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International Organization for

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IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission

http://www.iso.org
http://www.iec.ch

The Codex Alimentarius Commission

WTO

The World Trade Organization

http://www.
codexalimentarius.net
http://www.wto.org

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ITC

International Trade Centre

http://www.intracen.org

7491
041
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OIML

International Organization of Legal

Metrology

http://www.oiml.org

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials

IFAN

International Federation of Standards Users

IAF

International Accreditation Forum

- 2011

CODEX

http://www.astm.org
http://www.ifan.org

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The African Organisation for Standardisation

http://www.arso-oran.org

ARSO

Arabic Industrial Development and Mining

Organization

http://www.aidmo.org

CEN

The European Committee for Standardization

http://www.cen.eu

CENELEC

the European Committee for Electrotechnical

Standardization

http://www.cenelec.eu

European Telecommunications Standards

Institute

http://www.etsi.org

GSO

Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Standardization Organization

http://www.gso.org.sa

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Latin American Quality Institute

http://www.laqi.org

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http://www.ansi.org
American National Standards Institute
ANSI


Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
http://www.uni.com
UNI


)(The Italian Organization for Standardization

http://www.bsi-global.com
British Standards Institution
BSI


Association franaise de Normalisation
http://www.afnor.org
AFNOR

)(The French National Organization for Standardization


http://www.bis.org.in
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS


http://www.jsa.or.jp
Japanese Standards Association
JIS

http://www.eos.org.eg
Egyptian Organization for Standards and Quality
EOS


The Libyan National Centre for Standardization and
http://www.lncsm.org.ly
LNCSM

Metrology

Institut Algrien de Normalisation

http://www.ianor.org
IANOR


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Institut National de la Normalisation et de la Proprit

http://www.innorpi.tn
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INORPI

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Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization
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Public Authority for Industry
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LIBNOR

http://www.libnor.org

JISM

Jordan Institution for Standards and Metrology

http://www.jism.gov.jo

PSI

Palestinian Standards Institution

http://www.psi.gov.ps

ESMA

Emirates Authority Standardization and Metrology

http://www.esma.ae

SNIMA

Service de Normalisation Industrielle Marocaine

)(Industrial Service for Moroccan Standards

http://www.snima.ma

SASMO

Syrian Arab Standards and Metrology Organization

http://www.sasmo.net

Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Oman

http://www.mocioman.
gov.om

- 2011

MOCIOMAN

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ISO 9004:2009
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ISO 9001
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World Standards Day Message
14 October 2010
Standards make the world accessible for all

2010 14

At least 650 million people globally are affected by some kind

650
of disability; one quarter of all citizens in developed countries
60
are 60 or older and, by 2050, most developing countries will have
2050
caught up.

Accessibility is increasingly an issue as the world population

ages and people with disabilities demand equal access to social,

political and economic life. For them, as well as for the able-bod-
ied, access to information and communication is as important as
.
is the ability to use an elevator, enter a building, travel, or safely

turn on and use a device.

But accessibility is not only an issue for the elderly or
.
disabled. Anybody at any stage in life can experience temporar
ily reduced accessibility. When that happens, simple, everyday
:
activities can become very complicated. International standards

give manufacturers and service providers the guidelines on how
.
to design products accessible for all.

A well designed wheelchair ramp conforming to an inter.
national standard may turn out to be really useful for a new

mother with a baby carriage
.
A device with a large switch may make things easier for some 5
one with an injured hand
.
A sensor stopping doors from closing can prevent accidents

when a back injury impairs movement
.
The little dot on the number 5 on a phone keypad makes it

easier to find numbers a boon in the first days after an eye
.
operation.

International standards facilitate everybodys access to

products, structures and services. They include safety considera.
tions, ergonomics and harmonized test methods all geared to
(ISO)( IEC)
increase accessibility. Standards also provide a platform for the
( ITU)
dissemination of technological innovations both in developed

and developing countries.

They help markets to grow faster and increase global trade.
.
IEC, ISO and ITU coordinate their work and offer a system
of standardization that helps designers, manufacturers and policy
makers to make the world safer and more accessible for all, today
and tomorrow.

www.alamelgawda.com

2011 -

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International System of Units - SI
.
,

SI Base Units

Measured Quantity

Length

meter
m

Mass
Kilogram Kg

Time
Second
s

Kelvin Temperature
K
Ampere A Electrical Current
Quantity of matter
Mole
mol

Luminosity
Candela Cd

Plane angle
Radian
rd

International Standards Organization
. ISO


National Institute of Standards
) ( Metrology :

.
Basic Components
of Metrology
: Measurement

www.alamelgawda.com

for measurement.
The SI is a short list of base units defined in an absolute way
without referring to any other units. The base units are consistent
with the part of the metric system called the MKS system. In all
there are seven SI base units:
the meter for distance,
the ampere for electric current
the kilogram for mass,
the kelvin for temperature,
the second for time,
the candela for intensity of light.
the mole for amount of substance, and Other SI units, called
SI derived units, are defined algebraically in terms of these
fundamental units. Currently there are 22 SI derived units. They
include:
the radian and steradian for plane and solid angles, respectively;
the newton for force and the pascal for pressure;
the joule for energy and the watt for power;
the degree Celsius for everyday measurement of temperature;
units for measurement of electricity: the coulomb (charge), volt
(potential), farad (capacitance), ohm (resistance), and siemens
(conductance);
units for measurement of magnetism: the weber (flux), tesla (flux
density), and henry (inductance);
the lumen for flux of light and the lux for illuminance;
the hertz for frequency of regular events and the becquerel for
rates of radioactivity and other random events;
the gray and sievert for radiation dose; and
the katal, a unit of catalytic activity used in biochemistry.
Future meetings of the CGPM may make additions to this list; the
katal was added by the 21st CGPM in 1999.
In addition to the 29 base and derived units, the SI permits the use
of certain additional units, including:
the traditional mathematical units for measuring angles (degree,
arcminute, and arcsecond);
the traditional units of civil time (minute, hour, day, and year);
two metric units commonly used in ordinary life: the liter for
volume and the tonne (metric ton) for large masses;
the logarithmic units bel and neper (and their multiples, such as
the decibel); and
three non-metric scientific units whose values represent important
physical constants: the astronomical unit, the atomic mass unit or
dalton, and the electronvolt.
The SI currently accepts the use of certain other metric and nonmetric units traditional in various fields. These units are supposed
to be defined in relation to the SI in every document in which
they are used, and their use is not encouraged. These barelytolerated units might well be prohibited by future meetings of the
CGPM. They include:

Direct :
.Indirect Measurement Measurement

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International System of :

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The International System of Units (SI)
The International System is called the SI, using the first two
initials of its French name Systme International dUnits. The
key agreement is the Treaty of the Meter (Convention du Mtre),
signed in Paris on May 20, 1875. The word metre is from the Greek
(mtron), a measure, in French means to count or
counter ()
48 nations have now signed this treaty, including all the major
industrialized countries. The SI is maintained by a small agency in
Paris, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM,
for Bureau International des Poids et Mesures), and it is updated
every few years by an international conference, the General
Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM, for Confrence
Gnrale des Poids et Mesures), attended by representatives of all
the industrial countries and international scientific and engineering
organizations. The 23rd CGPM met in 2007; the next meeting will
be in 2011. As BIPM states on its web site, The SI is not static but
evolves to match the worlds increasingly demanding requirements

www.alamelgawda.com

2011 -

36

/ :
:
- - -
- - - -
- -
.

the nautical mile and knot, units traditionally used at sea and in
meteorology;
the are and hectare, common metric units of area;
the bar, a pressure unit, and its commonly-used multiples such as
the millibar in meteorology and the kilobar in engineering;
the angstrom and the barn, units used in physics and astronomy.
The SI does not allow use of any units other than those listed
above and their multiples. In particular, it does not allow use of
any of the English traditional units (the horsepower, for example),
nor does it allow the use of any of the algebraically-derived units
of the former CGS system, such as the erg, gauss, poise, stokes,
or gal. In addition, the SI does not allow use of other traditional
scientific and engineering units, such as the torr, curie, calorie,
or rem.
For multiples of approved units, the SI includes a list of prefixes.
This list has been extended several times, most recently by the
19th CGPM in 1991. Prefixes now range from yotta- at 1024 (one
septillion) to yocto- at 10-24 (one septillionth). The SI does not
allow these prefixes to be used for binary multiples, such as the
use of kilobit to mean 1024 bits instead of 1000. For binary
multiples a new list of special prefixes has been established by the
International Electrotechnical Commission.
Each SI unit is represented by a symbol, not an abbreviation.
The use of unit symbols is regulated by precise rules. the names
of the units vary in spelling according to national conventions.
Therefore, it is correct for Americans to write meter and Germans
to write Meter, and British to write metre, Italians to write metro,
and Poles to write metr.

Traceability :

www.alamelgawda.com

2011 -

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.
Heizer, Jay and Render, Barry. 1993 Production and operation (1
- 2
& management : Strategies and Tactics, 3rd ed . Boston, Allyn
. Bacon

Kantner, Rob. ISO 9000 Answer book, Essex: Oliver Right (2

. pub. , inc 1994
. ISO 9000
Pike, John and Barnes, Richard. (1994) Total Quality manage- (3
- 3
.ment in Action. London: Charman & Hall
Statistical Package for Social Sciences Windows (SPSS Win V. (4

(13.0
.
: B) PAPERS & REVIEW
James Rilay, Just exactly whatis , T.Q.M personal Journal, (1

.Vol. (72) Feb. 1993
Stephen Harrison,( Total Quality management) public admin- (2
:
istration Quarterly ,Vol. (16) No. (4) , 1993
( :
(1 :
2002
(2 :
. 2003
(3 :
2002
(4 :
2000
(5 :
2002
(6 :
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(7 :
.1996
(8 :

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Tel: 0020108415359

108

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:Do





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0020108415359 :

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