19. Select1Xacceleration(thecheckmarkwillautomaticallymovetoCurve2) 20. Select1Yacceleration(thecheckmarkwillautomaticallymovetoCurve3) 21. Select1Zacceleration 22. ClickApply ChestAcceleration FollowstepsforHeadAccelerationexcept Atstep5,selectnode1787 PelvicAcceleration FollowstepsforHeadAccelerationexcept Atstep5,selectnode3304

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HeadInjuryCriteria(HIC) 1. Loadyourd3plotsinLSPrePost(File>Open>BinaryPlot) 2. GotoPage1:Setting 3. SelectHic/Csiconst. 4. SelectTimeunits:msec 5. SelectGravityconstant:0.00981 6. GotoPage1:ASCII 7. Selectnodout*fromtheuppersidepanellist 8. ClickLoad 9. Selectnode"1"inthemiddlesidepanellist 10. Select14hic36inthebottomsidepanellist 11. ClickHicCsiinthesidepanel 12. CheckApplyprefilterinthelowerpanel 13. SelectFilter:bw 14. SelectC/s(Hz):180 15. ClickPlotorNewinthesidepanel ChestSeverityIndex(CSI) FollowstepsaboveforHICexcept Atstep9,selectnode1787 Atstep10,select15csi ChestDeflection Therearetwomethodsofcalculatingchestdeflection: 1)Asmeasuredfromaphysicaldummyinthelab(eitherstaticordynamictest) 2)Theeasymethod(takingadvantageofthefactthatthisisaCAEmodel) Bothmethodsaredescribedbelowalongwithdirectionsforcomparingtheresults. Method1:Asmeasuredfromaphysicaldummyinthelab Inaphysicaldummy,thedeflectionismeasuredfromtherotationofthechestpotentiometerarm. Thisarmisconnectedtoapotentiometeratthebasewhichiscalibratedfordifferentrotationangles. Thisrotationisthenmultipliedbya"linearizingfactor"(or"transferfunction")whichresultsinthe chestdeflection. Inourdummymodels,thechestpotentiometerarmisrepresentedbyPIDs94and95.Thearmis connectedtoarotaryspringofverylowstiffness(ID10).PlottingRotationAngle(rad)vs.Timefor spring10andthenmultiplyingbyapredeterminedlinearizingfactorgivesChestDeflection(mm)vs. Time. Thelinearizingfactorsare158.0mm,142.0mm,and95.0mmforthe95th,50th,and5thpercentile dummiesrespectively.Pleasenotethatthesefactorsshouldgivechestdeflectionscorrecttowithin

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1mmupto50mmofchestdeflectionforthe95thand50thandupto40mmforthe5th(thesebeing closetotheupperlimitsfortherespectivedummiesasallowedbymostautomotivecompanies). 1. Loadyourd3plotsinLSPrePost(File>Open>BinaryPlot) 2. GotoPage1:ASCII 3. Selectdeforc*fromtheuppersidepanellist 4. ClickLoad 5. ChangeTranstoRotatinthesidepaneldropdownmenu NotethatTransisforlinearsprings,andRotatisforrotationalsprings. 6. Select10Rinthemiddlesidepanellist(thisisthespringatthebaseofthepotentiometerthat measuresrotation) 7. Select"10RelativeRotation"inthebottomsidepanellist 8. ClickPlotorNewinthesidepanel(plotsangularspringrotationinrad/ms) 9. Click"Scale 10. EnterYscale:158.0(forthe95th),142.0(forthe50th),or95.0(forthe5th) 11. ClickApply 12. CheckAutofit 13. ClickTitle 14. EnterYAxisLabel:ChestDeflection(mm) 15. ClickApply Method2:Theeasymethod 1. Loadyourd3plotsinLSPrePost(File>Open>BinaryPlot) 2. GotoPage1:ASCII 3. Selectdeforc*fromtheuppersidepanellist 4. ClickLoad 5. Select"11T"inthemiddlesidepanellist(thisisthechestcompressionspring) 6. Select"5Changeinlength"inthebottomsidepanellist 7. ClickPlot Comparingtheresultsofbothmethods FollowbothmethodsaboveinsequenceandclickPAddinsteadofPlotinstep7ofmethod2.The curvesshouldcloselyoverlapespeciallyintheregionofhighestchestdeflection.Pleasenotifyusif youfindresultsthatdifferbymorethan1mm(inthepeakregion)usingthismethodofcomparison.

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FemurForces 1. Loadyourd3plotsinLSPrePost(File>Open>BinaryPlot) 2. GotoPage1:ASCII 3. Selectjntforc*fromtheuppersidepanellist 4. ClickLoad 5. Select"Jt24"(leftfemur)orJt25(rightfemur)fromthemiddlesidepanellist 6. Select"Zforce"fromthebottomsidepanellist 7. ClickPlotorNewinthesidepanel(plotsaxialfemurforceinkN) 8. Click"Filter"inthePlotWindow 9. SelectFilter:bw 10. SelectC/s(Hz):180 11. ClickApply UpperNeckForces 1. Loadyourd3plotsinLSPrePost(File>Open>BinaryPlot) 2. GotoPage1:ASCII 3. Selectjntforc*fromtheuppersidepanellist 4. ClickLoad 5. ClickJforcinthesidepanel 6. Select"Jt39"fromthemiddlesidepanellist 7. Select"Xforce"(ShearForce,Fx)orZForce(TensileForce,Fz)frombottomsidepanellist 8. ClickPlotorNewinthesidepanel(plotsupperneckforceinkN) UpperNeckMomentatOccipitalCondyle(CorrectedMy) TherearetwomethodsofcalculatingCorrectedMy: 1)Asmeasuredfromaphysicaldummyinthelab(eitherstaticordynamictest) 2)Theeasymethod(takingadvantageofthefactthatthisisaCAEmodel) Bothmethodsaredescribedbelowalongwithdirectionsforcomparingtheresults. Method1:Asmeasuredfromaphysicaldummyinthelab Thereasonfor"correctingtheneckmomentobtainedfromtheupperneckloadcellisasfollows: WearereallyinterestedintheupperneckmomentattheOccipitalCondyleofthedummy. Unfortunately,thereisnoroomtoinstalltheupperneckloadcelldirectlyontopoftheOccipital Condyle,sotheloadcellisinstalled0.7in(17.78mm)aboveit(alongthelocalzaxisoftheOccipital Condyle).Duetothisdiscrepancyinlocation,thereadingoftheloadcellhastobemathematically corrected"toreflectthetruereadingattheOccipitalCondyle. 1. Loadyourd3plotsinLSPrePost(File>Open>BinaryPlot) 2. GotoPage1:ASCII 3. Selectjntforc*fromtheuppersidepanellist 4. ClickLoad

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6. Select"Jt39"fromthemiddlesidepanellist(thisistheupperneckloadcell) 7. Select"1Xforce"fromthebottomsidepanellist 8. ClickPlotinthesidepanel(plotsFxattheupperneckloadcell) 9. ClickFilter 10. SelectFilter:bw 11. SelectC/s(Hz):180 12. ClickApply 13. Click"Scale 14. EnterYscale:17.78 15. ClickApply 16. CheckAutofit(thisisthecorrectingmoment) 17. Click"JStifR"inthesidepanel 18. SelectStR16fromthemiddlesidepanellist(thisisthemomentstiffnessatjoint39) 19. Select"18thetamomentstiffness"fromthebottomsidepanellist 20. ClickPAddinthesidepanel(addscurvetoplotfromstep8above) 21. ClickOper 22. Selectsubtract_curves 23. CheckCurve1 24. SelectJSR16fromthelistatthelowerleftofthePlotWindow 25. SelectJt39fromthelist(automaticallyisenteredasCurve2) 26. ClickApply 27. EnterMyCorrected.crvnexttotheSaveResultbutton 28. ClickSaveResult EssentiallywehavemultipliedFxattheloadcellbythedistancebetweentheloadcellandthe OccipitalCondyle(17.78mm).ThisgivesusamomentthatwesubtractfromtheMymeasuredatthe loadcell. Method2:Theeasyway 1. Loadyourd3plotsinLSPrePost(File>Open>BinaryPlot) 2. GotoPage1:ASCII 3. Selectjntforc*fromtheuppersidepanellist 4. ClickLoad 5. ClickJStifRinthesidepanel(allowsustostudymomentsinsteadofforces) 6. Select"StR44"fromthemiddlesidepanellist(thisisthe"generalizedstiffness"fortheOccipital Condyle,asrepresentedbyJointID1inourmodel) 7. Select"18thetamomentstiffness"fromthebottomsidepanellist 8. ClickPlotinthesidepanel(plotscorrectedupperneckmomentinkNmm) NotethatbecausewearemeasuringthemomentattheOccipitalCondyledirectly,itdoesnot havetobecorrected. Comparingtheresultsofbothmethods FollowbothmethodsaboveinsequenceandclickPAddinsteadofPlotinstep8ofmethod2.The curvesshouldcloselyoverlap,sopleasenotifyusifyoufindresultsthatdiffersignificantly.

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LowerTibiaForces 1. Loadyourd3plotsinLSPrePost(File>Open>BinaryPlot) 2. GotoPage1:ASCII 3. Selectjntforc*fromtheuppersidepanellist 4. ClickLoad 5. ClickJforcinthesidepanel 6. Select"Jt42"(LeftTibia)orJt44(RightTibia)fromthemiddlesidepanellist 7. Select"3Zforce"(oranyother)frombottomsidepanellist 8. ClickPlotinthesidepanel(plotslowertibiaforceinkN) LowerTibiaMoments FollowstepsaboveforLowerTibiaForcesexcept Atstep5,clickJStifR Atstep6,select"StR19"(LeftTibia)orStR21(RightTibia) Atstep7,select15phimomentstiffnessforMxor18thetamomentstiffnessforMy LowerLumbarForces 1. Loadyourd3plotsinLSPrePost(File>Open>BinaryPlot) 2. GotoPage1:ASCII 3. Selectjntforc*fromtheuppersidepanellist 4. ClickLoad 5. ClickJforcinthesidepanel 6. Select"Jt38"fromthemiddlesidepanellist 7. Select"3Zforce"(oranyother)frombottomsidepanellist 8. ClickPlotinthesidepanel(plotslowertibiaforceinkN) NotethattheForcesareoutputasperlocalcoordinatesystemID29. LowerLumbarMoments FollowstepsaboveforLowerLumbarForcesexcept Atstep5,clickJStifR Atstep6,select"StR15" Atstep7,select15phimomentstiffnessforMxor18thetamomentstiffnessforMy NotethattherearenoMomentCurvesassociatedwiththisjoint.Thereforethemomentresultsmust becheckedagainsttestresultstoensurethattheyarevalid.

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APPENDIXAPartIDsforContact
PartIDreferenceforsettingupdummytovehicle/structurecontact(allPIDslistedbelongtothe dummy): DummytoAirbagPIDs11,50,52,5972,84,86 ShoestoFloorPanPIDs73,80 Hips/LegstoSeatPIDs6569,72 Arms/HandstoIPPIDs5964 LeftKnee/FemurtoKneeBolsterPIDs50,66,68,70 RightKnee/FemurtoKneeBolsterPIDs52,67,69,71

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APPENDIXBIDOffsetting
ToperformIDoffsettingindependentlyofdummypositioning: 1. Loadthedummymodel(File>Open>LSDYNAKeyword) 2. GotoPage2:Renum 3. SelectOffset 4. SelectALLfromthelist(popupwindowwillappear) 5. EnterDefaultOffsetValue:1000000inthepopupwindow 6. ClickSet(allofthefieldswillbepopulatedwithavalueof1000000) 7. ClickOffset 8. Savetheoffsetdummy(File>SaveKeywordAs)

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APPENDIXCUnitTransformation
Twoinputfilesareprovidedtohelptransformthedummyintoalternateunitsystems.Runningeither withproduceanewfilecalleddyna.incwhichistheconverteddummymodel.Theworkingportionof eachfileislistedbelowforreference.Pleaserefertothefilesthemselvesforanexplanationofhowthe scalefactors(fctmas,fcttim,andfctlen)werederived. RunTransform_mmmskg_To_mmstonne.ktoconvertthedummytommstonneN:
*KEYWORD *INCLUDE_TRANSFORM $#filename LSTC.H3.RigidFE_50th.103008_v1.0.k $#idnoffideoffidpoffidmoffidsoffidfoffiddoff 0000000 $#idroff 0 $#fctmasfcttimfctlenfcttemincout1 0.0010.0011.0001.0001 $#tranid 0 *END

RunTransform_mmmskg_To_English_Units.ktoconvertthedummytoEnglishunits:
*KEYWORD *INCLUDE_TRANSFORM $#filename LSTC.H3.RigidFE_50th.103008_v1.0.k $#idnoffideoffidpoffidmoffidsoffidfoffiddoff 0000000 $#idroff 0 $#fctmasfcttimfctlenfcttemincout1 0.0057080.0010.039371.0001 $#tranid 0 *END

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APPENDIXDTreeFile
OCCINFO/ENDOCCINFO Thetreefileislocatedimmediatelyafter*ENDintheinputfile.Itdescribestherelationshipbetween limbsforalldummiesinthemodelandisenclosedbytwoidentifiers.
%occinfo ... %endoccinfo

OCCUPANT Thetreefilemaycontainseveral%occupantblocks(oneforeachdummyinthemodel)withinthe %occinfosection.Thisblockmaycontainsubblockstofurtherdescribeanoccupantasshownbelow. Notethatsubblocksmayappearinanyorder.

%occupant{ %name %limbs{ limb1, limb2, ..., Limbn } %globals{ %h_point{} %rotation{} %vertical{} } %limb1{} %limb2{} ... %limbn{} }

%name %limbs %globals %h_point %rotation %vertical %limbn

Nameofoccupant. Namesofalllimbsthatcomposetheoccupant. Globaldatarelatedtotheoccupant. Coordinatesofhpoint. Primaryrotationaxisofoccupant. Uprightaxisofoccupant. Limbdefinitions(seebelowformoredetail).

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LIMB Theseblocksareusedtoreconstructtheoccupantslimbseachtimeapositioningoperationis performed.Theydefinethelimbcompositionaswellasitsparent/childrelationships.

%limb1{ %cps{node1/0,node2/0} %lock{0/1,0/1,0/1} %lcid{0,0,0} %part{pid1,pid2,...,pidn} %children{child1,child2,...,childn/0} %parent{parent_name/0,node/0} }

%cps

Controlpoints. node1 node2 Node1definesthecenterofrotationforthelimb.Ifitiszero,thelimb mustbetherootlimb,andthehpointwillbeassignedtoit. Thevectorfromnode1tonode2formsanaxisforthelimbtorotate about.Ifnode2iszero,therotationalaxiswillbethedefaultaxisfor thisoccupantasdefinedinthe%globalsblock.

%lock

Defineshowalimbisallowedtorotateaboutitsconnectingjoint.Whentheconnecting jointisasphericaljoint,thelockconfigurationwilldecidewhichaxisoraxesthelimbis allowedtorotateabout.Thepositionerwilloverlookthelockconfigurationifthe rotationaxisisdefinedbynode1andnode2in%cps.Cautionmustbeexercisedifthere isa*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS_GENERIZEDkeyworddefinedattheconnecting nodesfortwolimbsandthejointisacylindricaljoint.Anincorrectconfigurationofthis lockmayviolatethekeywordinputrules,andthepositionermayendupcreatingan occupantmodelthatLSDYNAwillnotrun.Eachfieldofthelockblockrepresentsthe axisitintendstopreventfromrotation: 1stfield 2ndfield 3rdfield Ifnottrivial,thelimbisnotallowedtorotateaboutthexaxis(verticalx rotation). Ifnottrivial,thelimbisnotallowedtorotateabouttheyaxis(rotation axis). Ifnottrivial,thelimbisnotallowedtorotateaboutthezaxis(vertical axis).

%lcid %part %children %parent

Theseareloadcurveidsforconnectingnodesonlimbs(justforbackwardcompatibility andnotusedanywhereintheoccupantpositioning). Partsthatassimilatethelimb. Childrenthatconnecttothelimb.Ifthelimbhasnochild,insert0. Parentlimbinformationandtheconnectingnodesontheparentpart.Therootlimb doesnothaveanyparentinformation,soinsert0.

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 parent_name Nameoftheparentlimb. node Nodeidthatisattheparentlimbforconnectingtwolimbstogether. Thisnodeshallcoincidewithnode1inthe%cpsblock.Notethatthe twonodeswillautomaticallyformasphericaljointbetweentwolimbs.

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APPENDIXEDummyReplacement
Thefollowingstepsdescribehowtoreplaceaprevious(positioned)dummymodelwiththelatestone (withminimaleffort).Notethatthismethodassumesyourdummymodelisinaseparatefileandhas beenincludedinyourmaindeckusing*INCLUDE.Thismethodalsoassumesthatyourdummymodel containsaTreeFilefollowing*END.BeawarethatthisprocedurewillnotworkforLSTCdummies releasedpriortoMay2007.OnlydummiesreleasedafterthisdatehaveTreeFilesthatcanbe processedbyLSPrePosttoextracttherequiredangles. 1. LaunchanewsessionofLSPrePost 2. LoadtheOLDdummymodel(File>Open>LSDYNAKeyword) 3. RecordtheHPointcoordinates(onapieceofpaper)fromthePage5:DmyPosinterface 4. SelectRotateinthesidepanel 5. RecordAngle1,Angle2,andAngle3(underZYZ)fromthebottompanel NotethatAngles1,2,and3correspondtoZ,Y,andZrespectivelyandthatAngle3=0formost automotivefrontalcrashsituations. 6. SelectLimboperationsinthesidepanel 7. RecordAngle1,Angle2,andAngle3(underZYX)foreverylimb NotethatAngles1,2,and3correspondtoZ,Y,andXrespectivelyandthattheremaybeonlyone angleforsomelimbs. 8. LaunchanewsessionofLSPrePost 9. LoadtheNEWdummymodel 10. EntertheHPointcoordinatesyourecordedinstep3above 11. SelectRotateinthesidepanel 12. Rotatethedummyusingtheanglesfromstep5above 13. SelectLimboperationsinthesidepanel 14. Rotateeachlimbusingtheanglesfromstep7above 15. IftheolddummyhadanyIDoffsetsapplied,usePage2:Renumtoapplythesameoffsetstothe newdummy(clickYeswhenpromptedtosaveyourchangeswhenleavingtheDmyPos interface) 16. Savethenewdummymodel(File>SaveKeywordAs) 17. Includethenewdummyinyourmaindeck(replacingtheolddummy)

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APPENDIXF.lspostrcforOccupantPositioning
ToimportdummiesfromthePage5:DmyPosinterface,alistofavailableoccupantsmustbespecifiedin the.lspostrcfile.The.lspostrcfileisaconfigurationfilethatislocatedinthesamedirectoryastheLS PrePostexecutable.Ifitdoesnotalreadyexist,itcanbegeneratedbylaunchingLSPrePostand selectingFile>SaveConfig.Thefollowinglinescanthenbeaddedatthetopof.lspostrc:
occupant_list=3 lstc.h3.05,C:\LSTC\DUMMIES\LSTC.H3.RigidFE_05th,*,LSTC.H3.RigidFE_05th.103008_v1.0.k\ lstc.h3.50,C:\LSTC\DUMMIES\LSTC.H3.RigidFE_50th,*,LSTC.H3.RigidFE_50th.103008_v1.0.k\ lstc.h3.95,C:\LSTC\DUMMIES\LSTC.H3.RigidFE_95th,*,LSTC.H3.RigidFE_95th.103008_v1.0.k\

Thedetailsrequiredforeachoccupantare:
Identifier,FullPathtooccupantmodel,TreeFilename,KeywordFilename Pleasenotethefollowing: Thenumberofoccupantsinthedatabasemustbespecifiedonthefirstline Eachoftheremaininglinesshouldendwith\ Identifiercanbeanynameyouchoose FullPathmustbemodifieddependingonwheretheoccupantsarelocatedinyourfilesystem TreeFilecanbereplacedwith*ifthetreefileisnotaseparatefile(ifitsincludedattheendof theKeywordFile) Occupantsdefinedinthismannercanthenbedirectlyimportedasfollows: 1. GotoPage5:DmyPos 2. SelectanoccupantidentifierfromtheDummyDatabaselist 3. ClickLoad 4. Similarlyimportadditionaldummymodelsifdesired(notethatyoucanswitchbetweenmodels usingtheOcc.dropdownmenu)

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