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Republic of the Philippines

MALACAANG
Manila

Presidential Decree No. 442 May 1, 1974

As Amended By
Presidential Decrees Nos. 570-A, 626, 643, 823, 819, 856-A, 891, 1367, 1368, 1391, 1412, 1641, 1691, 1692,
1693, 1920, 1921
Mga Batas Pambansa Blg. 32, 70, 130 and 227
Executive Orders Nos. 47, 111, 126, 179, 180, 203, 247, 251, 252, 307 and
Republic Acts Nos. 6640, 6657, 6715, 6725, 6727 and 8558

*OMNIBUS RULES IMPLEMENTING THE LABOR CODE

**RULES ON EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION

A DECREE INSTITUTING A LABOR CODE, THEREBY REVISING AND CONSOLIDATING LABOR AND
SOCIAL LAWS TO AFFORD PROTECTION TO LABOR, PROMOTE EMPLOYMENT AND HUMAN
RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND ENSURE INDUSTRIAL PEACE BASED ON SOCIAL JUSTICE

Preliminary Title

Chapter 1
EMANCIPATION OF TENANTS

Article 7. Statement of objectives. Inasmuch as the old concept of land ownership by a few has spawned valid
and legitimate grievances that gave rise to violent conflict and social tension and the redress of such legitimate
grievances being one of the fundamental objectives of the New Society, it has become imperative to start
reformation with the emancipation of the tiller of the soil from his bondage.

Article 8. Transfer of lands to tenant workers. Being a vital part of the labor force, tenant-farmers on private
agricultural lands primarily devoted to rice and corn under a system of share crop or lease tenancy whether
classified as landed estate or not shall be deemed owner of a portion constituting a family size farm of five
hectares if not irrigated and three hectares if irrigated.

In all cases, the landowner may retain an area of not more than seven hectares if such landowner is cultivating
such area or will now cultivate it.

Article 9. Determination of land value. For the purpose of determining the cost of the land to be transferred to the
m tenant-farmer, the value of the land shall be equivalent to two and one-half times the average harvest of three
normal crop years immediately preceding the promulgation of Presidential Decree No. 27 on October 21, 1972.

The total cost of the land, including interest at the rate of six percent per annum, shall be paid by the tenant in
fifteen years of fifteen equal annual amortizations.

In case of default, the amortizations due shall be paid by the farmer's cooperative of which the defaulting tenant-
farmer is a member, with the cooperative having a right of recourse against him.

The government shall guarantee such amortizations with shares of stock in government-owned and government-
controlled corporations.

Article 10. Conditions of ownership. No title to the land acquired by the tenant-farmer under Presidential Decree

No. 27 shall be actually issued to him unless and until he has become a full-fledged member of a duly recognized
farmers' cooperative.

Title to the land acquired pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 27 or the Land Reform Program of the Government
shall not be transferable except by hereditary succession or to the Government in accordance with the provisions
of Presidential Decree No. 27, the Code of Agrarian Reforms and other existing laws and regulations.

Article 11. Implementing agency. The Department of Agrarian Reform shall promulgate the necessary rules and
regulations to implement the provisions of this chapter.

Book One
PRE-EMPLOYMENT
 PRE-EMPLOYMENT

Article 12. Statement of objectives. It is the policy of the State:

(a) To promote and maintain a state of full employment through improved manpower training, allocation
and utilization;lawphi1.net

(b) To protect every citizen desiring to work locally or overseas by securing for him the best possible terms
and conditions of employment;

(c) To facilitate a free choice of available employment by persons seeking work in conformity with the
national interest;

(d) To facilitate and regulate the movement of workers in conformity with the national interest;

(e) To regulate the employment of aliens, including the establishment of a registration and/or work permit
system;

(f) To strengthen the network of public employment offices and rationalize the participation of the private
sector in the recruitment and placement of workers, locally and overseas, to serve national development
objectives.

(g) To insure careful selection of Filipino workers for overseas employment in order to protect the good
name of the Philippines abroad.

Title I
Recruitment and Placement of Workers

Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 13. Definitions. (a) "Workers" means any member of the labor force, whether employed or unemployed.

(b) "Recruitment and placement" refers to any act of canvassing, enlisting, contracting, transporting,
utilizing, hiring or procuring workers, and includes referrals, contract services, promising or advertising for
employment, locally or abroad, whether for profit or not: Provided, That any person or entity which, in any
manner, offers or promises for a free employment to two or more persons shall be deemed engaged in
recruitment and placement.

(c) "Private employment agency" means any person or entity engaged in the recruitment and placement of
workers for a fee which is charged, directly or indirectly, from the workers or employers or both.

(d) "License" means a document issued by the Department of Labor authorizing a person or entity to
operate a private employment agency.

(e) "Private recruitment entity" means any person or association engaged in the recruitment and placement
of workers, locally or overseas, without charging, directly or indirectly, any fee from the workers or
employers.

(f) "Authority" means a document issued by the Department of Labor authorizing a person or association to
engage in recruitment and placement activities as a private recruitment entity.

(g) "Seaman" means any person employed in a vessel engaged in maritime navigation.

(h) "Overseas employment" means employment of a worker outside the Philippines.

(i) "Emigrant" means any person, worker or otherwise, who emigrates to a foreign country by virtue of an
immigrant visa or resident permit or its equivalent in the country of destination.

Article 14. Employment promotion. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall have the power and authority
to:

(a) Organize and establish new employment offices in addition to the existing employment offices under the
Department of Labor as the need arises;

(b) Organize and establish a nationwide job clearance and information system to inform applicants
registering with a particular employment office of job opportunities in other parts of the country as well as
job opportunities abroad;

(c) Develop and organize programs that will facilitate occupational, industrial and geographical mobility of
labor and provide assistance in the relocation of workers from one area to another; and

(d) Require any person, establishment, organization or institution to submit such employment information
as may be prescribed by the Department of Labor and Employment.

Article 15. Bureau of Employment Services. (a) The Bureau of Employment Services shall be primarily
responsible for developing and monitoring a comprehensive employment program. It shall have the power and
responsible for developing and monitoring a comprehensive employment program. It shall have the power and
duty:

1. To formulate and develop plans and programs to implement the employment promotion objectives
of this Title;

2. To establish and maintain a registration and/or licensing system to regulate private sector
participation in the recruitment and placement of workers, locally and overseas, and to secure the
best possible terms and conditions of employment for Filipino contract workers and compliance
therewith under such rules and regulations as may be issued by the Department of Labor and
Employment.

3. To formulate and develop employment programs designed to benefit disadvantaged groups and
communities;

4. To establish and maintain a registration and/or work permit system to regulate the employment of
aliens;

5. To develop a labor market information system in aid of proper manpower and development
planning;

6. To develop a responsive vocational guidance and testing system in aid of proper human resources
allocation; and

7. To maintain a central registry of skill, except seamen.

(b) The regional offices of the Department of Labor shall have the original and exclusive jurisdiction over all
matters or cases involving employer-employee relations including money claims, arising out of or by virtue
of any law or contracts involving Filipino workers for overseas employment except seamen: Provided, That
the Bureau of Employment Service may, in the cases of the National Capital Region, exercise such power,
whenever the Department of Labor and Employment deems it appropriate. The decisions of the regional
offices or the Bureau of Employment Services if so authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment
as provided in this Article, shall be appealable to the National Labor Relations Commission upon the same
grounds provided in Article 223 hereof. The decisions of the National Labor Relations Commission shall be
final and inappealable.

(c) The Department of Labor and Employment shall have the power to impose and collect fees, based on
rate recommended by the Bureau of Employment Services. Such fees shall be deposited in the National
Treasury as a special account of the General Fund, for the promotion of the objectives of the Bureau of
Employment Services, subject to the provisions of Section 40 of Presidential Decree No. 1177.

Article 16. Private recruitment. Except as provided in Chapter II of this Title, no person or entity, other than the
public employment offices and the OEDB for overseas employment, shall engage in the recruitment and
placement of workers.

Article 17. Overseas Employment Development Board. An Overseas Employment Development Board is hereby
created to undertake, in cooperation with relevant entities and agencies, a systematic program for overseas
employment of Filipino workers in excess of domestic needs and to protect their rights to fair and equitable
employment practices. It shall have the power and duty:

1. To promote and overseas employment of Filipino workers through a comprehensive market promotion
and development program;

2. To secure the best possible terms and conditions of employment of Filipino contract workers on a
government-to-government basis and to ensure compliance therewith;

3. To recruit and place workers for overseas employment on a government arrangement and in such other
sectors as policy may dictate; and

4. To act as secretariat for the Board of Trustees of the Welfare and Training Fund for Overseas Workers.

Article 18. Ban on direct hiring. No employer may hire a Filipino worker for overseas employment except through
the Boards and entities authorized by the Department of Labor and Employment. Direct hiring by members of the
diplomatic service, officials and employees of international organizations and such other employers as may be
allowed by the Department and Labor and Employment is exempt from this provision.

Article 19. Office of Emigrant Affairs. (a) Pursuant to the national policy to maintain close ties with Filipino migrant
communities and promote their welfare as well as establish a data bank in aid of national manpower policy
information, an Office of Emigrant Affairs is hereby created in the Department of Labor and Employment. The
Office shall be a unit at the Office of the Secretary and shall initially be manned and operated by such personnel
and through such fundings as are available within the Department and its attached agencies. Thereafter, its
appropriation shall be made part of the regular General Appropriation Decree.

(b) The Office shall, among others, promote the well-being of emigrants and maintain their close link to the
homeland by:
 homeland by:

1. Serving as a liaison with migrant communities;

2. Providing welfare and cultural services;

3. Promoting and facilitating re-integration of migrants into the national mainstream;

4. Promoting economic, political and cultural ties with the communities; and

5. Undertaking such activities as may be appropriate to enhance such cooperative links.

Article 20. National Seamen Board. (a) A National Seamen Board is hereby created which shall develop and
maintain a comprehensive program for Filipino seamen employed overseas. It shall have the power and duty:

1. To provide free placement services for seamen;

2. To regulate and supervise the activities of agents or representatives of shipping companies in the
hiring of seamen for overseas employment; and secure the best possible terms of employment for
contract seamen workers and secure compliance therewith; and

3. To maintain a complete registry of all Filipino seamen.

(b) The Board shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction over all matters or cases including money
claims, involving employer-employee relations, arising out of or by virtue of any law or contracts involving
Filipino seamen for overseas employment. The decision of the Board shall be appealable to the National
Labor Relations Commission upon the same grounds provided in Article 223 hereof. The decision of the
National Labor Relations Commission shall be final and inappealable.

Article 21. Foreign service role and participation. To provide ample protection to Filipino workers abroad, the
labor attaches, the labor reporting officers duly designated by the Department of Labor and Employment and the
Philippine diplomatic or consular officials concerned, shall, even without prior instruction or advice from the home
office, exercise the power and duty:

(a) To provide all Filipino workers within their jurisdiction assistance on all matters arising out of
employment;

(b) To ensure that Filipino workers are not exploited or discriminated against;

(c) To verify and certify as requisite to authentication that the terms and conditions of employment in
contracts involving Filipino workers are in accordance with the Labor Code and rules and regulations of the
Overseas Employment Development Board and the National Seamen Board;

(d) To make continuing studies or research and recommendations on the various aspects of the
employment market within their jurisdiction:

(e) To gather and analyze information on the employment situation and its probable trends, and to make
such information available to the Department of Labor and Employment and the Department of Foreign
Affairs; and

(f) To perform such other duties as may be required of them from time to time.

Article 22. Mandatory remittance of foreign exchange earnings. It shall be mandatory for all Filipino workers
abroad to remit a portion of their foreign exchange earnings to their families, dependents, and/or beneficiaries in
the country in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Article 23. Composition of the Boards. (a) The OEDB shall be composed of the Secretary of Labor and
Employment as Chairman, the Undersecretary of Labor as Vice-Chairman, and a representative each of the
Department of Foreign Affairs, the Department of National Defense, the Central Bank, the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports, the National Manpower and Youth Council, the Bureau of Employment Services, a
workers' organization and an employers' organization and the Executive Director of the OEDB as members.

(b) The National Seamen Board shall be composed of the Secretary of Labor and Employment as
Chairman, the Undersecretary of Labor as Vice-Chairman, the Commandant of the Philippine Coast Guard,
and a representative each of the Department of Foreign Affairs, the Department of Education, Culture and
Sports, the Central Bank, the Maritime Industry Authority, the Bureau of Employment Services, a national
shipping association and the Executive Director of the NSB as members.

The members of the Boards shall receive allowances to be determined by the Board which shall not be
more than P2,000 per month.

(c) The Boards shall be attached to the Department of Labor for policy and program coordination. They
shall each be assisted by a Secretariat headed by an Executive Director who shall be a Filipino citizen with
sufficient experience in manpower administration, including overseas employment activities. The Executive
Director shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines upon the recommendation of the Secretary
of Labor and shall receive an annual salary as fixed by law. The Secretary of Labor shall appoint the other
members of the Secretariat.
 members of the Secretariat.

(d) The Auditor General shall appoint his representative to the Boards to audit their respective accounts in
accordance, with auditing laws and pertinent rules and regulations.

Article 24. Boards to issue rules and collect fees. The Boards shall issue appropriate rules and regulations to
carry out their functions. They shall have the power to impose and collect fees from employers concerned, which
shall be deposited to the respective accounts of said Boards and be used by them exclusively to promote their
objectives.

Chapter 2
REGULATION OF RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT ACTIVITIES

Article 25. Private sector participation in the recruitment and placement of workers. Pursuant to national
development objectives and in order to harness and maximize the use of private sector resources and initiative in
the development and implementation of a comprehensive employment program, the private employment sector
shall participate in the recruitment and placement of workers, locally and overseas, under such guidelines, rules
and regulations, as may be issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Article 26. Travel agencies prohibited to recruit. Travel agencies and sales agencies of airline companies are
prohibited from engaging in the business of recruitment and placement of workers for overseas employment
whether for profit or not.

Article 27. Citizenship requirement. Only Filipino citizens or corporations, partnerships or entities at least 75
percent of the authorized and voting capital stock of which is owned and controlled by Filipino citizens shall be
permitted to participate in the recruitment and placement of workers, locally or overseas.

Article 28. Capitalization. All applicants for authority to hire or renewal of license to recruit are required to have
such substantial capitalization as determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Article 29. Non-transferability of license or authority. No license or authority shall be used directly or indirectly by
any person other than the one in whose favor it was issued at any place other than that stated in the license or
authority, nor may such license or authority be transferred, conveyed or assigned to any other person or entity.
Any transfer of business address, appointment or designation of any agent or representative including the
establishment of additional offices anywhere shall be subject to the prior approval of the Department of Labor and
Employment.

Article 30. Registration fees. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall promulgate a schedule of fees for the
registration of all applicants for license or authority.

Article 31. Bonds. All applicants for license or authority shall post such cash and surety bonds as determined by
the Secretary of Labor and Employment to guarantee compliance with prescribed recruitment procedures, rules
and regulations, and terms and conditions of employment as appropriate.

Article 32. Fees to be paid by workers. Any person applying with a private fee charging employment agency for
employment assistance shall not be charged any fee until he has obtained employment through his efforts or has
actually commenced employment. Such fee must be always covered with approved receipt clearly showing the
amount paid. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall promulgate a schedule of allowable fees.

Article 33. Reports on employment status. Whenever the public interest so requires, the Secretary of Labor and
Employment may direct all persons or entities within the coverage of this Title to submit a report on the status of
employment, including job vacancies; details of job requisitions, separation from jobs, wages, other terms and
conditions, and other employment data.

Article 34. Prohibited practices. It shall be unlawful for any individual, entity, licensee or holder of authority:

(a) To charge or accept directly or indirectly any amount greater than that specified in the schedule of
allowable fees prescribed by the Secretary of Labor and Employment, or to make a worker pay any amount
greater than that actually received by him as a loan or advance;

(b) To furnish or publish any false notice or information or document in relation to recruitment or
employment;

(c) To give any false notice, testimony, information or document or commit any act or misrepresentation for
the purpose of securing a license or authority under this Code;

(d) To induce or attempt to induce a worker already employed to quit his employment in order to offer him
another unless the transfer is designed to liberate a worker from oppressive terms and conditions of
employment;

(e) To influence or attempt to influence any person or entity not to employ any worker who has not applied
for employment through his agency;

(f) To engage in the recruitment or placement of workers in jobs harmful to public health or morality or to
the dignity of the Republic of the Philippines;
 (g) To obstruct or attempt to obstruct inspection by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or by his duly
authorized representatives;

(h) To fail to file reports on the status of employment, placement vacancies, remittance of foreign exchange
earnings, separation from jobs, departures and such other matters or information as may be required by
the Secretary of Labor and Employment;

(i) To substitute or alter employment contracts approved and verified by the Department of Labor and
Employment from the time of actual signing thereof by the parties up to and including the period of
expiration of the same without the approval of the Department of Labor and Employment.

(j) To become officer or member of the Board of any corporation engaged in travel agency or to be
engaged directly or indirectly in the management of a travel agency;

(k) To withhold or deny travel documents from applicant workers before departure for monetary or financial
considerations other than those authorized under this Code and its implementing rules and regulations.

Article 35. Suspension and/or cancellation of license or authority. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall
have the power to suspend or cancel any license or authority to recruit employees for overseas employment for
violation of rules and regulations issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment, the Overseas Employment
Development Board, and the National Seamen Board, or for violations of the provisions of this and other
applicable laws, General Orders and Letters of Instructions.

Article 36. Regulatory power. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall have the power to restrict and
regulate the recruitment and placement activities of all agencies within the coverage of this Title and is hereby
authorized to issue orders and promulgate rules and regulations to carry out the objectives and implement the
provisions of this Title.

Chapter 3
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Article 37. Visitorial power. The Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized representatives may
at any time inspect the premises, books of accounts and records of any person or entity covered by this Title,
require it to submit reports regularly on prescribed forms, and act on violations of any provision of this Title.

Article 38. Illegal Recruitment. (a) The following recruitment activities are deemed illegal and punishable as
provided herein:

1. Those undertaken in any form or manner by non-licensees or non-holders of authority;

2. Participation in the exaction of money, goods and/or services in consideration of employment in an

amount exceeding that authorized by law or appropriate regulations; and

3. Participation in the recruitment , placement or deployment of any worker under false pretense or false
documentation.

(b) Illegal recruitment shall be considered as a crime of economic sabotage and shall be penalized
as such in accordance with existing laws.

(c) The Secretary of Labor or his duly authorized representative shall have the power to recommend
the arrest and detention of any person engaged in illegal recruitment.

(d) The Department of Labor shall set up a secretariat on illegal recruitment to serve as the focal
point for all inter-agency efforts against illegal recruitment and related activities. The Secretariat shall
initially be manned and operated by such personnel and through such funding as are available in the
Department of Labor. Thereafter its appropriation shall be made part of the regular appropriation act.

Article 39. Penalties. (a) Any license or holder of authority found violating or causing another to violate any
provision of this Title or its implementing rules and regulations shall, upon conviction thereof, suffer the penalty of
imprisonment of not less than two years nor more than five years or a fine of not less than P10,000 nor more than
P50,000 or both such imprisonment and fine, at the discretion of the court;

(b) Any person who is neither a license nor a holder of authority under this Title found violating any
provision thereof or its implementing rules and regulations shall, upon conviction thereof, suffer the penalty
of imprisonment of not less than four years nor more than eight years or a fine of not less than P20,000 nor
more than P100,000 or both such imprisonment and fine, at the discretion of the court;
(c) If the offender is a corporation, partnership, association or entity, the penalty shall be imposed upon the
officer or officers of the corporation, partnership, association or entity responsible for violation; and if such
officer is an alien, he shall, in addition to the penalties herein prescribed, be deported without further
proceedings;

(d) In every case, conviction shall cause and carry the automatic revocation of the license or authority and
all the permits and privileges granted to such person or entity under this Title, and the forfeiture of the cash
and surety bonds in favor of the Overseas Employment Development Board or the National Seamen Board,
as the case may be, both of which are authorized to use the same exclusively to promote their objectives.
 as the case may be, both of which are authorized to use the same exclusively to promote their objectives.

Title II
Employment of Non-Resident Aliens

Article 40. Employment permit for non-resident aliens. Any alien seeking admission to the Philippines for
employment purposes and any domestic or foreign employer who desires to engage an alien for employment in
the Philippines shall obtain an employment permit from the Department of Labor and Employment.

The employment permit may be issued to a non-resident alien or to the applicant employer after a determination
of the non-availability of a person in the Philippines who is competent, able and willing at the time of application to
perform the services for which the alien is desired.

For an enterprise registered in preferred areas of investment, said employment permit may be issued upon
recommendation of the government agency charged with the supervision of said registered enterprise.

Article 41. Prohibition and penal sanctions. (a) After the issuance of employment permit, the alien shall not
transfer to another job or change his employer without prior approval of Secretary of Labor and Employment.

(b) Any non-resident alien who shall take up employment in violation of the provision of this Title and its
implementing rules and regulations shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Articles 289 and
290 of the Labor Code.

In addition, the alien worker shall be subject to deportation after service of his sentence.

Article 42. Submission of list. Any employer employing non-resident foreign nationals on the effective date of this
Code shall submit a list of such nationals to the Secretary of Labor and Employment within 30 days after such
date indicating their names, citizenship, foreign and local addresses, nature of employment and status of stay in
the country. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall then determine if they are entitled to an employment
permit.

Book Two
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

Title I
National Manpower Development Program

Chapter 1
NATIONAL POLICIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

Article 43. Statement of objective. It is the objective of this Title to develop human resources, establish training
institutions and formulate such plans and programs that will ensure efficient allocation, development and
utilization of the nation's manpower and thereby promote employment and accelerate economic and social
growth.

Article 44. Definitions. As used in this Title: (a) "Manpower" shall mean that portion of the nation's population
which has actual or potential capability to contribute directly to the production of goods and services.

(b) "Entrepreneurship" shall mean training for self-employment or assisting individual or small industries within the
purview of this Title.

Article 45. National Manpower and Youth Council Composition. To carry out the objectives of this Title, the
National Manpower and Youth Council, which is attached to the Department of Labor and Employment for policy
and program coordination and hereinafter referred to as the Council, shall be composed of the Secretary of Labor
and Employment as ex-officio chairman, the Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports as ex-officio vice-
chairman, and as ex-officio members: the Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority;
the Secretary of Agriculture; the Secretary of Natural Resources; the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission;
the Secretary of Social Welfare; the Secretary of Local Government and Community Development, the Chairman
of the National Science Development Board; the Secretary of Trade and Industry and the Director-General of the
Council. The Director-General of the Council shall have no vote.

In addition, the President shall appoint the following members from the private sector; two representatives of
national organizations of employers; two representatives of national workers organizations; and two from national
family and youth organizations, each for a term of three years.

Article 46. National Manpower Plan. The Council shall formulate a long-term national manpower plan for the
optimum allocation, development and utilization of manpower for employment, entrepreneurship and economic
and social growth. This manpower plan shall, after adoption by the Council, be updated annually and submitted to
the President for his approval. Thereafter, it shall be the controlling plan for the development of manpower
resources for the entire country in accordance with the national development plan. The Council shall call upon
any agency of government or the private sector to assist in this effort.

Article 47. National Manpower Skills Center. The Council shall establish a National Manpower Skills Center and
regional and local training centers for the purpose of promoting the development of skills. The centers shall be
administered and operated under such rules and regulations as may be established by the Council.
administered and operated under such rules and regulations as may be established by the Council.

Article 48. Establishment and formulation of skills standards. There shall be national skills standards for industry
trades to be established by the Council in consultation with employers and workers organizations and appropriate
government authorities. The Council shall thereafter administer the national skills standards.

Article 49. Administration of training programs. The Council shall provide through the Secretariat instructor
training, entrepreneurship development, training in vocations, trades and other fields of employment, and assist
any employer or organization in training schemes designed to attain its objectives under rules and regulations
which the Council shall establish for this purpose.

The Council shall exercise, through the Secretariat, authority and jurisdiction over, and administer, on-going
technical assistance programs and/or grants-in-aid for manpower youth development including those which may
be entered into between the Government of the Philippines and international and foreign organizations and
nations, as well as persons and organizations in the Philippines.

In order to integrate the national manpower development effort, all manpower training schemes as provided for in
this Code shall be coordinated with the Council particularly those having to do with the setting of skills standards.
For this purpose, existing manpower training programs in government and in the private sector shall be reported
to the Council which may regulate such programs to make them conform with national development programs.

This Article shall not include apprentices, learners and handicapped workers as governed by appropriate
provisions of this Code.

Article 50. Industry boards. The Council shall establish industry boards to assist in the establishment of
manpower development schemes, trades and skills standards and such other functions as will provide direct
participation of employers and workers in the fulfillment of the Council's objectives, in accordance with guidelines
to be established by the Council and in consultation with the National Economic and Development Authority.

The maintenance and operations of the Industry Boards shall be financed through a funding scheme under such
rates or fees and manners of collection and disbursements as may be determined by the Council.

Article 51. Employment service training functions. The Council shall utilize the employment service of the
Department of Labor and Employment for the placement of its graduates. The Bureau of Employment Services
shall render assistance to the Council in the measurement of unemployment and under-employment, conduct of
local manpower resource surveys and occupational studies including an inventory of the labor force,
establishment and maintenance without charge of a national register of technicians who have successfully
completed a training program under this Act and skilled manpower including its periodic publication, and
maintenance of an adequate and up-to-date system of employment information.

Article 52. Incentive scheme. An additional deduction from taxable income of one-half of the value of labor
training expenses incurred for development programs shall be granted to the person or enterprise concerned
provided that such development programs, other than apprenticeship, are approved by the Council and the

deduction does not exceed ten percent of direct labor wage.

There shall be a review of the said scheme two years after its implementation.

Article 53. Council Secretariat. The Council shall have a Secretariat headed by a Director-General who shall be
assisted by a Deputy Director-General, both of whom shall be career administrators appointed by the President of
the Philippines on recommendation of the Secretary of Labor and Employment. The Secretariat shall be under the
administrative supervision of the Secretary of Labor and Employment and shall have an Office of Manpower
Planning and Development, an Office of Vocational Preparation, a National Manpower Skills Center, regional
manpower development offices and such other offices as may be necessary.

The Director-General shall have the rank and emoluments of an undersecretary and shall serve for a term of ten
years. The Executive-Directors of the Office of Manpower Planning and Development, the Office of Vocational
Preparation and the National Manpower Skills Center shall have the rank and emoluments of a bureau director
and shall be subject to Civil Service Law, rules and regulations. The Director-General, Deputy Director-General
and Executive Directors shall be natural-born citizens, between thirty and fifty years of age at the time of
appointment, with a master's degree, or its equivalent, and experience in national planning and development of
human resources. The Executive Director of the National Manpower Skills Center shall, in addition to the
foregoing qualifications, have undergone training in center management. Executive Directors shall be appointed
by the President on the recommendations of the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

The Director-General shall appoint such personnel necessary to carry out the objectives, policies and functions of
the Council subject to Civil Service rules. The regular professional and technical personnel shall be exempt from
WAPCO rules and regulations.

The Secretariat shall have the following functions and responsibilities:

(a) To prepare and recommend the manpower plan for approval by the Council;

(b) To recommend allocation of resources for the implementation of the manpower plan as approved by the
Council;

(c) To carry out the manpower plan as the implementing arm of the Council;
 (c) To carry out the manpower plan as the implementing arm of the Council;

(d) To effect the efficient performance of the functions of the Council and the achievement of the objectives
of this Title;

(e) To determine specific allocation of resources for projects to be undertaken pursuant to approved
manpower plans;

(f) To submit to the Council periodic reports on the progress and accomplishment of work programs;

(g) To prepare for approval by the Council an annual report to the President on plans, programs and
projects on manpower and out-of-school youth development;

(h) To enter into agreements to implement approved plans and programs and perform any and all such
acts as will fulfill the objectives of this Code as well as ensure the efficient performance of the functions of
the Council; and

(i) To perform such other functions as may be authorized by the Council.

Article 54. Regional manpower development offices. The Council shall create regional manpower development
offices which shall determine the manpower needs of the industry, agriculture and other sectors of the economy
within their respective jurisdictions; provide the Council's central planners with the data for updating the national
manpower plan; recommend programs for the regional level agencies engaged in manpower and youth
development within the policies formulated by the Council; administer and supervise Secretariat training programs
within the region and perform such other functions as may be authorized by the Council.

Article 55. Consultants and technical assistance, publication and research. In pursuing its objectives, the Council
is authorized to set aside a portion of its appropriation for the hiring of services of qualified consultants, and/or
private organizations for research work and publication. It shall avail itself of the services of other agencies of the
Government as may be required.

Article 56. Rules and regulations. The Council shall define its broad functions and issue appropriate rules and
regulations necessary to implement the provisions of this Code.

Title II
Training and Employment of Special Workers

Chapter 1
APPRENTICESHIP

Article 57. Statement of objective. This Title aims:

(1) To help meet the demand of the economy for trained manpower;

(2) To establish a national apprenticeship program through the participation of employers, workers, and
government and non-government agencies; and

(3) To establish apprenticeship standards for the protection of apprentices.

Article 58. Definition of terms. As used in this Title:

(a) "Apprenticeship" means practical training on the job supplemented by related theoretical instruction.

(b) An "apprentice" is a worker who is covered by a written apprenticeship agreement with an individual
employer or any of the entities recognized under this Chapter.

(c) An "apprenticeable occupation" means any trade, form of employment or occupation which requires
more than three months of practical training on the job supplemented by related theoretical instruction.

(d) "Apprenticeship agreement" is an employment contract wherein the employer binds himself to train the
apprentice and the apprentice in turn accepts the terms of training.

Article 59. Qualifications of apprentice. To qualify as an apprentice, a person shall:

(a) Be at least fourteen year of age;

(b) Possess vocational aptitude and capacity for apprenticeship as established through appropriate tests;
and

(c) Possess the ability to comprehend and follow oral and written instructions.

Trade and industry associations may recommend to the Secretary of Labor and Employment appropriate
educational requirements for different occupations.

Article 60. Employment of Apprentices. Only employers in the highly technical industries may employ apprentices
and only in apprenticeable occupation approved by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.
and only in apprenticeable occupation approved by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Article 61. Contents of apprenticeship agreements. Apprenticeship agreements, including wage rates of
apprentices, shall conform to the rules issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment. The period of
apprenticeship shall not exceed six months. Apprenticeship agreements providing for wage rates below the legal
minimum wage, which in no case shall start below 75 per cent of the applicable minimum wage, may be entered
into only in accordance with apprenticeship programs duly approved by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.
The Department shall develop standard model programs of apprenticeship.

Article 62. Signing of apprenticeship agreement. Every apprenticeship agreement shall be signed by the
employer or his agent, or by an authorized representative of any of the recognized organizations, associations or
groups and by the apprentice.

An apprenticeship agreement with a minor shall be signed in his behalf by his parent or guardian or, if the latter is
not available, by an authorized representative of the Department of Labor and Employment, and the same shall
be binding during its lifetime.

Every apprenticeship agreement entered into under this Title shall be ratified by the appropriate apprenticeship
committees, if any, and a copy thereof shall be furnished both the employer and the apprentice.

Article 63. Venue of apprenticeship program. Any firm, employer group or association, industry organization or
civic group wishing to organize an apprenticeship program may choose from any of the following apprenticeship
schemes as the training venue for apprentices:

(a) Apprenticeship conducted entirely by and within the sponsoring firm, establishment or entity;

(b) Apprenticeship entirely within a Department of Labor and Employment training center or other public
training institution; or

(c) Initial training in trade fundamentals in a training center or other institution with subsequent actual work
participation within the sponsoring firm or entity during the final stage of training.

Article 64. Sponsoring of apprenticeship program. Any of the apprenticeship schemes recognized herein may be
undertaken or sponsored by a single employer or firm or by a group or association thereof, or by a civic
organization. Actual training of apprentices may be undertaken:

(a) In the premises of the sponsoring employer in the case of individual apprenticeship programs;

(b) In the premises of one or several designated firms in the case of programs sponsored by a group or
association of employers or by a civic organization; or

(c) In a Department of Labor and Employment training center or other public training institution.

Article 65. Investigation of violation of apprenticeship agreement. Upon complaint of any interested person or
upon its own initiative, the appropriate agency of the Department of Labor and Employment or its authorized
representative shall investigate any violation of any apprenticeship agreement pursuant to such rules and
regulations as may be prescribed by the Department of Labor and Employment.

Article 66. Appeal to the Secretary of Labor and Employment. The decision of the authorized agency of the
Department of Labor and Employment may be appealed by any aggrieved person to the Secretary of Labor and
Employment within five days from receipt of the decision. The decision of the Secretary of Labor and Employment
shall be final and executory.

Article 67. Exhaustion of administrative remedies. No person shall institute any action for the enforcement of any
apprenticeship agreement, or damages for breach of any such agreement, unless he has exhausted all available
administrative remedies.

Article 68. Aptitude testing of applicants. Consonant with the minimum qualifications of apprentice-applicants
required under this Chapter, employers of entities with duly recognized apprenticeship programs shall have
primary responsibility for providing appropriate aptitude tests in the selection of apprentices. If they do not have
adequate facilities for the purpose, the Department of Labor and Employment may perform the service free of
charge.

Article 69. Responsibility for theoretical instruction. Supplementary theoretical instruction to apprentices in cases
where the program is undertaken in the plant may be done by the employer. If the latter is not prepared to
assume the responsibility, the same may be delegated to an appropriate government agency.

Article 70. Voluntary organization of apprenticeship program; exemptions. (a) The organization of apprenticeship
programs shall be primarily a voluntary undertaking by employers.

(b) When national security or particular requirements of economic development so demand, the President
of the Philippines may require compulsory training of apprentices in certain trades, occupations, jobs or
employment levels where shortage of trained manpower is deemed critical as determined by the Secretary
of Labor and Employment. Appropriate rules in this connection shall be promulgated by the Secretary of
Labor and Employment as the need arises.

(c) Where services of foreign technicians are utilized by private companies in apprenticeable trades, said
 (c) Where services of foreign technicians are utilized by private companies in apprenticeable trades, said
companies are required to set up appropriate apprenticeship programs.

Article 71. Deductibility of training costs. An additional deduction from taxable income of one-half of the value of
labor training expenses incurred for developing the productivity and efficiency of apprentices shall be granted to
the person or enterprise organizing an apprenticeship program provided such program is duly recognized by the
Department of Labor and Employment; provided further that such deduction shall not exceed 10 percent of direct
labor wage; and provided finally that the person or enterprise who wish to avail of this incentive should pay his
apprentices the minimum wages.

Article 72. Apprentices without compensation. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may authorize the hiring
of apprentices without compensation whose training on the job is required by the school or training program
curriculum or as a requisite for graduation or board examination.

Chapter 2
LEARNERS

Article 73. Learners defined. Learners are persons hired as trainees in semi-skilled and other industrial
occupations which are non-apprenticeable and which may be learned through practical training on the job in a
relatively short period of time which shall not exceed three months.

Article 74. When Learners may be hired. Learners may be employed when no experienced workers are
available, the employment of learners is necessary to prevent curtailment of employment opportunities, and the
employment does not create unfair competition in terms of labor costs or impair or lower working standards.

Article 75. Learnership agreement. Any employer desiring to employ learners shall enter into a learnership
agreement with them, which agreement shall include:

(a) The names and addresses of the learners;

(b) The duration of the learnership period, which shall not exceed three months;

(c) The wages or salary rates of the learners which shall begin at not less than 75 percent of the applicable
minimum wage; and

(d) A commitment to employ the learners, if they so desire, as regular employees upon completion of the
learnership. All learners who have been allowed or suffered to work during the first two months shall be
deemed regular employees if training is terminated by the employer before the end of the stipulated period
through no fault of the learner.

The learnership agreement shall be subject to inspection by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly
authorized representatives.

Article 76. Learners in piece work. Learners employed in piece or incentive rate jobs during the training period
shall be paid in full for the work done.

Article 77. Penalty clause. Any violation of this Chapter or its implementing rules and regulations shall be subject
to the general penalty clause provided for in this Code.

Chapter 3
HANDICAPPED WORKERS

Article 78. Definition. Handicapped workers are those whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or
mental deficiency or injury.

Article 79. When employable. Handicapped workers may be employed when their employment is necessary to
prevent curtailment of employment opportunities and when it does not create unfair competition in labor costs or
impair or lower working standards.

Article 80. Employment agreement. Any employer who employs handicapped workers shall enter into an
employment agreement with them, which agreement shall include:

(a) The names and addresses of the handicapped workers to be employed.

(b) The rate to be paid the handicapped workers which shall be not less than 75 percent of the applicable
legal minimum wage;

(c) The duration of employment period; and

(d) The work to be performed by the handicapped workers.

The employment agreement shall be subject to inspection by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly
authorized representatives.

Article 81. Eligibility for apprenticeship. Subject to the appropriate provisions of this Code, handicapped workers
may be hired as apprentices or learners if their handicap is not such as to effectively impede the performance of
may be hired as apprentices or learners if their handicap is not such as to effectively impede the performance of
job operations in the particular occupations for which they are hired.

Book Three
CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT

Title I
Working Conditions and Rest Periods

Chapter 1
HOURS OF WORK

Article 82. Coverage. The provision of this Title shall apply to employees in all establishments and undertakings,
whether for profit or not, but not to government employees, managerial employees, field personnel, members of
the family of the employer who are dependent on him for support, domestic helpers, persons in the personal
service of another and workers who are paid by results as determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment
in appropriate regulations.

As used herein, "managerial employees" refers to those whose primary duty consists of the management of the
establishment in which they are employed or of a department or subdivision thereof, and to other officers or
members of the managerial staff.

"Field personnel" refers to non-agricultural employees who regularly perform their duties away from the principal
place of business or branch office of the employer and whose actual hours of work in the field cannot be
determined with reasonable certainty.

Article 83. Normal hours of work. The normal hours of work of any employee shall not exceed eight in a day.

Health personnel in cities or municipalities with a population of at least one million or in hospitals or clinics with a
bed capacity of at least one hundred shall hold regular office hours for eight hours a day, for five days a week, or
a total of forty hours a week, exclusive of time for meals, except where the exigencies of the service require that
such personnel work for six days, forty-eight hours, in which case they shall be entitled to an additional
compensation of at least 30 percent of their regular wage for work on the sixth day. For purposes of this Article,
"health personnel" shall include: resident physicians, nurses, nutritionists, dieticians, pharmacists, social workers,
laboratory technicians, paramedical technicians, psychologists, midwives, attendants and all other hospital or
clinic personnel.

Article 84. Hours worked. Hours worked shall include (a) all time during which an employee is required to be on
duty or to be at a prescribed workplace, and (b) all time during which an employee is suffered or permitted to
work.

Rest periods of short duration during working hours shall be counted as hours worked.

Article 85. Meal periods. Subject to such regulations as the Secretary of Labor and Employment may prescribe, it
shall be the duty of every employer to give his employees not less than sixty minutes time-off for their regular
meals.

Article 86. Night shift differential. Every employee shall be paid a night shift differential of not less than ten
percent of his regular wage for each hour of work performed between ten o'clock in the evening and six o'clock in
the morning.

Article 87. Overtime work. Work may be performed beyond eight hours a day provided that the employee is paid
for the overtime work an additional compensation equivalent to his regular wage plus at least twenty-five percent
thereof. Work performed beyond eight hours on a holiday or rest day shall be paid an additional compensation
equivalent to the rate for the first eight hours on a holiday or rest day plus at least 30 percent thereof.

Article 88. Undertime not offset be overtime. Undertime work on any particular day shall not be offset by overtime
work on any other day. Permission given to the employee to go on leave on some other day of the week shall not
exempt the employer from paying the additional compensation required in this Chapter.
Article 89. Emergency overtime work. Any employee may be required by the employer to perform overtime work
in any of the following cases:

(a) When the country is at war or when any other national or local emergency has been declared by
Congress or the Chief Executive;

(b) When it is necessary to prevent loss of life or property or in case of imminent danger to public safety
due to an actual or impending emergency in the locality caused by serious accidents, fire, flood, typhoon,
earthquake, epidemic or other disaster or calamity;

(c) When there is urgent work to be performed on machines, installation or equipment, in order to avoid
serious loss or damage to the employer or some other cause of similar nature;

(d) When the work is necessary to prevent loss or damage to perishable goods;

(e) Where the completion or continuation of the work started before the 8th hour is necessary to prevent
serious obstruction or prejudice to the business or operations of the employer.
 serious obstruction or prejudice to the business or operations of the employer.

Any employee required to render overtime work under this Article shall be paid the additional compensation
required in this Chapter.

Article 90. Computation of additional compensation. For purposes of computing overtime and other additional
remuneration as required by this Chapter, the "regular wage" of an employee shall include the cash wage only,
without deduction on account of facilities provided by the employer.

Chapter 2
WEEKLY REST PERIODS

Article 91. Right to weekly rest day. (a) It shall be the duty of every employer, whether operating for profit or not,
to provide each of his employees a rest period of not less than twenty-four consecutive hours after every six
consecutive normal work days.

(b) The employer shall determine and schedule the weekly rest day of his employees, subject to collective
agreement and to such rules and regulations as the Secretary of Labor and Employment may provide.
However, the employer shall respect the preference of employees as to their weekly rest day when such
preference is based on religious grounds.

Article 92. When employer may require work on a rest day. The employer may require his employees to work on
any day:

(a) In case of actual or impending emergencies caused by serious accidents, fire, flood, typhoon,
earthquake, epidemic or other disaster or calamity to prevent loss of life and property or imminent danger
to public safety;

(b) In case of urgent work to be performed on the machinery, equipment or installation to avoid serious loss
which the employer would otherwise suffer;

(c) In the event of abnormal pressure of work due to special circumstances, where the employer cannot
ordinarily be expected to resort to other measures;

(d) To prevent loss or damage to perishable goods;

(e) Where the nature of the work requires continuous operations and the stoppage of work may result in
irreparable injury or loss to the employer; and

(f) Under other circumstances analogous or similar to the foregoing as determined by the Secretary of
Labor and Employment.

Article 93. Compensation for rest day, Sunday or holiday work. (a) Where an employee is made or permitted to
work on his scheduled rest day, he shall be paid an additional compensation of at least 30 percent of his regular
wage. An employee shall be entitled to such additional compensation for work performed on Sunday only when it
is his established rest day.

(b) When the nature of the work of the employee is such that he has no regular workdays and no regular
rest days can be scheduled, he shall be paid an additional compensation of at least 30 percent of his
regular wage for work performed on Sundays and holidays.

(c) Work performed on any special holiday shall be paid an additional compensation of at least 30 percent
of the regular wage of the employee. Where such holiday work falls on the employee's scheduled rest day,
he shall be entitled to an additional compensation of at least 50 percent of his regular wage.

(d) Where the collective bargaining agreement or other applicable employment contract stipulates the
payment of a higher premium pay than that prescribed under this Article, the employer shall pay such
higher rate.

Chapter 3
HOLIDAYS, SERVICE INCENTIVE LEAVES AND SERVICE CHARGES

Article 94. Right to holiday pay. (a) Every worker shall be paid his regular daily wage during regular holidays,
except in retail and service establishment regularly employing less than ten workers;

(b) The employer may require an employee to work on any holiday but such employee shall be paid a
compensation equivalent to twice his regular rate; and

(c) As used in this Article, "holiday" includes: New Year's Day, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, the ninth of
April, the first of May, the twelfth of June, last Sunday of August, first of November, the thirtieth of
November, the twenty-fifth and the thirtieth of December, thirty-first of December, and the day designated
by law for holding a general election.

Article 95. Right to service incentive leave. (a) Every employee who has rendered at least one year of service
shall be entitled to a yearly service incentive leave of five days with pay.
 (b) This provision shall not apply to those who are already enjoying the benefit herein provided, those
enjoying vacation leave with pay at least five days and those employed in establishments regularly
employing less than ten employees or in establishments exempted from granting this benefit by the
Secretary of Labor after considering the viability or financial condition of such establishment.

(c) The grant of benefit in excess of that provided herein shall not be made a subject of arbitration or any
court or administrative action.

Article 96. Service charges. All service charges collected by hotels, restaurants and similar establishments shall
be distributed at the rate of 85 percent for all covered employees and 15 percent for management. The share of
the employees shall be equally distributed among them. In case the service charge is abolished, the share of the
covered employees shall be integrated into their wages.

Title II
Wages

Chapter 1
PRELIMINARY MATTERS/P>

Article 97. Definitions. As used in this Title: (a) "Person" means an individual, partnership, association,
corporation, business trust, legal representative or any organized group of person.

(b) "Employer" includes any person acting directly or indirectly in the interest of an employer in relation to
an employee and shall include the Government and all its branches, subdivisions and instrumentalities, all
government-owned or controlled corporations and institutions, as well as non-profit private institutions or
organizations.

(c) "Employee" includes any individual employed by an employer.

(d) "Agriculture" includes farming in all its branches and among other things includes the cultivation and
tillage of soil, dairying, the production, cultivation, growing and harvesting of any agricultural and
horticultural commodities, the raising of livestock or poultry, and any practices performed by a farmer or on
a farm as an incident to or in conjunction with such farming operations, but does not include the
manufacturing or processing of sugar, coconuts, abaca, tobacco, pineapples or other farm products.
(e) "Employ" means to suffer or permit to work.

(f) "Wage" paid to any employee shall mean the remuneration or earnings, however designated, capable of
being expressed in terms of money, whether fixed or ascertained on a time, task, piece, or commission
basis, or other method of calculating the same, which is payable by an employer to an employee under a
written or unwritten contract of employment for work done or to be done or for services rendered or to be
rendered and includes the fair and reasonable value, as determined by the Secretary of Labor and
Employment, of board, lodging or other facilities customarily furnished by the employer to the employee.
"Fair and reasonable value" shall not include any profit to the employer or to any person affiliated with the
employer.

Article 98. Application of Title. This Title shall not apply to farm tenancy or leasehold, domestic service and
persons working in their respective homes in needlework or in any cottage industry duly registered in accordance
with law.

Chapter 2
MINIMUM WAGE RATES

Article 99. Regional Minimum Wages. The minimum wage rates for agricultural and non-agricultural employees
and workers in each and every region of the country shall be determined by the Commission, which shall be
attached to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) for policy and program coordination.

Article 100. Prohibition against elimination or diminution of benefits. Nothing in this Book shall be construed to
eliminate or in any way diminish supplements or other employee benefits being enjoyed at the time of the
promulgation of this Code.

Article 101. Payment by results. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall regulate the payment of wages by
results, including pakyao, piecework and other non-time work, in order to ensure the payment of fair and
reasonable wage rates, preferably through time and motion studies or in consultation with representatives of
workers' and employers' organizations.

Chapter 3
PAYMENT OF WAGES

Article 102. Forms of payment. No employer shall pay the wages of an employee by means of promisorry notes,
vouchers, coupons, tokens, tickets, chits or any object other than legal tender, even when expressly requested by
the employee.

Payment of wages by check or money order shall be allowed when such manner of payment is customary on the
date of effectivity of this Code or is necessary because of special circumstances as specified in appropriate
regulations to be issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or is stipulated in a collective bargaining
regulations to be issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or is stipulated in a collective bargaining
agreement.

Article 103. Time of payment. Wages shall be paid at least once every two weeks or twice a month at intervals
not exceeding sixteen days. If on account of force majeure or circumstances beyond the employer's control,
payment of wages on or within the time herein provided cannot be made, the employer shall pay the wages
immediately after such force majeure or circumstances have ceased.

The payment of wages of employees engaged to perform a task which cannot be completed in two weeks shall
be subject to the following conditions in the absence of a collective bargaining agreement or arbitration award:

(1) That payments are made at intervals not exceeding sixteen days, in proportion to the amount of work
completed; and

(2) That final settlement is made upon completion of the work.

No employer shall make payment with less frequency than once a month.

Article 104. Place of payment. Payment of wages shall be made at or near the place of undertaking, except as
otherwise provided by such regulations as the Secretary of Labor and Employment may prescribe under
conditions to ensure greater protection of wages.

Article 105. Direct payment of wages. Wages shall be paid directly to the workers to whom they are due, except:
(a) In cases of force majeure rendering such payments impossible or under other special circumstances to
be determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment in appropriate regulations, in which cases the
worker may be paid through another person under written authority given by the worker for the purpose; or

(b) Where the worker has died, in which case the employer may pay the wages of the deceased worker to
the heirs of the latter without the necessity of intestate proceedings. The claimant, if they are all of age,
shall execute an affidavit attesting to their relationship to the deceased and the fact that they are his heirs,
to the exclusion of all other persons. If any of the heirs is a minor, the affidavit shall be executed on his
behalf by his natural guardian or next of kin. The affidavit shall be presented to the employer who shall
make payment through the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his representative. The representative
of the Secretary of Labor and Employment shall act as referee in dividing the amount paid among the heirs.
The payment of wages under this Article shall absolve the employer of any further liability with respect to
the amount paid.

Article 106. Contractor or sub-contractor. Whenever an employer enters into a contract with another person for
the performance of the former's work, the employees of the contractor and of the latter's sub-contractor, if any,
shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of this Code.

In the event that the contractor or sub-contractor fails to pay the wages of his employees in accordance with this
Code, the employer shall be jointly and severally liable with his contractor or sub-contractor to such employees to
the extent of the work performed under the contract, in the same manner and extent that he is liable to
employees directly employed by him.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment may, by appropriate regulations, restrict or prohibit the contracting out of
labor to protect the rights of workers established under this Code. In so prohibiting or restricting, he may make
appropriate distinctions between labor-only contracting as well as differentiations within these types of contracting,
and determine who among the parties involved shall be considered the employer for purposes of this Code, to
prevent any violation or circumvention of any provision of this Code.

There is "labor-only" contracting where the person supplying workers to an employer does not have substantial
capital or investment in the form of tools, equipment, machineries, work premises, among others, and the workers
recruited and placed by such person are performing activities which are directly related to the principal business
of such employer. In such cases, the person or intermediary shall be considered merely as an agent of the
employer who shall be responsible to the workers in the same manner and extent as if the latter were directly
employed by him.

Article 107. Indirect employer. The provisions of the immediately preceding Article shall likewise apply to any
person, partnership, association or corporation which, not being an employer, contracts with an independent
contractor for the performance of any work, task, job or project.

Article 108. Posting of bond. An employer or indirect employer may require the contractor or sub-contractor to
furnish a bond equal to the cost of labor under contract, on condition that the bond will answer for the wages due
the employees should the contractor or sub-contractor, as the case may be, fail to pay the same.

Article 109. Solidary liability. The provisions of existing laws to the contrary notwithstanding, every employer or
indirect employer shall be held responsible with his contractor or subcontractor for any violation of any provision
of this Code. For purposes of determining the extent of their civil liability under this Chapter, they shall be
considered as direct employers.

Article 110. Worker preference in case of bankruptcy. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of an employer's
business, his workers shall enjoy first preference as regards their unpaid wages and other monetary claims, any
provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding. Such unpaid wages and monetary claims shall be paid in full
provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding. Such unpaid wages and monetary claims shall be paid in full
before the claims of the Government and other creditors may be paid. (As amended by R. A. 6715)

Article 111. Attorney's fees. (a) In cases of unlawful withholding of wages the culpable party may be assessed
attorney's fees equivalent to ten percent of the amount of wages recovered.

(b) It shall be unlawful for any person to demand or accept, in judicial or administrative proceedings for the
recovery of the wages, attorney's fees which exceed ten percent of the amount of wages recovered.

Chapter 4
PROHIBITIONS REGARDING WAGES

Article 112. Non-interference in disposal of wages. No employer shall limit or otherwise interfere with the freedom
of any employee to dispose of his wages. He shall not in any manner force, compel or oblige his employees to
purchase merchandise, commodities or other property from the employer or from any other person or otherwise
make use of any store or services of such employer or any other person.

Article 113. Wage deduction. No employer, in his own behalf or in behalf of any person, shall make any
deduction from the wages of his employees except:

(a) In cases where the worker is insured with his consent by the employer, and the deduction is to
recompense the employer for the amount paid by him as premium on the insurance;

(b) For union dues, in cases where the right of the worker or his union to check off has been recognized by
the employer or authorized in writing by the individual worker concerned; and

(c) In cases where the employer is authorized by law or regulations issued by the Secretary of Labor and
Employment.

Article 114. Deposits for loss or damage. No employer shall require his worker to make deposits from which
deduction shall be made, for the reimbursement of loss of or damage to tools, materials or equipment supplied by
the employer, except when the employer is engaged in such trades, occupations or businesses where the
practice of making deductions or requiring deposits is a recognized one, or is necessary or desirable as
determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment in appropriate rules and regulations.

Article 115. Limitations. No deduction from the deposits of an employee for the actual amount of the loss or
damage shall be made unless the employee has been heard thereon, and his responsibility has been clearly
shown.

Article 116. Withholding of wages and kickbacks prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any person, directly or
indirectly, to withhold any amount from the wages of a worker or induce him to give up any part of his wages by
force, stealth, intimidation, threat or dismissal or by any other means whatsoever without the worker's consent.

Article 117. Deduction to ensure employment. It shall be unlawful to make any deduction from the wages of any
employee for the benefit of the employer or his representative or intermediary as consideration of a promise of
employment or retention in employment.

Article 118. Retaliatory measures. It shall be unlawful for an employer to refuse to pay or reduce the wages and
benefits, discharge or in any manner discriminate against any employee who has filed any complaint or instituted
any proceeding under this Title or has testified or is about to testify in such proceedings.

Article 119. False reporting. It shall be unlawful for any person to make any statement, report or record filed or
kept pursuant to the provisions of this Code knowing such statement, report or record to be false in any material
respect.

Chapter 5
WAGE STUDIES, WAGE AGREEMENTS AND WAGE DETERMINATION

Article 120. Creation of the National Wages and Productivity Commission. There is hereby created a National
Wages and Productivity Commission, hereinafter referred to as the Commission, which shall be attached to the
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) for policy and program coordination. (As amended by RA 6727)

Article 121. Powers and Functions of the Commission. The Commission shall have the following powers and
functions:

(a) To act as the national consultative and advisory body to the President of the Philippines and Congress
on matters relating to wages, incomes and productivity;

(b) To formulate policies and guidelines on wages, incomes and productivity improvement at the enterprise,
industry and national levels;

(c) To prescribe rules and guidelines for the determination of appropriate minimum wage and productivity
measures at the regional, provincial or industry levels;

(d) To review regional wage levels set by the Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards to
determine if these are in accordance with prescribed guidelines and national development plans;
 determine if these are in accordance with prescribed guidelines and national development plans;

(e) To undertake studies, researches and surveys necessary for the attainment of its functions and
objectives, and to collect and compile data and periodically disseminate information on wages and
productivity and other related information, including, but not limited to, employment, cost-of-living, labor
costs, investments and returns;

(f) To review plans and programs of the regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards to determine
whether these are consistent with national development plans;

(g) To exercise technical and administrative supervision over the Regional Tripartite Wages and
Productivity Boards;

(h) To call, from time to time, a national tripartite conference of representatives of government, workers,
and employers for the consideration of measures to promote wage rationalization and productivity; and

(i) To exercise such powers and functions as may be necessary to implement this Act.

The Commission shall be composed of the Secretary of Labor and Employment as ex-officio chairman, the
Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) as ex-officio vice-chairman, and
two (2) members each from workers and employers sectors who shall be appointed by the President of the
Philippines upon recommendation of the Secretary of Labor and Employment to be made on the basis of the list
of nominees submitted by the workers and employers sectors, respectively, and who shall serve for a term of five
(5) years. The Executive Director of the Commission Secretariat shall also be a member of the Commission.

The Commission shall be assisted by a Secretariat to be headed by an Executive Director and two (2) Deputy
Directors, who shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines, upon recommendation of the Secretary of
Labor and Employment.

The Executive Director shall have the same rank, salary, benefits and other emoluments as that of a Department
Assistant Secretary, while the Deputy Directors shall have the same rank, salary, benefits and other emoluments
as that of a Bureau Director. The members of the Commission representing labor and management shall have
the same rank, emoluments, allowances and other benefits as those prescribed by law for labor and management
representatives in the Employees Compensation Commission. (As amended by RA 6727)

Article 122. Creation of Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards. There is hereby created Regional
Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards, hereinafter referred to as Regional Boards in all regions, including
autonomous regions as may be established by law. The Commission shall determine the offices/headquarters of
the respective Regional Boards.

The Regional Boards shall have the following powers and functions in their respective territorial jurisdiction:

(a) To develop plans, programs and projects relative to wages, incomes and productivity improvement for
their respective regions;

(b) To determine and fix minimum wage rates applicable in their respective regions, provinces or industries
therein and to issue the corresponding wage orders, subject to guidelines issued by the Commission;

(c) To undertake studies, researches, and surveys necessary for the attainment of their functions,
objectives and programs and to collect and compile data on wages, incomes, productivity and other related
information and periodically disseminate the same;

(d) To coordinate with the other Regional Boards as may be necessary to attain the policy and intention of
this Code;

(e) To receive, process and act on applications for exemption from prescribed wage rates as may be
provided by law or any Wage Order; and

(f) To exercise such other powers and functions as may be necessary to carry out their mandate under this
Code.

Implementation of the plans, programs and projects of the Regional Boards referred to in the second paragraph,
letter (a) of this Article, shall be through the respective regional offices of the Department of Labor and
Employment within their territorial jurisdiction; Provided, however, That the Regional Boards shall have technical
supervision over the regional office of the Department of Labor and Employment with respect to the
implementation of said plans, programs and projects.

Each Regional Board shall be composed of the Regional Director of the Department of Labor and Employment as
chairman, the Regional Directors of the National Economic and Development Authority and Department of Trade
and Industry as vice-chairman and two (2) members each from workers and employers sectors who shall be
appointed by the President of the Philippines, upon recommendation of the Secretary of Labor and Employment,
to be made on the basis of the list of nominees submitted by the workers and employers sectors, respectively,
and who shall serve for a term of five (5) years.

Each Regional Board to be headed by its chairman shall be assisted by a Secretariat. (As amended by RA 6727)
Article 123. Wage Order. Whenever conditions in the region so warrant, the Regional Board shall investigate and
study all pertinent facts; and based on the standards and criteria herein prescribed, shall proceed to determine
whether a Wage Order should be issued. Any such Wage Order shall take effect after fifteen (15) days from its
complete publication in at least one (1) newspaper of general circulation in the region.

In the performance of its wage-determining functions, the Regional Board shall conduct public
hearings/consultations, giving notices to employees' and employers' groups, provincial, city and municipal officials
and other interested parties.

Any party aggrieved by the Wage Order issued by the Regional Board may appeal such order to the Commission
within ten (10) calendar days from the publication of such order. It shall be mandatory for the Commission to
decide such appeal within sixty (60) calendar days from the filing thereof.

The filing of the appeal does not operate to stay the order unless the person appealing such order shall file with
the Commission, an undertaking with a surety or sureties satisfactory to the Commission for the payment to the
employees affected by the order of the corresponding increase, in the event such order is affirmed. (As amended
by RA 6727)

Article 124. Standards/Criteria for Minimum Wage Fixing. The regional minimum wages to be established by the
Regional Board shall be as nearly adequate as is economically feasible to maintain the minimum standards of
living necessary for the health, efficiency and general well-being of the employees within the framework of the
national economic and social development program. In the determination of such regional minimum wages, the
Regional Board shall, among other relevant factors, consider the following:

(a) The demand for living wages;

(b) Wage adjustment vis-a-vis the consumer price index;

(c) The cost of living and changes or increases therein;

(d) The needs of workers and their families;

(e) The need to induce industries to invest in the countryside;

(f) Improvements in standards of living;

(g) The prevailing wage levels;

(h) Fair return of the capital invested and capacity to pay of employers;

(i) Effects in employment generation and family income; and

(j) The equitable distribution of income and wealth along the imperatives of economic and social
development.

The wages prescribed in accordance with the provisions of this Title shall be the standard prevailing minimum
wages in every region. These wages shall include wages varying with industries, provinces or localities if in the
judgment of the Regional Board conditions make such local differentiation proper and necessary to effectuate the
purpose of this Title.

Any person, company, corporation, partnership or any other entity engaged in business shall file and register
annually with the appropriate Regional Board, Commission and the National Statistics Office an itemized listing of
their labor component, specifying the names of their workers and employees below the managerial level,
including learners, apprentices and disabled/handicapped workers who were hired under the terms prescribed in
the employment contracts, and their corresponding salaries and wages.

Where the application of any prescribed wage increase by virtue of a law or Wage Order issued by any Regional
Board results in distortions of the wage structure within an establishment, the employer and the union shall
negotiate to correct the distortions. Any dispute arising from wage distortions shall be resolved through the
grievance procedure under their collective bargaining agreement and, if it remains unresolved, through voluntary
arbitration. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties in writing, such dispute shall be decided by the voluntary
arbitrator or panel from the time said dispute was referred to voluntary arbitration.

In cases where there are no collective agreements or recognized labor unions, the employers and workers shall
endeavor to correct such distortions. Any dispute arising therefrom shall be settled through the National
Conciliation and Mediation Board and, if it remains unresolved after ten (10) calendar days of conciliation, shall be
referred to the appropriate branch of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC). It shall be mandatory for
the NLRC to conduct continuous hearings and decide the dispute within twenty (20) calendar days from the time
said dispute is submitted for compulsory arbitration.

As used herein, a wage distortion shall mean a situation where an increase in prescribed wage rates results in the
elimination or severe contraction of intentional quantitative differences in wage or salary rates between and
among employee groups in an establishment as to effectively obliterate the distinctions embodied in such wage
structure based on skills, length of service, or other logical bases of differentiation.
The pendency of a dispute arising from a wage distortion shall not in any way delay the applicability of any
increase in prescribed wage rates pursuant to the provisions of law or wage order.

All workers paid by result, including those who are paid on piecework, takay, pakyaw, or task basis, shall receive
not less than the prescribed wage rates per eight (8) hours of work a day, or a proportion thereof for working less
than eight (8) hours.

All recognized learnership and apprenticeship agreements shall be considered automatically modified insofar as
their wage clauses are concerned to reflect the prescribed wage rates. (As amended by RA 6727)

Article 125. Freedom to bargain. No wage order shall be construed to prevent workers in particular firms or
enterprises of industries from bargaining for higher wages with their respective employers.

Article 126. Prohibition Against Injunction. No preliminary or permanent injunction or temporary restraining order
may be issued by any court, tribunal or other entity against any proceedings before the Commission or the
Regional Boards. (As amended by RA 6727)

Article 127. Non-Diminution of Benefits. No Wage Order issued by any Regional Board shall provide for wage
rates lower than the statutory minimum wage rates prescribed by Congress. (As amended by RA 6727)

Chapter 6
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

Article 128. Visitorial and enforcement powers. (a) The Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly
authorized representatives, including labor regulations officers, shall have access to employer's records and
premises at any time of the day or night whenever work is being undertaken therein, and the right to copy
therefrom, to question any employee and to investigate any fact, condition or matter which may be necessary to
determine violations or which may aid in the enforcement of this Code and of any labor law, wage order or rules
and regulations issued pursuant thereto.

(b) The provisions of Article 217 of this Code to the contrary notwithstanding and in cases where the
relationship of employer-employee still exists, the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly
authorized representatives shall have the power to order and administer, after due notice and hearing,
compliance with the labor standards provisions of this Code and other labor legislation based on the
findings of labor regulation officers or industrial safety engineers made in the course of inspection, and to
issue writs of execution to the appropriate authority for the enforcement of their order, except in cases
where the employer contests the findings of the labor regulation officer and raises issues which cannot be

resolved without considering evidentiary matters that are not verifiable in the normal course of inspection.

(c) The Secretary of Labor and Employment may likewise order stoppage of work or suspension of
operations of any unit or department of an establishment when non-compliance with the law or
implementing rules and regulations poses grave and imminent danger to the health and safety of workers
in the workplace. Within twenty-four hours, a hearing shall be conducted to determine whether an order for
the stoppage of work or suspension of operations shall be lifted or not. In case the violation is attributable to
the fault of the employer, he shall pay the employees concerned their salaries or wages during the period
of such stoppage of work or suspension of operation.

(d) It shall be unlawful for any person or entity to obstruct, impede, delay or otherwise render ineffective the
order of the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized representatives issued pursuant to
the authority granted under this Article, and no inferior court or entity shall issue temporary or permanent
injunction or restraining order or otherwise assume jurisdiction over any case involving the enforcement
orders issued in accordance with this Article.

(e) Any government employee found guilty of violation of, or abuse of authority under this Article shall, after
appropriate administrative investigation, be subject to summary dismissal from the service.

(f) The Secretary of Labor and Employment may by appropriate regulations require employers to keep and
maintain such employment records as may be necessary in aid of his visitorial and enforcement powers
under this Code.

Article 129. Recovery of wages, simple money claims and other benefits. Upon complaint of any interested party,
the Regional Director of the Department of Labor and Employment or any of the duly authorized hearing officers
of the Department is empowered, through summary proceeding and after due notice, to hear and decide any
matter involving the recovery of wages and other monetary claims and benefits, including legal interest, owing to
an employee or person employed in domestic or household service or househelper under this Code, arising from
employer-employee relations: Provided, That such complaint does not include a claim for reinstatement:
Provided, further, That the aggregate money claims of each employee or househelper do not exceed five
thousand pesos (P5,000). The Regional Director or hearing officer shall decide or resolve the complaint within
thirty (30) calendar days from the date of the filing of the same. Any sum thus recovered on behalf of any
employee or househelper pursuant to this Article shall be held in a special deposit account, and shall be paid, on
order of the Secretary of Labor and Employment or the Regional Director directly to the employee or househelper
concerned. Any such sum not paid to the employee or househelper, because he cannot be located after diligent
and reasonable effort to locate him within a period of three (3) years, shall be held as a special fund of the
Department of Labor and Employment to be used exclusively for the amelioration and benefit of workers.

Any decision or resolution of the Regional Director or hearing officer pursuant to this provision may be appealed
on the same grounds provided in Article 223 of this Code, within five (5) calendar days from receipt of a copy of
said decision or resolution, to the National Labor Relations Commission which shall resolve the appeal within ten
(10) calendar days from the submission of the last pleading required or allowed under its rules.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized representative may supervise the payment of
unpaid wages and other monetary claims and benefits, including legal interest, found owing to any employee or
househelper under this Code. (As amended by RA 6715)

Title III
Working Conditions for Special Groups of Employees

Chapter 1
EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN

Article 130. Night work prohibition. No woman, regardless of age, shall be employed or permitted or suffered to
work, with or without compensation:

(a) In any industrial undertaking or branch thereof between ten o'clock at night and six o'clock in the
morning of the following day;

(b) In any commercial or non-industrial undertaking or branch thereof, other than agricultural, between
midnight and six o'clock in the morning of the following day; or

(c) In any agricultural undertaking at night time unless she is given a period of rest of not less than nine
consecutive hours.

Article 131. Exceptions. The prohibition prescribed by the preceding Article shall not apply in any of the following
cases:

(a) In cases of actual or impending emergencies caused by serious accident, fire, flood, typhoon,
earthquake, epidemic or other disasters or calamity, to prevent loss of life or property or in cases of force
majeure or imminent danger to public safety;

(b) In case of urgent work to be performed on machineries, equipment or installation, to avoid serious loss
which the employer would otherwise suffer;

(c) Where the work is necessary to prevent serious loss of perishable goods;

(d) Where the woman employee holds a responsible position of managerial or technical nature, or where
the woman employee has been engaged to provide health and welfare services;

(e) Where the nature of the work requires the manual skill and dexterity of woman worker and the same
cannot be performed with equal efficiency by male worker;

(f) Where the women employees are immediate members of the family operating the establishment or
undertaking; and

(g) Under other analogous cases exempted by the Secretary of Labor and Employment in appropriate
regulations.

Article 132. Facilities for women. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall establish standards that will
ensure the safety and health of women employees. In appropriate cases, he shall by regulations require any
employer to:

(a) Provide seats proper for women and permit them to use such seats when they are free from work and
during working hours, provided they can perform their duties in this position without detriment to efficiency;

(b) Establish separate toilet rooms and lavatories for men and women and provide at least a dressing room
for women;

(c) Establish a nursery in a workplace for the benefit of the woman employees therein; and

(d) Determine appropriate minimum age and other standards for retirement or termination in special
occupations such as those of flight attendants and the like.

Article 133. Maternity leave benefits. (a) Every employer shall grant to any pregnant woman employees who has
rendered an aggregate service of at least six months for the last twelve months, maternity leave of at least two
weeks prior to the expected date of delivery and another four weeks after normal delivery or abortion, with full pay
based on her regular or average weekly wages. The employer may require from any woman employee applying
for maternity leave the presentation of a medical certificate stating that delivery will probably take place within two
weeks.

(b) The maternity leave shall be extended without pay on account of illness medically certified to arise out
 (b) The maternity leave shall be extended without pay on account of illness medically certified to arise out
of the pregnancy, delivery, abortion or miscarriage, which renders the woman unfit for work, unless she has
earned unused leave credits from which such extended leave may be charged.

(c) The maternity leave provided in this Article shall be paid by the employer only for the first four deliveries
by a woman employee after the effectivity of this Code.

Article 134. Family planning services; incentives for family planning. (a) Establishments which are required by law
to maintain a clinic or infirmary shall provide free family planning services to their employees which shall include,
but not limited to, the application or use of contraceptive pills and intra-uterine devices.

(b) In coordination with other agencies of the government engaged in the promotion of family planning, the
Department of Labor and Employment shall develop and prescribe incentive bonus schemes to encourage
family planning among female workers in any establishment or enterprise.

Article 135. Discrimination prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any employer to discriminate against any woman
employee with respect to terms and conditions of employment solely on account of her sex.

The following are acts of discrimination:

(a) Payment of a lesser compensation, including wage, salary or other form of remuneration and fringe
benefits, to a female employee as against a male employee, for work of equal value; and

(b) Favoring a male employee over a female employee with respect to promotion, training opportunities,
study and scholarship grant solely on account of their sexes.

Criminal liability for the willful commission of any unlawful act as provided in this article or any violation of the rules
and regulations issued pursuant to Section 2 hereof shall be penalized as provided in Articles 288 and 289 of this
Code: Provided, That the institution of any criminal action under this provision shall not bar the aggrieved
employee from filing an entirely separate and distinct action for money claims, which may include claims for
damages and other affirmative reliefs. The actions hereby authorized shall proceed independently of each other.

Article 136. Stipulation against marriage. It shall be unlawful for an employer to require as a condition of
employment or continuation of employment that a woman employee shall not get married, or to stipulate
expressly or tacitly that upon getting married a woman employee shall be deemed resigned or separated or to
actually dismiss, discharge, discriminate or otherwise prejudice a woman employee merely by reason of her
marriage.

Article 137. Prohibited acts. (a) It shall be unlawful for any employer:

(1) To deny any woman employee the benefits provided for in this Chapter or to discharge any woman
employed by him for the purpose of preventing her from enjoying any of the benefits provided under this
Code;

(2) To discharge such woman on account of her pregnancy, while on leave or in confinement due to her
pregnancy; or

(3) To discharge or refuse the admission of such woman upon returning to her work for fear that she may
again be pregnant.

Article 138. Classification of certain women workers. Any woman who is permitted or suffered to work with or
without compensation in any night club, cocktail lounge, massage clinic, bar or similar establishment, under the
effective control or supervision of the employer for a substantial period of time as determined by the Secretary of
Labor and Employment, shall be considered as an employee of such establishments for purposes of labor and
social legislation.

Chapter 2
EMPLOYMENT OF MINORS

Article 139. Minimum employable age. (a) No child below 15 years of age shall be employed, except when he
works directly under the sole responsibility of his parents or guardian and his employment does not in any way
interfere with his schooling.

(b) A person between 15 and 18 years of age may be employed for such number of hours and such
periods of the day as determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment in appropriate regulations.

(c) The foregoing provisions shall in no case allow the employment of a person below 18 years of age in an
undertaking which is hazardous or deleterious in nature as determined by the Secretary of Labor and
Employment.

Article 140. Prohibition against child discrimination. No employer shall discriminate against any person in respect
to terms and conditions of employment on account of his age.

Chapter 3
EMPLOYMENT OF HOUSEHELPERS
Article 141. Coverage. The Chapter shall apply to all persons rendering services in households for
compensation.
"Domestic or household services" shall mean service in the employer's home which is usually necessary or
desirable for the maintenance and enjoyment thereof and includes ministering to the personal comfort and
convenience of the members of the employer's household, including services of family drivers.

Article 142. Contract of domestic service. The original contract of domestic service shall not last for more than
two years but it may be renewed for such periods as may be agreed upon by the parties.

Article 143. Minimum wage. (a) Househelpers shall be paid the following minimum wage rates:

(1) Sixty pesos (P60.00) a month for housekeepers in Manila, Quezon, Pasay and Caloocan cities and the
municipalities of Makati, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Malabon, Paraaque, Las Pias,
Pasig and Marikina in Rizal province.

(2) Forty-five pesos (P45.00) a month for those in other chartered cities and first class municipalities.

(3) Thirty pesos (P30.00) a month for those in other municipalities.

Article 144. Minimum cash wage. The minimum wage rates prescribed under this Chapter shall be the basic cash
wages which shall be paid to the househelper in addition to lodging, food and medical attendance.

Article 145. Assignment to non-household work. No househelper shall be assigned to work in a commercial,
industrial or agricultural enterprise at a wage or salary rate lower than that provided for agricultural or non-
agricultural worker as prescribed herein.

Article 146. Opportunity for education. If the househelper is under the age of eighteen years, the employer shall
give him or her an opportunity for at least elementary education. The cost of such education shall be part of the
househelper's compensation, unless there is a stipulation to the contrary.

Article 147. Treatment of househelpers. The employer shall treat the househelper in a just and humane manner.
In no case shall physical violence be used upon the househelper.

Article 148. Board, lodging and medical attendance. The employer shall furnish the househelper free of charge
suitable and sanitary living quarters as well as adequate food and medical attendance.

Article 149. Indemnity for unjust termination of services. If the period of household service is fixed, neither the
employer nor the househelper may terminate the contract before the expiration of the term, except for a just
cause. If the househelper is unjustly dismissed, he or she shall be paid the compensation already earned plus
that of 15 days by way of indemnity.

If the househelper leaves without justifiable reason, he or she shall forfeit any unpaid salary due him or her not
exceeding 15 days.

Article 150. Service of termination notice. If the duration of the household service is not determined either by
stipulation or by the nature of the service, the employer or the househelper may give notice to put an end to the
relationship five days before the intended termination of the service.

Article 151. Employment certification. Upon the severance of the household service relation, the employer shall
give the househelper a written statement of the nature and duration of the service and his or her efficiency and
conduct as househelper.

Article 152. Employment records. The employer may keep such records as he may deem necessary to reflect
the actual terms and conditions of employment of his househelper which the latter shall authenticate by signature
or thumbmark upon request of the employer.

Chapter 4
EMPLOYMENT OF HOMEWORKERS

Article 153. Regulations of industrial homework. The employment of industrial homeworkers and field personnel
shall be regulated by the Government through appropriate regulations issued by the Secretary of Labor and
Employment to ensure the general welfare and protection of homeworkers and field personnel and the industries
employing them.

Article 154. Regulations of Secretary of Labor and Employment. The regulations or orders to be issued pursuant
to this Chapter shall be designed to assure the average employee of an undertaking the minimum terms and
conditions of employment applicable to the industrial homeworkers or field personnel involved.

Article 155. Distribution of homework. For purposes of this Chapter, the "employer" of homeworkers includes any
person, natural or artificial, who for his account or benefit or on behalf of any person residing outside the country,
directly or indirectly, or through any employee, agent, contractor, sub-contractor or any other person:

(1) Delivers, or causes to be delivered, any goods, articles or materials to be processed or fabricated in or
about a home and thereafter to be returned or to be disposed of or distributed in accordance with his
 about a home and thereafter to be returned or to be disposed of or distributed in accordance with his
directions; or

(2) Sells any goods, articles or materials for the purpose of having the same processed or fabricated in or
about a home and then rebuys them after such processing or fabrication, either himself or through some
other person.

Book Four
HEALTH, SAFETY AND SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS

Title I
Medical, Dental and Occupational Safety

Chapter 1
MEDICAL AND DENTAL SERVICES

Article 156. First-aid treatment. Every employer shall keep in his establishment such first-aid medicines and
equipment as the nature and conditions of work may require, in accordance with such regulations as the
Department of Labor and Employment shall prescribe.

The employer shall take steps for the training of a sufficient number of employees in first-aid treatment.

Article 157. Emergency medical and dental services. It shall be the duty of every employer to furnish his
employees in any locality with free medical and dental attendance and facilities consisting of:

(a) The services of a full-time registered nurse when the number of employees exceeds 50 but not more
than 200 except when the employer does not maintain hazardous work places, in which case the services
of a graduate first-aider shall be provided for the protection of the workers, where no registered nurse is
available. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall provide by appropriate regulations the services
that shall be required where the number of employees does not exceed 50 and shall determine by
appropriate order hazardous work places for purposes of this Article;

(b) The services of a full-time registered nurse, a part-time physician and dentist, and an emergency clinic,
when the number of employees exceeds 200 but not more than 300 and;

(c) The services of a full-time physician, dentist and a full-time registered nurse as well as a dental clinic,
and an infirmary or emergency hospital with one bed capacity for every 100 employees, when the number
of employees exceeds 300.

In cases of hazardous work places, no employer shall engage the services of a physician or dentist who cannot
stay in the premises of the establishment for at least two hours, in the case of those engaged on part-time basis,
and not less than eight hours in the case of those employed on full-time basis. Where the undertaking is non-
hazardous in nature, the physician and dentist may be engaged on retained basis, subject to such regulations as
the Secretary of Labor and Employment may prescribe to ensure immediate availability of medical and dental
treatment and attendance in case of emergency.

Article 158. When emergency hospital not required. The requirement for an emergency hospital or dental clinic
shall not be applicable in case there is a hospital or dental clinic which is accessible from the employer's
establishment and he makes arrangements for the reservation therein of the necessary beds and dental facilities
for the use of his employees.

Article 159. Health program. The physician engaged by an employer shall, in addition to his duties under this
Chapter, develop and implement a comprehensive occupational health program for the benefit of the employees
of his employer.

Article 160. Qualifications of health personnel. The physicians, dentists and nurses employed by employers
pursuant to this Chapter shall have the necessary training in industrial medicine and occupational safety and
health. The Secretary of Labor and Employment, in consultation with industrial medical and occupational safety
and health associations, shall establish the qualifications, criteria and conditions of employment of such health
personnel.

Article 161. Assistance of employer. It shall be the duty of any employer to provide all the necessary assistance
to ensure the adequate and immediate medical and dental attendance and treatment to an injured or sick
employee in case of emergency.

Chapter 2
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Article 162. Safety and health standards. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall by appropriate orders
set and enforce mandatory occupational safety and health standards to eliminate or reduce occupational safety
and health hazards in all work places and institute new and update existing programs to ensure safe and healthful
working conditions in all places of employment.

Article 163. Research. It shall be the responsibility of the Department of Labor and Employment to conduct
continuing studies and researches to develop innovative methods, techniques and approaches for dealing with
occupational safety and health problems; to discover latent diseases by establishing causal connections between
occupational safety and health problems; to discover latent diseases by establishing causal connections between
diseases and work in environmental conditions; and to develop medical criteria which will assure insofar as
practicable that no employee will suffer impairment or diminution in health, functional capacity or life expectancy
as a result of his work and working conditions.

Article 164. Training programs. The Department of Labor and Employment shall develop and implement training
programs to increase the number and competence of personnel in the field of occupational safety and industrial
health.

Article 165. Administration of safety and health laws. (a) The Department of Labor and Employment shall be
solely responsible for the administration and enforcement of occupational safety and health laws, regulations and
standards in all establishments and workplaces wherever they may be located; however, chartered cities may be
allowed to conduct industrial safety inspections of establishments within their respective jurisdiction where they
have adequate facilities and competent personnel for the purpose as determined by the Department of Labor and
Employment and subject to national standards established by the latter.

(b) The Secretary of Labor and Employment may, through appropriate regulations, collect reasonable fees
for the inspection of steam boilers, pressure vessels and piping and electrical installations, the test and
approval for safe use of materials, equipment and other safety devices, and the approval of plans for such
materials, equipment and devices. The fees so collected shall be deposited in the national treasury to the
credit of the occupational safety and health fund and shall be expended exclusively for the administration
and enforcement of safety and other labor laws administered by the Department of Labor and Employment.

Title II
Employees' Compensation and State Insurance Fund

Chapter 1
POLICY AND DEFINITIONS

Article 166. Policy. The State shall promote and develop a tax-exempt employees' compensation program
whereby employees and their dependents, in the event of work-connected disability or death, may promptly
secure adequate income benefit, and medical or related benefits.

Article 167. Definition of terms. As used in this Title, unless the context indicates otherwise:

(a) "Code" means the Labor Code of the Philippines instituted under Presidential Decree numbered four
hundred forty-two, as amended.

(b) "Commission" means the Employees' Compensation Commission created under this Title.

(c) "SSS" means the Social Security System created under Republic Act numbered eleven hundred sixty-
one, as amended.

(d) "GSIS" means the Government Service Insurance System created under Commonwealth Act Numbered
one hundred eighty-six, as amended.

(e) "System" means the SSS or GSIS, as the case may be.

(f) "Employer" means any person, natural or juridical, employing the services of the employee.

(g) "Employee" means any person compulsorily covered by the GSIS under Commonwealth Act numbered
one hundred eighty-six, as amended, including members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, and any
person employed as casual, emergency, temporary, substitute or contractual; or any person compulsorily
covered by the SSS under Republic Act numbered eleven hundred sixty-one, as amended.

(h) "Person" means any individual, partnership, firm, association, trust, corporation or legal representative
thereof.

(i) "Dependents" means the legitimate, legitimated, legally adopted or acknowledged natural child who is
unmarried, not gainfully employed, and not over 21 years of age or over 21 years of age provided he is
incapable of self-support due to a physical or mental defect which is congenital or acquired during minority;
the legitimate spouse living with the employee; and the parents of said employee wholly dependent upon
him for regular support.

(j) "Beneficiaries" means the dependent spouse until he remarries and dependent children, who are the
primary beneficiaries. In their absence, the dependent parents and, subject to the restrictions imposed on
dependent children, the illegitimate children and legitimate descendants, who are the secondary
beneficiaries: Provided, that the dependent acknowledged natural child shall be considered as a primary
beneficiary when there are no other dependent children who are qualified and eligible for monthly income
benefit.

(k) "Injury" means any harmful change in the human organism from any accident arising out of and in the
course of employment.

(l) "Sickness" means illness definitely accepted as an occupational disease listed by the Commission, or
any illness caused by employment, subject to proof that the risk of contracting the same is increased by
 any illness caused by employment, subject to proof that the risk of contracting the same is increased by
working conditions. For this purpose, the Commission is empowered to determine and approve
occupational diseases and work-related illnesses that may be considered compensable based on peculiar
hazards of employment.

(m) "Death" means loss of life resulting from injury or sickness.

(n) "Disability" means loss or impairment of a physical or mental function resulting from injury or sickness.

(o) "Compensation" means all payments made under this Title for income benefits and medical or related
benefits.

(p) "Income benefit" means all payments made under this Title to the employee or his dependents.

(q) "Medical benefit" means all payments made under this Title to the providers of medical care,
rehabilitation services and hospital care.

(r) "Related benefit" means all payments made under this Title for appliances and supplies.

(s) "Appliances" means crutches, artificial aids and other similar devices.

(t) "Supplies" means medicine and other medical, dental or surgical items.

(u) "Hospital" means any medical facility, government or private, authorized by law, an active member of
good standing of the Philippine Hospital Association and accredited by the Commission.

(v) "Physician" means any doctor of medicine duly licensed to practice in the Philippines, an active member
of good standing of the Philippine Medical Association and accredited by the Commission.

(w) "Wages" or "salary" means all actual remuneration for employment received during the month, except
that part in excess of three thousand pesos.

(x) "Monthly salary credit" means the wage or salary base for contributions as provided in Republic Act
numbered eleven hundred sixty-one, as amended, or the wages or salary.

(y) "Average monthly salary credit" in the case of the SSS means the result obtained by dividing the sum of
the monthly salary credit in the sixty-month period immediately preceding the semester of death or
permanent disability by sixty, except where the month of death or permanent disability fails within eighteen
calendar months from the month of coverage, in which case it is the result obtained by dividing the sum of
all monthly salary credits paid prior to the amount of the contingency by the total number of calendar
months of coverage in the same period.

(z) "Average daily salary credit" in the case of the SSS means the result obtained by dividing the sum of the
six highest monthly salary credits in the twelve-month period immediately preceding the semester of
sickness or injury by one hundred eighty, except where the month of injury falls within twelve calendar
months from the first month of coverage, in which case it is the result obtained by dividing the sum of all
monthly salary credits by thirty times the number of calendar months of coverage in the same period.

In the case of the GSIS, the average daily salary credit shall be the actual daily salary or wage or the
monthly salary or wage divided by the actual number of working days in the month of contingency.

(aa) "Quarter" means a period of three consecutive months ending on the last day of March, June,
September and December.

(bb) "Semester" means a period of two consecutive quarters ending in the quarter of death, permanent
disability, injury or sickness.

(cc) "Replacement ratio." The sum of twenty percent and the quotient obtained by dividing three hundred
by the sum of three hundred forty and the average monthly salary credit.

(dd) "Credited years of service". For a member covered prior to January 1975, nineteen hundred seventy
five minus the calendar year of coverage, plus the number of calendar years in which six or more
contributions have been paid from January 1975 up to the calendar year containing the semester prior to
the contingency. For a member covered in or after January 1975, the number of calendar years in which
six or more contributions have been paid from the year of coverage up to the calendar year containing the
semester prior to the contingency.

(ee) "Monthly income benefit." Means the amount equivalent to one hundred fifteen percent of the sum of:

The average monthly salary credit multiplied by the replacement ratio; and

One and a half percent of the average monthly salary credit for each credited year of service in excess of ten
years: Provided, That the monthly income benefit shall in no case be less than two hundred fifty pesos.

Chapter 2
COVERAGE AND LIABILITY
Article 168. Compulsory coverage. Coverage in the State Insurance Fund shall be compulsory upon all
employers and their employees not over sixty years of age: Provided, That an employee who is over sixty years of
age and paying contributions to qualify for the retirement or life insurance benefit administered by the System
shall be subject to compulsory coverage.

Article 169. Foreign employment. The Commission shall ensure adequate coverage of Filipino employees
employed abroad, subject to regulations as it may prescribe.

Article 170. Effective date of coverage. Compulsory coverage of the employer during the effectivity of this Title
shall take effect on the first day of his operation, and that of the employee on the date of his employment.

Article 171. Registration . Each employer and his employees shall register with the System in accordance with its
regulations.

Article 172. Limitation of liability. The State Insurance Fund shall be liable for compensation to the employee or
his dependents, except when the disability or death was occasioned by the employee's intoxication, willful
intention to injure or kill himself or another, notorious negligence, or otherwise provided under this Title.

Article 173. Extent of liability. Unless otherwise provided, the liability of the State Insurance Fund under this Title
shall be exclusive and in place of all other liabilities of the employer to the employee, his dependents or anyone
otherwise entitled to receive damages on behalf of the employee or his dependents. The payment of
compensation under this Title shall not bar the recovery of benefits as provided for in Section 699 of the Revised
Administrative Code, Republic Act numbered eleven hundred sixty-one, as amended, Commonwealth Act
numbered one hundred eighty-six, as amended, Republic Act numbered sixty-hundred eleven, as amended,
Republic Act numbered six hundred ten, as amended, Republic Act numbered forty-eight hundred sixty-four, as
amended and other laws whose benefits are administered by the System or by other agencies of the government.

Article 174. Liability of third parties. (a) When the disability or death is caused by circumstances creating a legal
liability against a third party, the disabled employee or the dependent in case of his death shall be paid by the
System under this Title. In case benefit is paid under this Title, the System shall be subrogated to the rights of the
disabled employee or the dependents in case of his death, in accordance with the general law.

(b) Where the System recovers from such third party damages in excess of those paid or allowed under
this Title, such excess shall be delivered to the disabled employee or other persons entitled thereto, after
deducting the cost of proceedings and expenses of the System.

Article 175. Deprivation of benefits. Except as otherwise provided under this Title, no contract, regulation or
device whatsoever shall operate to deprive the employee or his dependents of any part of the income benefits
and medical or related services granted under this Title. Existing medical services being provided by the employer
shall be maintained and continued to be enjoyed by their employees.

Chapter 3
ADMINISTRATION

Article 176. Employees Compensation Commission. (a) To initiate, rationalize and coordinate the policies of the
employees' compensation program, the Employees' Compensation Commission is hereby created to be
composed of five (5) ex-officio members: the Secretary of Labor and Employment as Chairman, the Executive
Director of the ECC, the GSIS General Manager, the SSS Administrator, the Chairman of the Philippine Medical
Care Commission and two appointive members, one of whom shall represent the employees and other
employers, to be appointed by the President of the Philippines for a term of six years. The appointive member
shall have at least five years experience in workmen's compensation or social security program. All vacancies
shall be filled for the unexpired term only.

(b) The Vice-Chairman of the Commission shall be alternated each year between the GSIS General
Manager and the SSS administrator. The presence of four members shall constitute a quorum. Each
member shall receive a per diem of two hundred pesos for every meeting that is actually attended by him,
exclusive of actual, ordinary and necessary travel and representation expenses. In his absence, any
member may designate an official of the institution he serves on full-time basis as his representative to act
in his behalf.

(c) The general conduct of the operations and management functions of the GSIS or SSS under this Title
shall be vested in its respective chief executive officer, who shall be immediately responsible for carrying
out the policies of the Commission.

(d) The Commission shall have the status and category of a government corporation, and it is hereby
deemed attached to the Department of Labor and Employment for policy coordination and guidance.

Article 177. Powers and duties. The Commission shall have the following powers and duties:

(a) To assess and fix a rate of contribution from all employers;

(b) To determine the rate of contribution payable by an employer whose records show a high frequency of
work accidents or occupational diseases due to failure by the said employer to observe adequate safety
measures;
 (c) To approve rules and regulations governing the processing of claims and the settlement of disputes
arising therefrom as prescribed by the System;

(d) To initiate policies and programs toward adequate occupational health and safety and accident
prevention in the working environment, rehabilitation other than those provided for under Art. 190 hereof,
and other related programs and activities, and to appropriate funds therefor;
(e) To make the necessary actuarial studies and calculations concerning the grant of constant help and
income benefits for permanent disability or death, and the rationalization of the benefits for permanent
disability and death under the Title with benefits payable by the System for similar contingencies: Provided,
That the Commission may upgrade benefits and add new ones, subject to approval of the President; and
Provided, further, That the actuarial stability of the State Insurance Fund shall be guaranteed: Provided,
finally, that such increases in benefits shall not require any increases in contribution, except as provided for
in paragraph (b) hereof.

(f) To appoint the personnel of its staff, subject to civil service law and rules, but exempt from WAPCO law
and regulations;

(g) To adopt annually a budget of expenditures of the Commission and its staff chargeable against the
State Insurance Funds: Provided, That the SSS and GSIS shall advance on a quarterly basis the
remittances of allotment of the loading fund for this Commissioner's operational expenses based on its
annual budget as duly approved by the Department of the Budget and Management.

(h) To have the power to administer oath and affirmation, and to issue subpoena and subpoena duces
tecum in connection with any question or issue arising from appealed cases under this Title;

(i) To sue and be sued in court;

(j) To acquire property, real or personal, which may be necessary or expedient for the attainment of the
purposes of this Title;

(k) To enter into agreements or contracts for such service and aid as may be needed for the proper,
efficient and stable administration of the program; and

(l) To perform such other acts as it may deem appropriate for the attainment of the purposes of the
Commission and proper enforcement of the provisions of this Title.

Article 178. Management of funds. All revenues collected by the System under this Title shall be deposited,
invested, administered and disbursed in the same manner and under the same conditions, requirements and
safeguards as provided by Republic Act numbered eleven hundred sixty-one, as amended, and Commonwealth
Act numbered one hundred eighty-six, as amended, with regard to such other funds as are thereunder being paid
to or collected by the SSS and GSIS, respectively: Provided, That the Commission, SSS and GSIS may disburse
each year not more than 12 per cent of the contributions and investment earnings collected for operational
expenses, including occupational health and safety programs, incidental to the carrying out of this Title.

Article 179. Investment of funds. Provisions of existing laws to the contrary notwithstanding, all revenues as are
not needed to meet current operational expenses under this Title shall be accumulated in a fund to be known as
the State Insurance Fund, which shall be used exclusively for payment of the benefits under this Title, and no
amount thereof shall be used for any other purpose. All amounts accruing to the State Insurance Fund, which is
hereby established in the SSS and the GSIS, respectively, shall be deposited with any authorized depository bank
approved by the Commission, or invested with due and prudent regard for the liquidity needs of the System.

Article 180. Settlement of claims. The System shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute
arising from this Title with respect to coverage, entitlement to benefits, collection and payment of contributions
and penalties thereon, or any other matter related thereto, subject to appeal to the Commission, which shall
decide appealed cases within 20 working days from the submission of the evidence.

Article 181. Review. Decisions, orders or resolutions of the Commission may be reviewed on certiorari by the
Supreme Court only on questions of law upon petition of an aggrieved party within 10 days from notice thereof.

Article 182. Enforcement of decisions. (a) Any decision, order or resolution of the Commission shall become final
and executory if no appeal is taken therefrom within 10 days from notice thereof. All awards granted by the
Commission in cases appealed from decisions of the System shall be effected within 15 days from receipt of
notice.

(b) In all other cases, decisions, orders and resolutions of the Commission which have become final and
executory shall be enforced and executed in the same manner as decisions of the Regional Trial Court,
and the Commission shall have the power to issue to the city or provincial sheriff or to the sheriff whom it
may appoint such writs of execution as may be necessary for the enforcement of such decisions, orders or
resolutions, and any person who shall fail or refuse to comply therewith shall, upon application by the
Commission, be punished by the proper court for contempt.

Chapter 4
CONTRIBUTIONS

Article 183. Employer's contributions. (a) Under such regulations as the System may prescribe, beginning as of
Article 183. Employer's contributions. (a) Under such regulations as the System may prescribe, beginning as of
the last day of the month when an employee's compulsory coverage takes effect and every month thereafter
during his employment his employer shall prepare to remit to the System a contribution equivalent to one percent
of his monthly salary credit.

(b) The rate of contribution shall be reviewed periodically and, subject to the limitations herein provided,
may be revised as the experience in risk, cost of administration, and actual or anticipated as well as
unexpected losses, may require.

(c) Contributions under this Title shall be paid in their entirety by the employer and any contract or devise
for the deduction of any portion thereof from the wages or salaries of the employees shall be null and void.

(d) When a covered employee dies, becomes disabled or is separated from employment, his obligation to
pay the monthly contribution arising from the employment shall cease at the end of the month of
contingency and during such months that he is not receiving wages or salary.

Article 184. Government guarantee. The Republic of the Philippines guarantees the benefits prescribed under
this Title, and accepts general responsibility for the solvency of the State Insurance Fund. In case of any
deficiency, the same shall be covered by supplemental appropriations from the national government.

Chapter 5
MEDICAL BENEFITS

Article 185. Medical services. Immediately after an employee contracts sickness or sustains an injury, he shall be
provided by the System during the subsequent period of his disability with such medical services and appliances
as the nature of his sickness or injury and progress of his recovery may require, subject to the expense limitation
prescribed by the Commission.

Article 186. Liability. The System shall have the authority to choose or order a change of physician, hospital or
rehabilitation facility for the employee, and shall not be liable for compensation for any aggravation of the
employee's injury or sickness resulting from unauthorized changes by the employee of medical services,
appliances, supplies, hospitals, rehabilitation facilities or physicians.

Article 187. Attending physician. Any physician attending an injured or sick employee shall comply with all the
regulations of the System and submit reports in prescribed forms at such time as may be required concerning his
condition or treatment. All medical information relevant to the particular injury or sickness shall on demand be
made available to the employee or the System. No information developed in connection with treatment or
examination for which compensation sought shall be considered as privileged communication.

Article 188. Refusal of examination or treatment. If the employee unreasonably refuses to submit to medical
examination or treatment the System shall stop the payment of further compensation during such time as such
refusal continues. What constitutes an unreasonable refusal shall be determined by the System which, may on its
own initiative determine the necessity, character, and sufficiency of any medical services furnished or to be
furnished.

Article 189. Fees and other charges. All fees and other charges for hospital services, medical care and
appliances, excluding professional fees, shall not be higher than those prevailing in wards of hospitals for similar
services to injured or sick persons in general, and shall be subject to the regulations of the Commission.
Professional fees shall only be appreciably higher than those prescribed under Republic Act number sixty-one
hundred eleven, as amended, otherwise known as the Philippine Medical Care Act of 1969.

Article 190. Rehabilitation services. (a) The System shall, as soon as practicable, establish a continuing program
for the rehabilitation of injured and handicapped employees, who shall be entitled to rehabilitation services, which
shall consist of medical, surgical or hospital treatment, including appliances if he has been handicapped by the
injury, to help him become physically independent.

(b) As soon as practicable, the System shall establish centers equipped and staffed to provide a balanced
program of remedial treatment, vocational assessment and preparation designed to meet the individual
needs of each handicapped employee to restore him to suitable employment, including assistance as may
be within its resources to help each rehabilitee to develop his mental, vocational or social potential.

Chapter 6
DISABILITY BENEFITS

Article 191. Temporary total disability. (a) Under such regulations as the Commission may approve, any
employee under this Title who sustains an injury or contracts sickness resulting in temporary total disability shall
for each day of such a disability or fraction thereof be paid by the System an income benefit equivalent to 90
percent of his average daily salary credit, subject to the following conditions; the daily income benefit shall not be
less than four pesos, nor more than twenty five pesos, nor paid for a continuous period longer than one hundred
twenty days, and the System shall not be notified of the injury or sickness.

(b) The payment of such income benefit shall be in accordance with the regulations of the Commission.

Article 192. Permanent total disability. (a) Under such regulations as the Commission may approve, any
employee under this Title who contracts sickness or sustains an injury resulting in his permanent total disability
shall, for each month until his death, be paid by the System during such a disability, an amount equivalent to the
shall, for each month until his death, be paid by the System during such a disability, an amount equivalent to the
monthly income benefit, plus ten percent thereof for each dependent child, but not exceeding five, beginning with
the youngest and without substitution: Provided, That the monthly income benefit shall be the new amount of the
monthly benefit for all covered pensioners, effective upon approval of this Decree.

(b) The monthly income benefit shall be guaranteed for five years, and shall be suspended if the employee
is gainfully employed or recovers from his permanent total disability or fails to present himself for
examination at least once a year upon notice by the System, except as otherwise provided for in other laws,
decrees, orders or Letters of Instructions.

(c) The following disabilities shall be deemed total and permanent:

(1) Temporary total disability lasting continuously for more than one hundred twenty days except as
otherwise provided for in the Rules;

(2) Complete loss of sight of both eyes;

(3) Loss of two limbs at or above the ankle or wrist;

(4) Permanent complete paralysis of two limbs;

(5) Brain injury resulting in incurable imbecility or insanity; and

(6) Such cases as determined by the Medical Director of the System and approve by the
Commission.

(d) The number of months of paid coverage shall be defined and approximated by a formula to be
approved by the Commission.

Article 193. Permanent partial disability. (a) Under such regulations as the Commission may approve, any
employee under this Title who contracts sickness or sustains an injury resulting in permanent partial disability
shall for each month not exceeding the period designated herein, be paid by the System during such disability an
income benefit equivalent to the income benefit for permanent total disability.

(b) The benefit shall be paid for not more than the period designated in the following schedule:

One thumb 10
One index finger 8
One middle finger 6
One ring finger 5
One little finger 3
One big toe 6
Any toe 3
One arm 50
One hand 39
One foot 31
One leg 46
One ear 10
Both ears 20
Hearing of one ear 10
Hearing of both ears 50
Sight of one eye 25

(c) A loss of a wrist shall be considered as a loss of the hand, and a loss of an elbow shall be considered as
a loss of the arm. A loss of an ankle shall be considered as a loss of the foot, and a loss of a knee shall be
considered as a loss of the leg. A loss of more than one joint shall be considered as a loss of the whole
finger or toe, and a loss of only the first joint shall be considered as a loss of one-half of the whole finger or
toe: Provided, that such a loss shall be either the functional loss of the use or physical loss of the member.

(d) In cases of permanent partial disability less than the total loss of the member specified in the preceding
paragraph, the same monthly income benefit shall be paid for a portion of the period established for the
total loss of the member in accordance with the proportion that the partial loss bears to the total loss. If the
result is a decimal fraction, the same shall be rounded off to the next higher integer.

(e) In cases of simultaneous loss of more than one member or a part thereof as specified in this Article, the
same monthly income benefit shall be paid for a period equivalent to the sum of the periods established for
the loss of the member or a part thereof. If the result is a decimal fraction, the same shall be rounded off to
the next higher integer.

(f) In cases of injuries or illnesses resulting in a permanent partial disability not listed in the preceding
schedule, the benefit shall be an income benefit equivalent to the percentage of the permanent loss of the
 schedule, the benefit shall be an income benefit equivalent to the percentage of the permanent loss of the
capacity for work.

(g) Under such regulations as the Commission may approve, the income benefit payable in case of
permanent partial disability may be paid in monthly pension or in lump sum if the period covered does not
exceed one year.

Chapter 7
DEATH BENEFITS

Article 194. Death. (a) Under such regulations as the Commission may approve, the System shall pay to the
primary beneficiaries upon the death of the covered employee under this Title an amount equivalent to his
monthly income benefit, plus 10 percent thereof for each dependent child, but not exceeding five, beginning with
the youngest and without substitution except as provided for in paragraph (i) on Article 167 hereof: Provided,
however, That the monthly income benefit shall be guaranteed for five years: Provided, further, That if he has no
primary beneficiary, the System shall pay to his secondary beneficiaries the monthly income benefit but not to
exceed 60 months: Provided, finally, That the minimum death benefit shall not be less than fifteen thousand
pesos.

(b) Under such regulations as the Commission may approve, the System shall pay to the primary
beneficiaries upon the death of a covered employee who is under permanent total disability under this Title,
eighty percent of the monthly income benefit and his dependents to the dependent's pension: Provided,
That the marriage must have been validly subsisting at the time of disability: Provided, further, That if he
has no primary beneficiary, the System shall pay to his secondary beneficiaries the monthly pension
excluding the dependent pension, of the remaining balance of the five-year guaranteed period: Provided,
finally, That the minimum death benefit shall not be less than fifteen thousand pesos.

(c) The monthly income benefit provided herein shall be the new amount of the monthly income benefit for
the surviving beneficiaries upon the approval of this decree.

(d) Funeral benefit. A funeral benefit of one thousand five hundred pesos be paid upon the death of a
covered employee or permanently totally disabled pensioner.

Chapter 8

PROVISIONS COMMON TO INCOME BENEFITS

Article 195. Relationship and dependency. All questions of relationship and dependency shall be determined as
of the time of death.

Article 196. Delinquent contributions. (a) An employer who is delinquent in his contributions shall be liable to the
System for the benefits which may have been paid by the System to his employees or their dependents and any
benefit and expenses to which such employer is liable shall constitute a lien on all his property, real or personal,
which is hereby declared to be preferred to any credit except taxes. The payment by the employer of the lump
sum equivalent of such liability shall absolve him from the payment of the delinquent contributions and penalty
thereon with respect to the employee concerned.

(b) Failure or refusal of the employer to pay or remit the contributions herein prescribed shall not prejudice
the right of the employee or his dependents to the benefits under this Title. If the sickness, injury, disability
or death occurs before the System receives any report of the name of his employee, the employer shall be
liable to the System for the lump sum equivalent of the benefits to which such employee or his dependents
may be entitled.

Article 197. Second injuries. If any employee under permanent partial disability suffers another injury which
results in a compensable disability greater than the previous injury, the State Insurance Fund shall be liable for
the income benefit of the new disability: Provided, That if the new disability is related to the previous disability, the
System shall be liable only for the difference in income benefits.

Article 198. Assignment of benefits. No claim for compensation under this Title is transferable, or liable to tax,
attachment, garnishment, levy or seizure by or under any legal process whatsoever, either before or after receipt
by the person or persons entitled thereto, except to pay any debt of the employee to the System.

Article 199. Earned benefits. Income benefits shall, with respect to any period of disability, be payable in
accordance with this Title to an employee who is entitled to receive wages, salaries or allowances for holidays,
vacation or sick leaves, and any award or benefit under a collective bargaining or other agreement.

Article 200. Safety devices. In case the employee's injury or death was due to the failure of the employer to
comply with any law, or to install and maintain safety devices, or take other precautions for the prevention of
injury, said employer shall pay to the State Insurance Fund a penalty of 25 per cent of the lump sum equivalent of
the income benefit payable by the System to the employee. All employers, especially those who should have been
paying a rate of contribution higher than that required of them under this Title, are enjoined to undertake and
strengthen measures for the occupational health and safety of their employees.

Article 201. Prescriptive period. No claim for compensation shall be given due course unless said claim is filed
with the System within three years from the time the cause of action accrued.
Article 202. Erroneous payment. (a) If the System in good faith pay income benefit to a dependent who is inferior
in right to another dependent or with whom another dependent is entitled to share, such payment shall discharge
the System from liability, unless and until such other dependent notifies the System of his claim prior to the
payment.

(b) In case of doubt as to the respective rights of rival claimants, the System is hereby empowered to
determine as to whom payment should be made in accordance with such regulations as the Commission
may approve. If the money is payable to a minor or incompetent, payment shall be made by the System to
such person or persons as it may consider to be best qualified to take care and dispose of the minor's or
incompetent's property for his benefit.

Article 203. Prohibition. No agent, attorney or other person pursuing or in charge of the preparation or filing of
any claim for benefit under this Title shall demand or charge for his services any fee, and any stipulation to the
contrary shall be null and void. The retention or deduction of any amount from any benefit granted under this Title
for the payment of fees of such services is prohibited. Violation of any provision of this Article shall be punished by
a fine of not less than five hundred pesos nor more than five thousand pesos, or imprisonment for not less than
six months nor more than one year, or both, at the discretion of the court.

Article 204. Exemption from levy, tax, etc. All laws to the contrary notwithstanding, the State Insurance Fund and
all its assets shall be exempt from any tax, fee, charge, levy or customs or import duty, and no law hereafter
enacted shall apply to the State Insurance Fund unless it is provided therein that the same is applicable by

expressly stating its name.

Chapter 9
RECORDS, REPORTS AND PENAL PROVISIONS

Article 205. Records of death or disability. (a) All employers shall keep a logbook to record chronologically the
sickness, injury or death of their employees, setting forth therein their names, dates and places of the
contingency, nature of the contingency and absences. Entries in the logbook shall be made within five days from
notice or knowledge of the occurrence of the contingency. Within five days after the entry in the logbook, the
employer shall report to the System only those contingencies it deems to be work connected.

(b) All entries in the employer's logbook shall be made by the employer or any of his authorized official after
verification of the contingencies or the employee's absences for a period of a day or more. Upon request by
the System, the employer shall furnish the necessary certificate regarding information about any
contingency appearing in the logbook, citing the entry number, page number and date. Such logbook shall
be made available for inspection to the duly authorized representative of the System.

(c) Should any employer fail to record in the logbook an actual sickness, injury or death of any of his
employees within the period prescribed herein, give false information or withhold material information
already in his possession, he shall be held liable for 50 per cent of the lump sum equivalent of the income
benefit to which the employee may be found to be entitled, the payment of which shall accrue to the State
Insurance Fund.

(d) In case of payment of benefits for any claim which is later determined to be fraudulent and the employer
is found to be a party to the fraud, such employer shall reimburse the System the full amount of the
compensation paid.

Article 206. Notice of sickness, injury or death. Notice of sickness, injury or death shall be given to the employer
by the employee or by his dependents or anybody on his behalf within five days from the occurrence of the
contingency. No notice to the employer shall be required if the contingency is known to the employer or his agents
or representatives.

Article 207. Penal provisions. (a) The penal provisions of Republic Act numbered eleven hundred sixty-one, as
amended, and Commonwealth Act numbered one hundred eighty-six, as amended, with regard to the funds as
are thereunder being paid to, collected or disbursed by the System, shall be applicable to the collection,
administration and disbursement of the funds under this Title.

(b) Any person, who for the purpose of securing entitlement to any benefit or payment under this Title or
the issuance of any certificate or document for any purpose connected with this Title, whether for him or for
some other person, commits fraud, collusion, falsification, misrepresentation of facts or any other kind of
anomaly shall be punished with a fine of not less than five hundred pesos nor more than five thousand
pesos and an imprisonment for not less than six months nor more than one year, at the discretion of the
court.

(c) If the act penalized by this Article is committed by any person who has been or is employed by the
Commission or System, or a recidivist, the imprisonment shall not be less than one year; if committed by a
lawyer, physician or other professional, he shall in addition to the penalty prescribed herein be disqualified
from the practice of his profession; and if committed by an official, employee or personnel of the
Commission, System or any government agency, he shall in addition to the penalty prescribed herein be
dismissed with prejudice to reemployment in the government service.

Article 208. Applicability. This Title shall apply only to injury, sickness, disability or death occurring on or after
January 1, 1975.
January 1, 1975.

Article 208-A. Repeal of Laws. All existing laws, Presidential Decrees and Letters of Instructions which are
inconsistent with or contrary to this Decree, are hereby repealed: Provided, That in the case of the GSIS,
conditions for entitlement to benefits shall be governed by the Labor Code, as amended: Provided, however, That
the formulas for computation of benefits, as well as the contribution base, shall be those provided for under
Commonwealth Act numbered one hundred eighty-six, as amended by Presidential Decree No. 1146, plus 20 per
cent thereof.

Title III

Medicare

Article 209. Medical care. The Philippine Medical Care Plan shall be implemented as provided under Republic Act
numbered sixty-one hundred eleven, as amended.

Title IV
Adult Education

Article 210. Adult education. Every employer shall render assistance in the establishment and operation of adult
education programs for their workers and employees as prescribed by regulations jointly approved by the
Department of Labor and Employment and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports.

Book Five
LABOR RELATIONS

Title I
Policy and Definitions

Chapter 1
POLICY

Article 211. Declaration of policy. A. It is the policy of the State:

(a) To promote and emphasize the primacy of free collective bargaining and negotiations, including
voluntary arbitration, mediation and conciliation, as modes of setting labor or industrial disputes;

(b) To promote free trade unionism as an instrument for the enhancement of democracy and the
promotion of social justice and development;

(c) To foster the free and voluntary organization of a strong and united labor movement;

(d) To promote the enlightenment of workers concerning their rights and obligations as union
members and as employees;

(e) To provide an adequate administrative machinery for the expeditious settlement of labor or
industrial disputes;

(f) To ensure a stable but dynamic and just industrial peace; and

(g) To ensure the participation of workers in decision and policy-making processes affecting their
rights, duties and welfare.

B. To encourage a truly democratic method of regulating the relations between the employers and
employees by means of agreements freely entered into through collective bargaining, no court or
administrative agency or official shall have the power to set or fix wages, rates of pay, hours of work or
other terms and conditions of employment, except as otherwise provided under this Code.

Chapter 2
DEFINITIONS

Article 212. Definitions. (a) "Commission" means the National Labor Relations Commission or any of its divisions,
as the case may be, as provided under this Code.

(b) "Bureau" means the Bureau of Labor Relations and/or the Labor Relations Divisions in the regional
offices established under Presidential Decree No. 1, in the Department of Labor.

(c) "Board" means the National Conciliation and Mediation Board established under Executive Order No.
126.

(d) "Council" means the Tripartite Voluntary Arbitration Advisory Council established under Executive Order
No. 126, as amended.

(e) "Employer" includes any person acting in the interest of an employer, directly or indirectly. The term
shall not include any labor organization or any of its officers or agents except when acting as employer.
(f) "Employee" includes any person in the employ of an employer. The term shall not be limited to the
employees of a particular employer, unless this Code so explicitly states. It shall include any individual
 employees of a particular employer, unless this Code so explicitly states. It shall include any individual
whose work has ceased as a result of or in connection with any current labor dispute or because of any
unfair labor practice if he has not obtained any other substantially equivalent and regular employment.

(g) "Labor organization" means any union or association of employees which exists in whole or in part for
the purpose of collective bargaining or of dealing with employers concerning terms and conditions of
employment.

(h) "Legitimate labor organization" means any labor organization duly registered with the Department of
Labor and Employment, and includes any branch or local thereof.

(i) "Company union" means any labor organization whose formation, function or administration has been
assisted by any act defined as unfair labor practice by this Code.

(j) "Bargaining representative" means a legitimate labor organization or any officer or agent of such
organization whether or not employed by the employer.

(k) "Unfair labor practice" means any unfair labor practice as expressly defined by this Code.

(l) "Labor dispute" includes any controversy or matter concerning terms or conditions of employment or the
association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or arranging the terms
and conditions of employment, regardless of whether the disputants stand in the proximate relation of
employer and employee.

(m) "Managerial employee" is one who is vested with powers or prerogatives to lay down and execute
management policies and/or to hire, transfer, suspend, lay-off, recall, discharge, assign or discipline
employees. Supervisory employees are those who, in the interest of the employer, effectively recommend
such managerial actions if the exercise of such authority is not merely routinary or clerical in nature but
requires the use of independent judgment. All employees not falling within any of the above definitions are
considered rank-and-file employees for purposes of this Book.

(n) "Voluntary Arbitrator" means any person accredited by the Board as such, or any person named or
designated in the collective bargaining agreement by the parties to act as their voluntary arbitrator, or one
chosen, with or without the assistance of the National Conciliation and Mediation Board, pursuant to a
selection procedure agreed upon in the collective bargaining agreement, or any official that may be
authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment to act as voluntary arbitrator upon the written
request and agreement of the parties to a labor dispute.

(o) "Strike" means any temporary stoppage of work by the concerted action of employees as a result of an
industrial or labor dispute.

(p) "Lockout" means the temporary refusal of an employer to furnish work as a result of an industrial or
labor dispute.

(q) "Internal union dispute" includes all disputes or grievances arising from any violation of or disagreement
over any provision of the constitution and by-laws of a union, including any violation of the rights and
conditions of union membership provided for in this Code.

(r) "Strike breaker" means any person who obstructs, impedes, or interferes with by force, violence,
coersion, threats or intimidation any peaceful picketing by employees during any labor controversy affecting
wages, hours or conditions of work or in the exercise of the right of self-organization or collective
bargaining.

(s) "Strike area" means the establishment, warehouses, depots, plants or offices, including the sites or
premises used as run-away shops, of the employer struck against, as well as the immediate vicinity actually
used by picketing strikers in moving to and for. before all points of entrance to and exit from said
establishment. (As amended by RA 6715)

Title II
National Labor Relations Commission

Chapter 1
CREATION AND COMPOSITION

Article 213. National Labor Relations Commission. There shall be a National Labor Relations Commission which
shall be attached to the Department of Labor and Employment for program and policy coordination only,
composed of a Chairman and fourteen (14) members.

Five (5) members each shall be chosen from among the nominees of the workers and employers organizations,
respectively. The Chairman and the four (4) remaining members shall come from the public sector, with the latter
to be chosen from among the recommendees of the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Upon assumption into office, the members nominated by the workers and employers organizations shall divest
themselves of any affiliation with or interest in the federation or association to which they belong.

The Commission may sit en banc or in five (5) divisions, each composed of three (3) members. The Commission
The Commission may sit en banc or in five (5) divisions, each composed of three (3) members. The Commission
shall sit en banc only for purposes of promulgating rules and regulations governing the hearing and disposition of
cases before any of its divisions and regional branches and formulating policies affecting its administration and
operations. The Commission shall exercise its adjudicatory and all other powers, functions, and duties through its
divisions. Of the five (5) divisions, the first and second divisions shall handle cases coming from the National
Capital Region and the third, fourth and fifth divisions, cases from other parts of Luzon, from the Visayas and
Mindanao, respectively. The divisions of the Commission shall have exclusive appellate jurisdiction over cases
within their respective territorial jurisdiction.

The concurrence of two (2) Commissioners of a division shall be necessary for the pronouncement of a judgment
or resolution. Whenever the required membership in a division is not complete and the concurrence of two (2)
Commissioners to arrive at a judgment or resolution cannot be obtained, the Chairman shall designate such
number of additional Commissioners from the other divisions as may be necessary.

The conclusions of a division on any case submitted to it for decision shall be reached in consultation before the
case is assigned to a member for the writing of the opinion. It shall be mandatory for the division to meet for
purposes of the consultation ordained therein. A certification to this effect signed by the Presiding Commissioner
of the division shall be issued, and a copy thereof attached to the record of the case and served upon the parties.

The Chairman shall be the Presiding Commissioner of the first division, and the four (4) other members from the
public sector shall be the Presiding Commissioners of the second, third, fourth and fifth divisions, respectively. In
case of the effective absence or incapacity of the Chairman, the Presiding Commissioner of the second division
shall be the Acting Chairman.

The Chairman, aided by the Executive Clerk of the Commission, shall have administrative supervision over the
Commission and its regional branches and all its personnel, including the Executive Labor Arbiters and Labor
Arbiters.

The Commission, when sitting en banc, shall be assisted by the same Executive Clerk, and, when acting thru its
divisions, by said Executive Clerk for its first division and four (4) other Deputy Executive Clerks for the second,
third, fourth and fifth divisions, respectively, in the performance of such similar or equivalent functions and duties
as are discharged by the Clerk of Court and Deputy Clerks of Court of the Court of Appeals. (As amended by RA
6715)

Article 214. Headquarters, branches and provincial extension units. The Commission and its first, second, and
third divisions shall have their main offices in Metropolitan Manila, and the fourth and fifth divisions in the cities of
Cebu and Cagayan de Oro, respectively. The Commission shall establish as many regional branches as there are
regional offices of the Department of Labor and Employment, sub-regional branches or provincial extension units.
There shall be as many labor arbiters as may be necessary for the effective and efficient operation of the
Commission. Each regional branch shall be headed by an Executive Labor Arbiter. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 215. Appointment and qualifications. The Chairmans and other Commissioners shall be members of the
Philippine Bar and must have been engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines for at least fifteen (15) years,
with at least five (5) years experience or exposure in the field of labor-management relations, and shall preferably
be residents of the region where they are to hold office. The Executive Labor Arbiters and Labor Arbiters shall
likewise be members of the Philippine Bar and must have been engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines
for at least seven (7) years, with at least three (3) years experience or exposure in the field of labor-management
relations: Provided, however, that incumbent Executive Labor Arbiters and Labor Arbiters who have been
engaged in the practice of law for at least five (5) years may be considered as already qualified for purposes of

reappointment as such under this Act.

The Chairman and the other Commissioners, the Executive Labor Arbiters and Labor Arbiters shall hold office
during good behavior until they reach the age of sixty-five (65) years, unless sooner removed for cause as
provided by law or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office.

The Chairman, the Division Presiding Commissioners and other Commissioners shall all be appointed by the
President, subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments. Appointment to any vacancy shall come
from the nominees of the sector which nominated the predecessor. The Executive Labor Arbiters and Labor
Arbiters shall also be appointed by the President, upon recommendation of the Secretary of Labor and
Employment, and shall be subject to the Civil Service Law, rules and regulations.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall, in consultation with the Chairman of the Commission, appoint the
staff and employees of the Commission, and its regional branches as the needs of the service may require,
subject to the Civil Service Law, rules and regulations, and upgrade their current salaries, benefits and other
emoluments in accordance with law. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 216. Salaries, benefits and other emoluments. The Chairman and members of the Commission shall
receive an annual salary at least equivalent to, and be entitled to the same allowances and benefits as, those of
the Presiding Justice and Associate Justices of the Court of Appeals, respectively. The Executive Labor Arbiters
shall receive an annual salary at least equivalent to that of an Assistance Regional Director of the Department of
Labor and Employment and shall be entitled to the same allowances and benefits as that of a Regional Director of
said department. The Labor Arbiters shall receive an annual salary at least equivalent to, and be entitled to the
same allowances and benefits as, that of an Assistant Regional Director of the Department of Labor and
Employment. In no case, however, shall be the provision of this Article result in the diminution of existing salaries,
allowances and benefits of the aforementioned officials. (As amended by RA 6715)

Chapter 2
POWERS AND DUTIES

Article 217. Jurisdiction of Labor Arbiters and the Commission. (a) Except as otherwise provided under this Code,
the Labor Arbiters shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction to hear and decide, within thirty (30) calendar days
after the submission of the case by the parties for decision without extension, even in the absence of
stenographic notes, the following cases involving all workers, whether agricultural or non-agricultural:

(1) Unfair labor practice cases;

(2) Termination disputes;

(3) If accompanied with a claim for reinstatement, those cases that workers may file involving wages, rate
of pay, hours of work and other terms and conditions of employment;

(4) Claims for actual, moral, exemplary and other forms of damages arising from the employer-employee
relations;

(5) Cases arising from any violation of Article 264 of this Code, including questions involving the legality of
strikes and lockouts; and

(6) Except claims for employees compensation, social security, medicare and maternity benefits, all other
claims arising from employer-employee relations, including those of persons in domestic or household
service, involving an amount exceeding five thousand pesos (P5,000.00), whether or not accompanied with
a claim for reinstatement.

(b) The Commission shall have exclusive appellate jurisdiction over all cases decided by Labor Arbiters.

(c) Cases arising from the interpretation or implementation of collective bargaining agreements and those
arising from the interpretation or enforcement of company personnel policies shall be disposed of by the
Labor Arbiter by referring the same to the grievance machinery and voluntary arbitration as may be
provided in said agreements. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 218. Powers of the Commission. The Commission shall have the power and authority:

(a) To promulgate rules and regulations governing the hearing and disposition of cases before it and its
regional branches, as well as those pertaining to its internal functions and such rules and regulations as
may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Code;

(b) To administer oaths, summon the parties to a controversy, issue subpoenas requiring the attendance
and testimony of witnesses or the production of such books, papers, contracts, records, statements of
accounts, agreements, and others as may be material to a just determination of the matter under
investigation, and to testify in any investigation or hearing conducted in pursuance of this Code;

(c) To conduct investigation for the determination of a question, matter or controversy within its jurisdiction,
proceed to hear and determine the disputes in the absence of any party thereto who has been summoned
or served with notice to appear, adjourn its hearings to any time and place, refer technical matters or
accounts to an expert and to accept his report as evidence after hearing of the parties upon due notice,
direct parties to be joined in or excluded from the proceedings, correct, amend, or waive any error, defect
or irregularity, whether in substance or in form, give all such directions as it may deem necessary or
expedient in the determination of the dispute before it, and dismiss any matter or refrain from hearing
further or from determining the dispute or part thereof, where it is trivial or where further proceedings by the
Commission are not necessary or desirable;

(d) To hold any person in contempt direct or indirectly and impose appropriate penalties therefor in
accordance with law.

A person guilty of misbehavior in the presence of or so near the Chairman or any member of the
Commission or any Labor Arbiter as to obstruct or interrupt the proceedings before the same, including
disrespect toward said officials, offensive personalities toward others, or refusal to be sworn or to answer
as a witness, or to subscribe an affidavit or deposition when lawfully required to do so, may summarily
adjudged in direct contempt by said officials and punished by fine not exceeding five hundred pesos (P500)
or imprisonment not exceeding five (5) days, or both if it be the Commission or a member thereof, or by a
fine not exceeding one hundred pesos (P100) or imprisonment not exceeding one (1) day, or both if it be a
Labor Arbiter.

The person adjudged in direct contempt by a Labor Arbiter may appeal to the Commission and the
execution of the judgment shall be suspended pending the resolution of the appeal upon the filing of
subject person of a bond on condition that he will abide by and perform the judgment of the Commission
should the appeal be decided against him. Judgment of the Commission on direct contempt is immediately
executory and unappealable. Indirect contempt shall be dealt with by the Commission or Labor Arbiter in
the manner prescribed under Rule 71 of the Revised Rules of Court; and
 (e) To enjoin or restrain any actual or threatened commission of any or all prohibited or unlawful acts or to
require the performance of a particular act in any labor dispute which, if not restrained or performed
forthwith, may cause grave or irreparable damage to any party: Provided, That no temporary or permanent
injunction in any case involving or growing out of a labor dispute as defined in this Code shall be issued
except after hearing the testimony of witnesses, with opportunity for cross-examination, in support of the
allegations of a complaint made under oath, and testimony in opposition thereto, if offered, and only after a
finding of fact by the Commission, to the effect:

(1) That prohibited or unlawful acts have been threatened and will be committed unless restrained, or
have been committed and will be continued unless restrained, but no injunction or temporary
restraining order shall be issued on account of any threat, prohibited or unlawful act, except against
the person or persons, association or organization making the threat or committing the prohibited or
unlawful act or actually authorizing or ratifying the same after actual knowledge thereof;

(2) That substantial and irreparable injury to complainant's property will follow;

(3) That, as to each item of relief to be granted, greater injury will be inflicted upon complainant by
the denial of relief than will be inflicted upon defendants by the granting of relief;

(4) That complainant has no adequate remedy at law; and

(5) That the public officers charged with the duty to protect complainant's property are unable or
unwilling to furnish adequate protection.

Such hearing shall be held after due and personal notice thereof has been served, in such manner as the

Commission shall direct, to all known persons against whom relief is sought, and also to the Chief Executive and
other public officials of the province or city within which the unlawful acts have been threatened or committed
charged with the duty to protect complainant's property: Provided, however, That if a complainant shall also allege
that, unless a temporary restraining order shall be issued without notice, a substantial and irreparable injury to
complainant's property will be unavoidable, such a temporary restraining order may be issued upon testimony
under oath, sufficient, if sustained, to justify the Commission in issuing a temporary injunction upon hearing after
notice. Such a temporary restraining order shall be effective for no longer than twenty (20) days and shall become
void at the expiration of said twenty (20) days. No such temporary restraining order or temporary injunction shall
be issued except on condition that complainant shall first file an undertaking with adequate security in an amount
to be fixed by the Commission sufficient to recompense those enjoined for any loss, expense or damage caused
by the improvident or erroneous issuance of such order or injunction, including all reasonable costs, together with
a reasonable attorney's fee, and expense of defense against the order or against the granting of any injunctive
relief sought in the same proceeding and subsequently denied by the Commission.

The undertaking herein mentioned shall be understood to constitute an agreement entered into by the
complainant and the surety upon which an order may be rendered in the same suit or proceeding against said
complainant and surety, upon a hearing to assess damages, of which hearing complainant and surety shall have
reasonable notice, the said complainant and surety submitting themselves to the jurisdiction of the Commission
for that purpose. But nothing herein contained shall deprive any party having a claim or cause of action under or
upon such undertaking from electing to pursue his ordinary remedy by suit at law or in equity: Provided, further,
That the reception of evidence for the application of a writ of injunction may be delegated by the Commission to
any of its Labor Arbiters who shall conduct such hearings in such places as he may determine to be accessible to
the parties and their witnesses and shall submit thereafter his recommendation to the Commission. (As amended
by RA 6715)

Article 219. Ocular inspection. The Chairman, any Commissioner, Labor Arbiter or their duly authorized
representatives may at any time during working hours conduct an ocular inspection on any establishment,
building, ship or vessel, place or premises, including any work, material, implement, machinery, appliance or any
object therein, and ask any employee, laborer or any person as the case may be for any information or data
concerning any matter or question relative to the object of the investigation.

Article 220. Compulsory Arbitrators. The Commission or any Labor Arbiter shall have the power to seek the
assistance of other government officials and qualified private citizens to act as compulsory arbitrators on cases
referred to them and to fix and assess the fees of such compulsory arbitrators, taking into account the nature of
the case, the time consumed in hearing of the case, the professional standing of the arbitrators, the financial
capacity of the parties, and the fees provided in the rules of court.

Article 221. Technical rules not binding and prior resort to amicable settlement. In any proceeding before the
Commission or any of the Labor Arbiters, the rules of evidence prevailing in courts of law or equity shall not be
controlling, and it is the spirit and intention of this Code that the Commission and its members and the Labor
Arbiters shall use every and all reasonable means to ascertain the facts in each case speedily and objectively,
without regard to technicalities of law or procedure, all in the interest of due process. In any proceeding before the
Commission or any Labor Arbiter, the parties may be represented by legal counsel but it shall be the duty of the
Chairman, any Presiding Commissioner or Commissioner or any Labor Arbiter to exercise complete control of the
proceedings at all stages.

Any provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, the Labor Arbiter shall exert all efforts towards the amicable
settlement of a labor dispute within his jurisdiction on or before the first hearing. The same rule shall apply to the
Commission in the exercise of its original jurisdiction. (As amended by RA 6715)
Commission in the exercise of its original jurisdiction. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 222. Appearances and fees. (a) Non-lawyers may appear before the Commissioner or any Labor Arbiter
only:

1. If they represent themselves; or

2. If they represent their organization or members thereof.

(b) No attorney's fees, negotiation fees or similar charges of any kind arising from any collective bargaining
negotiations or conclusion of the collective agreement shall be imposed on any individual member of the
contracting union: Provided, however, That attorney's fees may be charged against union funds in an
amount to be agreed upon by the parties. Any contract, agreement or arrangement of any sort to the
contrary shall be null and void.
Chapter 3
APPEAL

Article 223. Appeal. Decisions, awards, or orders of the Labor Arbiter are final and executory unless appealed to
the Commission by any or both parties within ten (10) calendar days from receipt of such decisions, awards, or
orders. Such appeal may be entertained only on any of the following grounds:

(a) If there is prima facie evidence of abuse of discretion on the part of the Labor Arbiter;

(b) If the decision, order or award was secured through fraud or coercion, including graft and corruption; lawphi1.net

(c) If made purely on questions of law; and

(d) If serious errors in the findings of facts are raised which would cause grave or irreparable damage or
injury to the appellant.

In case of a judgment involving a monetary award, an appeal by the employer may be perfected only upon the
posting of a cash or surety bond issued by a reputable bonding company duly accredited by the Commission in
the amount equivalent to the monetary award in the judgment appealed from.

In any event, the decision of the Labor Arbiter reinstating a dismissed or separated employee, insofar as the
reinstatement aspect is concerned, shall immediately be executory, even pending appeal. The employee shall
either be admitted back to work under the same terms and conditions prevailing prior to his dismissal or
separation or, at the option of the employer, merely reinstated in the payroll. The posting of a bond by the
employer shall not stay the execution for reinstatement provided herein.

To discourage frivolous or dilatory appeals, the Commission or the Labor Arbiter shall impose reasonable penalty,
including fines or censures, upon the erring parties.

In all cases, the appellant shall furnish a copy of the memorandum of appeal to the other party who shall file an
answer not later than ten (10) calendar days from receipt thereof.

The Commission shall decide all cases within twenty (20) calendar days from receipt of the answer of the
appellee.

The decision of the Commission shall be final and executory after ten (10) calendar days from receipt thereof by
the parties.

Any law enforcement agency may be deputized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or the Commission in
the enforcement of decisions, awards, or orders. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 224. Execution of decisions, orders, or awards. (a) The Secretary of Labor and Employment or any
Regional Director, the Commission or any Labor Arbiter or Med-Arbiter, or the voluntary arbitrator or panel of
voluntary arbitrators may, motu proprio or on motion of any interested party, issue a writ of execution on a
judgment within five (5) years from the date it becomes final and executory, requiring a sheriff or a duly deputized
officer to execute or enforce final decisions, orders or awards of the Secretary of Labor and Employment or
Regional Director, the Commission, or the Labor Arbiter or Med-Arbiter, or voluntary arbitrator or panel of
voluntary arbitrators. In any case, it shall be the duty of the responsible officer to separately furnish immediately
the counsel of record and the parties with copies of said decisions, orders or awards. Failure to comply with the
duty prescribed herein shall subject such responsible officer to appropriate administrative sanctions.

(b) The Secretary of Labor and Employment, and the Chairman of the Commission may designate special
sheriffs and take any measure under existing laws to ensure compliance with their decisions, orders or
awards and those of Labor Arbiters and voluntary arbitrators or panel of voluntary arbitrators, including the
imposition of administrative fines which shall not be less than five hundred pesos (P500.00) nor more than
ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00).

Article 225. Contempt powers of the Secretary of Labor and Employment. In the exercise of his powers under
this Code, the Secretary of Labor and Employment may hold any person in direct or indirect contempt and impose
the appropriate penalties therefor.

Title III
 Title III
Bureau of Labor Relations
Article 226. Bureau of Labor Relations. The Bureau of Labor Relations and the labor relations divisions in the
regional offices of the Department of Labor and Employment shall have original and exclusive authority to act, at
their own initiative or upon request of either or both parties, on all inter-union and intra-union conflicts, and all
disputes, grievances or problems arising from or affecting labor-management relations in all workplaces whether
agricultural or non-agricultural, except those arising from the implementation or interpretation of collective
bargaining agreements which shall be the subject of grievance procedure and/or voluntary arbitration.

The Bureau shall have fifteen (15) calendar days to act on labor cases before it, subject to extension by
agreement of the parties. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 227. Compromise agreements. Any compromise settlement, including those involving labor standard laws,
voluntarily agreed upon by the parties with the assistance of the Bureau or the regional office of the Secretary of
Labor and Employment, shall be final and binding upon the parties. The National Labor Relations Commission or
any court shall not assume jurisdiction over issues involved therein except in case of non-compliance thereof or if
there is prima facie evidence that the settlement was obtained through fraud, misrepresentation, or coercion.

Article 228. Indorsement of case to Labor Arbiters. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this Article, the
Labor Arbiter shall entertain only cases indorsed to them for compulsory arbitration by the Bureau or by the
Regional Director of the Department of Labor and Employment. All parties to a case shall be furnished by the
Bureau or by the Regional Director with a written notice of such indorsement or non-indorsement. The
indorsement or non-indorsement of the Regional Director may be appealed to the Bureau within ten working days
from receipt of the notice.

(b) The parties may, at any time, by mutual agreement, withdraw a case from the Conciliation Section and
jointly submit it to a Labor Arbiter, except deadlocks in collective bargaining.

Article 229. Issuance of subpoenas. The Bureau shall have the power to require the appearance of any person
or the production of any paper, document or matter relevant to a labor dispute under its jurisdiction either at the
request of any interested party or at its own initiative.

Article 230. Appointment of bureau personnel. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may appoint, in addition
to the present personnel of the Bureau and the Industrial Relations Divisions, such number of examiners and
other assistants as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of this Code. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 231. Registry of unions and file of collective agreements. The Bureau shall keep a registry of legitimate
labor organizations.

The Bureau shall also maintain a file of all collective bargaining agreements and other related agreements and
records of settlement of labor disputes, and copies of orders, and decisions of voluntary arbitrators or panel or
voluntary arbitrators. The file shall be open and accessible to interested parties under conditions prescribed by
the Secretary of Labor and Employment, provided that no specific information submitted in confidence shall be
disclosed unless authorized by the Secretary, or when it is at issue in any judicial litigation or when public interest
or national security so requires.

Within thirty (30) days from the execution of a collective bargaining agreement, the parties shall submit copies of
the same directly to the Bureau or the Regional Offices of the Department of Labor and Employment for
registration accompanied with verified proofs of its posting in two conspicuous places in the place of work and
ratification by the majority of all the workers in the bargaining unit. The Bureau or Regional Offices shall act upon
the application for registration of such collective bargaining agreement within five (5) calendar days from receipt
thereof. The Regional Offices shall furnish the Bureau with a copy of the collective bargaining agreement within
five (5) days from its submission.

The Bureau or Regional Office shall assess the employer for every collective bargaining agreement a registration
fee of not less than one thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or in any other amount as may be deemed appropriate and
necessary by the Secretary of Labor and Employment for the effective and efficient administration of the voluntary
arbitration program. Any amount collected under this provision shall accrue to the Special Voluntary Arbitration
Program.

The Bureau shall also maintain a file, and shall undertake or assist in the publication, of all final decisions, orders
and awards of the Secretary of Labor and Employment, Regional Directors and the Commission. (As amended by
RA 6715)

Article 232. Prohibition on certification election. The Bureau shall not entertain any petition for certification
election or any other action which may disturb the administration of duly registered existing collective bargaining
agreements affecting the parties except under Articles 253, 253-A and 256 of this Code. (As amended by RA
6715)

Article 233. Privileged communication. Information and statements made at conciliation proceedings shall be
treated as privileged communication and shall not be used as evidence in the Commission. Conciliators and
similar officials shall not testify in any court or body regarding any matters taken up at conciliation proceedings
conducted by them.
 Title IV
Labor Organizations

Chapter 1
REGISTRATION AND CANCELLATION

Article 234. Requirements of registration. Any applicant labor organization, association or group of unions or
workers shall acquire legal personality and shall be entitled to the rights and privileges granted by law to
legitimate labor organizations upon issuance of the certificate of registration based on the following requirements:

(a) Fifty-pesos (P50.00) registration fee;

(b) The names of its officers, their addresses, the principal address of the labor organization, the minutes of
the organizational meetings and the list of the workers who participated in such meetings;

(c) The names of all its members comprising at least twenty 20% percent of all the employees in the
bargaining unit where it seeks to operate.

(d) If the applicant has been in existence for one or more years, copies of its annual financial reports; and

(e) Four copies of the constitution and by-laws of the applicant union, the minutes of its adoption or
ratification and the list of the members who participated in it.

Article 235. Action on application. The Bureau shall act on all applications for registration within thirty (30) days
from filing.

All requisite documents and papers shall be certified under oath by the Secretary or the treasurer of the
organization, as the case may be, and attested to by its president.

Article 236. Denial of registration; appeal. The decision of the Labor Relations Division in the regional office
denying registration may be appealed by the applicant union to the Bureau within ten days from receipt of notice
thereof.

Article 237. Additional requirements for federations or national unions. Subject to Article 238 if the applicant for
registration is a federation or a national union, it shall, in addition to the requirements of the preceding Articles,
submit the following:

(a) Proof of the affiliation of at least ten locals or chapters, each of which must be a duly recognized
collective bargaining agent in the establishment or industry in which it operates, supporting the registration
of such applicant federation or national union;

(b) The names and addresses of the companies where the locals or chapters operate and the list of all the
members in each company involved.

Art. 238. Conditions for registration of federations or national unions. No federation or national union shall be
registered to engage in any organizational activity in more than one industry in any area or region, and no
federation or national union shall be registered to engage in any organizational activity in more than one industry
all over the country.

The federation or national union which meets the requirements and conditions herein prescribed may organize
the affiliate locals and chapters without registering such locals or chapters with the Bureau.

Locals or chapters shall have the same rights and privileges as if they were registered in the Bureau, provided
that such federation or national union organizes such locals or chapters within its assigned organization field of
activity as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

The Bureau shall see to it that federations and national unions shall only organize locals and chapters within a
specific industry or region.]

Article 238. Cancellation of Registration, appeal. The certificate of registration of any legitimate labor
organization, whether national or local, shall be cancelled by the Bureau if it has reason to believe, after due
hearing, that the said labor organization no longer meets one or more of the requirements herein prescribed.

[The Bureau upon approval of this Code shall immediately institute cancellation proceedings and take such other
steps as may be necessary to restructure all existing registered labor organizations in accordance with the
objective envisioned above.]

Article 239. Grounds for cancellation of union registration. The following shall constitute grounds for cancellation
of union registration:

(a) Misrepresentation, false statement or fraud in connection with the adoption or ratification of the
constitution and by-laws or amendments thereto, the minutes of ratification, and the list of members who
took part in the ratification;
lawphi1.net

(b) Failure to submit the documents mentioned in the preceding paragraph within thirty (30) days from
 (b) Failure to submit the documents mentioned in the preceding paragraph within thirty (30) days from
adoption or ratification of the constitution and by-laws or amendments thereto;

(c) Misrepresentation, false statement or fraud in connection with the election of officers, minutes of the
election of officers and the list of voters, or failure to submit these documents together with the list of the
newly elected/appointed officers and their postal addresses within thirty (30) days from election; lawphi1.net

(d) Failure to submit the annual financial report to the Bureau within thirty (30) days after the closing of
every fiscal year and misrepresentation, false entries or fraud in the preparation of the financial report itself;

(e) Acting as a labor contractor or engaging in the "cabo" system, or otherwise engaging in any activity
prohibited by law;

(f) Entering into collective bargaining agreements which provide terms and conditions of employment below
minimum standard established by law;

(g) Asking for or accepting attorney's fees or negotiation fees from employers;

(h) Other than for mandatory activities under this Code, checking off special assessments or any other fees
without duly signed individual written authorizations of the members;

(i) Failure to submit a list of individual members to the Bureau once a year or whenever required by the
Bureau; and

(j) Failure to comply with requirements under Articles 237 and 238.

Article 240. Equity of the incumbent. All existing federations and national unions which meet the qualifications of
a legitimate labor organization and none of the grounds for cancellation shall continue to maintain their existing
affiliates regardless of the nature of the industry and the location of the affiliates.

[Incumbent affiliates of existing federations or national unions may disaffiliate only for the purpose of joining a
federation or national union in the industry or region in which it properly belongs or for the purpose of operating
as an independent labor group.]

Chapter 2
RIGHTS AND CONDITIONS OF MEMBERSHIP

Article 241. Rights and conditions of membership in a labor organization. The following are the rights and
conditions of membership in a labor organization:

(a) No arbitrary or excessive initiation fees shall be required of the members of a legitimate labor
organization nor shall arbitrary, excessive or oppressive fine and forfeiture be imposed;

(b) The members shall be entitled to full and detailed reports from their officers and representatives of all
financial transactions as provided for in the constitution and by-laws of the organization; lawphi1.net

(c) The members shall directly elect their officers in the local union, as well as their national officers in the
national union or federation to which they or their local union is affiliated, by secret ballot at intervals of five
(5) years. No qualification requirement for candidacy to any position shall be imposed other than
membership in good standing in subject labor organization. The secretary or any other responsible union
officer shall furnish the Secretary of Labor and Employment with a list of the newly-elected officers, together
with the appointive officers or agents who are entrusted with the handling of funds within thirty (30)
calendar days after the election of officers or from the occurrence of any change in the list of officers of the
labor organization. (As amended by RA 6715);

(d) The members shall determine by secret ballot, after due deliberation, any question of major policy
affecting the entire membership of the organization, unless the nature of the organization or force majeure
renders such secret balloting impractical, in which case the board of directors of the organization may make
the decision in behalf of the general membership.

(e) No labor organization shall knowingly admit as member or continue in membership any individual who
belongs to a subversive organization or who is engaged directly or indirectly in any subversive activity;

(f) No person who has been convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude shall be eligible for election as a
union officer or for appointment to any position in the union;

(g) No officer, agent or member of a labor organization shall collect any fees, dues, or other contributions in
its behalf or make any disbursement of its moneys or funds unless he is duly authorized pursuant to its
constitution and by-laws;

(h) Every payment of fees, dues or other contributions by a member shall be evidenced by a receipt signed
by the officer or agent making the collection and entered into the record of the organization to be kept and
maintained for the purpose;

(i) The funds of the organization shall not be applied for any purpose or object other than those expressly
provided by its constitution and by-laws or those expressly authorized by written resolution adopted by the
majority of the members at a general meeting duly called for the purpose;
 majority of the members at a general meeting duly called for the purpose;

(j) Every income or revenue of the organization shall be evidenced by a record showing its source, and
every expenditure of its funds shall be evidenced by a receipt from the person to whom the payment is
made, which shall state the date, place and purpose of such payment. Such record or receipt shall form
part of the financial records of the organization.

Any action involving the funds of the organization shall prescribe after three (3) years from the date of
submission of the annual financial report to the Department of Labor and Employment or from the date the
same should have been submitted as required by law, whichever comes earlier: Provided, That this
provision shall apply only to a legitimate labor organization which has submitted the financial report
requirements under this Code: Provided, further, That failure of any labor organization to comply with the
periodic financial reports required by law and such rules and regulations promulgated thereunder six (6)
months after the effectivity of this Act shall automatically result in the cancellation of union registration of
such labor organization. (As amended by RA 6715);

(k) The officers of any labor organization shall not be paid any compensation other than the salaries and
expenses due to their positions as specifically provided for in its constitution and by-laws or in a written
resolution duly authorized by a majority of all the members at a general membership meeting duly called for
the purpose. The minutes of the meeting and the list of participants and ballots cast shall be subject to
inspection by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized representatives. Any
irregularities in the approval of the resolutions shall be a ground for impeachment or expulsion from the
organization; lawphi1.net

(l) The treasurer of any labor organization and every officer thereof who is responsible for the accounts of
such organization or for the collection, management, disbursement, custody or control of the funds,
moneys and other properties of the organization, shall render to the organization and to its members a true
and correct account of all moneys received and paid by him since he assumed office or since the last date
on which he rendered such account and of the balance remaining in his hands at the time of rendering

such account, and of all bonds, securities and other properties of the organization entrusted to his custody
or under his control. The rendering of such account shall be made.

(1) At least once a year within thirty (30) days after the close of its fiscal year;

(2) At such other times as may be required by a resolution of the majority of the members of the
organization; and

(3) Upon vacating his office.

The account shall be duly audited and verified by affidavit and a copy thereof shall be furnished the
Secretary of Labor and Employment;

(m) The books of accounts and other records of the financial activities of any labor organization shall be
opened to inspection by any officer or member thereof during office hours;

(n) No special assessment or other extraordinary fees may be levied upon the members of a labor
organization unless authorized by a written resolution of a majority of all the members at a general
membership meeting duly called for the purpose. The secretary of the organization shall record the minutes
of the meeting including the list of all members present, the votes cast, the purpose of the special
assessment or fees and the recipient of such assessment or fees. The record shall be attested to by the
president;

(o) Other than for mandatory activities under the Code, no special assessment, attorney's fees, negotiation
fees or any other extraordinary fees may be checked off from any amount due an employee without an
individual written authorization duly signed by the employee. The authorization should specifically state the
amount, purpose and beneficiary of the deduction; and

(p) It shall be the duty of any labor organization and its officers to inform its members on the provisions of
its constitution and by-laws, collective bargaining agreement, the prevailing labor relations system and all
their rights and obligations under existing labor laws.

For this purpose, registered labor organizations may assess reasonable dues to finance labor relations
seminars and other labor education activities.

Any violation of the above rights and conditions of membership shall be a ground for cancellation of union
registration or expulsion of an officer from office, whichever is appropriate. At least thirty (30%) per cent of all the
members of a union or any member or members specifically concerned may report such violation to the Bureau.
The Bureau shall have the power to hear and decide any reported violation and to mete appropriate penalty.

Criminal and civil liabilities arising from violations of above rights and conditions of membership shall continue to
be under the jurisdiction of ordinary courts.

Chapter 3
RIGHTS OF LEGITIMATE LABOR ORGANIZATIONS
Article 242. Rights of legitimate labor organizations. A legitimate labor organization shall have the right:

(a) To act as the representative of its members for the purpose of collective bargaining;

(b) To be certified as the exclusive representative of all the employees in an appropriate collective
bargaining unit for purposes of collective bargaining;

(c) To be furnished by the employer, upon written request, with his annual audited financial statements,
including the balance sheet and the profit and loss statement, within thirty (30) calendar days from the date
of receipt of the request, after the union has been duly recognized by the employer or certified as the sole
and exclusive bargaining representative of the employees in the bargaining unit, or within sixty (60)
calendar days before the expiration of the existing collective bargaining agreement, or during the collective
bargaining negotiation.

(d) To own property, real or personal, for the use and benefit of the labor organization and its members;

(e) To sue and be sued in its registered name; and

(f) To undertake all other activities designed to benefit the organization and its members, including
cooperative, housing welfare and other projects not contrary to law.

Notwithstanding any provision of a general or special law to the contrary, the income, and the properties of
legitimate labor organizations, including grants, endowments, gifts, donations and contributions they may receive
from fraternal and similar organizations, local or foreign, which are actually, directly and exclusively used for their
lawful purposes, shall be free from taxes, duties, and other assessments. The exemptions provided herein may
be withdrawn only by a special law expressly repealing this provision. (As amended by RA 6715)

Title V
Coverage

Article 243. Coverage and employees' right to self-organization. All persons employed in commercial, industrial
and agricultural enterprises and in religious, charitable, medical or educational institutions whether operating for
profit or not, shall have the right to self-organization and to form, join or assist labor organizations of their own
choosing for purposes of collective bargaining. Ambulant, intermittent and itinerant workers, self-employed
people, rural workers and those without any definite employers may form labor organizations for the purpose of
enhancing and defending their interests and for their mutual aid and protection.

Article 244. Right of employees in the public service. Employees of government corporations established under
the Corporation Code shall have the right to organize and to bargain collectively with their respective employers.
All other employees in the civil service shall have the right to form associations for purposes not contrary to law.

Article 245. Ineligibility of managerial employees to join any labor organization; right of supervisory employees.
Managerial employees are not eligible to join, assist or form any labor organization. Supervisory employees shall
not be eligible for membership in a labor organization of the rank-and-file employees but may join, assist or form
separate labor organizations of their own. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 246. Non-abridgement of right to self-organization. It shall be unlawful for any person to restrain, coerce,
discriminate against or unduly interfere with employees and workers in their exercise of the right to self-
organization. Such right shall include the right to form, join, or assist labor organizations for the purpose of
collective bargaining through representatives of their own choosing and to engage in lawful aid and protection,
subject to the provisions of Article 246 of this Code.

Title VI
Unfair Labor Practices

Chapter 1
CONCEPT

Article 247. Concept of unfair labor practice and procedure for prosecution thereof. Unfair labor practices violate
the constitutional right of workers and employees to self-organization, are inimical to the legitimate interests of
both labor and management, including their right to bargain collectively and otherwise deal with each other in an
atmosphere of freedom and mutual respect, disrupt industrial peace and hinder the promotion of healthy and
stable labor-management relations.

Consequently, unfair labor practices are not only violations of the civil rights of both labor and management but
are also criminal offenses against the State which shall be subject to prosecution and punishment as herein
provided.

Subject to the exercise by the President or by the Secretary of Labor and Employment of the powers vested in
them by Articles 263 and 264 of this Code, the civil aspects of all cases involving unfair labor practices, which may
include claims for actual, moral, exemplary and other forms of damages, attorney's fees and other affirmative
relief, shall be under the jurisdiction of the Labor Arbiters. The Labor Arbiters shall give utmost priority to the
hearing and resolution of all cases involving unfair labor practices. They shall resolve such cases within thirty (30)
calendar days from the time they are submitted for decision. (As amended by RA 6715)

Recovery of civil liability in the administrative proceedings shall bar recovery under the Civil Code.
Recovery of civil liability in the administrative proceedings shall bar recovery under the Civil Code.

No criminal prosecution under this Title may be instituted without a final judgment, finding that an unfair labor
practice was committed, having been first obtained in the administrative proceeding referred to in the preceding
paragraph. During the pendency of such administrative proceeding, the running of the period of prescription of
the criminal offense herein penalized shall be considered interrupted: Provided, however, That the final judgment
in the administrative proceedings shall not be binding in the criminal case nor be considered as evidence of guilt
but merely as proof of compliance with the requirements herein set forth.

Chapter 2
UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES OF EMPLOYERS

Article 248. Unfair labor practices of employers. It shall be unlawful for an employer to commit any of the
following unfair labor practices:

(a) To interfere with, restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their right to self-organization; lawphi1.net

(b) To require as a condition for employment that a person or an employee shall not join a labor
organization or shall withdraw from one to which he belongs;

(c) To contract out services or functions being performed by union members when such will interfere with,
restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their right to self-organization; lawphi1.net

(d) To initiate, dominate, assist or otherwise interfere with the formation or administration of any labor
organization, including the giving of financial or other support to it or its organizers or officers;

(e) To discriminate in regard to hire or tenure of employment or any term or condition of employment in
order to encourage or discourage membership in any labor organization. Nothing in this Code or in any
other law shall prevent the parties from requiring membership in a recognized collective bargaining agent
as a condition for employment, except of those employees who are already members of another union at
the time of the signing of the collective bargaining agreement. Employees belonging to an appropriate
collective bargaining unit who are not members of the recognized collective bargaining agent may be
assessed a reasonable fee equivalent to the dues and other fees paid by members of the recognized
collective bargaining agent, if such non-union members accept the benefits under the collective agreement:
Provided, That the individual authorization required under Article 242, paragraph (o), of this Code shall not
apply to non-members of the recognized collective bargaining agent;

(f) To dismiss, discharge or otherwise prejudice or discriminate against an employee for having given or
being about to give testimony under this Code;

(g) To violate the duty to bargain collectively as prescribed by this Code;

(h) To pay negotiation or attorney's fees to the union or its officers or agents as part of the settlement of
any issue in collective bargaining or any other dispute; or

(i) To violate a collective bargaining agreement.

The provisions of the preceding paragraph notwithstanding, only the officers and agents of corporations,
associations, or partnerships who have actually participated in, authorized or ratified unfair labor practices shall
be held criminally liable.

Chapter 3
UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES OF LABOR ORGANIZATIONS/P>

Article 249. Unfair labor practices of labor organizations. It shall be unlawful for labor organization, its officers,
agents, or representatives to commit any of the following unfair labor practices;

(a) To restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their right to self-organization: Provided, That the
labor organization shall have the right to prescribe its own rules with respect to the acquisition or retention
of membership;

(b) To cause or attempt to cause an employer to discriminate against an employee, including discrimination
against an employee with respect to whom membership in such organization has been denied or
terminated on any ground other than the usual terms and conditions under which membership or
continuation of membership is made available to other members;

(c) To violate the duty or refuse to bargain collectively with the employer, provided that it is the
representative of the employees;

(d) To cause or attempt to cause an employer to pay or deliver or agree to pay or deliver any money or
other things of value, in the nature of an exaction, for services which are not performed or not to be
performed, including the demand for a fee for union negotiations;

(e) To ask for or accept negotiation or attorney's fees from employers as part of the settlement of any issue
in collective bargaining or any other dispute; or
 in collective bargaining or any other dispute; or

(f) To violate a collective bargaining agreement.

The provisions of the preceding paragraph notwithstanding, only the officers, members of governing boards,
representatives or agents or members of labor associations or organizations who have actually participated in,
authorized or ratified unfair labor practices shall be held criminally liable.

Title VII
Collective Bargaining and Administration of Agreements

Article 250. Procedure in collective bargaining. The following procedures shall be observed in collective
bargaining:

(a) When a party desires to negotiate an agreement, it shall serve a written notice upon the other party with
a statement of its proposals. The other party shall make a reply thereto not later than ten (10) calendar
days from receipt of such notice;

(b) Should differences arise on the basis of such notice and reply, either party may request for a
conference which shall begin not later than ten (10) calendar days from the date of request;

(c) If the dispute is not settled, the Board shall intervene upon request of either or both parties or at its own
initiative and immediately call the parties to conciliation meetings. The Board shall have the power to issue
subpoenas requiring the attendance of the parties to such meetings. It shall be the duty of the parties to
participate fully and promptly in the conciliation meetings the Board may call.

(d) During the conciliation proceedings in the Board, the parties are prohibited from doing any act which
may disrupt or impede the early settlement of the disputes; and

(e) The Board shall exert all efforts to settle disputes amicably and encourage the parties to submit their
case to a voluntary arbitrator.

Article 251. Duty to bargain collectively in the absence of collective bargaining agreements. In the absence of an
agreement or other voluntary arrangement providing for a more expeditious manner of collective bargaining, it
shall be the duty of the employer and the representatives of the employees to bargain collectively in accordance
with the provisions of this Code.

Article 252. Meaning of duty to bargain collectively. The duty to bargain collectively means the performance of a
mutual obligation to meet and convene promptly and expeditiously in good faith for the purpose of negotiating an
agreement with respect to wages, hours of work and all other terms and any grievances or questions arising
under such agreement and executing a contract incorporating such agreements if requested by either party, but
such duty does not compel any party to agree to a proposal or to make any concession.

Article 253. Duty to bargain collectively when there exists a collective bargaining agreement. When there is a
collective bargaining agreement, the duty to bargain collectively shall also mean that neither party shall terminate
or modify such agreement during its lifetime. However, either party can serve a written notice to terminate or
modify the agreement at least sixty (60) days prior to its expiration date. It shall be the duty of both parties to keep
the status quo and to continue in full force and effect the term and conditions of the existing agreement during the
60-day period and/or until a new agreement is reached by the parties.

Article 253-A. Terms of a collective bargaining agreement. Any collective bargaining agreement that the parties
may enter into shall, insofar as the representation aspect is concerned, be for a term of five (5) years. No petition
questioning the majority status of the incumbent bargaining agent shall be entertained and no certification election
shall be conducted by the Department of Labor and Employment outside of the sixty-day period immediately
before the date of expiry of such five year term of the collective bargaining agreement. All other provisions of the
collective bargaining agreement shall be renegotiated not later than three (3) years after its execution. Any
agreement on such other provisions of the collective bargaining agreement entered into within six (6) months
from the date of expiry of the term of such other provisions as fixed in the collective bargaining agreement, shall
retroact to the day immediately following such date. If any such agreement is entered into beyond six months, the
parties shall agree on the duration of retroactivity thereof. In case of a deadlock in the renegotiation of the
collective bargaining agreement, the parties may exercise their rights under this Code. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 254. Injunction prohibited. No temporary or permanent injunction or restraining order in any case involving
or growing out of labor disputes shall be issued by any court or other entity, except as otherwise provided in
Articles 218 and 264 of this Code. (As amended by BP Blg. 227)

Article 255. Exclusive bargaining representation and workers' participation in policy and decision-making. The
labor organization designated or selected by the majority of the employees in an appropriate collective bargaining
unit shall be the exclusive representative of the employee in such unit for the purpose of collective bargaining.
However, an individual employee or group of employees shall have the right at any time to present grievances to
their employer.

Any provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, workers shall have the right, subject to such rules and
regulations as the Secretary of Labor and Employment may promulgate, to participate in policy and decision-
making processes of the establishment where they are employed insofar as said processes will directly affect their
rights, benefits and welfare. For this purpose, workers and employers may form labor-management councils:
rights, benefits and welfare. For this purpose, workers and employers may form labor-management councils:
Provided, That the representatives of the workers in such labor-management councils shall be elected by at least
the majority of all employees in said establishment. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 256. Representation issue in organized establishments. In organized establishments, when a verified
petition questioning the majority status of the incumbent bargaining agent is filed before the Department of Labor
and Employment within the sixty-day period before the expiration of a collective bargaining agreement, the Med-
Arbiter shall automatically order an election by secret ballot when the verified petition is supported by the written
consent of at least twenty-five percent (25%) of all the employees in the appropriate bargaining unit. To have a
valid election, at least a majority of all eligible voters in the unit must have cast their votes. The labor union
receiving the majority of the valid votes cast shall be certified as the exclusive bargaining agent of all the workers
in the unit. When an election which provides for three or more choices results in no choice receiving a majority of
the valid votes cast, a run-off election shall be conducted between the labor unions receiving the two highest
number of votes: Provided, That the total number of votes for all contending unions is at least fifty percent (50%)
of the number of votes cast.

At the expiration of the freedom period, the employer shall continue to recognize the majority status of the
incumbent bargaining agent where no petition for certification is filed. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 257. Petitions in unorganized establishments. In any establishment where there is no certified bargaining
agent, a certification election shall automatically be conducted by the Med-Arbiter upon the filing of a petition by a
legitimate labor organization. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 258. When an employer may file petition. When requested to bargain collectively, an employer may
petition the Bureau for an election. If there is no existing certified collective bargaining agreement in the unit, the
Bureau shall, after hearing, order a certification election.

All certification cases shall be decided within 20 working days.

The Bureau shall conduct a certification election within 20 days in accordance with the rules and regulations
prescribed by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Article 259. Appeal from certification election orders. Any party to an election may appeal the order or results of
the election as determined by the Med-Arbiter directly to the Secretary of Labor and Employment on the ground
that the rules and regulations or parts thereof established by the Secretary of Labor and Employment for the
conduct of the election have been violated. Such appeal shall be decided within fifteen (15) calendar days. (As
amended by RA 6715)

Title VII-A
Grievance Machinery and Voluntary Arbitration

Article 260. Grievance machinery and voluntary arbitration. The parties to a collective bargaining agreement shall
include therein provisions that will ensure the mutual observance of its terms and conditions. They shall establish
a machinery for the adjustment and resolution of grievances arising from the interpretation or implementation of
their collective bargaining agreement and those arising from the interpretation or enforcement of company

personnel policies.

All grievances submitted to the grievance machinery which are not settled within seven (7) calendar days from the
date of its submission shall automatically be referred to voluntary arbitration prescribed in the collective
bargaining agreement.

For this purpose, parties to a collective bargaining agreement shall name and designate in advance a voluntary
arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators, or include in the agreement a procedure for the selection of such
voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators, preferably from the listing of qualified voluntary arbitrators
duly accredited by the Board. In case the parties fail to select a voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary
arbitrators, the Board shall designate the voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators, as may be
necessary, pursuant to the selection procedure agreed upon in the collective bargaining agreement, which shall
act with the same force and effects as if the voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators have been
selected by the parties as described above. (As added by RA 6715)

Article 261. Jurisdiction of voluntary arbitrators and panel of voluntary arbitrators. The voluntary arbitrator or
panel of voluntary arbitrators shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction to hear and decide all unresolved
grievances arising from the interpretation or implementation of the collective bargaining agreement and those
arising from the interpretation or enforcement of company personnel policies referred to in the immediately
preceding Article. Accordingly, violations of a collective bargaining agreement, except those which are gross in
character, shall no longer be treated as unfair labor practice and shall be resolved as grievances under the
collective bargaining agreement. For purposes of this Article, gross violations of a collective bargaining agreement
shall mean flagrant and/or malicious refusal to comply with the economic provisions of such agreement.

The Commission, its Regional Offices and the Regional Directors of the Department of Labor and Employment
shall not entertain disputes, grievances or matters under the exclusive and original jurisdiction of the voluntary
arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators and shall immediately dispose and refer the same to the grievance
machinery or voluntary arbitration provided in the collective bargaining agreement. (As added by RA 6715)

Article 262. Jurisdiction over other labor disputes. The voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators, upon
Article 262. Jurisdiction over other labor disputes. The voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators, upon
agreement of the parties, shall also hear and decide all other labor disputes including unfair labor practices and
bargaining deadlocks. (As added by RA 6715)

Article 262-A. Procedures. The voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators shall have the power to hold
hearings, receive evidences and take whatever action is necessary to resolve the issue or issues subject of the
dispute, including efforts to effect a voluntary settlement between parties.

All parties to the dispute shall be entitled to attend the arbitration proceedings. The attendance of any third party
or the exclusion of any witness from the proceedings shall be determined by the voluntary arbitrator or panel of
voluntary arbitrators. Hearings may be adjourned for cause or upon agreement by the parties.

Unless the parties agree otherwise, it shall be mandatory for the voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary
arbitrators to render an award or decision within twenty (20) calendar days from the date of submission of the
dispute to voluntary arbitration.

The award or decision of the voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators shall contain the facts and the
law on which it is based. It shall be final and executory after ten (10) calendar days from receipt of the copy of the
award or decision by the parties.

Upon motion of any interested party, the voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators or the Labor Arbiter
in the region where the movant resides, in case of the absence or incapacity of the voluntary arbitrator or panel of
voluntary arbitrators for any reason, may issue a writ of execution requiring either the sheriff of the Commission or
regular courts or any public official whom the parties may designate in the submission agreement to execute the
final decision, order or award. (As added by RA 6715)

Article 262-B. Cost of voluntary arbitration and voluntary arbitrator's fee. The parties to a collective bargaining
agreement shall provide therein a proportionate sharing scheme on the cost of voluntary arbitration including the
voluntary arbitrator's fee. The fixing of fee of voluntary arbitrators or panel of voluntary arbitrators, whether
shouldered wholly by the parties or subsidized by the Special Voluntary Arbitration Fund, shall take into account
the following factors:

(a) Nature of the case;

(b) Time consumed in hearing the case;

(c) Professional standing of the voluntary arbitrator;

(d) Capacity to pay of the parties; and

(e) Fees provided for in the Revised Rules of Court. (As added by RA 6715)

Title VIII
Strikes and Lockouts and Foreign Involvement in Trade Union Activities

Chapter 1
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS

Article 263. Strikes, picketing and lockouts. (a) It is the policy of the State to encourage free trade unionism and
free collective bargaining.

(b) Workers shall have the right to engage in concerted activities for purposes of collective bargaining or for
their mutual benefit and protection. The right of legitimate labor organizations to strike and picket and of
employers to lockout, consistent with the national interest, shall continue to be recognized and respected.
However, no labor union may strike and no employer may declare a lockout on grounds involving inter-
union and intra-union disputes.

(c) In cases of bargaining deadlock, the duly certified or recognized bargaining agent may file a notice of
strike or the employer may file a notice of lockout with the Department at least thirty (30) days before the
intended date thereof. In cases of unfair labor practice, the period of notice shall be fifteen (15) days and in
the absence of a duly certified or recognized bargaining agent, the notice of strike may be filed by any
legitimate labor organization in behalf of its members. However, in case of dismissal from employment of
union officers duly elected in accordance with the union constitution and by-laws, which may constitute
union busting where the existence of the union is threatened, the 15-day cooling-off period shall not apply
and the union may take action immediately.

(d) The notice must be in accordance with such implementing rules and regulations as the Secretary of
Labor and Employment may promulgate.

(e) During the cooling-off period, it shall be the duty of the Department to exert all efforts at mediation and
conciliation to effect a voluntary settlement. Should the dispute remain unsettled until the lapse of the
requisite number of days from the mandatory filing of the notice, the labor union may strike or the employer
may declare a lockout.

(f) A decision to declare a strike must be approved by a majority of the total union membership in the
bargaining unit concerned, obtained by secret ballot in meetings or referenda called for that purpose. A
 bargaining unit concerned, obtained by secret ballot in meetings or referenda called for that purpose. A
decision to declare a lockout must be approved by majority of the board of directors of the corporation or
association or of the partners in a partnership, obtained by secret ballot in a meeting called for that
purpose. The decision shall be valid for the duration of the dispute based on substantially the same
grounds considered when the strike or lockout vote was taken. The Department may, at its own initiative or
upon the request of any affected party, supervise the conduct of the secret balloting. In every case, the
union or the employer shall furnish the Department the results of the voting at least seven days before the
intended strike or lockout, subject to the cooling-off period herein provided.

(g) When, in his opinion, there exists a labor dispute causing or likely to cause a strike or lockout in an
industry indispensable to the national interest, the Secretary of Labor and Employment may assume
jurisdiction over the dispute and decide it or certify the same to the Commission for compulsory arbitration.
Such assumption or certification shall have the effect of automatically enjoining the intended or impending
strike or lockout as specified in the assumption or certification order. If one has already taken place at the
time of assumption or certification, all striking or locked out employees shall immediately return to work and
the employer shall immediately resume operations and readmit all workers under the same terms and
conditions prevailing before the strike or lockout. The Secretary of Labor and Employment or the
Commission may seek the assistance of law enforcement agencies to ensure compliance with this provision
as well as with such orders as he may issue to enforce the same.

In line with the national concern for and the highest respect accorded to the right of patients to life and health,
strikes and lockouts in hospitals, clinics and similar medical institutions shall, to every extent possible, be avoided,
and all serious efforts, not only by labor and management but government as well, be exhausted to substantially
minimize, if not prevent, their adverse effects on such life and health, through the exercise, however legitimate, by
labor of its right to strike and by management to lockout. In labor disputes adversely affecting the continued
operation of such hospitals, clinics or medical institutions, it shall be the duty of the striking union or locking-out
employer to provide and maintain an effective skeletal workforce of medical and other health personnel, whose
movement and services shall be unhampered and unrestricted, as are necessary to insure the proper and
adequate protection of the life and health of its patients, most especially emergency cases, for the duration of the
strike or lockout. In such cases, therefore, the Secretary of Labor and Employment may immediately assume,
within twenty four (24) hours from knowledge of the occurrence of such a strike or lockout, jurisdiction over the
same or certify it to the Commission for compulsory arbitration. For this purpose, the contending parties are
strictly enjoined to comply with such orders, prohibitions and/or injunctions as are issued by the Secretary of
Labor and Employment or the Commission, under pain of immediate disciplinary action, including dismissal or
loss of employment status or payment by the locking-out employer of backwages, damages and other affirmative
relief, even criminal prosecution against either or both of them.

The foregoing notwithstanding, the President of the Philippines shall not be precluded from determining the
industries that, in his opinion, are indispensable to the national interest, and from intervening at any time and
assuming jurisdiction over any labor dispute in such industries in order to settle or terminate the same.

(h) Before or at any stage of the compulsory arbitration process, the parties may opt to submit their dispute to
voluntary arbitration.

(i) The Secretary of Labor and Employment, the Commission or the voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary
arbitrators shall decide or resolve the dispute within thirty (30) calendar days from the date of the assumption of
jurisdiction or the certification or submission of the dispute, as the case may be. The decision of the President, the
Secretary of Labor and Employment, the Commission or the voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators
shall be final and executory ten (10) calendar days after receipt thereof by the parties. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 264. Prohibited activities. (a) No labor organization or employer shall declare a strike or lockout without
first having bargained collectively in accordance with Title VII of this Book or without first having filed the notice
required in the preceding Article or without the necessary strike or lockout vote first having been obtained and
reported to the Department.

No strike or lockout shall be declared after assumption of jurisdiction by the President or the Secretary or after
certification or submission of the dispute to compulsory or voluntary arbitration or during the pendency of cases
involving the same grounds for the strike or lockout.

Any worker whose employment has been terminated as a consequence of an unlawful lockout shall be entitled to
reinstatement with full backwages. Any union officer who knowingly participates in the commission of illegal acts
during a strike may be declared to have lost his employment right: Provided, That mere participation of a worker
in a lawful strike shall not constitute sufficient ground for termination of his employment, even if a replacement
had been hired by the employer during such lawful strike.

(b) No person shall obstruct, impede or interfere with by force, violence, coercion, threats or intimidation
any peaceful picketing by employees during any labor controversy or in the exercise of the right of self-
organization or collective bargaining or shall aid or abet such obstruction or interference.

(c) No employer shall use or employ any strike-breaker nor shall any person be employed as a strike-
breaker.

(d) No public official or employee, including officers and personnel of the New Armed Forces of the
Philippines or the Integrated National Police, or armed persons, shall bring in, introduce or escort in any
manner, any individual who seeks to replace strikers in entering or leaving the premises of a strike area, or
work in place of the strikers. The police force shall keep out of the picket lines unless actual violence or
 work in place of the strikers. The police force shall keep out of the picket lines unless actual violence or
other criminal acts occur therein: Provided, That nothing herein shall be interpreted to prevent any public
officers from taking any measure necessary to maintain peace and order, protect life and property, and/or
enforce the law and legal order.

(e) No person engaged in picketing shall commit any act of violence, coercion or intimidation or obstruct the
free ingress to or egress from the employer's premises for lawful purposes, or obstruct public
thoroughfares.

Article 265. Improved offer balloting. In an effort to settle a strike, the Department of Labor and Employment shall
conduct a referendum by secret balloting on the improved offer of the employer on or before the 30th day of the
strike. When at least a majority of the union members vote to accept the improved offer, the striking workers shall
immediately return to work and the employer shall thereupon readmit them upon the signing of the agreement.

In case of a lockout, the Department of Labor and Employment shall also conduct a referendum by secret
balloting on the reduced offer of the union on or before the 30th day of the lockout. When at least a majority of the
board of directors or trustees or the partners holding the controlling interest in the case of a partnership vote to
accept the reduced offer, the workers shall immediately return to work and the employer shall thereupon readmit
them upon the signing of the agreement. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 266. Requirement for arrest and detention. Except on grounds of national security and public peace, no
union members or union organizers may be arrested or detained for union activities without previous
consultations with the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Chapter 2
ASSISTANCE TO LABOR ORGANIZATIONS

Article 267. Assistance by the Department of Labor and Employment. The Department of Labor and
Employment, at the initiative of the Secretary of Labor and Employment, shall extend special assistance to the
organization for purposes of collective bargaining of the most underprivileged workers who, for reasons of
occupation, organizational structure or insufficient incomes are not normally covered by major labor organizations
or federations.

Article 268. Assistance by the Institute for Labor Studies. The Institute for Labor Studies shall render technical
and other forms of assistance to labor educations and employer organizations in the field of labor education,
especially pertaining to collective bargaining, arbitration, labor standards and the Labor Code of the Philippines in
general.

Chapter 3
FOREIGN ACTIVITIES

Article 269. Prohibition against aliens; Exceptions. All alien, natural or juridical, as well as all foreign organizations
are strictly prohibited from engaging directly or indirectly in all forms of trade union activities without prejudice to
normal contacts between Philippine labor unions and recognized international labor centers: Provided, however,
That aliens working in the country with valid permits issued by the Department of Labor and Employment may
exercise the right to self-organization and join or assist labor organizations of their own choosing for purposes of
collective bargaining: Provided, further, That said aliens are nationals of a country which grants the same or
similar rights to Filipino workers. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 270. Regulation of foreign assistance. No foreign individual, organization or entity may give any donations,
grants or other forms of assistance, in cash or in kind, directly or indirectly, to any labor organization, group of
workers or any auxiliary thereof, such as cooperatives, credit unions and institutions engaged in research,
education or communication, in relation to trade union activities without prior permission by the Secretary of Labor
and Employment.

This prohibition shall equally apply to foreign donations, grants or other forms of assistance, in cash or in kind,
given directly or indirectly to any employer or employer's organization to support any activity or activities affecting
trade unions.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall promulgate rules and regulations to regulate and control the giving
and receiving of such donations, grants, or other forms of assistance, including the mandatory reporting of
amounts of donations or grants, the specific recipients thereof, the projects or activities proposed to be supported
and their duration.

Article 270-A. "Trade union activities" shall mean:

(1) Organization, formation and administration of labor organizations.

(2) Negotiations and administration of collective bargaining agreements;

(3) All forms of concerted union action; lawphi1.net

(4) Organizing, managing or assisting union conventions, meetings, rallies, referenda, teach-ins, seminars,
conferences and institutes;
 (5) Any form of participation or involvement in representing proceedings, representation elections, consent
elections, union elections; and

(6) Other activities or actions analogous to the foregoing.

Article 271. Applicability to farm tenants and rural workers. The provisions of this Title pertaining to foreign
organizations and activities shall be deemed applicable to all organizations of farm tenants, rural workers and the
like, provided that in appropriate cases the Secretary of Agrarian Reform shall exercise the powers and
responsibilities vested by this Decree in the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Chapter 4
PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION

Article 272. Penalties. (a) Any person violating any of the provisions of Article 264 of this Code shall be punished
by a fine of not less than one thousand pesos (P1,000.00) nor more than ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00)
and/or imprisonment for not less than three (3) months nor more than three (3) years, or both such fine and
imprisonment, at the discretion of the court. Prosecution under this provision shall preclude prosecution for the
same act under the Revised Penal Code, and vice versa. (As amended by RA 6715)

(b) Upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Labor and Employment and the Secretary of National
Defense, foreigners who violate the provisions of this Title shall be subject to immediate and summary
deportation by the Commission on Immigration and Deportation and shall be permanently barred from re-
entering the country without the special permission of the President of the Philippines.

Title IX
Special Provisions

Article 273. Study of labor-management relations. The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall have the power
and it shall be his duty to inquire into:

(a) The existing relations between employers and employees in the Philippines;

(b) The growth of associations of employees and the effect of such associations upon employer-employee
relations;

(c) The extent and results of the methods of collective bargaining in the determination of terms and
conditions of employment;

(d) The methods which have been tried by employers and associations of employees for maintaining
mutually satisfactory relations;

(e) Desirable industrial practices which have been developed through collective bargaining for settling
differences;

(f) The possible ways of increasing the usefulness and efficiency of collective bargaining for settling
differences;

(g) The possibilities for the adoption of practical and effective methods of labor-management cooperation; lawphi1.net

(h) Any other aspects of employer-employee relations concerning the promotion of harmony and
understanding between the parties; and

(i) The relevance of labor laws and labor relations to national development.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall also inquire into the causes of industrial unrest and take all the
necessary steps within his powers as may be prescribed by law to alleviate the same, and shall from time to time
recommend the enactment of such remedial legislation as in his judgment may be desirable for the maintenance
and promotion of industrial peace.

Article 274. Visitorial power. The Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized representative is

hereby empowered to inquire into the financial activities of legitimate labor organizations upon the filing of a
complainant under oath and duly supported by the written consent of at least twenty percent (20%) of the total
membership of the labor organization concerned and to examine their books of accounts and other records to
determine compliance or non-compliance with the law and to prosecute any violations of the law and the union
constitution and by-laws: Provided, That such inquiry or examination shall not be conducted during the sixty (60)
day freedom period nor within thirty (30) days immediately preceding the date of election of union officials. (As
amended by RA 6715)

Article 275. Tripartism and tripartite conferences. (a) Tripartism in labor relations is hereby declared a State
policy. Towards this end, workers and employers shall, as far as practicable, be represented in decision and
policy-making bodies of the government.

(b) The Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized representatives may from time to time
call a national, regional, or industrial tripartite conference of representatives of government, workers and
 call a national, regional, or industrial tripartite conference of representatives of government, workers and
employers for the consideration and adoption of voluntary codes of principles designed to promote
industrial peace based on social justice or to align labor movement relations with established priorities in
economic and social development. In calling such conference, the Secretary of Labor and Employment may
consult with accredited representatives of workers and employers. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 276. Government employees. The terms and conditions of employment of all government employees,
including employees of government-owned and controlled corporations, shall be governed by the Civil Service
Law, rules and regulations. Their salaries shall be standardized by the National Assembly as provided for in the
new constitution. However, there shall be no reduction of existing wages, benefits and other terms and conditions
of employment being enjoyed by them at the time of the adoption of this Code.

Article 277. Miscellaneous provisions. (a) All unions are authorized to collect reasonable membership fees, union
dues, assessments and fines and other contributions for labor education and research, mutual death and
hospitalization benefits, welfare fund, strike fund and credit and cooperative undertakings. (As amended by RA
6715)

(b) Subject to the constitutional right of workers to security of tenure and their right to be protected against
dismissal except for a just or authorized cause and without prejudice to the requirement of notice under
Article 283 of this Code, the employer shall furnish the workers whose employment is so sought to be
terminated a written notice containing a statement of the cause for termination and shall afford the latter
ample opportunity to be heard and to defend himself with the assistance of his representative if he so
desires in accordance with company rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to guidelines set by the
Department of Labor and Employment. Any decision taken by employer shall be without prejudice to the
right of the worker to contest the validity or legality of his dismissal by filing a complaint with the regional
branch of the National Labor Relations Commission. The burden of proving that the termination was for a
valid or authorized cause shall rest on the employer. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may
suspend the effects of the termination pending resolution of the dispute in the event of a prima facie finding
by the appropriate official of the Department of Labor and Employment before whom such dispute is
pending that the termination may cause a serious labor dispute or is in implementation of a mass lay-off.
(As amended by RA 6715)

(c) Any employee, whether employed for a definite period or not, shall, beginning on his first day of service,
be considered an employee for purposes of membership in any labor union. (As amended by RA 6715)

(d) No docket fee shall be assessed in labor standards disputes. In all other disputes, docket fees may be
assessed against the filing party, provided that in bargaining deadlocks, such fees shall be shared equally
by the negotiating parties.

(e) The Secretary of Labor and Employment and the Secretary of the Budget shall cause to be created or
reclassified in accordance with law such positions as may be necessary to carry out the objectives of this
Code and cause the upgrading of the salaries of the personnel involved in the Labor Relations System of
the Department. Funds needed for this purpose shall be provided out of the Special Activities Fund
appropriated by Batas Pambansa Blg. 80 and from annual appropriation thereafter.

(f) A Special Voluntary Arbitration Fund is hereby established in the Board to subsidize the cost of voluntary
arbitration in cases involving the interpretation and implementation of the collective bargaining agreement,
including the arbitrator's fees, and for such other related purposes to promote and develop voluntary
arbitration. The Board shall administer the Special Voluntary Arbitration Fund in accordance with the
guidelines it may adopt upon the recommendation of the Council, which guidelines shall be subject to the
approval of the Secretary of Labor and Employment. Continuing funds needed for this purpose in the initial
yearly amount of fifteen million pesos (P15,000,000.00) shall be provided in the 1989 and subsequent
annual General Appropriations Acts.

The amount of subsidy in appropriate cases shall be determined by the Board in accordance with
established guidelines issued by it upon the recommendation of the Council.

The fund shall also be utilized for the operation of the Council, the training and education of voluntary
arbitrators, and the promotion and development of a comprehensive voluntary arbitration program. (As
amended by RA 6715)

(g) The Department shall help promote and gradually develop, with the agreement of labor organizations
and employers, labor-management cooperation programs at appropriate levels of the enterprise based on
shared responsibility and mutual respect in order to ensure industrial peace and improvement in
productivity, working conditions and the quality of working life.

(h) In establishments where no legitimate labor organization exists, labor-management committees may be
formed voluntarily by workers and employers for the purpose of promoting industrial peace. The
Department of Labor and Employment shall endeavor to enlighten and educate the workers and employees
on their rights and responsibilities through labor education with emphasis on the policy thrust of this Code.
(As amended by RA 6715)

(i) To ensure speedy labor justice, the periods provided in this Code within which decisions or resolutions of
labor relations cases or matters should be rendered shall be mandatory. For this purpose, a case or matter
shall be deemed submitted for decision or resolution upon the filing of the last pleading or memorandum
 shall be deemed submitted for decision or resolution upon the filing of the last pleading or memorandum
required by the rules of the Commission or by the Commission itself, or the Labor Arbiter or the Director of
the Bureau of Labor Relations or Med-Arbiter, or the Regional Director.

Upon expiration of the corresponding period, a certification stating why a decision or resolution has not been
rendered within the said period shall be issued forthwith by the Chairman of the Commission, the Executive Labor
Arbiter, or the Director of the Bureau of Labor Relations or Med-Arbiter, or the Regional Director, as the case may
be, and a copy thereof served upon the parties.

Despite the expiration of the applicable mandatory period, the aforesaid officials shall, without prejudice to any
liability which may have been incurred as a consequence thereof, see to it that the case or matter shall be
decided or resolved without any further delay. (As amended by RA 6715)

Book Six
POST EMPLOYMENT

Title I
TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

Article 278. Coverage. The provisions of this Title shall apply to all establishments or undertakings, whether for
profit or not.

Article 279. Security of Tenure. In case of regular employment, the employer shall not terminate the services of
an employee except for a just cause or when authorized by this Title. An employee who is unjustly dismissed from
work shall be entitled to reinstatement without loss of seniority rights and to his backwages computed from the
time his compensation was withheld from him up to time of his reinstatement. (As amended by RA 6715)

Article 280. Regular and casual employment. The provisions of written agreement to the contrary notwithstanding
and regardless of the oral agreements of the parties, an employment shall be deemed to be regular where the
employee has been engaged to perform activities which are usually necessary or desirable in the usual business
or trade of the employer except where the employment has been fixed for a specific project or undertaking, the
completion or termination of which has been determined at the time of the engagement of the employee or where
the work or service to be performed is seasonal in nature and the employment is for the duration of the season.

An employment shall be deemed to be casual if it is not covered by the preceding paragraph: Provided, That any
employee who has rendered at least one year of service, whether such service is continuous or broken, shall be
considered a regular employee with respect to the activity in which he is employed and his employment shall
continue while such activity exists.
Article 281. Probationary employment. Probationary employment shall not exceed six months from the date the
employee started working, unless it is covered by an apprenticeship agreement stipulating a longer period. The
services of an employee who has been engaged on a probationary basis may be terminated for a just cause or
when he fails to qualify as a regular employee in accordance with reasonable standards made known by the
employer to the employee at the time of his engagement. An employee who is allowed to work after a
probationary period shall be considered a regular employee.

Article 282. Termination by employer. An employer may terminate an employment for any of the following just
causes:

(a) Serious misconduct or willful disobedience by the employee of the lawful orders of his employer or
representative in connection with his work;

(b) Gross and habitual neglect by the employee of his duties;

(c) Fraud or willful breach by the employee of the trust reposed in him by his employer or duly authorized
representative;

(d) Commission of a crime or offense by the employee against the person of his employer or any
immediate member of his family or his duly authorized representative; and

(e) Other causes analogous to the foregoing.

Article 283. Closure of establishment and reduction of personnel. The employer may also terminate the
employment of any employee due to the installation of labor-saving devices, redundancy, retrenchment to prevent
losses or the closing or cessation of operation of the establishment or undertaking unless the closing is for the
purpose of circumventing the provisions of this title, by serving a written notice on the workers and the
Department of Labor and Employment at least one (1) month before the intended date thereof. In case of
termination due to the installation of labor-saving devices or redundancy, the worker affected thereby shall be
entitled to a separation pay equivalent to at least one (1) month pay or to at least one (1) month pay for every
year of service, whichever is higher. In case of retrenchment to prevent losses and in cases of closures or
cessation of operations of establishment or undertaking not due to serious business losses or financial reverses,
the separation pay shall be equivalent to one (1) month pay or at least one-half (1/2) month pay for every year of
service, whichever is higher. A fraction of at least six (6) months shall be considered one (1) whole year.

Article 284. Disease as ground for termination. An employer may terminate the services of an employee who has
been found to be suffering from any disease and whose continued employment is prohibited by law or is
prejudicial to his health as well as the health of his co-employees: Provided, That he is paid separation pay
prejudicial to his health as well as the health of his co-employees: Provided, That he is paid separation pay
equivalent to at least one month salary or to one-half month salary for every year of service, whichever is greater,
a fraction of at least six months being considered as one whole year.

Article 285. Termination by employee. (a) An employee may terminate without just cause the employee-employer
relationship by serving a written notice on the employer at least one month in advance. The employer upon whom
no such notice was served may hold the employee liable for damages.

(b) An employee may put an end to the relationship without serving any notice on the employer for any of the
following just causes:

(1) Serious insult by the employer or his representative on the honor and person of the employee;

(2) Inhuman and unbearable treatment accorded the employee by the employer or his representative;

(3) Commission of a crime or offense by the employer or his representative against the person of the
employee or any of the immediate members of his family; and

(4) Other causes analogous to any of the foregoing.

Article 286. When employment not deemed terminated. The bonafide suspension of the operation of a business
or undertaking for a period not exceeding six months, or the fulfillment by the employee of a military or civic duty
shall not terminate employment. In all such cases, the employer shall not reinstate the employee to his former
position without loss of seniority rights if he indicates his desire to resume his work not later than one month from
the resumption of operations of his employer or from his relief from the military or civic duty.

Title II
Retirement from the Service

Article 287. Retirement. Any employee may be retired upon reaching the retirement age established in the
collective bargaining agreement or other applicable employment contract.

In case of retirement, the employer shall be entitled to receive such retirement benefits as he may have earned
under existing laws and any collective bargaining or other agreement.

Book Seven
PENAL PROVISIONS, PRESCRIPTIONS, TRANSITORY AND FINAL PROVISIONS

Title I
Penal Provisions and Liabilities

Article 288. Penalties. Except as otherwise provided in this Code, or unless the act complained of hinges on a
question of interpretation or implementation of ambiguous provisions of an existing collective bargaining
agreement any violation of the provisions of this Code declared to be unlawful or penal in nature shall be
punished with a fine of not less than One Thousand Pesos (P1,000.00) nor more than Ten Thousand Pesos
(P10,000.00), or imprisonment of not less than three months nor more than three years, or both such fine and
imprisonment at the discretion of the court.

In addition to such penalty, any alien found guilty shall be summarily deported upon completion of service of
sentence.

Any provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, any criminal offense punished in this Code shall be under the
concurrent jurisdiction of the Municipal or Regional Trial Court.

Article 289. Who are liable when committed by other than natural person. If the offense is committed by a
corporation, trust, firm, partnership, association or any other entity, the penalty shall be imposed upon the guilty
officer or officers of such corporation, trust, firm, partnership, association or entity.

Title II
Prescription of Offenses and Claims

Article 290. Offenses. Offenses penalized under this Code and the rules and regulations issued pursuant thereto
shall prescribe in three years.

All unfair labor practices arising from Book V shall be filed with the appropriate agency within one year from
accrual of such unfair labor practice; otherwise, they shall be forever barred.

Article 291. Money claims. All money claims arising from employer-employee relations accruing during the
effectivity of this Code shall be filed within three years from the time the cause of action accrued; otherwise they
shall be forever barred.

All money claims accruing prior to the effectivity of this Code shall be filed with the appropriate entities established
under this Code within one year from the date of such effectivity, and shall be processed or determined in
accordance with implementing rules and regulations of the Code; otherwise they shall be forever barred.

Workmen's compensation claims accruing prior to the effectivity of this Code and during the period from
November 1, 1974 up to December 31, 1974, shall be filed with the appropriate regional offices of the Department
November 1, 1974 up to December 31, 1974, shall be filed with the appropriate regional offices of the Department
of Labor and Employment not later than March 31, 1975; otherwise they shall be forever barred. These claims
shall be processed and adjudicated in accordance with the law and rules at the time their causes of action
accrued.

Article 292. Institution of money claims. Money claims specified in the immediately preceding Article shall be filed
before the appropriate entity independently of the criminal action that may be instituted in the proper courts.

Pending the final determination of the merits of money claims filed with the appropriate entity, no civil action
arising from the same cause of action shall be filed with any court. This provision shall not apply to employees
compensation cases which shall be processed and determined strictly in accordance with the pertinent provisions
of this Code.

Title III
Transitory and Final Provisions

Article 293. Application of law enacted prior to this Code. All actions or claims accruing prior to the effectivity of
this Code shall be determined in accordance with the laws in force at the time of their accrual.

Article 294. Secretary of Labor and Employment to initiate integration of maternity leave benefits. Within six
months after this Code takes effect, the Secretary of Labor and Employment shall initiate such measures as may
be necessary for the integration of maternity leave benefits into the Social Security System in the case of Private
employment and the Government Service Insurance System in the case of public employment.

Article 295. Funding of the Overseas Employment Development Board and the National Seamen Board. The
Overseas Employment Development Board and the National Seaman Board referred to in Articles 16 and 20,
respectively, of this Code shall initially be funded out of the unprogrammed fund of the Department of Labor and
Employment and the National Manpower and Youth Council.

Article 296.& Termination of the workmen's compensation program.#9; The Bureau of Workmen's
Compensation, Workmen's Compensation Commission, and the Workmen's Compensation Units in the regional
offices of the Department of Labor and Employment shall continue to exercise the functions and the respective
jurisdictions over workmen's compensation cases vested upon them by Rep. Act. No. 3428, as amended,
otherwise known as the Workmen's Compensation Act, until March 31, 1976. Likewise the term of office of
incumbent members of the Workmen's Compensation Commission, including its Chairmen, and any
Commissioner deemed retired as of December 31, 1975 as well as the present employees and officials of the
Bureau of Workmen's Compensation Unit shall continue up to that date. Thereafter, said office shall be
considered abolished and all officials and personnel thereof shall be transferred to and mandatorily absorbed by
the Department of Labor and Employment, subject to Presidential Decree No. 6, Letters of Instructions Nos. 14
and 14-A and the Civil Service Laws and rules.

Such amount as may be necessary to cover the operational expenses of the Bureau of Workmen's
Compensation, the Workmen's Compensation Units, including the salaries of incumbent personnel for the period
up to March 31, 1976 shall be appropriated from the unprogrammed funds of the Department of Labor and
Employment.

Article 297. Continuation of insurance policies and indemnity bonds. All workmen's compensation insurance
policies and indemnity bonds for self-insured employers existing upon the effectivity of this Code shall remain in
force and effect until the expiration dates of such policies or the lapse of the period of such bonds, as the case
may be, but in no case beyond December 31, 1974. Claims may be filed against the insurance carriers and/or
self-insured employers for causes of action which accrued during the existence of said policies or authority to self-
insure.

Article 298. Abolition of the Court of Industrial Relations and the National Labor Relations Commission. The Court
of Industrial Relations and the National Labor Relations Commission established under Presidential Decree No.
21 are hereby abolished. All unexpended funds, properties, equipment and records of the Court of Industrial
Relations, and such of its personnel as may be necessary, are hereby transferred to the Commission and to its
regional branches. All unexpended funds, properties, and equipment of the National Labor Relations Commission
established under Presidential Decree No. 21 are transferred to the Bureau of Labor Relations. Personnel not
absorbed by or transferred to the Commission shall enjoy benefits granted under existing laws.

Article 299. Disposition of pending cases. All cases pending before the Court of Industrial Relations and the
National Labor Relations Commission established under Presidential Decree No. 21 on the date of effectivity of
this Code shall be transferred to and processed by the corresponding Labor Relations Division or the National
Labor Relations Commission created under this Code having cognizance of the same in accordance with the
procedure laid down herein and its implementing rules and regulations. Cases on labor relations on appeal with
the Secretary of Labor and Employment or the Office of the President of the Philippines as of the date of
effectivity of this Code shall remain under their respective jurisdiction and shall be decided in accordance with the
rules and regulations in force at the time of appeal.

All workmen's compensation cases pending before the Workmen's Compensation Units in the regional offices of
the Department of Labor and Employment and those pending before the Workmen's Compensation Commission
as of March 31, 1975, shall be processed and adjudicated in accordance with the law, rules and procedure
existing prior to the effectivity of the Employees' Compensation Commission and State Insurance Fund.
Article 300. Personnel whose services are terminated. Personnel of agencies or any of their subordinate units
whose services are terminated as a result of the implementation of this Code shall enjoy the rights and protection
provided in Sections 5 and 6 of Republic Act numbered fifty-four hundred and thirty-five and such other pertinent
laws, rules and regulations. In any case, no lay-off shall be effected until funds to cover the gratuity and/or
retirement benefits of those laid off are duly certified as available.

Article 301. Separability provisions. If any provision or part of this Code, or the application thereof to any person
or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of this Code, or the application of such provision or part to other
persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.

Article 302. Repealing clause. All labor laws not adopted as part of this Code either directly or by reference are
hereby repealed. All provisions of existing laws, orders, decrees, rules and regulations inconsistent herewith are
likewise repealed.

Done in the City of Manila, this 1st day of May in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and seventy-four.

The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation

*OMNIBUS RULES IMPLEMENTING THE LABOR CODE

PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS

Section 1. Title. These Rules shall be referred to as the "Rules to Implement the Labor Code."

Section 2. Meanings of Terms. Whenever used herein, the words "Code," "Secretary," "Department," "Regional
Office" and "Regional Director" shall respectively mean the Labor Code of the Philippines; the Secretary of Labor
and Employment; the Department of Labor and Employment; Regional Office of the Department and Director of
the Regional Office.

Section 3. Construction. All doubts in the interpretation and implementation of these rules shall be resolved in
favor of labor.

Book One
PRE-EMPLOYMENT

Rule 1
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Section 1. Definition of terms.

(a) "Bureau" means the Bureau of Employment Services.

(b) "NSB" means the National Seamen Board.

(c) "OEDB" means the Overseas Employment Development Board.

(d) "Private recruitment entity" means any person or entity engaged in the recruitment and placement of
workers locally or overseas, without charging, directly or indirectly, any fee whether to the workers or to the
employers.

(e) "Private employment agency" means any person or entity engaged in the recruitment and placement of
workers for a fee which is charged directly to the workers or to the employers, or to both.

(f) "Authority" means a document issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment authorizing a person
or association to engage in recruitment and placement activities as a private recruitment agency.

(g) "License" means a document issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment authorizing a person or
entity to operate a private employment agency.

(h) "Employment permit" means the authority issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment to a non-
resident alien to work in the Philippines or to an employer engaged in business in the Philippines to employ
such alien.

(i) "Beneficiary" means a person designated by a contract worker or seaman employed overseas to receive
his monthly remittance.

(j) "Non-resident alien" means any alien already in the Philippines or seeking admission to the Philippines to
obtain employment in any public or private enterprise.

(k) "Seaman" means any person employed in maritime navigation.

(l) "Understudy" means any qualified Filipino citizen designated by a local employer to be trained by a
foreign national allowed to work in the country by virtue of an employment permit granted to him by the
Secretary of Labor and Employment under an approved understudy training program.

(m) "Recruitment and placement" refers to any act of canvassing, enlisting, contracting, transporting,
utilizing, hiring or procuring workers and includes referrals, contract services, promising or advertising
employment locally or abroad, whether for profit or not: Provided, That any person or entity which in any
manner, offers or promises employment for a fee to two or more persons shall be deemed engaged in
recruitment and placement.

(n) "Foreign exchange earnings" means the earnings abroad of contract workers and seamen or their
recruiters or local employers or agents in terms of US dollars or any other internationally acceptable
currency.

(o) "Remittance" means the amount of the foreign exchange earnings remitted by a contract worker or
seaman to any beneficiary in the Philippines through the Philippine banking system.

(p) "Placement fees" means the amount charged by a private employment agency from an applicant worker
for its services in the recruitment and placement of said worker.

(q) "Mobilization fee" means the amount charged by a licensee or authority holder from its foreign
employer-principal/partner to cover costs of recruitment, processing and documentation of its recruits for
overseas employment.

(r) "Service fee" means the amount charged by a licensee or authority holder from its foreign employer-
principal/partner as payment for actual services rendered in relation to the recruitment and employment of
workers for said principal/partner.

(s) Administration. means the Phil. Overseas Employment Administration.

(t) Administrator. means a private employment or a manning agency as herein defined.

(u) Code. means the Labor Code of the Philippines as amended.

(v) Contracting partner. refers to a foreign party to any service agreement or project contract entered into
by a service contractor or construction contractor.

(w) Contract Worker. means any person working or who has worked overseas under a valid employment
contract and shall include seamen.

(x) Directorate. means the executive body of the Administration composed of its administrators and
Directors.

(y) Director LRO. refers to the Director of the Licensing and Regulation Office.

(z) Director MPDO. refers to the Director of the Market Development and Placement Office.

aa) Director WAAO. refers to the Director of the Worker's Assistance and Adjudication Office.

bb) Employer. refers to any person, partnership or corporation, whether local or foreign directly engaging
the services of the Filipino workers overseas.

cc) Entity. means a private recruitment entity as herein defined.

dd) Governing Board. is the policy making body of the Administration.

ee) Manning Agency. refers to any person or entity duly licensed by the Secretary to recruit seamen for
vessels plying international waters and for related maritime activities.

ff) Name Hire. is a worker who is able to secure employment overseas on his own without the assistance or
participation of any agency or entity.

gg) Non-licensee or Non-holder of Authority. refers to any person, partnership or corporation which has not
been issued a valid license or authority, has been suspended, revoked or cancelled by the Administrator or
Secretary.

hh) One-Stop Processing Center. refers to an inter-agency servicing body designed to facilitate the
employment and subsequent deployment of contract workers for work overseas.

ii) Overseas employment. means employment of a worker outside the Philippines including employment on
board vessels plying international waters, covered by a valid employment contract.

jj) Principal. refers to any foreign person, partnership or corporation hiring Filipino workers through an
agency.

kk) Regional Director. refers to the Directors of the Regional Office of the Department.
 ll) Regional Labor Center or RLC. refers to an overseas field office of the Administration.

Rule II
EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION

Section 1. Powers of the Secretary of Labor and Employment. The Secretary shall have the power and authority
to:

(a) Organize and establish, as the need arises, new public employment offices in addition to or in place of
existing ones for the efficient, systematic and coordinated recruitment and placement of workers for local
and overseas employment.

(b) Organize and establish a nationwide job clearance and information system to inform applicants
registering with a particular employment office of job opportunities in other parts of the country as well as
overseas.

(c) Develop and organize programs that will facilitate occupational, industrial and geographical mobility of
labor and provide assistance in the relocation of workers from one area to another.

(d) Require any person, establishment, organization or institution to submit such employment information
as may be necessary; and

(e) Issue such rules and regulations as may be necessary to regulate and supervise private sector
participation in the recruitment and placement of workers, locally or overseas, in the context of a
comprehensive national employment program.

Section 2. Free placement services. The public employment offices shall provide free placement of workers
applying for both domestic and overseas placement. Applicants shall accomplish appropriate information sheets
and submit such other documents as may be prescribed by the Bureau for the purpose.

Section 3. Placement of workers. Any applicant registering for employment with a public employment office shall
be interviewed to determine his occupational qualifications. The public employment office shall refer him to any
appropriate job for vacancy.

Section 4. Vocational guidance and testing. The public employment offices shall provide adequate vocational
guidance and testing service to persons seeking help in choosing or changing an occupation. Each office shall at
least have one (1) vocational guidance and testing officer to undertake these tasks.

Section 5. Occupational classification of registered applicants. The public employment office shall classify
registered applicants in accordance with job-titles and codes of the Standard Philippine Occupational

Classification. They shall also maintain a registry of skills using such forms as may be appropriate for the
purpose.

Section 6. Occupational-industrial mobility of workers. The public employment offices shall arrange for the
training or retraining of unemployed applicants in occupations or trades where they are suitably qualified and
have greater prospect of employment.

Section 7. Geographical movement of workers. The public employment office shall arrange for the inter-area
placement of unemployed workers through a nationwide job-clearance and information system. The transfer of
workers shall be arranged by the public employment office where the applicant is registered and the office where
the vacancy exists.

Section 8. Job-clearance and information system. The public employment office shall furnish lists of registered
job applicants and job openings to the Bureau which shall act as the national job-clearing house.

Section 9. Submission of reports. At the end of each month, every employer with at least six (6) employees shall
submit to the nearest public employment office the following:

(a) List of existing job vacancies or opening;

(b) List of new employees, if any;

(c) Terminations, lay-offs or retirements;

(d) Total number of employed workers for the period; and

(e) Request for assistance, if needed, to fill vacancies or openings.

Rule III
RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT

Section 1. Private recruitment. No person or entity shall engage in the recruitment and placement of workers
either for local or overseas employment except the following:

(a) Public employment offices;

 (a) Public employment offices;

(b) Overseas Employment Development Board;

(c) National Seamen Board;

(d) Private recruitment offices;

(e) Private employment agencies;

(f) Shipping or manning agents or representatives; and

(g) Such other persons or entities as may be authorized by the Secretary.

Section 2. Ban on direct hiring. No employer may hire a Filipino worker for overseas employment except through
the person or entities enumerated in the preceding section or as authorized by the law or by the Secretary. Direct
hiring by members of the diplomatic service, officials and employees of international organizations and such other
employers as may be authorized by the Overseas Employment Development Board shall be allowed.

Rule IV
PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT

Section 1. Who may participate in the private sector. Only the following persons or entities in the private sector
may engage in the recruitment and placement of workers either for local or overseas employment:

(a) Private employment agencies;

(b) Private recruitment entities;

(c) Shipping or manning agents or representatives; and

(d) Such other persons or entities as may be authorized by the Secretary.

Section 2. Citizenship requirement. Only Filipino citizens or corporations, partnerships or entities at least seventy-
five percent (75%) of the authorized and voting capital stock of which is owned and controlled by Filipino citizens
shall be permitted to participate in the recruitment and placement of workers, locally or overseas.

Rule V
PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES

Section 1. Qualifications of applicants. All applicants for license to operate private employment agencies either
for local or overseas recruitment and placement shall possess the following qualifications:

a) Citizenship requirement as provided for in Rule IV of the Rules;

b) Appropriate capitalization as follows:

1. For overseas recruitment and placement, a minimum networth of P150,000.00 in the case of
single proprietorship, and a paid-up capital or networth of P150,000.00 in the case of a corporation
or partnership, as the case may be;

2. For local recruitment and placement, a minimum networth of P25,000.00 in the case of single
proprietorship; and a paid-up capital or networth of P25,000.00 in the case of partnership or
corporation, as the case may be;

c) Applicants not otherwise disqualified by law, rule or regulations as may be determined by competent
authority to engage in recruitment and placement.

Section 2. Application for license for overseas recruitment and placement. Every applicant for license to operate
a private employment agency for overseas recruitment and placement shall submit to the Bureau the following
documents in support of the application:

a) A certified copy of the Articles of Incorporation in the case of a corporation, or the registration with the
Bureau of Domestic Trade in the case of a single proprietorship or partnership;

b) If the applicant is a corporation, proof of financial capacity of the major stockholders such as sworn
statements of assets and verified income tax returns for the last two years;

c) Clearance from the Philippine Constabulary and the Bureau of Internal Revenue for all the incorporators,
partners or single proprietor;

d) A verified statement that the applicant has in its employ persons with adequate competence to evaluate
and test recruits and to consider them for employment strictly on the basis of merit and fitness, without any
undue discrimination and in accordance with the qualifications prescribed by the employer;

e) A verified undertaking to assume all responsibilities for the proper use of its license/authority and the
implementation of the contracts of employment with the workers; and
 (f) Such other requirements that the Secretary may require upon recommendation of the Bureau Director.

Section 3. Action on application. Within the thirty (30) days from the receipt of the application for license, the
Bureau shall recommend its denial or approval to the Secretary. Upon considering the findings and
recommendations of the Bureau, the Secretary may either deny or approve the application.

Section 4. Fees and bonds. Upon approval of the application, the applicant shall pay to the Department a license
fee of P6,000.00, post a cash bond of P30,000.00 or negotiate bonds of equivalent amount convertible to cash
issued by banking or financial institutions duly endorsed to the Department, as well as a surety bond of
P150,000.00 from an accredited bonding company to answer for valid and legal claims arising from violations of
the conditions of the license or the contracts of employment and guarantee compliance with the provisions of the
Code, its implementing rules and regulations and appropriate issuances of the Department.

Section 5. Issuance of license. Upon payment of the license fee and the posting of the appropriate bonds, the
Bureau shall issue the corresponding licensing to the applicant.

Section 6. Duration of license. Every license shall be valid for one year from the date of approval, unless sooner
cancelled, revoked or suspended by the Secretary for violation of any of the conditions of the license or any of
applicable provisions of the Code and these Rules.

Section 7. Non-transferability of license. No license shall be transferred, conveyed or assigned to any other
person or entity, or used in any place other than that stated in the license. Any transfer of business address,
appointment or designation, of any agent or representative, including the establishment of additional offices
elsewhere, shall be subject to the final approval of the Bureau.

Section 8. Change of Ownership of Business. Transfer or change of ownership of a single proprietorship licensed
or authorized to engage in overseas employment shall cause the automatic revocation of the license or authority.
The new owner shall be required to apply for a license or authority in accordance with these Rules.

A change in the relationship of the partners in a partnership duly authorized or licensed to engage in overseas
employment which materially interrupt the course of the business or results in the actual dissolution of the
partnership shall likewise cause the automatic revocation of the license or authority.

Section 9. Upgrading of Single Proprietorship or partnership. Licensees or authority holders which are single
proprietorships or partnerships may, subject to the guidelines of the Administration, convert into corporations for
purposes of upgrading or raising their capabilities to meet the stiff competition in the international labor market
and to enable them to better comply with their responsibilities arising from the recruitment and deployment of
workers overseas.

The prohibition on the issuance of new license under LOI 1190 shall not apply to the new entity created by reason
of the above merger, consolidation or upgrading.

The approval of merger, consolidation or upgrading shall automatically revoke or cancel the license or authorities
of the single proprietorships, partnerships or corporations so merged, consolidated or upgraded.

Section 10. Change of Directors of Corporations. Every change in the composition of the Board of Directors of a
corporation licensed or authorized to participate in overseas employment shall be registered with the
Administration within 30 days from the date the change was decided or approved. The corporation shall be
required to submit to the Administration the bio-data and clearances of the new members of the Board from the
government agencies identified in Section 1 (c) Rule II, Book II of these Rules.

Section 11. Change of Other Officers and Personnel. Every change of officers or representatives and termination
of appointment of personnel shall be registered with the Administration within 30 days from the date the change
or termination occurred.

Section 12. Transfer of Business Address. Any transfer of business address, including the establishment of
additional offices elsewhere, shall be effected only with prior authority or approval of the Administration. The
approval shall be issued only upon formal notice of the intention of transfer with the following attachments:

a) Copy of the company's formal notice to the BDT or SEC on the transfer of business address;

b) In case of a corporation, Board Resolution duly registered with the SEC authorizing transfer of business
address;

c) Copy of the BDT or SEC acknowledgement of the notice to transfer;

d) Copy of the contract of lease or proof of building ownership.

The new office space shall be subject to the normal ocular inspection procedures by duly authorized
representatives of the Administration.

A notice to the public of the new address shall be punished in a newspaper of general circulation.

Section 13. Conduct of Recruitment Outside of Registered Office. No licensed or authorized agency or entity
shall conduct recruitment activities outside of the address stated in the licensed authority without first securing
shall conduct recruitment activities outside of the address stated in the licensed authority without first securing
prior authority from the Administration.

Section 14. Appointment of Representatives. Every appointment of representatives or agents of licensed or

authorized agency or entity shall be subject to the prior approval or authority of the Administration. The approval
may be issued upon submission of or compliance with the following requirements:

a) Proposed appointment or special po or Embassy or of the Department of Labor and Employment official
as may be appropriate. Such formal appointment or recruitment agreement shall contain the following
provisions, among others:

1. Terms of recruitment, including the responsibility of the parties relative to the employment of
workers;

2. Power of the agency to sue and be sued jointly and solidarily with the principal or foreign-based
employer for any of the violations of the recruitment agreement and the contracts of employment;

3. Compensation or payment schedule, including payment of documentation costs, government fees,

service from the transportation fare and the mode of payments;

4. Period of validity, which shall be not less than one year and up to the expiration date of the last
employment contract signed with its recruits; and

5. Institutions of systems or procedure to be implemented for mandatory remittance of a portion of

the worker's salary as provided under the Code and the Affidavit of undertaking.

(b) Commercial registration and other pertinent documents proving the legal personality of the foreign
principal, including its authority to hire and recruit foreign workers;

(c) Job order or requisition of the foreign-based employer or principal, including the number for categories
of workers needed, salary and benefit schedule, qualification guidelines and testing procedures and master
employment contract; and

(d) Work permits or work visas where such are required by the country of destination.

Section 18. Submission of employment contracts. (a) Every private employment agency shall submit to the
Bureau, for evaluation and approval, the master employment contract to be used for its recruits and the
service/recruitment agreement which shall be written in English and in the language of the country of work
whenever necessary.

(b) All applicants for passport or travel of recruited workers shall be properly endorsed by the Bureau.

Section 19. Standard format of service agreement and employment contract. The Bureau shall adopt a standard
format of service agreement and employment contract in accordance with pertinent labor and social legislation
and prevailing international standard and conventions. The standard format shall set the minimum standards of
the terms and conditions to govern the employment of land-based overseas Filipinos. All employers shall adopt
the model contract in connection with the hiring and engagement of the services of overseas workers.

Section 20. Worker's deployment. It shall be the responsibility of the private employment agency to facilitate the
deployment of the recruits. If the worker is unable to depart within forty-five (45) days from the release of passport
through no fault of his and without any valid reason on the part of the agency, he shall be entitled to the refund of
his expenses, if any, and standby pay, if he is made to wait for his deployment. On the other hand, if after the
applicant worker has been properly documented and processed, he decides to withdraw without any valid reason,
he shall reimburse the agency all expenses of processing and documentation. The Bureau shall issue as
appropriate, orders to implement this provision.

Section 21. Contents of employment contracts. The employment contracts shall in no case provide for terms of
employment below the standards established by the Department, which shall not be below the basic requirements
of Philippine labor and social legislation or practices, and shall include the following:

(e) Just causes for the termination of the contract or of the service of the workers;

(f) Workmen's compensation benefits and war hazard protection, including life and accident insurance
coverage during the term of employment;

(g) Immediate transportation of the worker's remains and property in case of death to the point of hire or if
this is not possible under the circumstances, the proper disposition thereof, upon previous arrangement
with the worker's next-of-kin and the nearest Philippine Embassy or Consulate; and
(h) Remittance of the worker's salaries, allowances and/or allotments to his beneficiaries through the
Philippine banking system.

Section 21. (a) Allowable Salaries and Wages. Workers hired for overseas employment shall receive salaries or
wages in accordance with the standards promulgated by the Administration. The Administration shall undertake
the periodic review of salaries and wages prevailing at worksites.
Section 22. Renewal of contracts. Every contract worker shall advise the Department of the renewal or extension
of his employment contract in any of the following manner:

(a) Through the labor attache, or in his absence through a duly designated foreign service official in the
area of employment who is authorized to renew the contract; or

(b) By furnishing the Bureau directly with a copy of the renewed contract.

Section 23. Allowable fees chargeable against the workers.

(a) Unless otherwise provided by the Secretary, private employment agencies may collect a placement fee
from every worker in accordance with a schedule to be approved by him. Such fee shall be paid only when
the employment contract of the worker has been approved by the Bureau and he is about to commence
employment through the efforts of the agency. Every payment shall be covered by an appropriate receipt
indicating the amount paid and the purpose of such payment. In addition and subject to the approval of the
Secretary the applicant workers may be required to post a bond to guarantee compliance with the
employment contract.

(b) A recruit may be required to shoulder the cost of the following requirements provided that the same
shall be covered by an appropriate receipt and unless paid by the employer of principal:

1) Medical and psychological examination; lawphi1.net

2) Inoculation certificate;

3) Passport.

(c) Records of payment shall be available for inspection by an authorized representative of the Bureau any
time during regular office hours.

Section 24. Fees chargeable against the employer. A private employment agency shall charge a minimum
mobilization fee to cover costs of recruitment, processing and documentation in accordance with a schedule
approved by the Secretary in addition to service charges which may be negotiated with a foreign employer or
principal.

(a) Fees Chargeable Against Principals. Agencies shall charge from their principals a service of manning
fee to cover services rendered in the recruitment, documentation and placement of workers.

(b) Charges deductible from Fees Paid by Withdrawing Workers. In case of the withdrawal of the worker
within one hundred twenty (120) days from the signing of the employment contracts the agency or entity
shall refund the amount paid by him after deducting such actual expenses incurred in the documentation of
the worker as may be supported by receipts.

(c) Prohibition on Charging of Other Fees. No other fees or charges shall be imposed against any worker.

(d) Processing Fees and Welfare Fund Contribution. Contract processing fees and the Welfare Fund
contributions shall in no case be charged to the worker. However, this shall not apply in the case of
Seafarers' Welfare Fund which is contributory in nature.

Section 25. Recruitment Advertisement.

a) No advertisement for overseas recruitment including training or review activities for overseas
employment shall be placed in any newspaper by a private employment agency without prior authorization
by the Bureau. Such advertisement shall contain the following information, among others:

1) The number and nature of jobs available, including wage and benefit schedule;

2) A brief description of the skills needed;

3) The name, nationality and address of the employer; and

4) The name, address and license number of the agency.

b) No press notice or announcement regarding the availability of overseas jobs shall be released by the
agency prior to the accreditation of one principal.

Section 25. (a) Recruitment from the Administration's Manpower Registry. Agencies or entities may
recruit workers for their accredited principals or projects from the manpower registry of the
Administration in accordance with the guidelines set by it.

Section 25. (b) Advertisement for Manpower Pooling By Agencies or Entities. Agencies or entities
desiring to generate qualified applicants for prospective principal or project may advertise in
accordance with the format prescribed by the Administration. Such undertakings shall not involve
payment of any fee by applicants.

Section 25. (c) Press Releases on Recruitment. For purposes of these rules, press releases on
 Section 25. (c) Press Releases on Recruitment. For purposes of these rules, press releases on
negotiations with principals or contracting partners and/or involving overseas job openings shall be
considered as advertisements.

(d) Sanctions. False and deceptive advertisements published by agencies or entities including those
published not in accordance with the prescribed format shall be valid ground for suspension or cancellation
of license or authority.

Section 26. Application for license for local recruitment and placement.

(a) Every applicant for license to operate a private employment agency for local recruitment and placement
shall submit the following documents in support of the application; lawphi1.net

1. A certified copy of the Articles of Incorporation in the case of a corporation or the registration with
the Bureau of Domestic Trade in the case of a single proprietorship or partnership; and

2. Clearance from the Philippine Constabulary and the Bureau of Internal Revenue for all the
incorporators, partners or single proprietor.

3. List of officers/personnel and corresponding bio-data.

(b) An agency licensed to recruit and place workers overseas need not apply for a separate license to
engage in domestic recruitment and placement.

Section 27. Action on application. Within thirty (30) days from receipt of the application for license, the Bureau
Director shall either deny or approve the same. The denial by the Bureau Director may be appealed by the
applicant to the Secretary within ten (10) days from the receipt of the notice of denial.

Section 28. Notice of approval or denial. The Bureau shall immediately transmit the notice of denial or approval
of the application to the applicant.

Section 29. Fees and bonds. Upon approval of the application, the applicant shall pay to the Department a
license fee of P1,000.00 and post cash and surety bonds of P5,000.00 and P25,000.00, respectively.

The bonds shall guarantee compliance with the provisions of the Code, its implementing rules and the terms and
conditions of the employment contracts.

Section 30. Issuance of License. Upon payment of the license fee and the posting of the appropriate bonds, the
Bureau Director shall issue the corresponding license to the applicant.

Section 31. Duration of license. The license shall be valid for one year from the date of approval unless sooner
cancelled, revoked or suspended by the Bureau Director for violation of any of the conditions prescribed in the
license or applicable provisions of the Code or these Rules.

Section 32. Non-transferability of license. No license shall be transferred, conveyed or assigned to any other

person or entity, or used in any place other than that stated in the license. Any transfer of business address,
appointment, or designation of any agent or representatives, including the establishment of additional offices
elsewhere shall be subject to the prior approval of the Bureau.

Section 33. Registration of local private recruitment entities. Educational institutions and civic organizations
setting up placement offices to service their students or members shall register their operations with the nearest
public employment office or the Bureau under such guidelines as may be prescribed by the Secretary. Such
entities shall coordinate their recruitment activities with the public employment offices in the area where they
operate.

Section 34. Allowable fees. An employment agency which recruits a domestic worker for an employer may
charge the latter a service fee to be determined by the Bureau which shall cover the maintenance of the recruit
including board and lodging prior to placement. The transportation fare of the recruit from place of work may be
charged against the latter.

Every payment shall be covered by an appropriate receipt indicating the amount paid and purpose of such
payment.

Section 35. Replacement without costs. An employer shall be entitled to a replacement without additional
charges within one (1) month from the date of engagement of the first recruit on any of the following grounds:

(a) The recruit is found to be suffering from an incurable or contagious disease;

(b) The recruit is physically or mentally incapable of discharging the minimum normal requirements of the
job;

(c) The recruit abandons the job, voluntarily resigns, commits theft or any other act prejudicial to the
employer or to any immediate members of his family; and

(d) Other grounds analogous to the foregoing.

Section 36. Acknowledgment of contracts. Every recruitment contract shall be acknowledged before the
appropriate Regional Director or his duly authorized representative, or in his absence, before the municipal
mayor, judge, notaries public or any person authorized by law to administer oath of the place where the recruit
resides. If the recruit is a minor, the consent of the parent or guardian, similarly acknowledged, shall be attached
to the contract.

Rule VI
CANCELLATION OR SUSPENSION OF LICENSE

Section 1. Scope of Application. These Rules shall apply to all persons, agencies or entities duly licensed or
authorized to recruit and deploy Filipino workers for overseas employment.

Section 2. Grounds for Suspension, Cancellation or Revocation. A license or authority shall be cancelled,
suspended or revoked on any of the following grounds, among others:

a. Imposing or accepting directly or indirectly any amount of money, goods or services, or any fee or bond
in excess of what is prescribed by the Administration; lawphi1.net

b. Engaging in act(s) of misrepresentation, such as publication or advertisement of false or deceptive

notices or information in relation to the recruitment and placement of workers;

c. Engaging in act(s) of misrepresentation, such as giving false statements, false testimonies or falsified
documents;

d. Inducing or attempting to induce an already employed worker to transfer from or leave his employment
to another unless such transfer is advantageous or beneficial to the worker;

e. Influencing or attempting to influence any person or entity to prevent employment of any worker;

f. Engaging in the recruitment and placement of workers in jobs harmful to public health or morality or to the
dignity of the Republic of the Philippines;

g. Obstructing or attempting to obstruct inspection by the Secretary, the Administrator or by their duly
authorized representatives;

h. Substituting or altering employment contracts and other documents approved and verified by the
Administration from the time of actual signing thereof by the parties up to and including the period of
expiration of the same without the Administration's approval;

i. Failure to file report on the remittance of foreign exchange earnings and such matters as may be required
by the Administration; lawphi1.net

j. Where the owner, partner or majority stockholder, licensee or holder of authority, or principal officers
become officer or member of the Board of any corporation or partnership engaged in travel or engaged
directly or indirectly in the management of a travel agency;

k. Withholding or denying travel and other documents from workers for monetary considerations or reasons
other than those authorized under the Labor Code and its implementing Rules and Regulations;

l. Engaging in recruitment activities in places other than specified in the license or authority without previous
authorization from the Administration; lawphi1.net

m. Appointing or designating agents or representatives without prior approval of the Administration; lawphi1.net

n. Falsifying or altering workers' employment contracts or travel documents;

o. Deploying workers or seamen to vessels or principals not accredited by the Administrator;

p. Deploying workers whose employment and travel documents were not processed by the Administration;
lawphi1.net

q. Publishing or causing the publication of overseas job vacancies in violation of the prescribed rules;

r. Failure to deploy workers without valid reasons within the prescribed period as provided under Section 5,
Rule III, Book III hereof;

s. Failure to pay or replenish cash bond and renew surety bond;

t. Disregard of lawful orders, summons, etc;

u. Withholding of workers' salaries or remittances without justifiable reasons;

v. Coercing workers overseas to accept prejudicial arrangements in exchange of certain benefits that
rightfully belong to the worker; and

w. Violation of other pertinent provisions of the Labor Code and other relevant laws, rules and regulations.
Section 3. Complaints against private employment agency. Any complaint or report against private employment
agency shall be filed with the Bureau. If the complainant or report shows any violation of the conditions of the
license or the pertinent provisions of the Code or of these rules, the Bureau shall immediately conduct an
investigation and require the private employment agency concerned to submit its comments or explanation within
five (5) working days upon receipt of the copy of order/notice of the Bureau.

(a) Contents of the Complaint. The complaint shall state the name and address of the complainant as well
as that of the respondent, the specific offense or omission, the date when the offense was committed, and
the relief(s) sought.

(b) Action on the Complaint. Upon receipt of the complaint, the Administration shall furnish the respondent
with a copy of the complaint and its supporting documents, if any, and require him to file his answer within
ten (10) working days from receipt thereof.

The respondent's answer should be filed with the Licensing and Regulation Office within the reglementary
period, attaching thereto proof of service of a copy thereof to the complainant.

Within five (5) days from receipt of the last responsive pleading, the Hearing Officer, shall schedule the
hearing of the case if he finds from the submitted pleadings that there is a prima facie case of violation of
the rules. Should there be a finding to the contrary, a minute resolution/summary judgment can be
rendered motu proprio.

(c) Failure to Answer/Appear During Hearing. Failure of the respondent to file an answer within the period
prescribed or appear during the hearing, as the case may be, shall render the respondent in default and
hearing or investigation may proceed ex parte. Decision/resolution of the case shall be based on the
evidence presented by the complainant.

Section 4. Suspension of license pending investigation. a) Pending investigation of the complaint or report, the
Secretary may suspend the license of the private employment agency concerned upon recommendation of the
Bureau on any of the following grounds:

1) Failure on the part of the agency to submit its comments or explanation within five (5) days;

2) There is a strong prima facie case for violation of the Labor Code as amended, its implementing
Rules and Regulations and the Bureau's policies, memoranda and circulars; or

3) There exists reasonable ground showing that the continued operations of the agency will lead to
further violation of the conditions of the license or the exploitation of the workers being recruited, or
imperil friendly relations with any country or otherwise prejudice national interest or security.

b) Similar action may be taken by the Bureau Director in the case of private agencies licensed for domestic
recruitment and placement.

Section 5. Conduct of investigation. The Bureau shall summon the owner or official of the private employment
agency and other parties concerned if any, receive such evidence as may be relevant and necessary, and
otherwise take such other actions as may be warranted to inform itself of true facts and circumstances of the
case. The investigation shall be terminated not later than thirty (30) working days from the first hearing. The
Bureau shall submit its findings and recommendations to the Department of Labor and Employment within fifteen
(15) days from the termination of the investigation.

Section 6. Duration of Suspension. The order of suspension may carry with it the period of effectivity which shall
be in accordance with the scale of penalties which the Administration may promulgate.

Section 7. Effects of Settlement. A mutually agreed settlement of the case or the desistance of the complainant
shall not bar the Administration from proceeding with the investigation. The Secretary or the Administrator shall
act on the case as may be merited by the results of the investigation and impose such penalties on the erring
agency or entity as may be deemed appropriate. Such settlement when reached to the full satisfaction of the
complainant may, however, mitigate the liability of the respondent.

Section 8. Imposition of Fines. In addition to or in lieu of the penalties of suspension or cancellation the Secretary
or the Administrator may impose fines.

Section 9. Suspension of Documentary Processing. The Administration may order the suspension of the
processing of documents pertaining to a respondent agency or entity on any of the grounds under Section 2 of
this Rule or for violation of any provision of these Rules.

Section 10. Who May Issue Orders. Orders of cancellation shall be issued by the Secretary. Orders for
suspension of license or authority or the lifting thereof shall be issued by the Administrator, or in his absence by
the Acting Administrator, in behalf of the Secretary. All other orders or resolutions which do not involve the
suspension, cancellation or revocation of license or authority may be issued by the Director, LRO.

Section 11. Effect of Order of Suspension of License. An order suspending a license or authority shall be
immediately executory and shall have the effect of suspending all activities of the agency or entity which fall under
the definitions of recruitment and placement. The Administration may seek the assistance of other government
institutions, agencies, or offices to ensure that suspension or revocation orders are carried out.
institutions, agencies, or offices to ensure that suspension or revocation orders are carried out.

Section 12. Authority to Administer Oath, Issue Subpoena, Etc. The Administrator, the Director, LRO and the
Hearing Officers shall have the authority to administer oath and/or affirmations, issue subpoena, take evidence,
compel the attendance of the parties and/or witnesses and require the production of any book, paper,
correspondence, memoranda and other records relevant or material to the case or inquiry.

Section 13. Motion for Reconsideration or Appeal. A motion for the reconsideration of an order of suspension or
an appeal to the Secretary from an order cancelling a license or authority may be entertained only when filed with
the LRO within ten (10) working days from service of the order or decision.

The filing of a motion for reconsideration or appeal shall not automatically stay the execution of the order. The
Secretary or the Administrator may order the stay of execution and require the posting of supersedeas bond.

Section 14. Action by the Secretary or Bureau Director. a) Where the case arises from overseas recruitment and
placement activities, the Bureau shall submit its findings and recommendations to the Secretary within fifteen (15)
days from the termination of the investigation, on the basis of which the Secretary may lift the suspension of the
license or maintain the same until the violation are corrected, or cancel the license.

b) Where the case involves domestic recruitment and placement activities, the Bureau Director may take
similar action as provided for in paragraph (a) hereof. His decision may be appealed to the Secretary by an
aggrieved party within ten (10) days from receipt of decision.

c) The decision of the Secretary in both cases shall be final and inappealable.

d) Where the decision of the Secretary is to suspend the license/authority, the duration of said suspension
shall not be less than sixty (60) days, unless sooner lifted by him.

Section 15. Inspection and enforcement. a) The Bureau shall establish an inspectorate system to ensure
effective supervision of the activities of all license and authority holders as well as of aliens employed in the
Philippines and the implementation of the understudy training program of the employers of such aliens.

b) The Bureau Director or his duly authorized representative may, during regular office hours, inspect the
premises, books and records of license and authority holders and of establishments employing aliens to
determine compliance with the Code and of these Rules.

Section 16. Inspection Before Licensing. Before issuance or renewal of license or authority the Administration
shall conduct an inspection of the premises and pertinent documents of the applicant.

Section 17. Inspection of Agencies and Entities. All Agencies and entities shall be subject to periodic inspection
by the Administration to determine compliance with existing rules and regulations. Inspection shall likewise be
conducted by the Administration in case of transfer of office or establishment of a branch office or upon complaint
or report of violations of existing rules and regulations.

Section 18. Subject of Inspection. Depending on the purpose of inspection, the authorized representative(s) of
the Administration shall require the presentation of and examine the necessary documents, records and premises
of an agency or entity.

Section 19. Inspection Procedures.

a. Inspection shall be conducted by a team of at least two duly authorized persons during office hours,
unless otherwise authorized in accordance with Section 3 of this Rules;

b. Inspection shall be conducted in the presence of the Manager of the office or any office personnel;

c. Inspection reports shall be submitted to the Administrator or the Director, LRO, within 24 hours after the
inspection.

Section 20. Violation Found in the Course of Inspection. Violations found in the course of inspection such as non-
compliance with the Administration's rules, issuances, directives, etc. may be grounds for the imposition of
appropriate sanctions or for the denial of application for renewal of license.

Section 21. Issuance of Policy Guidelines on Inspection. The Director, LRO, shall issue appropriate guidelines
which shall ensure an effective and comprehensive system of inspection.

Section 22. Guidelines on functions and responsibilities. Consistent with these rules and regulations and
appropriate instructions of the Secretary, the Bureau shall issue guidelines governing its functions and
responsibilities.

Rule VII
THE OVERSEAS CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AND THE CORPORATE EXPORT PROGRAM

Section 1. Registration of Filipino Construction Contractors. Subject to guidelines issued jointly by the Secretary
and the Construction Industry Authority of the Philippines, construction contractors shall be issued authority to
operate as private recruitment entities.
operate as private recruitment entities.

Section 2. Corporate Export Program. The Bureau, in coordination with other relevant agencies and entities shall
develop programs for the hiring of workers in organized or corporate groups.

Rule VIII
PRIVATE RECRUITMENT ENTITIES

Section 1. Qualifications of applicants. All applicants for authority to operate private recruitment entities for
overseas work other than construction contractors shall possess the following qualifications:

(a) Citizenship requirement as provided for in Rule IV of these Rules;

(b) Appropriate capitalization as follows:

1. A minimum networth of P300,000 in the case of single proprietorship; and a paid-up capital or
networth of P300,000 in the case of a corporation or partnership, as the case may be.

Section 2. Application for authority for overseas private recruitment. Every applicant for authority to operate a
private recruitment entity shall submit the following documents in support of the application:

(a) A certified copy of the Articles of Incorporation in the case of a corporation, or the registration with the
Bureau of Domestic Trade in the case of a single proprietorship or partnership;

(b) If the applicant is a corporation, proof of financial capacity of the major stockholders such as sworn
statements of assets and liabilities and verified income tax returns for the last two years;

(c) If the applicant is a single proprietorship or a partnership, proof of financial capacity of proprietor or
partners such as sworn statements of assets and liabilities and verified income tax returns for the last two
years;

(d) Clearance from the Philippine Constabulary and the Bureau of Internal Revenue for all the
incorporators, partners or single proprietor;

(e) A verified statement that the applicant has in its employ persons with adequate competence to evaluate
and test recruits and to consider them for employment strictly on the basis of merit and fitness, without any
undue discrimination and in accordance with the qualifications prescribed by the employers;

(f) A verified undertaking to assume all responsibilities for the proper use of its authority and the
implementation of the contract of employment with the workers; and

(g) Such other requirements that the Secretary may require upon recommendation of the Director.

Section 3. Action on application. Within thirty (30) days from the receipt of the application for authority, the
Bureau shall recommend its denial or approval to the Secretary. Upon considering the findings and
recommendations of the Bureau, the Secretary may either deny or approve the application.

Section 4. Fees and bonds. Upon approval of the application, the applicant shall pay to the Department a
registration fee of P2,000.00, and post a performance bond of P200,000.00 from an accredited bonding company
to answer for valid and legal claims arising from violations of the conditions of the authority of the contracts of
employment and guarantee compliance with the provisions of the Code, its implementing rules and appropriate
issuances of the Department.

Section 5. Action on application. Within thirty (30) days from the receipt of the application for authority, the
Bureau shall recommend its denial or approval to the Secretary. Upon considering the findings and
recommendations of the Bureau, the Secretary may either deny or approve the application.

Section 6. Issuance of authority. Upon payment of the registration fee and the posting of the appropriate bonds
the Secretary shall issue the corresponding authority to the applicant.

Section 7. Duration/renewal and non-transferability of Authority. (a) Every authority shall be valid for one year

from the date of approval, unless sooner cancelled, revoked or suspended by the Secretary for violations of any
of the conditions of the authority or any applicable provisions of the Code or these Rules.

(b) No authority shall be transferred, conveyed or assigned to any other person or entity or used in any
place other than that stated in the authority. Any transfer of business address, appointment or designation
of any agency or representative, including the establishment of additional offices elsewhere, shall be
subject to the prior approval of the Bureau.

(c) The Secretary shall issue appropriate guidelines on the renewal of authority in accordance with the
applicable provisions of these Rules and which may be similar to those provided for licensed holders.

Section 8. Recruitment, hiring and employment of workers. Every private recruitment entity shall recruit, hire and
employ workers for overseas job in accordance with the applicable provisions of these Rules. All applications for
passport or travel of recruited and hired workers shall be properly endorsed by the Bureau.
Section 9. Allowable fees and charges. (a) A private recruitment entity shall charge a minimum mobilization fee to
cover costs of recruitment, processing and documentation in accordance with a schedule approved by the
Secretary in addition to service charges it may negotiate with its principal.

(b) Subject to approval by the Secretary the recruited workers may be required to post a bond to guarantee
compliance with the employment contract.

Rule IX
OVERSEAS EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT BOARD

Section 1. Coverage. This Rule shall cover the functions and responsibilities of the OEDB. It shall apply to
employers hiring through the OEDB and to workers processed and placed by said agency.

Section 2. Role of the OEDB. The OEDB shall be the government placement agency for overseas employment.
In cooperation with other relevant agencies and entities, it shall also be responsible for developing employment
and wage standards and such support services as may be necessary for the government's overseas employment
program.

Section 3. Employment development. The promotion and development of employment opportunities abroad shall
be undertaken by the OEDB, in cooperation with relevant government agencies and entities, through organized
and systematic activities and services which shall include among others, the following:

(a) A comprehensive manpower marketing strategy and to dispatch OEDB development officers abroad for
this purpose;

(b) Develop and promote programs or arrangements that would encourage the hirings of Filipinos in
organized or corporate groups;

(c) Scout for labor market for unskilled workers, among others; and

(d) Promote Filipino manpower through advestising in appropriate media overseas.

Section 4. Recruitment and placement. a) The OEDB shall recruit and place workers primarily on government-to-
government arrangements, and shall therefore service the hirings of foreign governments and their
instrumentalities and, in addition:

1) Recruit and place workers of particular skills categories as may be directed by the Secretary;

2) Administer employment programs or projects as may be directed by the Secretary; and

3) In cooperation with the Regional Offices of the Department, undertake organized recruitment
activities in the provinces in aid of the employment dispersal policy of the Department.

b) The employer shall enter into a bilateral recruitment agreement with the OEDB. The employer shall
directly assist the OEDB in selecting appropriate workers from its manpower pool.

c) The OEDB shall ensure that the worker through appropriate undertakings complies with his obligations
arising from the employment contract.

Section 5. Documents requirements. An employer hiring through the OEDB shall submit the following documents:

a) Authority from the government of the employer to hire Filipino workers;

b) Work permit or visa assurance of workers; and

c) Recruitment Order which shall state the number and categories of workers needed, compensation
benefits, qualification guidelines, testing procedures and a model employment contract.

Section 6. Formalization of a Recruitment Agreement. Employers hiring through the Administration shall be
required to formalize a Recruitment Agreement which shall be in accordance with existing bilateral labor
agreements, if any. The Recruitment Agreement shall, among others, contain the following provisions:

a. Responsibilities of the parties to the agreement;

b. Selection and documentation procedures;

c. Fee schedules and terms of payment;

d. Manner and facilities for remittance of workers' salary;

e. Grievance Machinery for workers; and

f. Validity and revocation of the agreement.

The standards and requirements set by the Administration for the recruitment and placement of workers overseas
shall apply to hiring thru the Administration.
Section 7. Recruitment and Placement Procedures. a) Interview and Selection An employer hiring through the
Administration shall select his workers from the manpower pool developed and maintained by the Administration;
lawphi1.net

b) Medical Examination. Selected workers shall undergo and pass a standard pre-employment medical
examination conducted by a duly accredited medical retainer of the Administration; lawphi1.net

c) Ticketing and Flight Arrangements. The employer shall assume the full cost of workers' transportation to
and from the place of work, For this purpose, the Administration shall handle the flight arrangements and/or
ticketing of workers hired. Should the employer decide to handle its own ticketing, he shall be required to
course pre-paid tickets through the Administration for appropriate flight booking.

d) Orientation. Before the worksite, hired workers shall undergo the required Pre-Departure Orientation
Seminar (PDOS).

Section 8. Documentation of Workers. a) Contract Processing Workers hired through the Administration shall be
issued the following documents:

(1) Individual Employment Contract duly signed by the employer or the proper administration official
where appropriate;

(2) Travel Exit Pass;

(3) Endorsement letter to PTA, and

(4) Such other documents as may be necessary for travel.

b) Passport Documentation. The Administration may secure directly the selected worker's passport from
the Department of Foreign Affairs. All transmittals and endorsements for passport issuance shall be
undertaken directly by the Administration.

c) Visa Arrangements. The Administration may assist employers and selected workers secure their visas
from the appropriate Embassy. Visa forms may be accomplished by the worker at the Administration. The
accomplished visa forms together with the passport shall be endorsed by the Administration directly to the
Embassy.

Section 9. Workers protection. The OEDB shall protect and enhance the interest, well-being and welfare of
workers and, for this purpose, it shall undertake:

a) To establish wage and compensation standards, employments and conditions, by region or by country,
which shall be prescribed by the Secretary;

b) To provide facilities for skills development and testing, pre-employment medical examination, pre-
departure work/or languange orientation, foreign exchange remittance assistance, re-entry and re-
employment assistance, accident insurance, among others, and

c) To implement a grievance procedure in accordance with the provisions of this Title and the development
objectives of the OEDB.

Section 10. Dispute settlement. The following shall be adhered to in handling employee-employer disputes:

a) In the event of a dispute between employee and employer, the complainant and/or respondent shall
submit such dispute to the OEDB for conciliation or mediation. If the dispute is not settled at this stage, the
OEDB shall certify the case to the Secretary for final decision.

b) The OEDB, under appropriate circumstances, may suspend, prohibit or prevent an employer from
further recruitment activities in the country. The OEDB also under appropriate circumstances, may
suspend, prohibit or prevent workers from being placed overseas.

c) Whenever circumstances warrant, the OEDB may dispatch an officer to the worksite to conciliate or
mediate employee-employer disputes, in coordination with other appropriate government agencies.

Section 11. Welfare Services. The OEDB shall establish and support a Secretariat for the Welfare Fund for
Overseas Workers (Welfund) in accordance with P.D. 1412 and P.D. 1691. Upon the operationalization of the
Welfare Fund under P.D. 1694, the functions and responsibilities of such Secretariat shall be assumed by the
Welfund.

Section 12. Foreign exchange. The OEDB shall develop and monitor the compliance with the foreign exchange
remittance requirements under this Title by employers and workers. It shall establish an office in the OEDB for this
purpose in coordination with relevant government agencies.

Section 13. Auxiliary services. The OEDB may, upon approval of its Board, initiate, organize, and establish
auxiliary services in support of the overseas employment development program.

Section 14. Overseas information system. The OEDB shall, in coordination with relevant agencies, establish a
system of gathering, collating, evaluating and disseminating data and information concerning the Department's
system of gathering, collating, evaluating and disseminating data and information concerning the Department's
overseas employment program.

Section 15. Fees and other charges. The OEDB shall collect reasonable administrative or service fees from
employers. It shall not collect service fee from workers.

Section 16. Authority to issue rules. The OEDB shall issue rules and regulations, instructions or orders governing
its functions and responsibilities.

Rule X
NATIONAL SEAMEN BOARD

Section 1. Recruitment and placement of seamen. Foreign shipping companies and domestic shipping
companies owning or operating vessels engaged in overseas shipping shall hire Filipino seamen through the
National Seamen Board. For this purpose, the Board shall maintain a complete registry of seamen indicating their
categories or ratings and such other qualifications as may be appropriate.

Section 2. Requirements for hiring through agents or representatives. Foreign shipping companies may hire
through duly authorized shipping or manning agents if the latter comply with the following requirements:

(a) Registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Bureau of Domestic Trade, as the
case may be;

(b) Submission to the Board of a special power of attorney from their foreign principals which shall include
the power to sue and be sued in their behalf;
(c) Submission to the Board for approval of the employment contracts, salary scales and other documents
the Board may require;

(d) Submission to the Board of their agency or manning contracts with their foreign principals; and

(e) Other requirements the Board may impose.

Section 3. Power to modify and revise hiring procedures. The Board may amend, alter or modify the manner
and/or procedure of recruitment, hiring and placement of seamen to make them more responsive to the demands
for Filipino seamen.

Section 4. Registration of Seamen. All seamen applicants should register with the Board when applying with an
authorized shipping or manning agent for employment on board a foreign-going vessel.

Section 5. Qualifications for registration. To qualify for registration, an applicant must:

(a) Be a Filipino citizen;

(b) Be at least 18 years of age;

(c) Be physically and mentally fit for employment as a seaman; and

(d) Have adequate training or experience for employment as seaman.

Section 6. Supporting documents. The applicant shall also submit the following documents to complete his
registration:

(a) Professional license;

(b) Diploma or certification of educational and other training;

(c) Seaman Continuous Discharge Book;

(d) Certificate of employment and/or service record; and

(e) Other documents the Board may require.

Section 7. Power to hear and decide cases. The Board shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction over disputes
arising out of or in connection with, the employment of all Filipino seamen on board vessels engaged in overseas
trade. Its decision in such cases shall be appealable by any aggrieved party to the National Labor Relations
Commission within the same period and upon the same grounds provided in Article 223 of the Code.

Section 8. Model contract of employment. The Board shall adopt a standard format of service agreement in
accordance with pertinent labor and special legislations and the prevailing standards set by applicable
International Labor Organization Conventions. The standard format shall set the minimum standards of the terms
and conditions to govern the employment of Filipino seafarers, but in no case shall a shipboard employment
contract be allowed where the same provides for benefits less than those enumerated in the model employment
contract, or in any way conflict with any other provision embodied in the standard format.

Section 9. Sanctions. The Board may ban, prohibit or prevent foreign shipping companies, their agents or
representatives from hiring Filipino seamen if they are shown to have repeatedly or grossly violated pertinent
provisions of the Code, these rules and regulations and issuances of the Department of Labor and Employment,
provisions of the Code, these rules and regulations and issuances of the Department of Labor and Employment,
the Board and the Central Bank of the Philippines.

Section 10. No service charge. No fees shall be charged from the seamen for services in connection with their
recruitment and placement. All expenses for hiring seamen shall be shouldered by foreign shipping principals.

Section 11. Fees from employers. The Board shall collect from shipping companies fees to cover reasonable
expenses of recruitment and placement of seamen hired through the Board.

Section 12. Board to issue rules and regulations. The Board shall issue rules and regulations governing its
functions and responsibilities.

Rule XI
DISPUTES INVOLVING LAND-BASED OVERSEAS CONTRACT WORKERS

Section 1. Scope. This Rule shall govern the adjudication of complaints for violations of contracts or employer-
employee relations dispute arising from the recruitment, placement and employment of land-based overseas
contract workers, except cases involving workers recruited through the OEDB.

Section 2. Jurisdiction. The regional offices of the Department shall have the original and exclusive jurisdiction
over all matters or cases involving Filipino workers for overseas employment except seamen: Provided, that the
Bureau shall, in the case of the National Capital Region, exercise such power. The decisions of the regional
offices or the Bureau shall be appealable to the National Labor Relations Commission within the same period and
upon the same grounds provided in Article 223 of the Code.

Section 3. Who may file. Any aggrieved worker or his beneficiaries may file a complaint against any placement
agency, authority holder construction contractor or foreign based employer-principal or the latter's authorized
agent or representative. The employer or his representative may also file a complaint against a worker for breach
of the employment contract or for other violations of the terms and conditions of the employment contract.

Section 4. Venue. Any complainant may file a complaint with the Bureau or with the Regional Office where the
contract of employment was originally executed.

Section 5. Action of complaints. Upon receipt of the complaint the Bureau or the Regional Office shall
immediately summon the parties for the purpose of conciliating the dispute. If the dispute is not settled within
fifteen (15) days from the date of the first conciliation meeting, the Bureau Director shall hear and decide the
case; where the case falls under the jurisdiction of the Regional Office, the Regional Director shall assign the
same to a Labor Arbiter for compulsory arbitration.

Rule XII
ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT

Section 1. Basis for recommending arrest and detention. The Secretary may recommend to the appropriate
authority the arrest and detention of any person for illegal recruitment if he is satisfied from the preliminary
examination conducted by him or by his duly authorized representative that the act constituting illegal recruitment
has been committed and that the particular person has committed it.

Section 2. Preliminary examination. Preliminary examination shall be considered as sufficient basis for
recommending arrest and detention if the witness or witnesses have been examined personally by the Secretary
or his duly authorized representative and the examination is reduced to writing under oath in the form of
searching questions and answers.

Section 3. Secretariat on illegal recruitment. The Bureau shall serve as the secretariat of the inter-agency Council
on Illegal Recruitment established under LOI 324. It shall provide the necessary personnel, facilities and support
services to the campaign against illegal recruitment and shall coordinate activities for the council for such
purpose.

Rule XIII
FOREIGN EXCHANGE REMITTANCE

Section 1. Coverage. This Rule shall apply to every contract worker and seaman recruits. It shall also apply to
licensed or authorized recruiters and/or their foreign principals or employers.

Section 2. Obligation to remit. It shall be mandatory for a worker or seaman to remit regularly a portion of his
foreign exchange earnings abroad to his beneficiary, through the Philippine banking system. This obligation shall
be stipulated in the following documents:

a) Contract of employment and/or service between foreign based employer and a worker;

b) Affidavit of undertaking whereby a worker obligates himself to remit a portion of his earnings to his
beneficiaries; and

c) Application for a license or authority to recruit workers.

Section 2-A. Obligation to Report. Agencies and entities shall submit periodic reports to the Central Bank of the
Philippines on their foreign exchange earnings, copies of which shall be furnished by the Administration.
Philippines on their foreign exchange earnings, copies of which shall be furnished by the Administration.
Section 3. Amount of foreign exchange remittances. The amount of foreign exchange remittance referred to in
Section 2 hereof, shall be a minimum of 70% of the overseas workers basic salary in foreign exchange in the case
of construction and sea-based workers; and a minimum of 50% in the case of other workers.

Section 4. Form of Remittance. Remittance of foreign exchange may be done individually by a worker or
collectively through an employer under a payroll deduction scheme, to be approved by the Bureau, NSB, OEDB
as appropriate.

Section 5. Procedure of remittance. (a) The workers, prior to departure, shall open a deposit account in favor of
his beneficiary in any Philippine bank. A foreign currency account may also be opened by the worker.

The applicant shall inform the Bureau, the OEDB or NSB, as the case may be his deposit account number.

(b) In the case of seamen, construction workers and other organized work crews involving at least twenty-
five (25) workers, the foreign currency/peso account shall be opened by the employer with any Philippine
bank upon the signing of the employment contract. The account shall be accompanied by a covering letter
of nomination of beneficiaries and the date of payment of the allotment to the beneficiary as may be
stipulated by the employee and the licensed agency, manning agent or construction contractor.

(c) At the end of every period as may be stipulated in the notice as payment, the licensed agency,
construction contractor or manning agent shall prepare a payroll sheet indicating the names of workers
covered by the scheme, their beneficiaries, their individual bank account numbers, the amount of foreign
currency remitted and the peso equivalent thereof. This payroll sheet, together with the peso check
representing the remittances, shall be forwarded to the bank concerned with instruction to credit the
account of the worker or beneficiaries. A copy of the payroll sheet shall be furnished to the Bureau, OEDB
or NSB as the case may be, on a monthly basis.

Section 6. Permanent Secretariat. A permanent inter-agency Secretariat in the Department of Labor and
Employment to direct and monitor implementation of this Rule is hereby established. It shall have the power and
duty to:

a) Avail itself of the assistance of the agencies represented in the Foreign Exchange Remittance
Committee created under Letter of Instruction No. 90 to enable it to effectively carry out its duties.

b) Assist the committee in carrying out a continuing informational and educational campaign to promote
foreign exchange remittance by workers.

c) Establish and maintain an information monitoring system to determine periodically the status of
remittances, particularly the number of remitters, amount and nature of remittances, amounts actually
received by the beneficiaries, etc.

Section 7. Responsibility of employer or his representative. The employer or his representative shall undertake
the proper implementation of this Rule by providing facilities to effect the remittances and monitoring of foreign
exchange earnings. Failure to do so shall be subject to appropriate sanctions specified in the Code and Central
Bank regulations.

Section 8. Failure or refusal to remit and trafficking in foreign currency. A worker who willfully fails or refuses to
remit the assigned portion of his foreign exchange earnings or is found to be engaged or is engaging in the illegal
traffic or blackmarket of foreign exchange shall be liable under this Code and existing Central Bank rules.

Rule XIV
EMPLOYMENT OF ALIENS

Section 1. Coverage. This Rule shall apply to all aliens employed or seeking employment in the Philippines, and
their present or prospective employers.

Section 2. Submission of list. All employers employing foreign nationals, whether resident or non-resident shall
submit a list of such nationals to the Bureau indicating their names, citizenship, foreign and local addresses;
nature of employment and status of stay in the Philippines.

Section 3. Registration of resident aliens. All employed resident aliens shall register with the Bureau under such
guidelines as may be issued by it.

Section 4. Employment permit required for entry. No alien seeking employment, whether on resident or non-
resident status, may enter the Philippines without first securing an employment permit from the Department of
Labor and Employment. If an alien enters the country under a non-working visa and wishes to be employed
thereafter, he may only be allowed to be employed upon presentation of a duly approved employment permit.

Section 5. Requirements for employment permit application. The application for an employment permit shall be
accompanied by the following:

(a) Curriculum vitae duly signed by the applicant indicating his educational background, his work
experience and other data showing that he possesses high technical skills in his trade or profession;

(b) Contract of employment between the employer and the principal which shall embody the following,
 (b) Contract of employment between the employer and the principal which shall embody the following,
among others;

(1) That the non-resident alien worker shall comply with all applicable laws and rules and regulations
of the Philippines;

(2) That the non-resident alien worker and the employer shall bind themselves to train at least two
(2) Filipino understudies for a period to be determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment;
and

(3) That he shall not engage in any gainful employment other than that for which he was issued a
permit.

(c) A designation by the employer of at least two (2) understudies for every alien worker. Such understudies
must be the most ranking regular employees in the section or department for which the expatriates are
being hired to ensure the actual transfer of technology.

Section 6. Issuances of employment permit. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may issue an employment
permit to the applicant based on:

a) Compliance by the applicant and his employer with the requirements of Section 2 hereof;

b) Report of the Bureau Director as to the availability or non-availability of any person in the Philippines who
is competent, able, and willing to do the job for which the services of the applicant are desired;

c) His assessment as to whether or not the employment of the applicant will redound to the national
interest;

d) Admissibility of the alien as certified by the Commission on Immigration and Deportation; lawphi1.net

e) The recommendation of the Board of Investments or other appropriate government agencies if the
applicant will be employed in preferred areas of investments or in accordance with imperatives of economic
developments; and

f) Payments of a P100.00 fee.

Section 7. Duration of employment permit. Subject to renewal upon showing of good cause, the employment
permit shall be valid for a minimum period of one (1) year starting from the date of its issuance unless sooner
revoked by the Secretary of Labor and Employment for violation of any provisions of the Code or of these Rules.

Section 8. Advice to Commission on Immigration and Deportation. The Bureau shall advice the Commission on
Immigration and Deportation on the issuance of an employment permit to an applicant.

Section 9. Understudy Training Program. The employer shall submit a training program for his understudies to
the Bureau within thirty (30) days upon arrival of the alien workers. The supervision of the training program shall
be the responsibility of the Bureau and shall be in accordance with standards established by the Secretary of
Labor and Employment.

Book Two
NATIONAL MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Rule 1

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Section 1. Definition of terms.

(a) "Council" refers to National Manpower and Youth \ Council.

(b) "Human resources development" refers to the process by which the actual and potential labor force is
made to systematically acquire greater knowledge, skills or capabilities for the nation's sustained economic
and social growth.

(c) "Manpower" is that portion of the population which has actual or potential capability to contribute to the
production of goods and services.

(d) "National Manpower Plan" refers to the plan formulated by the Council on the systematic determination
of manpower requirements and supply of the sectors of the economy over a future period of time. It shall
embody policies and strategies on how human resources can be improved in quality and productivity, how
they can be efficiently allocated to various employments, with a view to accelerating the attainment of the
country's overall economic and social objectives.

(e) "Training" is the systematic development of the attitude/knowledge/skill/behavior pattern required for the
adequate performance of a given job or task.

(f) "Training in vocation" refers to a range of activities aimed at providing the skills, knowledge, and
attitudes required for employment in a particular occupation, group, group of related occupations or
attitudes required for employment in a particular occupation, group, group of related occupations or
functions in a field of economic activity.

(g) "Basic skills training" refers to the first stage of the learning process of a vocational character for a given
task, job, occupation or group of occupations, aimed at developing the fundamental
attitude/knowledge/skill/behavior pattern to specified standards. This covers any of the following:

(1) "Pre-entry training" is a basic skills training for immediate entry into the working environment.

(2) "Accelerated training" is basic skills training of a short-term nature for jobs with a defined level of
qualifications. This usually refers to a rapid paced, condensed vocational training to fill immediate
manpower needs.

(h) "Further training" refers to that part of vocational training which follows basic training, usually within the
framework of a training program or scheme, for recognized qualifications. This covers any or all of the
following:

(1) Upgrading training for supplementary skills and knowledge in order to increase the versatility and
occupational mobility of a worker or to improve his standard of performance.

(2) Updating training to improve the performance of people in their occupation in respect to modern
developments; new materials, tools, processes.

(3) Refresher process of further training in work currently performed in order to improve job
performance. This also refers to training to regain skills and knowledge which may have been partly
forgotten as a result of length interruptions in the performance of an occupation.

(4) Specialization training to consolidate, deepen and broaden skills and knowledge for a particular
task, function or aspect of a worker's occupation.

(5) Retraining for the acquisition of skills and knowledge required in an occupation other than the one
for which the person originally trained.

(i) "Entrepreneurship training" refers to the training schemes to develop persons for self-employment or for
organizing, financing and/or managing an enterprise.

(j) "Cooperative settlement training" refers to the training of a group of young people or farmer families in
modern methods in agriculture and cooperative living and subsequently to organize and locate them in
cooperative settlement.

(k) "Instructor training" is aimed at developing capacities of persons for imparting attitudes, knowledge,
skills and behavior patterns, required for specific jobs, tasks, occupations or group of related occupations.

(l) "Vocational preparation training" refers to a range of training activities primarily aimed at the youth and
covering any or all of the following:

(1) First introduction to work of a vocational character covering a range of occupational activities;

(2) Preparing the youth for choosing an occupation or a line of training;

(3) Acquainting the youth with different materials, tools, machines, procedures and elementary
theoretical knowledge relevant to a group of occupations;

(4) Providing the youth with working methods and standards expected at work; and

(5) Giving the youth basic knowledge about contributions which they may be able to make to the
economic and social development of the country.

(m) "Special project training" refers to an organized activity or sets of activities in aid of human resources
development which do not fall squarely under any of the previously described types of activities.

(n) "Skills standards" refers to a level or graduated levels of proficiency generally accepted by industry in
specific jobs, tasks, trades or occupations.

(o) "Trade" refers to any industrial craft or artisan occupation which is officially or traditionally recognized as
requiring special qualifications which can only be acquired through lengthy training, experience, and
practical and theoretical instruction.

(p) "Trade test" refers to examination or test to determine whether a person meets the standards of a
particular trade.

(q) "Employment" refers to renumerative work either for an employer or self-employment.

(r) "Occupation" refers to the collection of jobs which is sufficiently similar with regard to their main task to
be grouped together under a common title.
 (s) "Job" refers to all the tasks carried out by a particular person in the completion of his prescribed duties.

(t) "Task" refers to a major element of work or combination of elements by means of which a specific result
is achieved.

Rule II
FUNCTIONS AND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY

Section 1. Functions of the Council. The Council shall take charge of the training and development of human
resources, institutions, and formulate such integrated plans, policies, programs, and projects that will ensure
efficient and proper allocation, accelerated development and optimum utilization of the nation's manpower, and
thereby promote employment and accelerate economic and social growth.

Section 2. National manpower plan. The Council shall:

(a) Formulate a long term plan which shall be the controlling plan for the development of manpower
resources for the entire country;

(b) Carry out the approved manpower plan, and promulgate policies and standards for manpower and
youth development calculated to develop and upgrade occupational skills of the labor force.

Section 3. Administration of training programs. To integrate national manpower development efforts, the Council
shall coordinate all manpower training schemes, except apprenticeship and learnership programs, particularly
those having to do with the setting of skills standards. The Council may regulate existing manpower training
programs of the government and the private sector to make them conform with national development programs,
and for this purpose all manpower training programs shall be reported to the Council.

Section 4. Regional manpower development offices. The Council shall establish regional manpower development
offices for the effective supervision, coordination and integration of manpower training centers, programs and
projects, and all human resources development efforts in their respective jurisdictions.

Section 5. Industry boards. The Council shall set up industry boards to assist in the establishment of manpower
development schemes, trade and skills standards and such other functions as will provide direct participation of
employers and workers in the fulfillment of Council objectives.

Section 6. Incentive scheme. The Council shall establish an incentive scheme which shall provide additional tax
deduction to persons or enterprises undertaking development programs, other than apprenticeship, as approved
by the Council.

Section 7. Research. The Council shall conduct continuous assessment and study of the nature, behavior and
use of the country's stock of human resources and study areas directly or indirectly related to human resources
development. This it shall do by way of:

(a) Engaging directly in studies, researches and surveys; and

(b) Engaging the services of duly recognized and competent individuals, groups of individuals, institutions,
schools and universities or research outfits, through contracts, grants or any appropriate arrangement.

In any case, documents, materials or whatever output or results from the activities above shall form part of the
property of the Council.

Section 8. Evaluation. The Council shall evaluate the output of human resources development programs to gear
educational and training objectives to requirements of the annual investment priorities plan and maximum
economic growth.

Section 9. Training assistance. The Council shall provide training assistance to any employer or organization
upon approval of an appropriate project proposal.

Section 10. Employment promotion schemes. The Council shall adopt employment promotion schemes to
channel unemployed youth to meet manpower shortages or other occupations.

Section 11. Director-General authorized to enter into agreements. The Director-General, acting on behalf of the
Council, shall enter into agreements necessary to implement manpower programs, and act upon nominations of
Philippine citizens for training in other countries.

Section 12. Coordination of employment service. The Council shall coordinate employment service activities with
the Bureau of Employment Services particularly in the measurement of unemployment and under-employment,
the conduct of local manpower resources surveys and occupational studies including an inventory of the labor
force, and the establishment as well as maintenance without charge of a national register of technicians and other
skilled manpower who have successfully completed training programs under the Council, including its periodic
publication, and the maintenance of an adequate and up-to-date system of employment information.

Section 13. National standards of trade skills. The Council shall establish and implement a national standards of
trade skills, testing and certification.
Section 14. Administration of technical assistance programs. The Council shall exercise authority, administration,
and jurisdiction over ongoing technical assistance programs and grants-in-aids for manpower and youth
development, both local and foreign, through a system that shall be formulated by the Council.

Section 15. Annual report to the President. The Council shall report annually to the President on the progress of
the Manpower Plan.

Rule III
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Section 1. Responsibility of the NMYC for training and development. The NMYC shall provide, through its
Secretariat, instructor training, entrepreneurship development, training in vocations, trades and other fields of
employment, and assist any employer or organization in developing training schemes under such rules and
regulations as the Council may establish for this purpose.

Section 2. Integration of training programs. The Council shall coordinate all manpower training schemes,
apprenticeship and learnership programs, particularly the setting of skills standards. It may regulate existing
manpower training programs of the government and the private sector to make them conform with the national
development programs.

Section 3. Obligation to report. All manpower training programs, whether in the government or in the private
sector shall be reported to the Council in a form to be prescribed by it.

Section 4. Application for NMYC assistance. Any person or entity, private or public, that is engaged or desires to
engage in training may request the NMYC for assistance by filing with its Director-General an appropriate project
proposal.

Section 5. Requirements of training program proposal. The training program proposal shall be submitted in the
form prescribed by the NMYC. The proposal shall include, among others the following:

(a) Objectives of training;

(b) Type of training, whether for basic skills training, further training, instructor training, cooperative
settlement training, entrepreneurship training, vocational preparation training, and special projects training;

(c) Training schedules and program of activities;

(d) Educational background of the trainee;

(e) Course content or syllabus;

(f) Personnel requirements (training staff);

(g) Estimate of supplies and materials required;

(h) Training facilities and equipment;

(i) Cost estimates and budgetary allocation.

Section 6. Actions on application for training assistance. The Director-General shall approve or disapprove the
application within ninety (90) calendar days from submission thereof.

Section 7. Criteria for approval. The applicant shall qualify for assistance if he can establish to the satisfaction of
the Director-General that the project for which training assistance is being sought falls under NMYC priorities, is
feasible, is labor-intensive, has the built-in-capacity for job creation and placement, and that the applicant is in a
position to comply with the minimum requirements set by NMYC on training facilities, training staff, course
syllabus and training methodology.

Section 8. Allowable training expenses. The training assistance of NMYC shall be in the form of personal
services, travelling expenses, equipment, training tools, training supplies and materials, and a reasonable amount
for contingencies.

Section 9. Termination of training project. The Director-General may terminate any training program or project
should evaluation prove that the training center/project has not complied with any of the requirements of the
approved project proposal or should there be violation of any of the provisions of the relevant Memorandum
Agreement.

Section 10. Incentive scheme. An additional deduction from taxable income of one-half of the value of labor
training expenses incurred for developing or upgrading the productivity and efficiency of unskilled labor or for
management development programs shall be granted to the person or enterprise concerned, provided such
training program is approved by the Council and provided further that such deduction shall not exceed 10 percent
of direct labor wage.

There shall be a review of the said scheme two years after its implementation.

Section 11. Coverage of the incentive scheme. Subject to the limitations prescribed by law and these Rules,
Section 11. Coverage of the incentive scheme. Subject to the limitations prescribed by law and these Rules,
training expenses incurred in connection with organized manpower training programs may be deducted from the
taxable income of the person or enterprise concerned, provided such training programs shall have been
submitted to the NMYC for evaluation and approval except those covered by the apprenticeship program.

Training programs undertaken by training institutions and/or associations operating for profit shall not qualify
under this incentive scheme.

Rule IV
INDUSTRY BOARDS

Section 1. NMYC to establish industry boards. The Council shall establish industry boards to assist in the
establishment of manpower development schemes, trades and skills standards and such other functions as will
provide direct participation of employers and workers in the fulfillment of the Council's objectives in accordance
with the guidelines to be established by the Council in consultation with the National Economic and Development
Authority.

The maintenance and operation of the Industry Boards shall be financed through a funding scheme under such
rates of fees and manner of collection and disbursement as may be determined by the Council.

Section 2. Preparatory activities. In setting up such industry boards as may be necessary, the NMYC shall:

(a) Establish in consultation with industry and appropriate government agencies an Industry Classification
Scheme for the whole economy;

(b) Determine priority industries where Industry Boards should be set up; and

(c) Establish criteria for determining to which industry board a certain firm or establishment properly
belongs.

Section 3. Powers of the NMYC over the industry boards. The NMYC shall have the power and authority:

(a) To determine the composition of the industry boards;

(b) To establish the scope of authority, functions and relationships of the boards vis-a-vis other agencies
and organizations; and

(c) To determine the mode of financing for the boards.

Rule V
NATIONAL SKILLS STANDARDS

Section 1. Establishment of skills standards. There shall be national skills standards for industry trades to be
established by the Council in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations and appropriate
government authorities. The Council shall thereafter administer the national skills standards.

Section 2. Objectives. (a) To improve the level of skills of workers in industry;

(b) To assist in the development of human resources by providing a precise means of assessing the skilled
manpower of the country, both qualitatively and quantitatively; and

(c) To improve industrial relations by providing common ground for negotiations between employers and
workers relating to terms and conditions of skilled workers.

Section 3. Composition. There shall be set up a National Committee on Trade Skills Standards, Testing and
Certification, composed of the Director-General as Chairman, the Director of the National Manpower Skills Center,
the Director of the Bureau of Apprenticeship, and one representative each from industrial employers, industrial
workers, Department of Education, Culture and Sports, Department of Trade and Industry, organizations of
mechanical engineers, electrical/electronic engineers, and civil engineers.

Section 4. Functions. The National Committee on Trade Skills Standards, Testing and Certification shall have the
following functions and responsibilities:

(a) To propose for the approval of the Council national trade skills standards for various trades and
occupations;

(b) To approve trade tests appropriate to each national trade skill standards;

(c) To appoint trade committees of experts to advise the National Committee on the content of national
trade skills standards and the form of the trade tests; and

(d) To advise generally on the implementation of the national trade skills standards, testing and certification
program.

Section 5. Trade committees. There shall be created trade committees to be composed of experts from
government, employers, and employees' sectors, to advise the National Committee on the content of the
standards and the appropriate trade tests.
standards and the appropriate trade tests.

Section 6. Trade testing board. Trade testing and certification shall be carried out by a Trade Testing Board
composed of three persons representing government, employers and workers to be chosen by the National
Committee.

Rule VI
APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT OF SPECIAL WORKERS

Section 1. Objectives. The promotion, development, and maintenance of apprenticeship programs shall have the
following objectives:

(a) To meet the needs of the economy for training manpower in the widest possible range of employment;

(b) To establish a national apprenticeship program through the participation of employers, workers,
government, civic and other groups; and

(c) To establish apprenticeship standards for the protection of apprentices and upgrading of skills.

Section 2. Definition of terms.

(a) "Apprenticeship" means any training on the job supplemented by related theoretical instructions
involving apprenticeable occupations and trades as may be approved by the Secretary of Labor and
Employment.

(b) "Apprentice" is a worker who is covered by a written apprenticeship agreement with an employer.

(c) "Apprenticeship agreement" is a written employment contract wherein the employer binds himself to
train the apprentice and the latter in turn agrees to work for the employer.

(d) "Apprenticeable occupation" means any trade, form of employment or occupation approved for
apprenticeship by the Secretary of Labor and Employment, which requires for proficiency more than three
months of practical training on the job supplemented by related theoretical instructions.

(e) "Apprenticeship standards" means the written implementing plans and conditions of an apprenticeship
program.

(f) "Bureau" means the Bureau of Apprenticeship.

(g) "Employer" means the individual firm or any other entity qualified to hire apprentice under the Code.

(h) "On the job training" is the practical work experience through actual participation in productive activities
given to or acquired by an apprentice.

(i) "Related theoretical instructions" means technical information based on apprenticeship standards
approved by the Bureau designed to provide the apprentice theoretical competence in his trade.

(j) "Highly Technical Industries" means trade, business, enterprise, industry, or other activity, which is
engaged in the application of advanced technology.

Section 3. Voluntary nature of apprenticeship program. The organization of apprenticeship program shall be
primarily a voluntary undertaking of employers, except as otherwise provided.

Section 4. Venue of on-the-job training. The practical aspect of on-the-job training of apprentices may be
undertaken:

(a) In the plant, shop or premises of the employer or firm concerned if the apprenticeship program is
organized by an individual employer or firm;

(b) In the premises of one or several firms designated for the purpose by the organizer of the program if
such organizer is an association of employers, civic group and the like; and

(c) In a Department of Labor and Employment Training Center or other public training institutions with
which the Bureau has made appropriate arrangements.

Section 5. On-the-job training to be explicitly described. The manner in which practical or on-the-job training shall
be provided must be specifically described in the apprenticeship standards of a particular program.

Section 6. Recognition of apprenticeship programs. To enjoy the benefits which the Bureau or other government
agencies may extend to duly recognized apprenticeship programs, an employer shall submit in quadruplicate to
the Training Section of the appropriate Apprenticeship Division of the appropriate Regional Office the
apprenticeship standards of the proposed program prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the Bureau.

If the apprenticeship standards are found in order, a certificate of recognition shall be issued by the
Apprenticeship Division concerned within five (5) days from receipt thereof.

Section 7. Benefits accruing to recognition. An entity with a recognized apprenticeship program shall be entitled
Section 7. Benefits accruing to recognition. An entity with a recognized apprenticeship program shall be entitled
to technical and other assistance from the Bureau and other government agencies and to the corresponding
training-expense deduction from its income tax. The rate of such tax deduction incentive and the procedure of
availment thereof are provided in Section 42 of this Rule.

Section 8. Trades to be included in apprenticeship programs. Only trades and occupations declared
apprenticeable by the Secretary of Labor and Employment may be included in apprenticeship programs.

Section 9. Who may establish programs. Any entity, whether or not organized for profit may establish or sponsor
apprenticeship programs and employ apprentices.

Section 10. Assistance by non-profit entities. In lieu of organizing programs, non-profit entities may:

(a) Execute an agreement with firms of their choice with on-going apprenticeship programs, directly or
through the Department of Labor and Employment, assuming responsibility for training deserving
apprentices selected by an employer who shall pay the apprentices;

(b) Give financial and other contributions for the promotion of apprenticeship programs; or

(c) Provide other forms of assistance.

Apprentices who train under such programs shall be properly identified in apprenticeship agreements with the
employer. However, responsibility for compliance with employees' compensation, social security, medicare and
other labor laws shall remain with the employer who benefits from the productive efforts of the apprentices.

Section 11. Qualifications of apprentices. To qualify as apprentice, an applicant shall:

(a) Be at least fifteen years of age; provided those who are at least fifteen years of age but less than
eighteen may be eligible for apprenticeship only in non-hazardous occupations;

(b) Be physically fit for the occupation in which he desires to be trained;

(c) Possess vocational aptitude and capacity for the particular occupation as established through
appropriate tests; and

(d) Possess the ability to comprehend and follow oral and written instructions.

Trade and industry associations may, however, recommend to the Secretary of Labor and Employment
appropriate educational qualifications for apprentices in certain occupations. Such qualifications, if approved, shall
be the educational requirements for apprenticeship in such occupations unless waived by an employer in favor of
an applicant who has demonstrated exceptional ability. A certification explaining briefly the ground for such
waiver, and signed by the person in charge of the program, shall be attached to the apprenticeship agreement of
the applicant concerned.

Section 12. Aptitude tests. An employer who has a recognized apprenticeship program shall provide aptitude
tests to apprentice-applicants. However, if the employer does not have adequate facilities, the Department of
Labor and Employment may provide the service free of charge.

Section 13. Physical fitness. Total physical fitness need not be required of an apprentice-applicant unless it is
essential to the expeditious and effective learning of the occupation. Only physical defects which constitute real
impediments to effective performance as determined by the plant apprenticeship committee may disqualify an
applicant.

Section 14. Free physical examination. Physical examination of apprentice-applicant preparatory to employment
shall be provided free of charge by the Department of Health or any government hospital. If this is not feasible,
the firm or entity screening the applicant shall extend such service free of charge.

Any entity with an apprenticeship program may elect to assume the responsibility for physical examination
provided its facilities are adequate and all expenses are borne exclusively by it.

Section 15. Apprenticeable trades. The Bureau shall evaluate crafts and operative, technical, nautical,
commercial, clerical, technological, supervisory, service and managerial activities which may be declared
apprenticeable by the Secretary of Labor and Employment and shall have exclusive jurisdiction to formulate
model national apprenticeship standards therefor.

Section 16. Model standards. Model apprenticeship standards to be set by the Bureau shall include the following:

(a) Those affecting employment of apprentices under different occupational conditions;

(b) Those involving theoretical and proficiency tests for apprentices during their training;

(c) Areas and duration of work and study covered by on-the-job training and theoretical instructions of
apprenticeable trades and occupations; and

(d) Those referring to the qualifications of trainers of apprentices.

Section 17. Participation in standards setting. The Bureau may request any legitimate worker's and employer's
organizations, civic and professional groups, and other entities whether public or private, to assist in the
formulation of national apprenticeship standards.

Section 18. Contents of agreement. Every apprenticeship agreement shall include the following:

(a) The full names and addresses of the contracting parties;

(b) Date of birth of the apprentice;

(c) Name of the trade, occupation or job in which the apprentice will be trained and the dates on which such
training will begin and will approximately end;

(d) The approximate number of hours of on-the-job training as well as of supplementary theoretical
instructions which the apprentice shall undergo during his training;

(e) A schedule of the work processes of the trade/occupation in which the apprentice shall be trained and
the approximate time to be spent on the job in each process;

(f) The graduated scale of wages to be paid the apprentice;

(g) The probationary period of the apprentice during which either party may summarily terminate their
agreement; and

(h) A clause that if the employer is unable to fulfill his training obligation, he may transfer the agreement,
with the consent of the apprentice, to any other employer who is willing to assume such obligation.

Section 19. Apprenticeship period. The period of apprenticeship shall not exceed six (6) months.

(a) Four hundred (400) hours or two (2) months for trades or occupations which normally require a year or
more for proficiency; and

(b) Two hundred (200) hours or one (1) month for occupations and jobs which require more than three
months but less than one year for proficiency.

At least five (5) working days before the actual date of termination, the party terminating shall serve a written
notice on the other, stating the reason for such decision and a copy of said notice shall be furnished the
Apprenticeship Division concerned.

Section 20. Hours of work. Hours of work of the apprentice shall not exceed the maximum number of hours of
work prescribed by law, if any, for a worker of his age and sex. Time spent in related theoretical instructions shall
be considered as hours of work and shall be reckoned jointly with on-the-job training time in computing in the
agreement the appropriate periods for giving wage increases to the apprentice.

An apprentice not otherwise barred by law from working eight hours a day may be requested by his employer to
work overtime and paid accordingly, provided there are no available regular workers to do the job, and the
overtime work thus rendered is duly credited toward his training time.

Section 21. Previous training or experience. A prospective apprentice who has completed or otherwise attended
a vocational course in a duly recognized trade or vocational school or training center or who has had previous
experience in the trade or occupation in which he desires to be apprenticed shall be given due credit therefor.

Both practical and theoretical knowledge shall be evaluated and the credit shall appear in the apprenticeship
agreement which shall have the effect of shortening the training and servicing as a basis for promoting him to a
higher wage level. Such credit shall be expressed in terms of hours.

Section 22. Parties to agreement. Every apprenticeship agreement shall be signed by the employer or his duly
authorized representative and by the apprentice.

An apprenticeship agreement with a minor shall be signed in his behalf by his parent or guardian, or if the latter is
not available, by an authorized representative of the Department of Labor and Employment.

Section 23. Bureau and Apprenticeship Division of Regional Office concerned to be furnished copy of agreement.
The employer shall furnish a copy of the apprenticeship agreement to the Bureau and Apprenticeship Division of
Regional Office concerned and the agency which shall provide related theoretical instructions if the employer is
not the one who will give such instructions. The copies shall be sent by the employer within five (5) working days
from the date of execution thereof. If the agreement is found defective and serious damage would be sustained
by either party if such defect is not corrected, the Apprenticeship Division shall advise the employer within five (5)
working days not to implement the agreement pending amendment thereof. Other defects may be correlated
without suspending the effectivity of the agreement.

Section 24. Enforcement of agreement. No person shall institute any action for the enforcement of any
apprenticeship agreement or for damages for breach thereof, unless he has exhausted all available
administrative remedies. The plant apprenticeship committee shall have initial responsibility for settling differences
arising out of apprenticeship agreements.
arising out of apprenticeship agreements.

Section 25. Valid cause to terminate agreement. Either party to an agreement may terminate the same after the
probationary period only for a valid cause. The following are valid causes for termination:

By the employer (a) Habitual absenteeism in on-the-job training and related theoretical instructions;

(b) Willful disobedience of company rules or insubordination to lawful order of a superior;

(c) Poor physical condition, permanent disability or prolonged illness which incapacitates the apprentice
from working;

(d) Theft or malicious destruction of company property and/or equipment;

(e) Poor efficiency or performance on the job or in the classroom for a prolonged period despite warnings
duly given to the apprentice; and

(f) Engaging in violence or other forms of gross misconduct inside the employer's premises.

By the apprentice (a) Substandard or deleterious working conditions within the employer's premises:

(b) Repeated violations by the employer of the terms of the apprenticeship agreement;

(c) Cruel or inhuman treatment by the employer or his subordinates;

(d) Personal problems which in the opinion of the apprentice shall prevent him from a satisfactory
performance of his job; and

(e) Bad health or continuing illness.

Section 26. Procedure of termination. The procedure for effecting termination shall be embodied in appropriate
instructions to be prepared by the Bureau and approved by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Section 27. Theoretical instructions by employer. Related theoretical instructions to apprentices may be
undertaken by the employer himself if he has adequate facilities and qualified instructors for the purpose. He shall
indicate his intention to assume such responsibility in the apprenticeship standard of his program. The course
outline and the bio-data of the instructors who will conduct the course shall conform with the standards set by the
Department.

Section 28. Ratio of theoretical instruction and on-the-job training. The normal ratio is one hundred (100) hours
of theoretical instructions for every two thousand (2,000) hours of practical or on-the-job training. Theoretical
instructions time for occupations requiring less than two thousand hours for proficiency shall be computed on the
basis of such ratio.

Section 29. Wages. The wage rate of the apprentice shall start at seventy five (75%) per cent of the statutory
minimum wage for the first six (6) months; thereafter, he shall be paid the full minimum wage, including the full
cost of living allowance.

Section 30. Tripartite apprenticeship committees. The creation of a plant apprenticeship committee for every
apprenticeship program shall be necessary. The Department of Labor and Employment shall encourage the
organization of apprenticeship committees at trade, industry or other levels. As much as possible these
committees shall consist of management, labor and government representatives.

Section 31. Non-tripartite committees. Where tripartism is not feasible, the apprenticeship committee may be
composed of:

(a) Technical personnel in the plant, trade or industry concerned;

(b) Labor and management representatives.

Representatives of cooperative, civic and other groups may also participate in such committees.

Section 32. Duties of apprenticeship committees. An apprenticeship committee at any level shall be responsible
for the following duties:

(a) Act as liaison between the apprentice and the employees.

(b) Mediate and/or settle in the first instance differences between the employer and the apprentices arising
out of an apprenticeship agreement;

(c) Maintain a constant follow-up on the technical progress of the program and of the apprentices in
particular;

(d) Recommend to the Apprenticeship Division of the Regional Office concerned the issuance of certificates
of completion to apprentices.

Section 33. Creation of ad hoc advisory committees. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may create ad hoc
Section 33. Creation of ad hoc advisory committees. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may create ad hoc
committees consisting of representatives of management, labor and government on the national, regional and
local levels to advise and assist him in the formulation of policy, promotion of apprenticeship and other matters he
may deem appropriate to refer to them.

Section 34. Use of training centers. The Department may utilize the facilities and services of the National
Manpower and Youth Council, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports and other public training
institutions for the training of apprentices.

Section 35. Coordination of training activities. The apprenticeship Division shall coordinate with the above training
centers all activities relating to apprenticeship. The Bureau, through the Apprenticeship Division, shall provide
technical guidance and advice to the centers.

Section 36. Priority in use of training centers. Priority in the use of training centers shall be given to recognized
apprenticeship programs in skills which are highly in demand in specific regions or localities as determined
through surveys. The Bureau shall recommend to the Secretary of Labor and Employment the establishment of
priorities based on data supplied by the Bureau of Local Employment, Labor Statistics Service, the National
Manpower and Youth Council, and its own fundings. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may, however, also
act on the basis of petitions presented by qualified entities which are willing to bear the costs of training.

Section 37. Issuance of certificates. Upon completion of his training, the apprentice shall be issued a certificate of
completion of apprenticeship by the Apprenticeship Division of the Regional Office concerned.

Section 38. Certificate of meritorious service. A certificate of meritorious service may be awarded by the
Secretary of Labor and Employment to apprenticeship committees or other entities which have rendered
outstanding service to the cause of apprenticeship.

Section 39. Certificate, evidence of skills. A certificate of completion of apprenticeship shall be evidence of the
skills specified therein in accordance with national skills standards established by the Department.

Section 40. Apprenticeship without compensation. The Secretary of Labor and Employment through the
Apprenticeship Division, may authorize the hiring of apprentices without compensation whose training on the job
is required by the school curriculum as a prerequisite for graduation or for taking a government board
examination.

Section 41. Compulsory apprenticeship. (a) When grave national emergencies, particularly those involving the
security of the state, arise or particular requirements of economic development so demand, the Secretary of
Labor and Employment may recommend to the President of the Philippines the compulsory training of
apprentices required in a certain trades, occupations, jobs or employment levels where shortage of trained
manpower is deemed critical;

(b) Where services of foreign technicians are utilized by private companies in apprenticeable trades said
companies are required to set up appropriate apprenticeship programs.

Section 42. Certification from Apprenticeship Division. An employer desiring to avail of the tax deduction provided
under the Code shall secure from the Apprenticeship Division a certification that his apprenticeship program was
operational during the taxable year concerned. Such certification shall be attached to the employer's income tax
returns for the particular year. Guidelines for the issuance of such certification shall be prepared by the Bureau
and approved by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Rule VII
LEARNERS

Section 1. Definition of terms. (a) "Learner" is a person hired as a trainee in industrial occupations which are non-
apprenticeable and which may be learned through practical training on the job for a period not exceeding three
(3) months, whether or not such practical training is supplemented by theoretical instructions.

(b) "Learnership agreement" refers to the employment and training contract entered into between the
employer and the learner.

Section 2. When learners may be employed. Learners may be employed when no experienced workers are
available, the employment of learners being necessary to prevent curtailment of employment opportunities, and
such employment will not create unfair competition in terms of labor costs nor impair working standards.

Section 3. Approval of learnership program. Any employer who intends to employ learners shall submit in writing
to the Apprenticeship Division of the Regional Office concerned, copy furnished the Bureau, his learnership
program, which the Division shall evaluate to determine if the occupation involved is learnable and the program is
sufficient for the purpose of training. Within five (5) working days from receipt of the program, the Division shall
make known its decision to the employer concerned. A learnership program shall be subject to periodic inspection
by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized representative.

Section 4. Contents of learnership agreement. A learnership agreement, shall include:

(a) The names and addresses of the employer and the learner;

(b) The occupation to be learned and the duration of the training period which shall not exceed three (3)
months;
 months;

(c) The wage of learner which shall be at least 75 percent of the applicable minimum wage; and

(d) A commitment to employ the learner, if he so desires, as a regular employee upon completion of
training.

A learner who has worked during the first two months shall be deemed a regular employee if training is
terminated by the employer before the end of the stipulated period through no fault of the learner.

Section 5. Parties to learnership agreement. Every learnership agreement shall be signed by the employer or his
duly authorized agent and by the learner. A learnership agreement with a minor shall be signed by the learner
with the conformity of his parent or guardian.

The employer shall furnish a copy each of the learnership agreement to the learner, the Bureau, and the
Apprenticeship Division of the appropriate Regional Office within five (5) working days following its execution by
the parties.

Section 6. Employment of minors as learners. A minor below fifteen (15) years of age shall not be eligible for
employment as a learner. Those below eighteen (18) years of age may only be employed in non-hazardous
occupations.

Section 7. Cancellation of learnership programs. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may cancel any
learnership program if upon inquiry it is found that the justification for the program no longer exists.

Rule VIII
HANDICAPPED WORKERS

Section 1. Definition of terms. (a) "Handicapped workers" are those whose earning capacity is impaired by age or
physical or mental deficiency or injury.

(b) "Employment agreement" is the contract of employment entered into between the employer and the
handicapped worker.

Section 2. When handicapped workers may be employed. Handicapped workers may be employed when their
employment is necessary to prevent curtailment of employment opportunities and when it does not create unfair
competition in labor costs or impair working standards.

Section 3. Contents of employment agreement. An employer who hires a handicapped worker shall enter into an
employment agreement with the latter which shall include:

(a) The names and addresses of the employer and the handicapped worker;

(b) The rate of pay of the handicapped worker which shall not be less than seventy-five (75%) percent of
the legal minimum wage;

(c) The nature of work to be performed by the handicapped worker; and

(d) The duration of the employment.

Section 4. Copy of agreement to be furnished to Division. A copy each of the employment agreement shall be
furnished by the employer to the handicapped worker and the Apprenticeship Division involved. The Secretary of
Labor and Employment or his duly authorized representative may inspect from time to time the working conditions
of handicapped workers to verify compliance by the parties with their employment agreement.

Section 5. Eligibility for apprenticeship. Handicapped workers shall not be precluded from employment as
apprentices or learners if their handicap is not such as to effectively impede the performance of job operations in
the particular trade or occupation which is the subject of the apprenticeship or learnership program.

Book Three

CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT

Rule 1
HOURS OF WORK

Section 1. General statement on coverage. The provisions of this Rule shall apply to all employees in all
establishments and undertakings, whether operated for profit or not, except to those specifically exempted under
Section 2 hereof.

Section 2. Exemption. The provisions of this Rule shall not apply to the following persons if they qualify for
exemption under the conditions set forth herein:

(a) Government employees whether employed by the National Government or any of its political
subdivision, including those employed in government-owned and/or controlled corporations;

(b) Managerial employees, if they meet all of the following conditions:

 (b) Managerial employees, if they meet all of the following conditions:

(1) Their primary duty consists of the management of the establishment in which they are employed
or of a department or sub-division thereof.

(2) They customarily and regularly direct the work of two or more employees therein.

(3) They have the authority to hire or fire employees of lower rank; or their suggestions and
recommendations as to hiring and firing and as to the promotion or any other change of status of
other employees, are given particular weight.

(c) Officers or members of a managerial staff if they perform the following duties and responsibilities:

(1) The primary duty consists of the performance of work directly related to management policies of
their employer;

(2) Customarily and regularly exercise discretion and independent judgment; and

(3) (i) Regularly and directly assist a proprietor or a managerial employee whose primary duty
consists of the management of the establishment in which he is employed or subdivision thereof; or
(ii) execute under general supervision work along specialized or technical lines requiring special
training, experience, or knowledge; or (iii) execute, under general supervision, special assignments
and tasks; and

(4) Who do not devote more than 20 percent of their hours worked in a work week to activities which
are not directly and closely related to the performance of the work described in paragraphs (1), (2)
and (3) above.

(d) Domestic servants and persons in the personal service of another if they perform such services in
the employer's home which are usually necessary or desirable for the maintenance and enjoyment
thereof, or minister to the personal comfort, convenience, or safety of the employer as well as the
members of his employer's household.

(e) Workers who are paid by results, including those who are paid on piece-work, "takay," "pakiao" or
task basis, and other non-time work if their output rates are in accordance with the standards
prescribed under Section 8, Rule VII, Book Three of these regulations, or where such rates have
been fixed by the Secretary of Labor and Employment in accordance with the aforesaid Section.

(f) Non-agricultural field personnel if they regularly perform their duties away from the principal or
branch office or place of business of the employer and whose actual hours of work in the field cannot
be determined with reasonable certainty.

Section 3. Hours worked. The following shall be considered as compensable hours worked:

(a) All time during which an employee is required to be on duty or to be at the employer's premises or to be
at a prescribed work place; and

(b) All time during which an employee is suffered or permitted to work.

Section 4. Principles in determining hours worked. The following general principles shall govern in determining
whether the time spent by an employee is considered hours worked for purposes of this Rule:

(a) All hours are hours worked which the employee is required to give his employer, regardless of whether
or not such hours are spent in productive labor or involve physical or mental exertion.

(b) An employee need not leave the premises of the work place in order that his rest period shall not be
counted, it being enough that he stops working, may rest completely and may leave his work place, to go
elsewhere, whether within or outside the premises of his work place.

(c) If the work performed was necessary, or it benefited the employer, or the employee could not abandon
his work at the end of his normal working hours because he had no replacement, all time spent for such
work shall be considered as hours worked, if the work was with the knowledge of his employer or
immediate supervisor.

(d) The time during which an employee is inactive by reason of interruptions in his work beyond his control
shall be considered working time either if the imminence of the resumption of work requires the employee's
presence at the place of work or if the interval is too brief to be utilized effectively and gainfully in the
employee's own interest.

Section 5. Waiting time. (a) Waiting time spent by an employee shall be considered as working time if waiting is
an integral part of his work or the employee is required or engaged by the employer to wait.

(b) An employee who is required to remain on call in the employer's premises or so close thereto that he cannot
use the time effectively and gainfully for his own purpose shall be considered as working while on call. An
employee who is not required to leave word at his home or with company officials where he may be reached is
not working while on call.
Section 6. Lectures, meetings, training programs. Attendance at lectures, meetings, training programs, and other
similar activities shall not be counted as working time if all of the following conditions are met:

(a) Attendance is outside of the employee's regular working hours;

(b) Attendance is in fact voluntary; and

(c) The employee does not perform any productive work during such attendance.

Section 7. Meal and Rest Periods. Every employer shall give his employees, regardless of sex, not less than one
(1) hour time-off for regular meals, except in the following cases when a meal period of not less than twenty (20)
minutes may be given by the employer provided that such shorter meal period is credited as compensable hours
worked of the employee:

(a) Where the work is non-manual work in nature or does not involve strenuous physical exertion; lawphi1.net

(b) Where the establishment regularly operates not less than sixteen (16) hours a day;

(c) In case of actual or impending emergencies or there is urgent work to be performed on machineries,
equipment or installations to avoid serious loss which the employer would otherwise suffer; and

(d) Where the work is necessary to prevent serious loss of perishable goods.

Rest periods or coffee breaks running from five (5) to twenty (20) minutes shall be considered as compensable
working time.

Section 8. Overtime pay. Any employee covered by this Rule who is permitted or required to work beyond eight
(8) hours on ordinary working days shall be paid an additional compensation for the overtime work in the amount
equivalent to his regular wage plus at least twenty-five percent (25%) thereof.

Section 9. Premium and overtime pay for holiday and rest day work. (a) Except employees referred to under
Section 2 of this Rule, an employee who is permitted or suffered to work on special holidays or on his designated
rest days not falling on regular holidays, shall be paid with an additional compensation as premium pay of not less
than thirty percent (30%) of his regular wage. For work performed in excess of eight (8) hours on special holidays
and rest days not falling on regular holidays, an employee shall be paid an additional compensation for the
overtime work equivalent to his rate for the first eight hours on a special holiday or rest day plus at least thirty
percent (30%) thereof.

(b) Employees of public utility enterprises as well as those employed in non-profit institutions and
organizations shall be entitled to the premium and overtime pay provided herein, unless they are
specifically excluded from the coverage of this Rule as provided in Section 2 hereof.

(c) The payment of additional compensation for work performed on regular holidays shall be governed by
Rule IV, Book Three, of these Rules.

Section 10. Compulsory overtime work. In any of the following cases, an employer may require any of his
employees to work beyond eight (8) hours a day, provided that the employee required to render overtime work is
paid the additional compensation required by these regulations:

(a) When the country is at war or when any other national or local emergency has been declared by
Congress or the Chief Executive;

(b) When overtime work is necessary to prevent loss of life or property, or in case of imminent danger to
public safety due to actual or impending emergency in the locality caused by serious accident, fire, floods,
typhoons, earthquake, epidemic or other disaster or calamities;

(c) When there is urgent work to be performed on machines, installations, or equipment, in order to avoid
serious loss or damage to the employer or some other causes of similar nature;

(d) When the work is necessary to prevent loss or damage to perishable goods;

(e) When the completion or continuation of work started before the 8th hour is necessary to prevent serious
obstruction or prejudice to the business or operations of the employer; or

(f) When overtime work is necessary to avail of favorable weather or environmental conditions where
performance or quality of work is dependent thereon.

In cases not falling within any of these enumerated in this Section, no employee may be made to work beyond
eight hours a day against his will.

Rule I-A
HOURS OF WORK OF HOSPITAL AND CLINIC PERSONNEL

Section 1. General statement on coverage. This Rule shall apply to:

 (a) All hospitals and clinics, including those with a bed capacity of less than one hundred (100) which are
situated in cities or municipalities with a population of one million or more; and

(b) All hospitals and clinics with a bed capacity of at least one hundred (100), irrespective of the size of the
population of the city or municipality where they may be situated.

Section 2. Hospitals or clinics within the meaning of this Rule. The terms "hospitals" and "clinics" as used in this
Rule shall mean a place devoted primarily to the maintenance and operation of facilities for the diagnosis,
treatment and care of individuals suffering from illness, disease, injury, or deformity, or in need of obstetrical or
other medical and nursing care. Either term shall also be construed as any institution, building, or place where
there are installed beds, or cribs, or bassinets for twenty-four (24) hours use or longer by patients in the treatment
of disease, injuries, deformities, or abnormal physical and mental states, maternity cases or sanitorial care; or
infirmaries, nurseries, dispensaries, and such other similar names by which they may be designated.

Section 3. Determination of bed capacity and population. (a) For purposes of determining the applicability of this
Rule, the actual bed capacity of the hospital or clinic at the time of such determination shall be considered,
regardless of the actual or bed occupancy. The bed capacity of hospital or clinic as determined by the Bureau of
Medical Services pursuant to Republic Act No. 4226, otherwise known as the Hospital Licensure Act, shall prima
facie be considered as the actual bed capacity of such hospital or clinic.

(b) The size of the population of the city or municipality shall be determined from the latest official census
issued by the Bureau of the Census and Statistics.

Section 4. Personnel covered by this Rule. This Rule applies to all persons employed by any private or public
hospital or clinic mentioned in Section 1 hereof, and shall include, but not limited to, resident physicians, nurses,
nutritionists, dieticians, pharmacists, social workers, laboratory technicians paramedical technicians,
psychologists, midwives, and attendants.

Section 5. Regular working hours. The regular working hours of any person covered by this Rule shall not be
more than eight (8) hours in any one day nor more than forty (40) hours in any one week.

For purposes of this Rule a "day" shall mean a work day of twenty-four (24) consecutive hours beginning at the
same time each calendar year. A "week" shall mean the work of 168 consecutive hours, or seven consecutive 24-
hour work days, beginning at the same hour and on the same calendar day each calendar week.

Section 6. Regular working days. The regular working days of covered employees shall not be more than five
days in a work week. The work week may begin at any hour and on any day, including Saturday or Sunday,
designated by the employer.

Employers are not precluded from changing the time at which the work day or work week begins, provided that
the change is not intended to evade the requirements of this Rule.

Section 7. Overtime work. Where the exigencies of the service so require as determined by the employer, any
employee covered by this Rule may be scheduled to work for more than five (5) days or forty (40) hours a week,
provided that the employee is paid for the overtime work an additional compensation equivalent to his regular
wage plus at least thirty percent (30%) thereof, subject to the provisions of this Book on the payment of additional
compensation for work performed on special and regular holidays and on rest days.

Section 8. Hours worked. In determining the compensable hours of work of hospital and clinic personnel covered
by this Rule, the pertinent provisions of Rule 1 of this Book shall apply.

Section 9. Additional compensation. Hospital and clinic personnel covered by this Rule, with the exception of
those employed by the Government, shall be entitled to an additional compensation for work performed on
regular and special holidays and rest days as provided in this Book. Such employees shall also be entitled to
overtime pay for services rendered in excess of forty hours a week, or in excess of eight hours a day, whichever
will yield the higher additional compensation to the employee in the work week.

Section 10. Relation to Rule I. All provisions of Rule I of this Book which are not inconsistent with this Rule shall
be deemed applicable to hospital and clinic personnel.

Rule II
NIGHT SHIFT DIFFERENTIAL

Section 1. Coverage. This Rule shall apply to all employees except:

(a) Those of the government and any of its political subdivisions, including government-owned and/or
controlled corporations;

(b) Those of retail and service establishments regularly employing not more than five (5) workers;

(c) Domestic helpers and persons in the personal service of another;

(d) Managerial employees as defined in Book Three of this Code;

(e) Field personnel and other employees whose time and performance is unsupervised by the employer
 (e) Field personnel and other employees whose time and performance is unsupervised by the employer
including those who are engaged on task or contract basis, purely commission basis, or those who are paid
a fixed amount for performing work irrespective of the time consumed in the performance thereof.

Section 2. Night shift differential. An employee shall be paid night shift differential of no less than ten per cent
(10%) of his regular wage for each hour of work performed between ten o'clock in the evening and six o'clock in
the morning.

Section 3. Additional compensation. Where an employee is permitted or suffered to work on the period covered
after his work schedule, he shall be entitled to his regular wage plus at least twenty-five per cent (25%) and an
additional amount of no less than ten per cent (10%) of such overtime rate for each hour or work performed
between 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.
Section 4. Additional compensation on scheduled rest day/special holiday. An employee who is required or
permitted to work on the period covered during rest days and/or special holidays not falling on regular holidays,
shall be paid a compensation equivalent to his regular wage plus at least thirty (30%) per cent and an additional
amount of not less than ten (10%) per cent of such premium pay rate for each hour of work performed.

Section 5. Additional compensation on regular holidays. For work on the period covered during regular holidays,
an employee shall be entitled to his regular wage during these days plus an additional compensation of no less
than ten (10%) per cent of such premium rate for each hour of work performed.

Section 6. Relation to agreements. Nothing in this Rule shall justify an employer in withdrawing or reducing any
benefits, supplements or payments as provided in existing individual or collective agreements or employer
practice or policy.

Rule III
WEEKLY REST PERIODS

Section 1. General statement on coverage. This Rule shall apply to all employers whether operating for profit or
not, including public utilities operated by private persons.

Section 2. Business on Sundays/Holidays. All establishments and enterprises may operate or open for business
on Sundays and holidays provided that the employees are given the weekly rest day and the benefits as provided
in this Rule.

Section 3. Weekly rest day. Every employer shall give his employees a rest period of not less than twenty-four
(24) consecutive hours after every six consecutive normal work days.

Section 4. Preference of employee. The preference of the employee as to his weekly day of rest shall be
respected by the employer if the same is based on religious grounds. The employee shall make known his
preference to the employer in writing at least seven (7) days before the desired effectivity of the initial rest day so
preferred.

Where, however, the choice of the employee as to his rest day based on religious grounds will inevitably result in
serious prejudice or obstruction to the operations of the undertaking and the employer cannot normally be
expected to resort to other remedial measures, the employer may so schedule the weekly rest day of his choice
for at least two (2) days in a month.

Section 5. Schedule of rest day. (a) Where the weekly rest is given to all employees simultaneously, the
employer shall make known such rest period by means of a written notice posted conspicuously in the work place
at least one week before it becomes effective.

(b) Where the rest period is not granted to all employees simultaneously and collectively, the employer shall
make known to the employees their respective schedules of weekly rest through written notices posted
conspicuously in the work place at least one week before they become effective.

Section 6. When work on rest day authorized. An employer may require any of his employees to work on his
scheduled rest day for the duration of the following emergencies and exceptional conditions:

(a) In case of actual or impending emergencies caused by serious accident, fire, flood, typhoon,
earthquake, epidemic or other disaster or calamity, to prevent loss of life or property, or in cases of force
majeure or imminent danger to public safety;

(b) In case of urgent work to be performed on machineries, equipment or installations to avoid serious loss
which the employer would otherwise suffer;

(c) In the event of abnormal pressure of work due to special circumstances, where the employer cannot
ordinarily be expected to resort to other measures;

(d) To prevent serious loss of perishable goods;

(e) Where the nature of the work is such that the employees have to work continuously for seven (7) days
in a week or more, as in the case of the crew members of a vessel to complete a voyage and in other
similar cases; and
 (f) When the work is necessary to avail of favorable weather or environmental conditions where
performance or quality of work is dependent thereon.

No employee shall be required against his will to work on his scheduled rest day except under circumstances
provided in this Section: Provided, However, that where an employee volunteers to work on his rest day under
other circumstances, he shall express such desire in writing, subject to the provisions of Section 7 hereof
regarding additional compensation.

Section 7. Compensation on rest day/Sunday/holiday. (a) Except those employees referred to under Section 2,
Rule I, Book Three, an employee who is made or permitted to work on his scheduled rest day shall be paid with
an additional compensation of at least 30% of his regular wage. An employee shall be entitled to such additional
compensation for work performed on a Sunday only when it is his established rest day.

(b) Where the nature of the work of the employee is such that he has no regular work days and no regular
rest days can be scheduled, he shall be paid an additional compensation of at least 30% of his regular
wage for work performed on Sundays and holidays.

(c) Work performed on any special holiday shall be paid with an additional compensation of at least 30% of
the regular wage of the employees. Where such holiday work falls on the employee's scheduled rest day,
he shall be entitled to additional compensation of at least 50% of his regular wage.

(d) The payment of additional compensation for work performed on regular holiday shall be governed by
Rule IV, Book Three, of these regulations.

(e) Where the collective bargaining agreement or other applicable employment contract stipulates the
payment of a higher premium pay than that prescribed under this Section, the employer shall pay such
higher rate.

Section 8. Paid-off days. Nothing in this Rule shall justify an employer in reducing the compensation of his
employees for the unworked Sundays, holidays, or other rest days which are considered paid-off days or holidays
by agreement or practice subsisting upon the effectivity of the Code.

Section 9. Relation to agreements. Nothing herein shall prevent the employer and his employees or their
representatives in entering into any agreement with terms more favorable to the employees than those provided
herein, or be used to diminish any benefit granted to the employees under existing laws, agreements, and
voluntary employer practices.

Rule IV
HOLIDAYS WITH PAY

Section 1. Coverage. This rule shall apply to all employees except:

(a) Those of the government and any of the political subdivision, including government-owned and
controlled corporation; lawphi1.net

(b) Those of retail and service establishments regularly employing less than ten (10) workers;

(c) Domestic helpers and persons in the personal service of another;

(d) Managerial employees as defined in Book Three of the Code;

(e) Field personnel and other employees whose time and performance is unsupervised by the employer
including those who are engaged on task or contract basis, purely commission basis, or those who are paid
a fixed amount for performing work irrespective of the time consumed in the performance thereof.

Section 2. Status of employees paid by the month. Employees who are uniformly paid by the month, irrespective
of the number of working days therein, with a salary of not less than the statutory or established minimum wage
shall be paid for all days in the month whether worked or not.

For this purpose, the monthly minimum wage shall not be less than the statutory minimum wage multiplied by 365
days divided by twelve.

Section 3. Holiday Pay. Every employer shall pay his employees their regular daily wage for any worked regular
holidays.

As used in the rule, the term 'regular holiday' shall exclusively refer to: New Year's Day, Maundy Thursday, Good
Friday, the ninth of April, the first of May, the twelfth of June, the last Sunday of August, the thirtieth of November,
the twenty-fifth and thirtieth of December. Nationwide special days shall include the first of November and the last
day of December.

As used in this Rule legal or regular holiday and special holiday shall now be referred to as 'regular holiday' and
'special day', respectively.

Section 4. Compensation for holiday work. Any employee who is permitted or suffered to work on any regular
holiday, not exceeding eight (8) hours, shall be paid at least two hundred percent (200%) of his regular daily
holiday, not exceeding eight (8) hours, shall be paid at least two hundred percent (200%) of his regular daily
wage. If the holiday work falls on the scheduled rest day of the employee, he shall be entitled to an additional
premium pay of at least 30% of his regular holiday rate of 200% based on his regular wage rate.

Section 5. Overtime pay for holiday work. For work performed in excess of eight hours on a regular holiday, an
employee shall be paid an additional compensation for the overtime work equivalent to his rate for the first eight
hours on such holiday work plus at least 30% thereof.

Where the regular holiday work exceeding eight hours falls on the scheduled rest day of the employee, he shall
be paid an additional compensation for the overtime work equivalent to his regular holiday-rest day for the first 8
hours plus 30% thereof. The regular holiday rest day rate of an employee shall consist of 200% of his regular
daily wage rate plus 30% thereof.

Section 6. Absences. (a) All covered employees shall be entitled to the benefit provided herein when they are on
leave of absence with pay. Employees who are on leave of absence without pay on the day immediately
preceding a regular holiday may not be paid the required holiday pay if he has not worked on such regular
holiday.

(b) Employees shall grant the same percentage of the holiday pay as the benefit granted by competent
authority in the form of employee's compensation or social security payment, whichever is higher, if they
are not reporting for work while on such benefits.

(c) Where the day immediately preceding the holiday is a non-working day in the establishment or the
scheduled rest day of the employee, he shall not be deemed to be on leave of absence on that day, in
which case he shall be entitled to the holiday pay if he worked on the day immediately preceding the non-
working day or rest day.

Section 7. Temporary or periodic shutdown and temporary cessation of work. (a) In cases of temporary or
periodic shutdown and temporary cessation of work of an establishment, as when a yearly inventory or when the
repair or cleaning of machineries and equipment is undertaken, the regular holidays falling within the period shall
be compensated in accordance with this Rule.

(b) The regular holiday during the cessation of operation of an enterprise due to business reverses as
authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment may not be paid by the employer.

Section 8. Holiday pay of certain employees. (a) Private school teachers, including faculty members of colleges
and universities, may not be paid for the regular holidays during semestral vacations. They shall, however, be
paid for the regular holidays during Christmas vacation;lawphi1.net

(b) Where a covered employee, is paid by results or output, such as payment on piece work, his holiday
pay shall not be less than his average daily earnings for the last seven (7) actual working days preceding
the regular holiday; Provided, However, that in no case shall the holiday pay be less than the applicable
statutory minimum wage rate.

(c) Seasonal workers may not be paid the required holiday pay during off-season when they are not at
work.

(d) Workers who have no regular working days shall be entitled to the benefits provided in this Rule.

Section 9. Regular holiday falling on rest days or Sundays. (a) A regular holiday falling on the employee's rest
day shall be compensated accordingly.

(b) Where a regular holiday falls on a Sunday, the following day shall be considered a special holiday for
purposes of the Labor Code, unless said day is also a regular holiday.

Section 10. Successive regular holidays. Where there are two (2) successive regular holidays, like Holy Thursday
and Good Friday, an employee may not be paid for both holidays if he absents himself from work on the day
immediately preceding the first holiday, unless he works on the first holiday, in which case he is entitled to his
holiday pay on the second holiday.

Section 11. Relation to agreements. Nothing in this Rule shall justify an employer in withdrawing or reducing any
benefits, supplements or payments for unworked holidays as provided in existing individual or collective
agreement or employer practice or policy.

Rule V
SERVICE INCENTIVE LEAVE

Section 1. Coverage. This rule shall apply to all employees except:

(a) Those of the government and any of its political subdivisions, including government-owned and
controlled corporations;

(b) Domestic helpers and persons in the personal service of another;

(c) Managerial employees as defined in Book Three of this Code;

 (d) Field personnel and other employees whose performance is unsupervised by the employer including
those who are engaged on task or contract basis, purely commission basis, or those who are paid a fixed
amount for performing work irrespective of the time consumed in the performance thereof.

(e) Those who are already enjoying the benefit herein provided;

(f) Those enjoying vacation leave with pay of at least five days; and

(g) Those employed in establishments regularly employing less than ten employees.

Section 2. Right to service incentive leave. Every employee who has rendered at least one year of service shall
be entitled to a yearly service incentive leave of five days with pay.

Section 3. Definition of certain terms. The term "at least one-year service" shall mean service for not less than 12
months, whether continuous or broken reckoned from the date the employee started working, including
authorized absences and paid regular holidays unless the working days in the establishment as a matter of
practice or policy, or that provided in the employment contract is less than 12 months, in which case said period
shall be considered as one year.

Section 4. Accrual of benefit. Entitlement to the benefit provided in this Rule shall start December 16, 1975, the
date the amendatory provision of the Code took effect.

Section 5. Treatment of benefit. The service incentive leave shall be commutable to its money equivalent if not
used or exhausted at the end of the year.

Section 6. Relation to agreements. Nothing in the Rule shall justify an employer from withdrawing or reducing any
benefits, supplements or payments as provided in existing individual or collective agreements or employer's
practices or policies.

Rule VI
SERVICE CHARGES

Section 1. Coverage. This rule shall apply only to establishments collecting service charges such as hotels,
restaurants, lodging houses, night clubs, cocktail lounge, massage clinics, bars, casinos and gambling houses,
and similar enterprises, including those entities operating primarily as private subsidiaries of the Government.

Section 2. Employees covered. This rule shall apply to all employees of covered employers, regardless of their
positions, designations or employment status, and irrespective of the method by which their wages are paid
except to managerial employees.

As used herein, a "managerial employee" shall mean one who is vested with powers or prerogatives to lay down
and execute management policies and/or to hire, transfer, suspend, lay-off, recall, discharge, assign, or discipline
employees or to effectively recommend such managerial actions. All employees not falling within this definition
shall be considered rank-and-file employees.

Section 3. Distribution of service charges. All service charges collected by covered employers shall be distributed
at the rate of 85% for the employees and 15% for the management. The 85% shall be distributed equally among
the covered employees. The 15% shall be for the disposition by management to answer for losses and breakages
and distribution to managerial employees at the discretion of the management in the latter case.

Section 4. Frequency of distribution. The shares referred to herein shall be distributed and paid to the employees
not less than once every two (2) weeks or twice a month at intervals not exceeding sixteen (16) days.

Section 5. Integration of service charges. In case the service charges is abolished the share of covered
employees shall be considered integrated in their wages. The basis of the amount to be integrated shall be the
average monthly share of each employee for the past twelve (12) months immediately preceding the abolition of
withdrawal of such charges.

Section 6. Relation to agreements. Nothing in this Rule shall prevent the employer and his employees from
entering into any agreement with terms more favorable to the employees than those provided herein, or be used
to diminish any benefit granted to the employees under existing laws, agreement and voluntary employer
practice.

Section 7. This rule shall be without prejudice to existing, future collective bargaining agreements.

Nothing in this rule shall be construed to justify the reduction or diminution of any benefit being enjoyed by any
employee at the time of effectivity of this rule.

Rule VII
WAGES

Definition of Terms. As used in this Rules

a) "Act" means Republic Act No. 6727;

b) "Commission" means the National Wages and Productivity Commission;

 b) "Commission" means the National Wages and Productivity Commission;

c) "Board" means the Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board;

d) "Agriculture" refers to all farming activities in all its branches and includes among others, the cultivation
and tillage of the soil, production, cultivation, growing and harvesting of any agricultural or horticultural
commodities, dairying, raising of livestock or poultry, the culture of fish and other aquatic products in farms
or ponds, and any activities performed by a farmer or on a farm as an incident to or in conjunction with
such farming operations, but does not include the manufacturing and/or processing of sugar, coconut,
abaca, tobacco, pineapple, aquatic or other farm products;

e) "Plantation Agricultural Enterprise" is one engaged in agriculture within an area of more than 24 hectares
in a locality and/or which employs at least 20 workers. Any other agricultural enterprise shall be considered
as "Non-Plantation Agricultural Enterprises";

f) "Retail Establishment" is one principally engaged in the sale of goods to end-users for personal or
household use;

g) "Service Establishment" is one primarily engaged in the sale of service to individuals for their own or
household use and is generally recognized as such;

h) "Cottage/Handicraft Establishment" is one engaged in an economic endeavor in which the products are
primarily done in the home or such other places for profit which requires manual dexterity and
craftsmanship and whose capitalization does not exceed P500,000, regardless of previous registration with
the defunct NACIDA;

i) "National Capital Region" covers the cities of Kalookan, Manila, Pasay and Quezon and the municipalities
of Las Pias, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Paraaque, Pasig, Pateros,
San Juan, Taguig and Valenzuela;

j) "Region III" covers the provinces of Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales and
the cities of Angeles, Cabanatuan, Olongapo, Palayan and San Jose;

k) "Region IV" covers the provinces of Aurora, Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Marinduque, Occidental Mindoro,
Palawan, Quezon, Rizal and Romblon and the cities of Batangas, Cavite, Lipa, Lucena, Puerto Princesa,
San Pablo, Tagaytay and Trece Martires;

l) "Department" refers to the Department of Labor and Employment;

m) "Secretary" means the Secretary of Labor and Employment;

n) "Basic Wage" means all remuneration or earnings paid by an employer to a worker for services rendered
on normal working days and hours but does not include cost-of-living allowances, profit sharing payments,
premium payments, 13th month pay or other monetary benefits which are not considered as part of or
integrated into the regular salary of the workers on the date the Act became effective."

o) "Statutory Minimum Wage" is the lowest wage fixed by law that an employer can pay his workers;

p) "Wage Distortion" means a situation where an increase in prescribed wage rates results in the
elimination or severe contraction of intentional quantitative differences in wage or salary rates between and
among employee groups in an establishment as to effectively obliterate the distinctions embodied in such
wage structure based on skills, length of service, or other logical bases of differentiation;
lawphi1.net

q) "Capitalization" means paid-up capital, in the case of a corporation, and total invested capital, in the case
of a partnership or single proprietorship.

Chapter I
WAGE INCREASE

Section 1. Coverage. The wage increase prescribed under the Act shall apply to all workers and employees in
the private sector regardless of their position, designation or status, and irrespective of the method by which their
wages are paid, except:

a) Household or domestic helpers, including family drivers and workers in the personal service of another;

b) Workers and employees in retail/service establishments regularly employing not more than 10 workers,
when exempted from compliance with the Act, for a period fixed by the Commission/Boards in accordance
with Section 4 (c) of the Act and Section 15, Chapter 1 of these Rules;

c) Workers and employees in new business enterprises outside the National Capital Region and export
processing zones for a period of not more than two or three years, as the case may be, from the start of
operations when exempted in accordance with Section 5 of the Act and Section 15, Chapter I of these
Rules;

d) Workers and employees receiving a basic wage of more than P100.00 per day.
Section 2. Effectivity. The Act takes effect on July 1, 1989, 15 days following its complete publication in two
newspapers of general circulation on June 15, 1989 pursuant to Section 15 thereof.

Section 3. Amount of Minimum Wage Increase. Effective July 1, 1989, the daily statutory minimum wage rates of
covered workers and employees shall be increased as follows:

a) P25.00 for those in the National Capital Region;

b) P25.00 for those outside the National Capital Region, except for the following:

P20.00 for those in plantation agricultural enterprises with an annual gross sales of less than P5 million in
the fiscal year immediately preceding the effectivity of the Act;

P15.00 for those in the following enterprises:

1. Non-plantation agriculture
2. Cottage/handicraft

3. Retail/Service regularly employing not more than 10 workers

4. Business enterprises with a capitalization of not more than P500,000 and employing not more than
20 workers.

Section 4. When Wage Increase Due Other Workers. a) All workers and employees who, prior to July 1, 1989,
were already receiving a basic wage above the statutory minimum wage rates provided under Republic Act 6640
but not over P100.00 per day shall receive a wage increase equivalent to that provided in the preceding Section.

b) Those receiving not more than the following monthly basic wage rates prior to July 1, 1989 shall be
deemed covered by the preceding subsection:

(i) P3,257.50 where the workers and employees work everyday, including premium payments for
Sundays or rest days, special days and regular holidays.

(ii) P3,041.67 where the workers and employees do not work but considered paid on rest days,
special days and regular holidays.

(iii) P2,616.67 where the workers and employees do not work and are not considered paid on
Sundays or rest days.

(iv) P2,183.33 where the workers and employees do not work and are not considered paid on
Saturdays and Sundays or rest days.

c) Workers and employees who, prior to July 1, 1989, were receiving a basic wage of more than P100.00
per day or its monthly equivalent, are not by law entitled to the wage increase provided under the Act. They
may however, receive wage increases through the correction of wage distortions in accordance with
Section 16, Chapter I of these Rules.

Section 5. Daily Statutory Minimum Wage Rates. The daily minimum wage rates of workers and employees shall
be as follows:

Sector / Industry Under RA 6640 Under RA 6727

(Effective Dec. (Effective July 1,
14, 1987) 1989 )
A. NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
Non-Agriculture P64.00 P89.00
Agriculture
Plantation 54 79
Non-Plantation 43.5 68.5
Cottage/Handicraft
Employing more than 30 workers 52 77
Employing not more than 30 50 75
workers
Private hospitals
With bed capacity of more than 100 64 89
With bed capacity or 100 or less 60 85
Retail/Service
Employing more than 15 workers 64 89
 Employing more than 15 workers 64 89
Employing 11 to 15 workers 60 85
Employing not more than 10 43 68
workers
B. OUTSIDE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
Non-agriculture 64 89
Agriculture
Plantation with annual gross sales of 54 79
P5M or more
Plantation with annual gross sales 54 74
less than P5M
Non-Plantation 43.5 58.5
Cottage/Handicraft
Employing more than 30 workers 52 67
Employing not more than 30 50 65
workers
Private Hospitals 60 85
Retail/Service
Cities w/ population of more than 150,000
Employing more than 15 workers 64 89
Employing 11 to 15 workers 60 85
Employing not more than 10 43 58
workers
Municipalities and Cities with population not more than 150,000
Employing more than 10 workers 60 85
Employing not more than 10 43 58
workers
Sugar Mills 66 91
Agriculture
Plantation with annual gross sales of 48.5 73.5
P5M or more
Plantation with annual gross sales of 48.5 68.5
less than P5M
Non-plantation 43.5 58.5

Business Enterprises with Capitalization of not more than P500,000 and

employing not more than 20 workers
Non-Agriculture 64 79
Agriculture Plantation
Products Other than Sugar 54 69
Sugar 48.5 63.5
Private Hospitals 60 75
Retail/Service
Cities w/ population of more than P150,000

Employing more than 15 workers 64 79

Employing 11 to 15 workers 60 75
Municipalities and Cities w/ population of not more than 150,000
Employing more than 10 workers 60 75

Section 6. Suggested Formula in Determining the Equivalent Monthly Statutory Minimum Wage Rates. Without
Section 6. Suggested Formula in Determining the Equivalent Monthly Statutory Minimum Wage Rates. Without
prejudice to existing company practices, agreements or policies, the following formula may be used as guides in
determining the equivalent monthly statutory minimum wage rates:

a) For those who are required to work everyday including Sundays or rest days, special days and regular
holidays:

Applicable daily wage rate=(ADR)

Equivalent Monthly Rate(EMR) =
12
Where 390.90 days =
302 days Ordinary working days
20 days 10 regular holidays x 200%
66.30 days 51 rest days x 130%
2.60 days 2 special days x 130%
390.90 days Total equivalent number of days.

b) For those who do not work but considered paid on rest days, special days and regular holidays:

ADR x 365 days

EMR =
12

Where 365 days =

302 days Ordinary working days
51 days Rest days
10 days Regular holidays
2 days Special days
365 days Total equivalent number of days

c) For those who do not work and are not considered paid on Sundays or rest days:

ADR x 314 days

EMR =
12
Where 314 days =
302 days Ordinary working days
10 days Regular holidays
2 days Special days (If considered paid; If actually worked, this is equivalent
to 2.6 days)
314 days Total equivalent number of days

d) For those who do not work and are not considered paid on Saturdays or rest days:

ADR x 262 days

EMR =
12

Where 262 days =

250 days Ordinary working days
10 days Regular holidays
2 days Special days (If considered paid; If actually worked, this is equivalent
to 2.6 days)
262 days Total equivalent number of days

Note: For workers whose rest days fall on Sundays, the number of rest days in a year is reduced from 52 to
51 days, the last Sunday of August being a regular holiday under Executive Order No. 201. For purposes of
computation, said holiday, although still a rest day for them, is included in the ten regular holidays. For
workers whose rest days do not fall on Sundays, the number of rest days is 52 days, as there are 52 weeks
in a year.

Nothing herein shall be considered as authorizing the reduction of benefits granted under existing
agreements or employer practices/policies.

Section 7. Basis of Minimum Wages Rates. The statutory minimum wage rules prescribed under the Act shall be
for the normal working hours, which shall not exceed eight hours work a day.

Section 8. Creditable Wage Increase.

a) No wage increase shall be credited as compliance with the increases prescribed under the Act unless
expressly provided under collective bargaining agreements; and, such wage increase was granted not
 expressly provided under collective bargaining agreements; and, such wage increase was granted not
earlier than April 1, 1989 but not later than July 1, 1989. Where the wage increase granted is less than the
prescribed increase under the Act, the employer shall pay the difference.

b) Anniversary wage increase provided in collective agreements, merit wage increase, and those resulting
from the regularization or promotion of employees shall not be credited as compliance thereto.

Section 9. Workers Paid by Results.

a) All workers paid by results, including those who are paid on piecework, takay, pakyaw, or task basis,
shall receive not less than the applicable statutory minimum wage rates prescribed under the Act for the
normal working hours which shall not exceed eight hours work a day, or a proportion thereof for work of
less than the normal working hours.

The adjusted minimum wage rates for workers paid by results shall be computed in accordance with the
following steps:

1) Amount of increase in AMW Previous AMW x 100 = % Increase;

2) Existing rate/piece x % increase = increase in rate/piece;

3) Existing rate/piece + increase in rate/piece = Adjusted rate/piece.

Where AMW is the applicable minimum wage rate.

b) The wage rates of workers who are paid by results shall continue to be established in accordance with
Article 101 of the Labor Code, as amended and its implementing regulations.

Section 10. Wages of Special Groups of Workers. Wages of apprentices, learners and handicapped workers
shall in no case be less than 75 percent of the applicable statutory minimum wage rates.

All recognized learnership and apprenticeship agreements entered into before July 1, 1989 shall be considered
as automatically modified insofar as their wage clauses are concerned to reflect the increases prescribed under
the Act.

Section 11. Application to Contractors. In the case of contracts for construction projects and for security, janitorial
and similar services, the prescribed wage increases shall be borne by the principals or clients of the
construction/service contractors and the contract shall be deemed amended accordingly. In the event, however,
that the principal or client fails to pay the prescribed wage rates, the construction/service contractor shall be jointly
and severally liable with his principal or client.

Section 12. Application to Private Educational Institution. Private educational institutions which increased tuition
fees beginning school year 1989-1990 shall comply with the P25.00 per day wage increase prescribed under the
Act effective as follows:
a) In cases where the tuition fee increase was effected before the effectivity of the Act, the wage increase
shall take effect only July 1, 1989.

b) In cases where the tuition fee increase was effected on or after the effectivity of the Act, the wage
increase shall take effect not later than the date the school actually increased tuition but in the latter case,
such wage increase may not be made retroactive in July 1, 1989.

Beginning school year 1990-1991, all schools shall implement the wage increase regardless of whether or not
they have actually increased tuition fees.

Section 13. Mobile and Branch Workers. The statutory minimum wage rates of workers, who by the nature of
their work have to travel, shall be those applicable in the domicile or head office of the employer.

The minimum wage rates of workers working in branches or agencies of establishments in or outside the National
Capital Region shall be those applicable in the place where they are stationed.

Section 14. Transfer of Personnel. The transfer of personnel to areas outside the National Capital Region shall
not be a valid ground for the reduction of the wage rates being enjoyed by the workers prior to such transfer. The
workers transferred to the National Capital Region shall be entitled to the minimum wage rate applicable therein.

Section 15. Exemptions.

a) The following establishments may be exempted from compliance with the wage increase prescribed
under the Act:

1) Retail/Service establishments regularly employing not more than 10 workers upon application with
and as determined by the appropriate Board in accordance with applicable guidelines to be issued by
the Commission.

2) New business enterprises that may be established outside the National Capital Region and export
processing zones from July 1, 1989 to June 30, 1993, whose operation or investments need initial
assistance may be exempted for not more than three years from the start of operations, subject to
 guidelines to be issued by the Secretary in consultation with the Department of Trade and Industry
and the Department of Agriculture.

New business enterprises in Region III (Central Luzon) and Region IV (Southern Tagalog) may be
exempted for two years only from start of operations, except those that may be established in the provinces
of Palawan, Oriental Mindoro, Occidental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, Quezon and Aurora, which may
also be exempted for not more than three years from the start of operations.

b) Whenever an application for exemption has been duly filed with the appropriate office in the
Department/Board, action by the Regional Office of the Department on any complaints for alleged non-
compliance with the Act shall be deferred pending resolution of the applicant for exemption.

c) In the event that the application for exemption is not granted, the workers and employees shall receive
the appropriate compensation due them as provided for under the Act plus interest of one percent per
month retroactive to July 1, 1989 or the start of operations whichever is applicable.

Section 16. Effects on Existing Wage Structure. Where the application of the wage increase prescribed herein
results in distortions in the wage structure within an establishment which gives rise to a dispute therein, such
dispute shall first be settled voluntarily between the parties. In the event of a deadlock, such dispute shall be
finally resolved through compulsory arbitration by the regional arbitration branch of the National Labor Relations
Commission (NLRC) having jurisdiction over the workplace.

The NLRC shall conduct continuous hearings and decide any dispute arising from wage distortions within twenty
calendar days from the time said dispute is formally submitted to it for arbitration. The pendency of a dispute
arising from a wage distortion shall not in any way delay the applicability of the increases in the wage rates
prescribed under the Act.

Any issue involving wage distortion shall not be a ground for a strike/lockout.

Section 17. Complaints for Non-Compliance. Complaints for non-compliance with the wage increases prescribed
under the Act shall be filed with the Regional Offices of the Department having jurisdiction over the workplace and
shall be the subject of enforcement proceedings under Articles 128 and 129 of the Labor Code, as amended.

Section 18. Conduct of inspection by the Department. The Department shall conduct inspections of
establishments, as often as necessary, to determine whether the workers are paid the prescribed wage rates and
other benefits granted by law or any Wage Order. In the conduct of inspection in unionized companies,
Department inspectors shall always be accompanied by the president or other responsible officer of the
recognized bargaining unit or of any interested union. In the case of non-unionized establishments, a worker
representing the workers in the said company shall accompany the inspector.

The worker's representative shall have the right to submit his own findings to the Department and to testify on the
same if he does not concur with the findings of the labor inspector.

Section 19. Payment of Wages. Upon written petition of the majority of the workers and employees concerned, all
private establishments, companies, businesses and other entities with at least twenty workers and located within
one kilometer radius to a commercial, savings or rural bank, shall pay the wages and other benefits of their
workers through any of said banks, within the period and in the manner and form prescribed under the Labor
Code as amended.

Section 20. Duty of Bank. Whenever applicable and upon request of concerned worker or union, the bank
through which wages and other benefits are paid issue a certification of the record of payment of said wages and
benefits of a particular worker or workers for a particular payroll period.

Chapter II
THE NATIONAL WAGES AND PRODUCTIVITY COMMISSION AND REGIONAL TRIPARTITE WAGES AND
PRODUCTIVITY BOARDS

Section 1. Commission. The National Wages and Productivity Commission created under the Act shall hold office
in the National Capital Region. The Commission shall be attached to the Department for policy and program
coordination.

Section 2. Powers and Functions of the Commission. The Commission shall have the following powers and
functions:

a) To act as the national consultative and advisory body to the President of the Philippines and Congress
on matters relating to wages, incomes and productivity;

b) To formulate policies and guidelines on wages, incomes and productivity improvement at the enterprise,
industry and national levels.

c) To prescribe rules and guidelines for the determination of appropriate minimum wage and productivity
measures at the regional, provincial or industry levels;

d) To review regional wage levels set by the Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board to determine
if these are in accordance with prescribed guidelines and national development plans;
 if these are in accordance with prescribed guidelines and national development plans;

e) To undertake studies, researches and surveys necessary for the attainment of its functions and
objectives, and to collect and compile data and periodically disseminate information on wages and
productivity and other related information, including, but not limited to, employment, cost-of-living, labor
costs, investments and returns.

f) To review plans and programs of the Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards to determine
whether these are consistent with national development plans;

g) To exercise technical and administrative supervision over the Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity
Boards;

h) To call, from time to time, a national tripartite conference of representatives of government, workers and
employers for the consideration of measures to promote wage rationalization and productivity; and

i) To exercise such powers and functions as may be necessary to implement this Act.

Section 3. Composition of the Commission. The Commission shall be composed of the Secretary as ex-officio
Chairman, the Director General of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) as ex-officio Vice-
Chairman and two members each from workers and employers sectors who shall be appointed by the President
for a term of five years upon recommendation of the Secretary. The recommendees shall be selected from the
lists of nominees submitted by the workers' and employers' sectors. The Executive Director of the Commission
Secretariat shall be also a member of the Commission.

The members of the Commission representing labor and management shall have the same rank, emoluments,
allowances and other benefits as those prescribed by law for labor and management representatives in the
Employees Compensation Commission.

Section 4. Commission Secretariat. The Commission shall be assisted by a Secretariat to be headed by an

Executive Director and two Deputy Directors who shall be appointed by the President upon recommendation of
the Secretary.

The Executive Director shall have the rank of a Department Assistant Secretary, while the Deputy Directors that of
a Bureau Director. The Executive Director and Deputy Directors shall receive the corresponding salary, benefits
and other emoluments of the positions.

Section 5. Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards. The Regional Wages and Productivity Boards
created under the Act in all regions, including autonomous regions as may be established by law, shall hold
offices in areas where the Regional Offices of the Department are located.

Section 6. Powers and Functions of the Boards. The Boards shall have the following powers and functions:

a) To develop plans, programs and projects relative to wages, incomes and productivity improvement for
their respective regions;

b) To determine and fix minimum wage rates applicable in their region, provinces or industries therein and
to issue the corresponding wage orders, subject to guidelines issued by the Commission;

c) To undertake studies, researches, and surveys necessary for the attainment of their functions, objectives
and programs, and to collect and compile data on wages, incomes, productivity and other related
information and periodically disseminate the same;

d) To coordinate with the other Boards as may be necessary to attain the policy and intention of the Labor
Code;

e) To receive, process and act on applications for exemption from prescribed wage rates as may be
provided by law or any Wage Order; and

f) To exercise such other powers and functions as may be necessary to carry out their mandate under the
Labor Code.

Implementation of the plans, programs and projects of the Boards shall be through the respective Regional
Offices of the Department, provided, however, that the Boards shall have technical supervision over the Regional
Office of the Department with respect to the implementation of these plans, programs and projects.

Section 7. Compositions of the Boards. Each Board shall be composed of the Regional Director of the
Department as Chairman, the Regional Directors of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
and Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) as Vice-Chairmen and two members each of workers and employers
sectors who shall be appointed by the President for a term of five years upon the recommendation of the
Secretary. The recommendees shall be selected from the list of nominees submitted by the workers and
employers sectors.

Each Board shall be assisted by a Secretariat.

Section 8. Authority to Organize and Appoint Personnel. The Chairman of the Commission shall organize such
Section 8. Authority to Organize and Appoint Personnel. The Chairman of the Commission shall organize such
units and appoint the necessary personnel of the Commission and Board Secretaries, subject to pertinent laws,
rules and regulations.

Chapter III
MINIMUM WAGE DETERMINATION

Section 1. Regional Minimum Wages. The minimum wage rates for agricultural and non-agricultural workers and
employees in every region shall be those prescribed by the Boards which shall in no case be lower than the
statutory minimum wage rates. These wage rates may include wages by industry, province or locality as may be
deemed necessary by the Boards.

Section 2. Standards/Criteria for Minimum Wage Fixing. The regional minimum wages to be established by the
Boards shall be as nearly adequate as is economically feasible to maintain the minimum standards of living
necessary for the health, efficiency and general well-being of the workers within the framework of the national
economic and social development programs. In the determination of regional minimum wages, the Boards, shall,
among other relevant factors, consider the following:

a) The demand for living wages;

b) Wage adjustment vis-a-vis the consumer price index;

c) The cost of living and changes or increases therein;

d) The needs of workers and their families;

e) The need to induce industries to invest in countryside;

f) Improvements in standards of living;

g) The prevailing wage levels;

h) Fair return of the capital invested and capacity to pay of employers;

i) Effects on employment generation and family income; and

j) The equitable distribution of income and wealth along the imperatives of economic and social
development.

Section 3. Wage Order. Whenever conditions in the region so warrant, the Board shall investigate and study all
pertinent facts; and, based on standards and criteria prescribed herein, shall determine whether a Wage Order
should be issued.

In the performance of its wage determining functions, the Board shall conduct public hearings and consultations
giving notices to employees' and employers' groups, provincial, city and municipal officials and other interested
parties.

Section 4. Effectivity of Wage Order. Any Wage Order issued by the Board shall take effect 15 days after its
complete publication in at least one newspaper of general circulation in the region.

Section 5. Appeal to the Commission. Any party aggrieved by the Wage Order issued by the Board may file an
appeal with the Commission within ten calendar days from the publication of the Order. The Commission shall
decide the appeal within sixty calendar days from the date of filing.

Section 6. Effect of Appeal. The filing of the appeal shall not suspend the effectivity of the Wage Order unless the
person appealing such order files with the Commission an undertaking with a surety or sureties in such amount as
may be fixed by the Commission.

Section 7. Wage Distortions. Where the application of any wage increase resulting from a Wage Order issued by
any Board results in distortions in the wage structure within an establishment, the employer and the union shall
negotiate to correct the distortions using the grievance procedure under their collective bargaining agreement. If it
remains unresolved, it shall be decided through voluntary arbitration ten calendar days from the time the dispute
was referred for voluntary arbitration, unless otherwise agreed by the parties in writing.

Where there are no collective agreements or recognized labor unions, the employer and workers shall endeavor
to correct the wage distortion. Any dispute arising therefrom shall be settled through the National Conciliation and
Mediation Board and if it remains unresolved after ten calendar days of conciliation, it shall be referred to the
appropriate branch of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC). The NLRC shall conduct continuous
hearings and decide the dispute within twenty calendar days from the time said dispute is submitted for
compulsory arbitration.

The pendency of a dispute arising from a wage distortion shall not in any way delay the applicability of any wage
increase prescribed pursuant to the provisions of law or Wage Order.

Section 8. Non-Diminution of Benefits. Nothing in the Act and in these Rules shall be construed to reduce any
existing laws, decrees, issuances, executive orders, and/or under any contract or agreement between the
existing laws, decrees, issuances, executive orders, and/or under any contract or agreement between the
workers and employers.

Section 9. Prohibition Against Injunction. No preliminary or permanent injunction or temporary restraining order
may be issued by any court, tribunal or other entity against any proceedings before the Commission or Boards.

Section 10. Penal Provisions. Any person, corporation trust, firm, partnership, association or entity which refuses
or fails to pay any of the prescribed increases or adjustments in the wage rates made in accordance with the Act
shall be punished by a fine not exceeding P25,000 and/or imprisonment of not less than one year nor more than
two years: Provided, that any person convicted under the Act shall not be entitled to the benefits provided for
under the Probation Law.

If the violation is committed by a corporation, trust or firm, partnership, association or any other entity, the penalty
of imprisonment shall be imposed upon the entity's responsible officers, including, but not limited to, the president,
vice-president, chief executive officer, general manager, managing director or partner.

Section 11. Registration/Reporting Requirement. Any person, company, corporation, partnership or any other
entity engaged in business shall submit annually a verified itemized listing of their labor component to the
appropriate Board and the National Statistics Office not later than January 31 of each year, starting on January
31, 1990 in accordance with the form to be prescribed by the Commission. The listing shall specify the names,
salaries and wages of their workers and employees below the managerial level including learners, apprentices
and disabled/handicapped workers.

Chapter IV
TRANSITORY PROVISIONS

Section 1. Abolition of the National Wages Council and the National Productivity Commission. The National
Wages Council created under Executive Order No. 614 and the National Productivity Commission created under
Executive Order No. 615 are abolished. All properties, records, equipment, buildings, facilities, and other assets,
liabilities and appropriations of and belonging to the abovementioned offices, as well as other matters pending
herein, shall be transferred to the Commission. All personnel of the above abolished offices shall continue to
function in a hold-over capacity and shall be preferentially considered for appointments to or placements in the
Commission/Boards.

Any official or employee separated from the service as a result of the abolition of offices pursuant to the Act shall
be entitled to appropriate separation pay of one month salary for every year of service and/or retirement and
other benefits accruing to them under existing laws. In lieu thereof, at the option of the employee, he shall be
preferentially considered for employment in the government or in any of its subdivisions, instrumentalities, or
agencies, including government owned or controlled corporations and their subsidiaries.

Section 2. Interim Processing of Applications for Exemption and Submission of Reports. Pending the
operationalization of the Commission and Boards, the National Wages Council shall, in the interim, receive and
process applications for exemption subject to guidelines to be issued by the Secretary, in accordance with Section
11 of the Act.

Reports of establishments on their labor component, including wages and salaries of their workers prescribed
under the Act, shall be submitted to the National Wages Council through the Regional Offices of the Department.

Section 3. Funding Requirement. The funds necessary to carry out the provisions of the Act shall be taken from
the Compensation and Organization Adjustment Fund, the Contingent Fund, and other savings under Republic
Act No. 6688, otherwise known as the General Appropriations Act of 1989, or from any unappropriated funds of
the National Treasury; Provided, that the funding requirements necessary to implement the Act shall be included
in the annual General Appropriations Act for the succeeding years.

Section 4. Repealing Clause. All laws, orders, issuances, rules and regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with
the provisions of the Act and this Rules are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly. If any provision or
part of the Act and this Rules, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid or
unconstitutional, the remainder of the Act and these Rules or the application of such provision or part thereof to

other persons or circumstance shall not be affected thereby.

Section 5. Effectivity. These rules shall take effect on July 1, 1989.

Rule VIII
PAYMENT OF WAGES

Section 1. Manner of wage payment. As a general rule, wages shall be paid in legal tender and the use of
tokens, promissory notes, vouchers, coupons, or any other form alleged to represent legal tender is absolutely
prohibited even when expressly requested by the employee.

Section 2. Payment by check. Payment of wages by bank checks, postal checks or money orders is allowed
where such manner of wage payment is customary on the date of the effectivity of the Code, where it is so
stipulated in a collective agreement, or where all of the following conditions are met:

(a) There is a bank or other facility for encashment within a radius of one (1) kilometer from the workplace;
 (b) The employer or any of his agents or representatives does not receive any pecuniary benefit directly or
indirectly from the arrangement;

(c) The employees are given reasonable time during banking hours to withdraw their wages from the bank
which time shall be considered as compensable hours worked if done during working hours; and

(d) The payment by check is with the written consent of the employees concerned if there is no collective
agreement authorizing the payment of wages by bank checks.

Section 3. Time of payment. (a) Wages shall be paid not less than once every two (2) weeks or twice a month at
intervals not exceeding sixteen (16) days, unless payment cannot be made with such regularity due to force
majeure or circumstances beyond the employer's control in which case the employer shall pay the wages
immediately after such force majeure or circumstances have ceased.

(b) In case of payment of wages by results involving work which cannot be finished in two (2) weeks, payment
shall be made at intervals not exceeding sixteen days in proportion to the amount of work completed. Final
settlement shall be made immediately upon completion of the work.

Section 4. Place of payment. As a general rule, the place of payment shall be at or near the place of undertaking.
Payment in a place other than the work place shall be permissible only under the following circumstances:

(a) When payment cannot be effected at or near the place of work by reason of the deterioration of peace
and order conditions, or by reason of actual or impending emergencies caused by fire, flood, epidemic or
other calamity rendering payment thereat impossible;

(b) When the employer provides free transportation to the employees back and forth; and

(c) Under any other analogous circumstances; Provided, That the time spent by the employees in collecting
their wages shall be considered as compensable hours worked.

(d) No employer shall pay his employees in any bar, night or day club, drinking establishment, massage
clinic, dance hall, or other similar places or in places where games are played with stakes of money or
things representing money except in the case of persons employed in said places.

Section 5. Direct payment of wages. Payment of wages shall be made direct to the employee entitled thereto
except in the following cases:

(a) Where the employer is authorized in writing by the employee to pay his wages to a member of his
family;

(b) Where payment to another person of any part of the employee's wages is authorized by existing law,
including payments for the insurance premiums of the employee and union dues where the right to check-
off has been recognized by the employer in accordance with a collective agreement or authorized in writing
by the individual employees concerned; or

(c) In case of death of the employee as provided in the succeeding Section.

Section 6. Wages of deceased employee. The payment of the wages of a deceased employee shall be made to
his heirs without the necessity of intestate proceedings. When the heirs are of age, they shall execute an affidavit
attesting to their relationship to the deceased and the fact that they are his heirs to the exclusion of all other
persons. In case any of the heirs is a minor, such affidavit shall be executed in his behalf by his natural guardian
or next of kin. Upon presentation of the affidavit to the employer, he shall make payment to the heirs as
representative of the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Section 7. Civil liability of employer and contractors. Every employer or indirect employer shall be jointly and
severally liable with his contractor or sub-contractor for the unpaid wages of the employees of the latter. Such
employer or indirect employer may require the contractor or sub-contractor to furnish a bond equal to the cost of
labor under contract on condition that the bond will answer for the wages due the employees should the
contractor or subcontractor, as the case may be, fail to pay the same.

Section 8. Job Contracting. There is job contracting permissible under the Code if the following conditions are
met:

(a) The contractor carries on an independent business and undertakes the contract work on his own
account under his own responsibility according to his own manner and method, free from the control and
direction of his employer or principal in all matters connected with the performance of the work except as to
the results thereof; and

(b) The contractor has substantial capital or investment in the form of tools, equipment, machineries, work
premises, and other materials which are necessary in the conduct of his business.

Section 9. Labor-only contracting. (a) Any person who undertakes to supply workers to an employer shall be
deemed to be engaged in labor-only contracting where such person:

(1) Does not have substantial capital or investment in the form of tools, equipment, machineries,
 work premises and other materials; and

(2) The workers recruited and placed by such person are performing activities which are directly
related to the principal business or operations of the employer in which workers are habitually
employed.

(b) Labor-only contracting as defined herein is hereby prohibited and the person acting as contractor
shall be considered merely as an agent or intermediary of the employer who shall be responsible to
the workers in the same manner and extent as if the latter were directly employed by him.

(c) For cases not falling under this Rule, the Secretary of Labor and Employment shall determine through
appropriate orders whether or not the contracting out of labor is permissible in the light of the
circumstances of each case and after considering the operating needs of the employer and the rights of the
workers involved. In such case, he may prescribe conditions and restrictions to insure the protection and
welfare of the workers.

Section 10. Payment of wages in case of bankruptcy. Unpaid wages earned by the employees before the
declaration of bankruptcy or judicial liquidation of the employer's business shall be given first preference and shall
be paid in full before other creditors may establish any claim to a share in the assets of the employer.

Section 11. Attorney's fees. Attorney's fees in any judicial or administrative proceedings for the recovery of
wages shall not exceed 10 percent of the amount awarded. The fees may be deducted from the total amount due
the winning party.

Section 12. Non-interference in disposal of wages. No employer shall limit or otherwise interfere with the freedom
of any employee to dispose of his wages and no employer shall in any manner oblige any of his employees to
patronize any store or avail of the services offered by any person.

Section 13. Wages deduction. Deductions from the wages of the employees may be made by the employer in
any of the following cases:

(a) When the deductions are authorized by law, including deductions for the insurance premiums advanced
by the employer in behalf of the employee as well as union dues where the right to check-off has been
recognized by the employer or authorized in writing by the individual employee himself.

(b) When the deductions are with the written authorization of the employees for payment to the third person
and the employer agrees to do so; Provided, That the latter does not receive any pecuniary benefit, directly
or indirectly, from the transaction.

Section 14. Deduction for loss or damage. Where the employer is engaged in a trade, occupation or business
where the practice of making deductions or requiring deposits is recognized to answer for the reimbursement of
loss or damage to tools, materials, or equipment supplied by the employer to the employee, the employer may
make wage deductions or require the employees to make deposits from which deductions shall be made, subject
to the following conditions:

(a) That the employee concerned is clearly shown to be responsible for the loss or damage;

(b) That the employee is given reasonable opportunity to show cause why deduction should not be made;

(c) That the amount of such deduction is fair and reasonable and shall not exceed the actual loss or
damage; and

(d) That the deduction from the wages of the employee does not exceed 20 percent of the employee's
wages in a week.

Rule IX
WAGE STUDIES AND DETERMINATION

Section 1. Definition of terms. (a) "Industry" shall mean any identifiable group of productive units or enterprises,
whether operated for profit or not, engaged in similar or allied economic activities in which individuals are gainfully
employed.

(b) A "branch" of an industry is a work, product or service grouping thereof which can be considered a
distinct division for wage-fixing purposes.

(c) "Substantial number" shall mean such an appreciable number of employees in an industry as, in the
Commission's opinion, considering all relevant facts, may require action under Art. 121 of the Code to
effectuate the purposes of wage determination, regardless of the proportion of such employees to the total
number of employees in the industry.

Section 2. Wage studies. The National Wages Council shall conduct a continuing study of wage rates and other
economic conditions in all industries, agricultural and non-agricultural. The results of such study shall be
periodically disseminated to the government, labor and management sectors for their information and guidance.

Section 3. Wages recommendation. If after such study, the Commission is of the opinion that a substantial
number of employees in any given industry or branch thereof are receiving wages, which although complying with
number of employees in any given industry or branch thereof are receiving wages, which although complying with
the minimum provided by law, are less than sufficient to maintain them in health, efficiency and general well-
being, taking into account, among others, the peculiar circumstances of the industry and its geographical location,
the Commission shall, with the approval of the Secretary of Labor and Employment, proceed to determine
whether a wage recommendation should be issued.

Section 4. Criteria for wage fixing. (a) In addition to the criteria established by Art. 123 of the Code for minimum
wage fixing, the Commission shall consider, among other factors, social services and benefits given free to
workers and the possible effect of a given increase in the minimum wage on prices, money supply, employment,
labor mobility and productivity, labor organization efficacy, domestic and foreign trade, and other relevant
indicators of social and economic development.

(b) Where a fair return to capital invested cannot be reasonably determined, or where the industry
concerned is not operated for profit, its capacity to pay, taking into account all resources available to it, shall
be considered.

Section 5. Quorum. Three (3) members of the Commission, including its Chairman, shall constitute a quorum to
transact the Commission's business.

Section 6. Commission actions, number of votes required. The votes of at least three (3) members of the
Commission shall be necessary to effect any decision or recommendation it is authorized to issue under the Code
and this rule: Provided, That in the internal regulation and direction of the functions of the Commission's staff
including the conduct of administrative processes and the maintenance of proper liaison and coordination with
other organizations, the Chairman shall not need the consent of the Commission or any member thereof.

Section 7. Outside assistance. The Commission may call upon the assistance and cooperation of any
government agency or official, and may invite any private person or organization to furnish information in
connection with industry studies and wage fixing hearings or in aid of the Commission's deliberations.

Section 8. Schedule of hearings and notices. The Commission shall prepare a schedule of hearings for the
reception of evidence necessary for wage fixing in an industry, including a list of witnesses that it will invite and the
date, time and place of the hearings. A notice thereof to all sectors of the industry shall be given in the most
expeditious manner. It may have prior consultations with labor and management leaders in the industry for the
above purpose.

Section 9. Unsolicited testimony. Persons who offer to testify before the Commission shall be heard only after the
Commission is satisfied, upon brief preliminary examination, that they are in possession of facts relevant to the
subject of inquiry. The Chairman, or in other cases, the person conducting the hearing, shall revise the schedule
of hearings whenever necessary to achieve logical sequence of testimony.

Section 10. Compulsory processes. Recourse to compulsory processes under the Revised Administrative Code
to ensure the attendance of witnesses and/or the production of relevant documentary evidence shall be used only
on occasions of extreme importance and after other means shall have failed, subject to the approval of the
Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Section 11. Hearings; where, by whom conducted. Commission hearings may be conducted by the Commission
en banc, or, when authorized by the Commission, by any member or hearing officer designated by the Chairman.
The hearings may be held wherever the industry or branches thereof are situated; otherwise they shall be held in
the Greater Manila Area. The hearings shall be open to the public.

Section 12. Hearings before single member or hearing officer. Hearings conducted by a duly authorized member
or hearing officer shall be considered as hearings before the Commission. The records of such hearings shall be
submitted to the Commission as soon as they are completed, indicating the time and place of the hearings and
the appearances thereat, together with a brief statement of the findings and recommendations of the member or
hearing officer concerned.

Section 13. Testimony under oath. The testimony of all witnesses shall be made under oath or affirmation and
shall be taken down and transcribed by a duly appointed stenographic reporter.

Section 14. Non-applicability of technical rules. The technical rules of evidence applied by the courts in
proceedings at law or equity shall not strictly apply in any proceedings conducted before the Commission.

Section 15. Stipulation of fact. Stipulations of fact may be admitted with respect to any matter at issue in the
proceedings.

Section 16. Documentary evidence. Written evidence submitted to the Commission or any member or hearing
officer shall be properly marked to facilitate identification.

Section 17. Submission of industry-report. Within sixty (60) working days from the date of the first hearing, the
Commission shall submit to the Secretary of Labor and Employment an "Industry Report" which shall relate in
brief the operations that led thereto, the basic findings of economic facts about the industry and the
recommendations made on the basis thereof.

Section 18. Action by the Secretary of Labor and Employment. Within thirty (30) working days after the
submission of the "Industry Report," the Secretary of Labor and Employment shall either reject or approve the
submission of the "Industry Report," the Secretary of Labor and Employment shall either reject or approve the
recommendation of the Commission in accordance with Art. 122 of the Code. If he approves the
recommendation, he shall issue a Wage Order adopting the same, subject to the approval of the President of the
Philippines, prescribing the minimum wage or wages for the industry concerned.

Section 19. Wage Order. The Wage Order shall specify the industry or branch to which the minimum wages
prescribed therein shall apply; Provided, That no definite rates shall be prescribed for specific job titles in the
industry.

Section 20. Varying minimum wages. To justify different minimum wages for different localities, the economic and
other conditions found in a particular locality must not only be more or less uniform therein but also different from
those prevailing in other localities.
Section 21. Publication of Wage Order. Only such portions of a Wage Order shall be published as shall effectively
give notice to all interested parties that such an Order has been issued, the industry affected, the minimum wages
prescribed and the date of its effectivity.

Section 22. Effectivity. A Wage Order shall become effective after fifteen (15) days from its publication as
provided in Article 124 of the Code.

Section 23. Internal rules of the Commission. Subject to the approval of the Secretary of Labor and Employment,
the National Wages Council may issue rules and regulations governing its internal procedure.

Rule X
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

Section 1. Visitorial power. The Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized representatives,
including Labor Regulations Officers or Industrial Safety Engineers, shall have access to employer's records and
premises at any time of the day or night whenever work is being undertaken therein, and right to copy therefrom,
to question any employee, and to investigate any fact, condition or matter relevant to the enforcement of any
provision of the Code and of any labor law, wage order or rules and regulations issued pursuant thereto.

Section 2. Enforcement power. (a) The Regional Director in cases where employer relations shall exist, shall
have the power to order and administer, after due notice and hearing, compliance with the labor standards
provisions of the Code and other labor legislations based on the findings of the Labor Regulation Officers or
Industrial Safety Engineers (Labor Standard and Welfare Officer) and made in the course of inspection, and to
issue writs of execution to the appropriate authority of the enforcement of his order. In line with the provisions of
Article 128 in relation to Articles 289 and 290 of the Labor Code as amended in cases, however, where the
employer contests the findings of the Labor Standards and Welfare Officers and raises issues which cannot be
resolved without considering evidentiary matters that are not verifiable in the normal course of inspection, the
Regional Director concerned shall indorse the case to the appropriate arbitration branch of the National Labor
Relations Commission for adjudication.

(b) The Regional Director shall give the employer fifteen (15) days within which to comply with his order
before issuing a writ of execution. Copy of such order or writ of execution shall immediately be furnished
the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Section 3. Enforcement power on health and safety of workers. (a) The Regional Director may likewise order
stoppage of work or suspension of operations of any unit or department of an establishment when non-
compliance with the law, safety order or implementing rules and regulations poses grave and imminent danger to
the health and safety of workers in the workplace.

(b) Within 24 hours from issuance of the order of stoppage or suspension, a hearing shall be conducted to
determine whether the order for the stoppage of work or suspension of operation shall be lifted or not. The
proceedings shall be terminated within seventy-two (72) hours and a copy of such order or resolution shall
be immediately furnished the Secretary of Labor and Employment. In case the violation is attributable to the
fault of the employer, he shall pay the employees concerned their salaries or wages during the period of
such stoppage of work or suspension of operation.

Section 4. Power to review. (a) The Secretary of Labor and Employment, at his own initiative or upon request of
the employer and/or employee, may review the order of the Regional Director. The order of the Regional Director
shall be immediately final and executory unless stayed by the Secretary of Labor and Employment upon posting
by the employer of a reasonable cash or surety bond as fixed by the Regional Director.

(b) In aid of his power of review, the Secretary of Labor and Employment may direct the Bureau of Working
Conditions to evaluate the findings or orders of the Regional Director. The decision of the Secretary of
Labor and Employment shall be final and executory.

Section 5. Interference and injunctions prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any person or entity to obstruct,
impede, delay or otherwise render ineffective the exercise of the enforcement power of the Secretary of Labor
and Employment, Regional Director or their duly authorized representatives pursuant to the authority granted by
the Code and its implementing rules and regulations, and no inferior court or entity shall issue temporary or
permanent injunction or restraining order or otherwise assume jurisdiction over any case involving the
enforcement orders issued in accordance with the Code. In addition to the penalties provided for by the Labor
Code, any government employees found guilty of violation or abuse of authority, shall be subject to the provisions

of Presidential Decree No. 6.

of Presidential Decree No. 6.

Section 6. Payrolls. (a) Every employer shall pay his employees by means of a payroll wherein the following
information and data shall be individually shown:

(1) Length of time to be paid;

(2) The rate of pay per month, week, day or hour piece, etc.;

(3) The amount due for regular work;

(4) The amount due for overtime work;

(5) Deductions made from the wages of the employees; and

(6) Amount actually paid.

(b) Every employee in the payroll shall sign or place his thumbmark, as the case may be, at the end of the
line opposite his name where a blank space shall be provided for the purpose. His signature shall be made
in ink, or his thumbmark placed with the use of the regular stamping ink and pad.

Section 7. Time records. Every employer shall keep an individual time record of all his employees bearing the
signature or thumbmark of the employee concerned for each daily entry therein by means of any of the following
methods:

(a) Through the use of bundy clock by means of which an employee can punch in his individual card the
time of arrival and departure from work;

(b) Through the employment of a timekeeper whose duty is to time in and out every employee in a record
book; and

(c) By furnishing the employees individually with a daily time record form in which they can note the time of
their respective arrival and departure from work.

Section 8. Entries in the filing of time records. All entries in time books and daily time records shall be
accomplished in ink. All filled-up bundy clock cards, timekeeper's books and daily time record forms shall be kept
on file in chronological order by the employer in or about the premises where the employee is employed, and
open to inspection and verification by the Department of Labor and Employment as provided in this Rule.

Section 9. Time records of executives. Managerial employees, officers or members of the managerial staff, as
well as non-agricultural field personnel, need not be required to keep individual time records, provided that a
record of their daily attendance is kept and maintained by the employer.

Section 10. Records of workers paid by results. Where the employees are paid on piece, pakiao, takay, task,
commission or other non-time basis, the employer shall keep production records showing their daily output, gross
earnings and the actual number of working hours spent by the employees on the job, bearing the signature or
thumbmark of the employee concerned. Where, however, the minimum output rates of non-time workers have
been fixed by the Department of Labor and Employment or through certified collective agreements, or are in
compliance with the standards prescribed in Section 8, Rule VII of this Book, the employer may dispense with the
keeping of time records, except the daily production records showing their output or the work accomplished and
gross earnings.

Section 11. Place of records. All employment records of the employees shall be kept and maintained by the
employer in or about the premises of the work place. The premises of a work-place shall be understood to mean
the main or branch office of the establishment, if any, depending upon where the employees are regularly
assigned. The keeping of the employee's records in another place is prohibited.

Section 12. Preservation of records. All employment records required to be kept and maintained by employers
shall be preserved for at least three (3) years from the date of the last entry in the records.

Section 13. False reporting. It shall be unlawful for any employer or any person to make any false statement,
report or record on matters required to be kept or maintained pursuant to the provisions of this Rule.

Section 14. Working scholars. There is no employer- employee relationship between students on one hand, and
schools, colleges or universities on the other, where there is written agreement between them under which the
former agree to work for the latter in exchange for the privilege to study free of charge, provided the students are
given real opportunities, including such facilities as may be reasonable and necessary to finish their chosen
courses under such agreement.

Section 15. Resident physicians in training. There is employer-employee relationship between resident
physicians and the training hospital unless:

(1) There is a training agreement between them; and

(2) The training program is duly accredited or approved by the appropriate government agency.
Nothing herein shall sanction the diminution or withdrawal of any existing allowances, benefits and facilities being
enjoyed by training resident physicians at the time of the effectivity of this Rule.

Rule XI
ADJUDICATORY POWERS

Section 1. Recovery of wages, simple money claims and other benefits. (a) The Regional Director or any duly
authorized Hearing Officer of the Department of Labor and Employment shall have the power through summary
proceedings and after due notice to hear and decide any complaint involving the recovery of wages and other
monetary claims and benefits, including legal interest, owing to an employee or person, employed in domestic or
household service or househelper arising from employer-employee relations; Provided, that such complaint does
not include a claim for reinstatement and; Provided, further, that the aggregate money claims of each employee
or househelper does not exceed five thousand pesos (P5,000.00), inclusive of legal interest.

(b) When the claims of two or more claimants, each not exceeding five thousand pesos (P5,000.00), arising
out of or involving the same cause of action and against the same respondent, are subject of separate
complaints, the complaints may, upon motion or either party, be consolidated into one for purposes of the
hearing and reception of evidence.

(c) When the evidence shows that the claim amounts to more than five thousand pesos (P5,000.00), the
Regional Director or Hearing Officer shall advise the complainant to amend the complaint if the latter so
desires and file the same with the appropriate regional branch of the National Labor Relations Commission.

Section 2. The complaint shall be in writing, under oath and shall substantially comply with the form prescribed by
the Department. Within two (2) working days from receipt of the complaint, the Regional Director or Hearing
Officer shall serve a copy of the complaint and all pertinent documents to the respondents who may, within five
(5) calendar days, file an answer thereto.

Section 3. Any sum recovered on behalf of an employee or househelper pursuant to this Rule shall be held in a
special deposit account by, and shall be paid, on order of the Secretary of Labor and Employment or the Regional
Director, directly to the employee or househelper concerned or to his heirs, successors or assigns. Any such sum
not paid to the employee or househelper, because he cannot be located after diligent and reasonable effort to
locate him within a period of three (3) years, shall be held as a special fund of the Department of Labor and
Employment to be used exclusively for the amelioration and benefit of workers: Provided, however, that thirty (30)
calendar days before any sum is turned over to the fund, a notice of entitlement shall be posted conspicuously in
at least two (2) public places in the locality where he is last known to have resided.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized representative may supervise the payment of
unpaid wages and other monetary claims and benefits, including legal interests, found owing to any employee or
househelper.

Section 4. Any decision or resolution of the Regional Director or any of the duly authorized Hearing Officers of
the Department of Labor and Employment may be appealed on the same grounds and following the procedure
for perfecting an appeal provided in Article 223 of the Labor Code, within five (5) calendar days from receipt of a
copy of said decision or resolution, to the National Labor Relations Commission which shall resolve the appeal
within ten (10) calendar days from submission of the last pleading required or allowed under its rules.

Rule XII
EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AND MINORS

Section 1. General statement on coverage. This Rule shall apply to all employers, whether operating for profit or
not, including educational, religious and charitable institutions, except to the Government and to government-
owned or controlled corporations and to employers of household helpers and persons in their personal service
insofar as such workers are concerned.

Section 2. Employable age. Children below fifteen (15) years of age may be allowed to work under the direct
responsibility of their parents or guardians in any non-hazardous undertaking where the work will not in any way
interfere with their schooling. In such cases, the children shall not be considered as employees of the employers
or their parents or guardians.

Section 3. Eligibility for employment. Any person of either sex, between 15 and 18 years of age, may be
employed in any non-hazardous work. No employer shall discriminate against such person in regard to terms and
conditions of employment on account of his age.

For purposes of this Rule, a non-hazardous work or undertaking shall mean any work or activity in which the
employee is not exposed to any risk which constitutes an imminent danger to his safety and health. The Secretary
of Labor and Employment shall from time to time publish a list of hazardous work and activities in which persons
18 years of age and below cannot be employed.

Section 4. Status of women workers in certain work places. Any woman who is permitted or suffered to work with
or without compensation, in any night club, cocktail lounge, beer house, massage clinic, bar or similar
establishments, under the effective control or supervision of the employer for a substantial period of time as
determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment, shall be considered as an employee of such
establishments for purposes of labor and social legislation. No employer shall discriminate against such
employees or in any manner reduce whatever benefits they are now enjoying by reason of the provisions of this
employees or in any manner reduce whatever benefits they are now enjoying by reason of the provisions of this
Section.

Section 5. Night work of women employees. Any woman employed in any industrial undertaking may be allowed
to work beyond 10:00 o'clock at night, or beyond 12:00 o'clock midnight in the case of women employees of
commercial or non-industrial enterprises, in any of the following cases:

(a) In cases of actual or impending emergencies caused by serious accident, fire, flood, typhoon,
earthquakes, epidemic or other disaster or calamity, to prevent loss of life or property or in cases of force
majeure or imminent danger to public safety;

(b) In case of urgent work to be performed on machineries, equipment or installation, to avoid serious loss
which the employer would otherwise suffer:

(c) Where the work is necessary to prevent serious loss of perishable goods;

(d) Where the woman employee holds a responsible position of a managerial or technical nature, or where
the woman employee has been engaged to provide health and welfare services;

(e) Where the nature of the work requires the manual skill and dexterity of women and the same cannot be
performed with equal efficiency by male workers or where the employment of women is the established
practice in the enterprises concerned on the date these Rules become effective; and

(f) Where the women employees are immediate members of the family operating the establishment or
undertaking.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall from time to time determine cases analogous to the foregoing for
purposes of this Section.

Section 6. Agricultural work. No woman, regardless of age, shall be permitted or suffered to work, with or without
compensation, in any agricultural undertaking at night time unless she is given a rest period of not less than nine
(9) consecutive hours, subject to the provisions of Section 5 of this Rule.

Section 7. Maternity leave benefits. Every employer shall grant to a pregnant woman employee who has
rendered an aggregate service of at least six (6) months for the last twelve (12) months immediately preceding
the expected date of delivery, or the complete abortion or miscarriage, maternity leave of at least two (2) weeks
before and four (4) weeks after the delivery, miscarriage or abortion, with full pay based on her regular or
average weekly wages.

Section 8. Accreditation of leave credits. Where the pregnant woman employee fails to avail of the two-week pre-
delivery leave, or any portion thereof, the same shall be added to her post-delivery leave with pay.

Section 9. Payment of extended maternity leave. When so requested by the woman employee, the extension of
her maternity leave beyond the four-week post-delivery leave shall be paid by the employer from her unused
vacation and/or sick leave credits, if any, or allowed without pay in the absence of such leave credits, where the
extended leave is due to illness medically certified to arise out of her pregnancy, delivery, complete abortion or
miscarriage which renders her unfit for work.

Section 10. Limitation on leave benefits. The maternity benefits provided herein shall be paid by an employer
only for the first four (4) deliveries, miscarriages, and/or complete abortions of the employee from March 13,
1973, regardless of the number of employees and deliveries, complete abortions or miscarriages the woman
employee had before said date. For purposes of determining the entitlement of a woman employee to the
maternity leave benefits as delimited herein, the total number of her deliveries, complete abortions, or
miscarriages after said date shall be considered regardless of the identity or number of employers she has had at
the time of such determination, provided that she enjoyed the minimum benefits therefor as provided in these
regulations.

Section 11. Family planning services. Employers who habitually employ more than two hundred (200) workers in
any locality shall provide free family-planning services to their employees and their spouses which shall include
but not limited to, the application or use of contraceptives.

Subject to the approval of the Secretary of Labor and Employment, the Bureau of Women and Young Workers
shall, within thirty (30) days from the effective date of these Rules, prescribe the minimum requirements of family
planning services to be given by employers to their employees.

Section 12. Relation to agreements. Nothing herein shall prevent the employer and his employees or their
representatives from entering into any agreement with terms more favorable to the employees than those
provided herein, or be used to diminish any benefit granted to the employees under existing laws, agreements,
and voluntary employer practices.

Section 13. Prohibited acts. It shall be unlawful for any employer:

(a) To discharge any woman employed by him for the purpose of preventing such woman from enjoying the
maternity leave, facilities and other benefits provided under the Code;

(b) To discharge such woman employee on account of her pregnancy, or while on leave or in confinement
 (b) To discharge such woman employee on account of her pregnancy, or while on leave or in confinement
due to her pregnancy;

(c) To discharge or refuse the admission of such woman upon returning to her work for fear that she may
be pregnant;

(d) To discharge any woman or child or any other employee for having filed a complaint or having testified
or being about to testify under the Code; and

(e) To require as a condition for a continuation of employment that a woman employee shall not get
married or to stipulate expressly or tacitly that upon getting married, a woman employee shall be deemed
resigned or separated, or to actually dismiss, discharge, discriminate or otherwise prejudice a woman
employee merely by reason of her marriage.

Section 14. Facilities for woman employees. Subject to the approval of the Secretary of Labor and Employment,
the Bureau of Women and Young Workers shall, within thirty (30) days from the effective date of these Rules,
determine in an appropriate issuance the work situations for which the facilities enumerated in Article 131 of the
Code shall be provided, as well as the appropriate minimum age and other standards for retirement or
termination of employment in special occupations in which women are employed.

Rule XIII
EMPLOYMENT OF HOUSEHELPERS

Section 1. General statement on coverage. (a) The provisions of this Rule shall apply to all househelpers
whether employed on full or part-time basis.

(b) The term "househelper" as used herein is synonymous to the term "domestic servant" and shall refer to
any person, whether male or female, who renders services in and about the employer's home and which
services are usually necessary or desirable for the maintenance and enjoyment thereof, and ministers
exclusively to the personal comfort and enjoyment of the employer's family.

Section 2. Method of payment not determinant. The provisions of this Rule shall apply irrespective of the method
of payment of wages agreed upon by the employer and househelper, whether it be hourly, daily, weekly, or
monthly, or by piece or output basis.

Section 3. Children of househelpers. The children and relatives of a househelper who live under the employer's
roof and who share the accommodations provided for the househelpers by the employer shall not be deemed as
househelpers if they are not otherwise engaged as such and are not required to perform any substantial
household work.

Section 4. Employment contract. The initial contract for household service shall not last for more than two (2)
years. However, such contract may be renewed from year to year.

Section 5. Minimum monthly wage. The minimum compensation of househelpers shall not be less than the
following rates:

(a) Sixty pesos (P60.00) a month for those employed in the cities of Manila, Quezon, Pasay and Caloocan,
and in the municipalities of Makati, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Malabon, Paraaque,
Las Pias, Pasig and Marikina, in the Province of Rizal.

(b) Forty-five pesos (P45.00) a month for those employed in other chartered cities and first class
municipalities; and

(c) Thirty pesos (P30.00) a month for those in other municipalities.

Section 6. Equivalent daily rate. The equivalent minimum daily wage rate of househelpers shall be determined by
dividing the applicable minimum monthly rate by thirty (30) days.

Section 7. Payment by results. Where the method of payment of wages agreed upon by the employer and the
househelper is by piece or output basis, the piece or output rates shall be such as will assure the househelper of
the minimum monthly or the equivalent daily rate as provided in this issuance.

Section 8. Minimum cash wage. The minimum wage rates prescribed under this Rule shall be basic cash wages
which shall be paid to the househelpers in addition to lodging, food and medical attendance.

Section 9. Time and manner of payment. Wages shall be paid directly to the househelper to whom they are due
at least once a month. No deductions therefrom shall be made by the employer unless authorized by the
househelper himself or by existing laws.

Section 10. Assignment to non-household work. No househelper shall be assigned to work in a commercial,
industrial or agricultural enterprise at a wage or salary rate lower than that provided for agricultural and non-
agricultural workers.

Section 11. Opportunity for education. If the househelper is under the age of eighteen (18) years, the employer
shall give him or her an opportunity for at least elementary education. The cost of such education shall be part of
the househelper's compensation, unless there is a stipulation to the contrary.
the househelper's compensation, unless there is a stipulation to the contrary.

Section 12. Treatment of househelpers. The employer shall treat the househelper in a just and humane manner.
In no case shall physical violence be inflicted upon the househelper.

Section 13. Board, lodging and medical attendance. The employer shall furnish the househelper free suitable
and sanitary living quarters as well as adequate food and medical attendance.

Section 14. Indemnity for unjust termination of service. If the period for household service is fixed, neither the
employer nor the househelper may terminate the contract before the expiration of the term, except for a just
cause. If the househelper is unjustly dismissed, he or she shall be paid the compensation already earned plus
that for fifteen (15) days by way of indemnity.

If the househelper leaves without justifiable reason, he or she shall forfeit any unpaid salary due him or her not
exceeding fifteen (15) days.
Section 15. Employment certification. Upon the severance of the household service relationship, the househelper
may demand from the employer a written statement of the nature and duration of the service and his or her
efficiency and conduct as househelper.

Section 16. Funeral expenses. In case of death of the househelper, the employer shall bear the funeral
expenses commensurate to the standards of life of the deceased.

Section 17. Disposition of the househelper's body. Unless so desired by the househelper or by his or her
guardian with court approval, the transfer or use of the body of the deceased househelper for purposes other
than burial is prohibited. When so authorized by the househelper, the transfer, use and disposition of the body
shall be in accordance with the provisions of Republic Act No. 349.

Section 18. Employment records. The employer may keep such records as he may deem necessary to reflect
the actual terms and conditions of employment of his househelper which the latter shall authenticate by signature
or thumbmark upon request of the employer.

Section 19. Prohibited reduction of pay. When the compensation of the househelper before the promulgation of
these regulations is higher than that prescribed in the Code and in this issuance, the same shall not be reduced
or diminished by the employer on or after said date.

Section 20. Relation to other laws and agreements. Nothing in this Rule shall deprive a househelper of the right
to seek higher wages, shorter working hours and better working conditions than those prescribed herein, nor
justify an employer in reducing any benefit or privilege granted to the househelper under existing laws,
agreements or voluntary employer practices with terms more favorable to the househelpers than those prescribed
in this Rule.

Rule XIV
EMPLOYMENT OF HOMEWORKERS

Section 1. General statement on coverage. This Rule shall apply to any homeworker who performs in or about
his home any processing of goods or materials, in whole or in part, which have been furnished directly or
indirectly by an employer and thereafter to be returned to the latter.

Section 2. Definitions. As used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated hereunder:

(a) "Home" means any room, house, apartment, or other premises used regularly, in whole or in part, as a
dwelling place, except those situated within the premises or compound of an employer, contractor, and the
work performed therein is under the active or personal supervision by, or for, the latter.

(b) "Employer" means any natural or artificial person who, for his own account or benefit, or on behalf of
any person residing outside the Philippines, directly or indirectly, or through any employee, agent,
contractor, sub-contractor; or any other person:

(1) Delivers or causes to be delivered any goods or articles to be processed in or about a home and
thereafter to be returned or to be disposed of or distributed in accordance with his direction; or

(2) Sells any goods or articles for the purpose of having such goods or articles processed in or about
a home and then repurchases them himself or through another after such processing.

(c) "Contractor" or "sub-contractor" means any person who, for the account or benefit of an
employer, delivers or caused to be delivered to a homeworker goods or articles to be processed in or
about his home and thereafter to be returned, disposed of or distributed in accordance with the
direction of the employer.

(d) "Processing" means manufacturing, fabricating, finishing, repairing, altering, packing, wrapping or
handling any material.

Section 3. Payment for work. (a) Immediately upon receipt of the finished goods or articles, the employer shall
pay the homeworker or the contractor or sub-contractor, as the case may be, for the work performed; Provided,
However, that where payment is made to a contractor or sub-contractor, the homeworker shall be paid within the
week after the contractor or sub-contractor has collected the goods or articles from the homeworkers.
week after the contractor or sub-contractor has collected the goods or articles from the homeworkers.

(b) The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall from time to time establish the standard minimum piece
or output rate in appropriate orders for the particular work or processing to be performed by the
homeworkers.

Section 4. Deductions. No employee, contractor, or sub-contractor shall make any deduction from the
homeworker's earnings for the value of materials which have been lost, destroyed, soiled or otherwise damaged
unless the following conditions are met:

(a) The homeworker concerned is clearly shown to be responsible for the loss or damage;

(b) The employee is given reasonable opportunity to show cause why deductions should not be made;

(c) The amount of such deduction is fair and reasonable and shall not exceed the actual loss or damages;
and

(d) The deduction is made at such rate that the amount deducted does not exceed 20% of the
homeworker's earnings in a week.

Section 5. Conditions for payment of work. (a) The employer may require the homeworker to re-do work which
has been improperly executed without having to pay the stipulated rate more than once.

(b) An employer, contractor, or sub-contractor need not pay the homeworker for any work which has been
done on goods and articles which have been returned for reasons attributable to the fault of the
homeworker.

Section 6. Disagreement between homeworkers and employer. In cases of disagreement between the
homeworker and the employer, contractor or sub-contractor on matters falling under Section 4 (a), 5 and 6 of this
Rule, either party may refer the case to the Regional Office having jurisdiction over the homeworker. The
Regional Office shall decide the case within ten (10) working days from receipt of the case. Its decision shall be
final and inappealable.

Section 7. Liability of employer and contractor. Whenever an employer shall contract with another for the
performance of the employer's work, it shall be the duty of such employer to provide in such contract that the
employees or homeworkers of the contractor and the latter's sub-contractor shall be paid in accordance with the
provisions of this Rule. In the event that such contractor or sub-contractor fails to pay the wages or earnings of his
employees or homeworkers as specified in this Rule, such employer shall be jointly and severally liable with the
contractor or sub-contractor to the workers of the latter, to the extent that such work is performed under such
contract, in the same manner as if the employees or homeworkers were directly engaged by the employer.

Book Four
HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE BENEFITS

Rule 1
MEDICAL AND DENTAL SERVICES

Section 1. Coverage. This Rule shall apply to all employers, whether operating for profit or not, including the
Government and any of its political subdivisions and government-owned or controlled corporations, which
employs in any workplace one or more workers.

The development and enforcement of dental standards shall continue to be under the responsibility of the Bureau
of Dental Health Services of the Department of Health.

Section 2. Definitions. As used in this Rule, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated hereunder
unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

(a) "First-aid treatment" means adequate, immediate and necessary medical and dental attention or
remedy given in case of injury or sudden illness suffered by a worker during employment, irrespective of
whether or not such injury or illness is work-connected, before more extensive medical and/or dental
treatment can be secured. It does not include continued treatment or follow-up treatment for an injury or
illness.

(b) "Work place" means the office, premises or work site where the workers are habitually employed and
shall include the office or place where the workers who have no fixed or definite work site regularly report
for assignment in the course of their employment.
(c) "First-aider" means any person trained and duly certified as qualified to administer first aid by the
Philippine National Red Cross or by any other organization accredited by the former.

Section 3. Medicines and facilities. Every employer shall keep in or about his work place the first-aid medicines,
equipment and facilities that shall be prescribed by the Department of Labor and Employment within 5 days from
the issuance of these regulations. The list of medicines, equipment and facilities may be revised from time to time
by the Bureau of Working Conditions, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Section 4. Emergency medical and dental services. Any employer covered by this Rule shall provide his
Section 4. Emergency medical and dental services. Any employer covered by this Rule shall provide his
employees medical and dental services and facilities in the following cases and manner:

(a) When the number of workers is from 10 to 50 in a work place, the services of a graduate first-aider shall
be provided who may be one of the workers in the work place and who has immediate access to the first-
aid medicines prescribed in Section 3 of this Rule.

(b) Where the number of workers exceeds 50 but not more than 200, the services of a full-time registered
nurse shall be provided. However, if the work place is non-hazardous, the services of a full-time first-aider
may be provided if a nurse is not available.

(c) Where the number of workers in a work place exceeds 200 but not more than 300, the services of a full-
time registered nurse, a part-time physician and a part-time dentist, and an emergency clinic shall be
provided, regardless of the nature of the undertaking therein. The physician and dentist engaged for such
work place shall stay in the premises for at least two (2) hours a day; Provided, However, that where the
establishment has more than one (1) work shift a day, the required two-hour stay shall be devoted to the
work shift which has the biggest number of workers and they shall, in addition to the requirements of this
Rule, be subject to call at any time during the other work shifts to attend to emergency cases.

(d) Where the number of workers in a hazardous work place exceeds 300, the services of a full-time nurse,
a full-time physician, a full-time dentist, a dental clinic and an infirmary or emergency hospital with one-bed
capacity for every 100 workers shall be provided. The physician and dentist shall stay in the premises of the
work place for at least eight (8) hours a day; Provided, However, that where the work place has more than
one (1) work shift a day, they shall be at work place during the work shift which has the biggest number of
workers and they shall be subject to call at anytime during the other work shifts to attend to emergency
cases. Where the undertaking in such a work place is non-hazardous in nature, the employer may engage
the services of a part-time physician and a part-time dentist who shall have the same responsibilities as
those provided in sub-section (c) of this Section, and shall engage the services of a full-time registered
nurse.

(e) In all work places where there are more than one (1) work shift in a day, the employer shall, in addition
to the requirements of this Rule, provide the services of a full-time first-aider for each workshift.

Section 5. Emergency hospital. An employer need not put up an emergency hospital or dental clinic in the work
place as required in these regulations where there is a hospital or dental clinic which is not more than five (5)
kilometers away from the work place if situated in any urban area or which can be reached by motor vehicle in
twenty-five (25) minutes of travel, if situated in a rural area and the employer has facilities readily available for
transporting a worker to the hospital or clinic in case of emergency: Provided, That the employer shall enter into a
written contract with the hospital or dental clinic for the use thereof in the treatment of workers in case of
emergency.

Section 6. Training and qualifications of medical and dental personnel. The health personnel required to be hired
by an employer pursuant to the Code and these Rules shall have the following minimum qualifications:

(a) A first-aider must be able to read and write and must have completed a course in first-aid duly certified
by the National Red Cross or any other organization accredited by the same.

(b) A nurse must have passed the examination given by the Board of Examiners and duly licensed to
practice nursing in the Philippines and preferably with at least fifty (50) hours of training in occupational
nursing conducted by the Department of Health, the Institute of Public Health of the University of the
Philippines or by any organization accredited by the former.

(c) A physician, whether permanent or part-time, must have passed the examinations given by the Board of
Examiners for physicians, is licensed to practice medicine in the Philippines, and is preferably a graduate of

a training course in occupational medicine conducted by the Bureau of Working Conditions, the Institute of
Public Health of the University of the Philippines or any organization duly accredited by the former.

(d) A dentist, whether permanent or part-time, must have passed the examinations given by the Board of
Examiners for dentists, is licensed to practice dentistry in the Philippines, and preferably has completed a
training course in occupational dentistry conducted by the Bureau of Dental Health Services of the
Department of Health or any organization duly accredited by the former.

Section 7. Opportunity for training. Nurses, physicians, and dentists employed by covered employers on the date
the Code becomes effective and who do not possess the special training qualifications provided in this Rule may
attend the respective training courses pertinent to their field of specialization. The Bureau of Working Conditions
shall initiate the organization and carrying out of appropriate training programs for nurses, physicians and dentists
in coordination with the government agencies or private organizations referred to in the preceding Section.

Section 8. Hazardous work places. The Bureau of Working Conditions, shall, with the approval of the Secretary of
Labor and Employment, issue from time to time a detailed list of hazardous work places for purposes of this Rule,
in addition to the following:

(a) Where the nature of the work exposes the workers to dangerous environmental elements,
contaminations or work conditions including ionizing radiations, chemicals, fire, flammable substances,
noxious components and the like.
 noxious components and the like.

(b) Where the workers are engaged in construction work, logging, fire-fighting, mining, quarrying, blasting,
stevedoring, dock work, deep-sea fishing and mechanized farming.

(c) Where the workers are engaged in the manufacture or handling of explosives and other pyrotechnic
products.

(d) Where the workers use or are exposed to heavy or power-driven machinery or equipment.

(e) Where the workers use or are exposed to power-driven tools.

Section 9. Health program. The physician engaged by an employer pursuant to this Rule shall, in addition to
providing medical services to the workers in cases of emergency, perform among others, the following duties:

(a) Conduct pre-employment medical examination, free of charge, for the proper selection and placement
of workers.

(b) Conduct free of charge annual physical examination of the workers.

(c) Collaborate closely with the safety and technical personnel of the establishment to assure selection and
placement of workers from the standpoint of physical, mental, physiological and psychological suitability,
including investigation of accidents where the probable causes are exposure to occupational health
hazards; and

(d) Develop and implement a comprehensive occupational health program for the employees of the
establishment. A report shall be submitted annually to the Bureau of Working Conditions describing the
program established and the implementation thereof.

Section 10. Medical and dental records. (a) The employer shall furnish the Bureau of Working Conditions with
copies of all contracts of employment of medical personnel and contracts with hospitals or clinics as provided in
Section 5 of this Rule.

(b) The employer shall maintain a record of all medical examinations, treatments and medical activities
undertaken.

(c) The employer shall submit reports in such form, and containing such information, as the Bureau of
Working Conditions may require from time to time.

Rule II
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Section 1. General statement on coverage. (a) This Rule shall apply to all establishments, workplaces, and other
undertakings, including agricultural enterprises, whether operated for profit or not, except to: (1) those engaged in
land, sea and air transportation: Provided, That their dry docks, garages, hangars, maintenance and repair shops
and offices shall be covered by this Rule and (2) residential places exclusively devoted to dwelling purposes.

(b) Except as otherwise provided herein, all establishments, workplaces and undertakings located in all
chartered cities as well as ordinary municipalities shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Department of
Labor and Employment in respect to the administration and enforcement of safety and health standards.

(c) Chartered cities may be allowed to assume responsibility for technical safety inspection by the Secretary
of Labor and Employment upon compliance with such standards and guidelines as he may promulgate. As
used herein, technical safety inspection includes inspection for purposes of safety determination of boilers,
pressure vessels, internal combustion engines, elevators (passenger and freight), dumbwaiters, escalators,
and electrical installation in all workplaces.

Section 2. General occupational health and safety standards. Every employer covered by this Rule shall keep
and maintain his workplace free from work hazards that are causing or likely to cause physical harm to the
workers or damages to property. Subject to the approval of the Secretary of Labor and Employment, the Bureau
of Working Conditions shall, from time to time, issue guidelines for compliance with general occupational health
and safety standards.

Section 3. Occupational Health and Safety Code; effectivity of existing standards. (a) Within six (6) months from
the date of effectivity of this Rule, the Bureau of Working Conditions shall prepare and adopt an Occupational
Health and Safety Code, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

(b) Until the final adoption and approval of an Occupational Health and Safety Code as provided herein,
existing safety orders issued by the Department of Labor and Employment shall remain effective and
enforceable and shall apply in full force and effect to all employers covered by this Rule.

Section 4. Work condition not covered by standards. Any specific standards applicable to a condition, practice,
means, method, operation or process shall also apply to other similar work situations for which no specific
standards have been established.

Section 5. Training of personnel in safety and health. Every employer shall take steps to train a sufficient number
Section 5. Training of personnel in safety and health. Every employer shall take steps to train a sufficient number
of his supervisors or technical personnel in occupational safety and health. An employer may observe the
following guidelines in the training of his personnel:

(a) In every non-hazardous establishment or workplace having from fifty (50) to four hundred (400) workers
each shift, at least one of the supervisors or technical personnel shall be trained in occupational health and
safety and shall be assigned as part-time safety man. Such safety man shall be the secretary of the safety
committee.

(b) In every non-hazardous establishment or workplace having over four hundred (400) workers per shift,
at least two of its supervisors shall be trained and a full-time safety man shall be provided.

(c) In every hazardous establishment or workplace having from twenty (20) to two hundred (200) workers
each shift, at least one of it supervisors or technical man shall be trained who shall work as part-time safety
man. He shall be appointed as secretary of the safety committee therein.

(d) In every hazardous establishment or workplace having over two hundred (200) workers each shift, at
least two of its supervisors or technical personnel shall be trained and one of them shall be appointed full-
time safety man and secretary of the safety committee therein.

(e) The employment of a full-time safety man not be required where the employer enters into a written
contract with a qualified consulting organization which shall develop and carry out his safety and health
activities; Provided, That the consultant shall conduct plant visits at least four (4) hours a week and is
subject to call anytime to conduct accident investigations and is available during scheduled inspections or
surveys by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his authorized representatives.

The provisions of this Section shall be made mandatory upon orders of the Secretary of Labor and Employment
as soon as he is satisfied that adequate facilities on training in occupational safety and health are available in the
Department of Labor and Employment and other public or private entities duly accredited by the Secretary of
Labor and Employment.

Section 6. General duties of workers. (a) Every worker shall cooperate with the employer in carrying out the
provisions of this Rule. He shall report to his supervisors any work hazard that he may discover in his workplace,
without prejudice to the right of the worker to report the matter to the Regional Office concerned.

(b) Every worker shall make proper use of all safeguards and safety devices furnished in accordance with
the provisions of this Rule for his protection and the protection of others and shall follow all instructions
made by the employer in compliance with the provisions of this Rule.

Section 7. Duties of other persons. Any person, including builders or contractors, who visits, builds, innovates or
installs devices in establishments or workplaces shall comply with the provisions of this Rule and all regulations
issued by the employer in compliance with the provisions of this Rule and other subsequent issuances of the
Secretary of Labor and Employment.

Section 8. Administration and enforcement. (a) Every employer shall give to the Secretary of Labor and
Employment or his duly authorized representative access to its premises and records at any time of the day and
night when there is work being undertaken therein for the purpose of determining compliance with the provisions
of this Rule.

(b) Every establishment or workplace shall be inspected at least once a year to determine compliance with
the provisions of this Rule. Special inspection visits, however, may be authorized by the Regional Office to
investigate accidents, conduct surveys requested by the Bureau of Working Conditions, follow-up
inspection, recommendations or to conduct investigations or inspections upon request of an employer,
worker or a labor union in the establishment.

Section 9. Research. (a) The Bureau of Working Conditions, on the basis of experiments, studies, and any other
information available to it, shall develop criteria dealing with toxic materials and other harmful substances and
conditions which will establish safe exposure levels for various periods of employment. Such studies and
researches may be requested by the Secretary of Labor and Employment through grants, contracts or as priority
projects in the programs of nationally recognized research organizations.

(b) The Bureau of Working Conditions shall conduct continuing studies and surveys of workplaces to study
new problems in occupational safety and health including those created by new technology as well as the
motivational and behavioral factors involved therein. The employer shall provide all the necessary
assistance and facilities to carry out these activities.

Section 10. Training. (a) The Bureau of Working Conditions shall conduct continuing programs to increase the
competence of occupational health and safety personnel and to keep them informed of the latest trends, practices
and technology in accidental prevention.

(b) The Bureau of Working Conditions shall conduct continuing programs of safety personnel in all
establishments or workplaces, and for this purpose every employer shall in accordance with Section 7
hereof take such steps as may be necessary for the participation in such programs of at least two of his
supervisors or technical personnel for every two hundred (200) workers per shift; Provided, That in
establishments with less than two hundred (200) workers, at least one shall be assigned to participate in
the training program.
 the training program.

(c) The training may be conducted by the Bureau or any other organization or group of persons accredited
by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

(d) Every training program shall include information on the importance and proper use of adequate safety
and health equipment, and government policies and programs in occupational health and safety.

Book Five
LABOR RELATIONS

Rule 1
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Section 1. Definition of terms.

(a) "Commission" means the National Labor Relations Commission.

(b) "Bureau" means the Bureau of Labor Relations and/or the Industrial Relations Division in the Regional
Offices of the Department of Labor and Employment.

(c) "Board" means the National Conciliation and Mediation Board.

(d) "Code" means the Labor Code of the Philippines, as amended.

(e) "Employer" includes any person acting in the interest of an employer, directly or indirectly. The term
shall not include any labor organization or any of its officers or agents except when acting as employer.

(f) "Employee" includes any person in the employ of a particular employer. The term shall not be limited to
the employees of a particular employer, unless the Code so explicitly states. It shall include any individual
whose work has ceased as a result of or in connection with any current labor dispute or because of any
unfair labor practice if he has not obtained any other substantially equivalent and regular employment.

(g) "Labor Organization" means any union or association of employees which exists in whole or in part for
the purpose of collective bargaining or of dealing with employers concerning terms and conditions of
employment.

(h) "Local Union" means any labor organization operating at the enterprise level.

(i) "National Union/Federation" means any labor organization with at least ten (10) locals or chapters each
of which must be a duly recognized collective bargaining agent.

(j) "Legitimate Labor Organization" means any labor organization duly registered with the Department of
Labor and Employment and includes any branch, local or affiliate thereof.

(k) "Company Union" means any labor organization whose formation, function or administration has been
assisted by any act defined as unfair labor practice by the Code.

(l) "Bargaining Representative" means a legitimate labor organization or any duly authorized officer or
agent of such organization whether or not employed by the employer.

(m) "Unfair Labor Practice" means any unfair labor practice as expressly defined in the Code.

(n) "Labor or Industrial Dispute" includes any controversy or matter concerning terms or conditions of
employment or the association or representation of persons in negotiating the fixing, maintaining, changing
or arranging of terms and conditions of employment regardless of whether or not the disputants stand in
the proximate relationship of employers and employees.

(o) "Managerial Employee" is one who is vested with powers or prerogatives to lay down and execute
management policies and/or to hire, transfer, suspend, layoff, recall, discharge, assign or discipline
employees. Supervisory employees are those who, in the interest of the employer, effectively recommend
such managerial actions if the exercise of such authority is not merely routinary or clerical in nature but
require the use of independent judgment. All employees not falling within any of the above definitions are
considered rank-and-file employees for purposes of this Book.

(p) "Voluntary Arbitrator" means any person accredited by the Board as such, or any person named or
designated in the collective bargaining agreement, by the parties to act as their voluntary arbitrator, or one
chosen, with or without the assistance of the National Conciliation and Mediation Board, pursuant to a
selection procedure agreed upon in the collective bargaining agreement, or any official that may be
authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment to act as voluntary arbitrator upon the written
request and agreement of the parties to a labor dispute.

(q) "Strike" means any temporary stoppage of work by the concerted action of employees as a result of a
labor or industrial dispute.

(r) "Strike-Breaker" means any person who obstructs, impedes, or interferes with by force, violence,
(r) "Strike-Breaker" means any person who obstructs, impedes, or interferes with by force, violence,
coercion, threats or intimidation any peaceful picketing by employees during any labor controversy affecting
wages, hours or conditions of work or in the exercise of the right of self-organization or collective
bargaining.

(s) "Strike Area" means the establishment, warehouse, depots, plants or offices, including the sites or
premises used as run-away shops, of the employer struck against, as well as the immediate vicinity actually
used by picketing strikers in moving to and for before all points of entrance to and exits from said
establishment.

(t) "Lockout" means the temporary refusal of an employer to furnish work as a result of a labor or industry
dispute.

(u) "Internal Union Dispute" includes all disputes or grievances arising from any violation of or disagreement
over any provision of the constitution and by-laws of a union, including any violation of the rights and
conditions of union membership provided for in this Code.

(v) "Appeal" means the elevation by an aggrieved party of any decision, order or award of a lower body to a
higher body, by means of a pleading which includes the assignment of errors, memorandum of arguments
in support thereof, and the reliefs prayed for. A mere notice of appeal, therefore, does not constitute the
appeal as herein defined and understood, and shall not stop the running of the period for perfecting an
appeal.

(w) "Perfection of an Appeal" includes the filing within the prescribed period, of the memorandum of appeal
containing, among others, the assignment of error/s, the argument in support thereof, the reliefs sought
and posting of the appeal bond.

(x) "Certification Election" means the process of determining, through secret ballot, the sole and exclusive
bargaining agent of the employees in an appropriate bargaining unit, for purposes of collective bargaining.

(y) "Consent Election" means the election voluntarily agreed upon by the parties to determine the issue of
majority representation of all the workers in the appropriate collective bargaining unit.

(z) "Run-Off" refers to an election between the labor unions receiving the two (2) higher number of voters
when a certification election which provides for three (3) or more choices results in no choice receiving a
majority of the valid votes cast, where the total number of votes for all contending unions is at least fifty
percent (50%) of the number of votes cast.

(aa) "Registration of Agreement" refers to the filing of the collective bargaining agreement with the Regional
Office or the Bureau accompanied by verified proof of posting and ratification and payment of fee.

(bb) "Organized Establishment" refers to a firm or company where there is a recognized or certified
exclusive bargaining agent.

(cc) "Registration Proceedings" refer to proceedings involving the application for registration of labor
organizations.

(dd) "Cancellation Proceeding" is the process leading to the revocation of the registration certificate of a
labor organization after due process.

(ee) "Hearing Officers" are officers appointed/designated in the Regional Office and authorized to hear and
decide cases under Section 2 of Republic Act No. 6715 and whose decision is appealable to the
Commission.

(ff) "Union Accounts Examiners" are officials in the Bureau or the Industrial Relations Division in the
Regional Office empowered to audit books of accounts of the union.

(gg) "Representation Officer" refer to a person duly authorized to conduct and supervise certification
elections in accordance with Rule VI of this Book.

(hh) "Term of Office" means the tenure of office of elected officials of a labor organization which is for a
fixed period of five (5) years.

(ii) "Cabo" refers to a person or group or persons or to a labor group which, in the guise of a labor
organization, supplies workers to an employer, with or without any monetary or other consideration whether
in the capacity of an agent of the employer or as an ostensible independent contractor.

(jj) "Collective Bargaining Agreement" refers to the negotiated contract between a legitimate labor
organization and the employer concerning wages, hours of work and all other terms and conditions of
employment in a bargaining unit, including mandatory provisions for grievances and arbitration
machineries.

(kk) "Med-Arbiter" is an official in the Regional Office authorized to hear, conciliate, mediate and decide
representation cases, internal union and inter-union disputes.

(ll) "Administrator" refers to the Administrator of the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration or the
 (ll) "Administrator" refers to the Administrator of the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration or the
National Conciliation and Mediation Board as the context so indicates.

Rule II
REGISTRATION OF UNIONS

Section 1. Who may join unions. All persons employed in commercial, industrial and agricultural enterprises,
including employees of government corporations established under the Corporation Code as well as employees
of religious, medical or educational institutions whether operating for profit or not, except managerial employees,
shall have the right to self-organization and to form, join or assist labor organizations for purposes of collective
bargaining. Ambulant, intermittent and itinerant workers, self-employed people, rural workers and those without
any definite employees may form labor organizations for their mutual aid and protection.

Supervisory employees and security guards shall not be eligible for membership in a labor organization of the
rank-and-file employees but may join, assist or form separate labor organizations of their own; Provided, that
those supervisory employees who are included in an existing rank-and-file bargaining unit, upon the effectivity of
Republic Act No. 6715, shall remain in that unit; Provided, further, that alien employees with valid working permits
issued by the Department of Labor and Employment may exercise the right to self-organization and join or assist
labor organizations for purposes of collective bargaining if they are nationals of a country which grants the same
or similar rights to Filipino workers, as certified by the Department of Foreign Affairs.

For the purpose of this Section, any employee, whether employed for a definite period or not, shall, beginning on
the first day of his service, be eligible for membership in the union.

Section 2. Where to file application; procedure. Any national labor organization or labor federation or local union
may file an application for registration with the Bureau or the Regional Office where the applicant's principal office
is located. The Bureau or the Regional Office shall immediately process and approve or deny the application. In
case of approval, the Bureau or the Regional Office shall issue the registration certificate within thirty (30)
calendar days from receipt of the application, together with all the requirements for registration as hereinafter
provided.

Section 3. Union affiliation; direct membership with national union. An affiliate of a labor federation or national
union may be a local or chapter thereof or an independently registered union.

(a) The labor federation or national union concerned shall issue a charter certificate indicating the creation
or establishment of a local or chapter, copy of which shall be submitted to the Bureau of Labor Relations
within thirty (30) days from issuance of such charter certificate.

(b) An independently registered union shall be considered an affiliate of a labor federation or national union
after submission to the Bureau of the contract or agreement of affiliation within thirty (30) days after its
execution.

(c) All existing labor federations or national unions are required to submit a list of all their affiliates, their
addresses and including the names and addresses of their respective officials, to the Bureau within thirty
(30) days from effectivity of these Rules.

(d) All existing labor federations or national unions with direct members are required to organize said
members into locals or chapters in their respective companies or establishments within sixty (60) days from
effectivity of these Rules.

(e) The local or chapter of a labor federation or national union shall have and maintain constitution and by-
laws, set of officers and books of accounts. For reporting purposes, the procedure governing the reporting
of independently registered unions, federations or national unions shall be observed.

(f) No person who is not an employee or worker of the company or establishment where an independently
registered union, affiliate, local or chapter of a labor federation or national union operates shall henceforth
be elected or appointed as an officer of such union, affiliate, local or chapter.

Section 4. Requirements for registration of local unions; applications. The application for registration of a local
union shall be signed by at least twenty percent (20%) of the employees in the appropriate bargaining unit which
the applicant union seeks to represent, and shall be accompanied by the following:

(a) Fifty-peso registration fee;

(b) The names of its officers, their addresses, the principal address of the labor organization, the minutes of
the organizational meetings and the list of the workers who participated in such meetings;

(c) The names of all its members and the number of employees in the bargaining unit;

(d) If the applicant union has been in existence for one or more years, copies of its annual financial reports;

(e) Four copies of its constitution and by-laws, minutes of its adoption or ratification, and the list of the
members who participated in it.

(f) A sworn statement by the applicant union that there is no certified bargaining agent in the bargaining unit
concerned. In case where there is an existing collective bargaining agreement duly submitted to the
 concerned. In case where there is an existing collective bargaining agreement duly submitted to the
Department of Labor and Employment, a sworn statement that the application for registration is filed during
the last sixty (60) days of the agreement; and

(g) The application for registration and all the accompanying documents shall be verified under oath by the
secretary or the treasurer, as the case may be, and attested to by the president.

Section 5. Denial of registration of local unions. The Regional Office of the Bureau may deny the application for
registration on grounds of non-compliance with the requirements enumerated in Section 4 hereof.

The decision of the Regional Office or the Bureau denying the application for registration shall be in writing,
stating in clear terms the reasons therefor. A copy thereof shall be furnished the applicant union.

Section 6. Appeal. Any applicant union may appeal to the Bureau the denial of registration by the Regional
Office, or to the Secretary if the denial is by the Bureau, within ten (10) calendar days from receipt of such
decision on grounds of:

(a) Grave abuse of discretion; and

(b) Gross incompetence.

The appeal shall be filed in the Regional Office/Bureau which shall cause the transmittal of the records to the
Bureau/Secretary within five (5) calendar days from receipt of the appeal.

The Bureau/Secretary shall decide the appeal within twenty (20) calendar days from receipt of the records of the
case.

Section 7. Cancellation of registration certificate. The certificate of registration of any legitimate labor
organization including labor federations or national unions may be cancelled by the Bureau or the Regional Office
on any of the following grounds:

(a) Violation of Articles 234, 237 and 239 of the Code;

(b) Failure to comply with Article 238 of the Code; and

(c) Violation of any of the provisions of Article 241 of the Code.

Section 8. Notice of Cancellation. The Bureau or the Regional Office shall serve a notice of the cancellation
proceedings on the labor organization concerned stating the grounds therefor, at least fifteen (15) calendar days
before the scheduled date of hearing. In such hearing, the representative of the labor organization shall have the
right to present its side.

Section 9. Appeal. The labor organization may, unless the law provides otherwise, within fifteen (15) calendar
days from receipt of the decision cancelling or revoking its certificate of registration, file an appeal to the Bureau,
or in case of cancellation by the Bureau, to the Secretary, on any of the following grounds:

(a) Grave abuse of discretion; and

(b) Gross incompetence.

The Bureau/Secretary shall have fifteen (15) calendar days from receipt of the records of the case within which to
decide the appeal. The decision shall be final and inappealable.

Section 10. Rights of labor organizations. A legitimate labor organization shall have the rights enumerated in
Article 242 of the Code.

Section 11. Automatic cancellation of union registration. (a) The Bureau or the Regional Office shall, after due
process, cancel the certificate of registration of any labor organization which fails to submit the financial reports
required by the Code and its Implementing Rules six (6) months after the effectivity of Republic Act No. 6715.

(b) The reports required under this section shall be submitted to the Bureau or the Regional Office.

Rule III
RESTRUCTURING

Rule IV
EQUITY OF THE INCUMBENT

Rule V
REPRESENTATION CASES AND INTERNAL-UNION DISPUTES

Section 1. Where to file. A petition for certification election shall be filed with the Regional Office which has
jurisdiction over the principal office of the petitioner. The petition shall be in writing and under oath.

Section 2. Who may file. Any legitimate labor organization or the employer, when requested to bargain
collectively, may file the petition.

The petition, when filed by a legitimate labor organization shall contain, among others:
The petition, when filed by a legitimate labor organization shall contain, among others:

(a) The name of petitioner and its address and affiliation, if any;

(b) Name, address and nature of the employer's business;

(c) Description of the bargaining unit which shall be the employer unit unless circumstances otherwise
require; and provided further, that the appropriate bargaining unit of the rank-and-file employees shall not
include supervisory employees and/or security guards;

(d) Appropriate number of the employees in the alleged bargaining unit;

(e) Names and addresses of other legitimate labor organizations in the bargaining unit;

(f) In an organized establishment, the signatures of at least twenty-five (25%) percent of all employees in
the appropriate bargaining unit; and

(g) Other relevant facts.

When the petition is filed by an employer, it shall contain, among others:

(a) The name, address and general nature of the employer's business;

(b) Names and addresses of the legitimate labor organizations involved;

(c) Approximate number of the employees in the appropriate bargaining unit;

(d) Description of the bargaining unit which shall be the employer unit unless circumstances otherwise
required; and provided further, that the appropriate bargaining unit of the rank-and-file employees shall not
include supervisory employees and/or security guards;

(e) Other relevant facts.

Section 3. When to file. In the absence of a collective bargaining agreement duly registered in accordance with
Article 231 of the Code, a petition for certification election may be filed at any time. However, no certification
election may be held within one year from the date of issuance of a final certification election result. Neither may a
representation question be entertained if, before the filing of a petition for certification election, a bargaining
deadlock to which an incumbent or certified bargaining agent is a party had been submitted to conciliation or
arbitration or had become the subject of a valid notice of strike or lockout.

If a collective bargaining agreement has been duly registered in accordance with Article 231 of the Code, a
petition for certification election or a motion for intervention can only be entertained within sixty (60) days prior to
the expiry date of such agreement.

Section 4. Effects of early agreements. The representation case shall not, however, be adversely affected by a
collective bargaining agreement registered before or during the last sixty (60) days of a subsisting agreement or
during the pendency of the representation case.

Section 5. Where to file motion for intervention. The motion for intervention in certification election proceedings
shall be filed before the Med-Arbiter assigned to the case. The mere filing of said motion, however, will not
suspend the holding of the certification election without an order issued by the Med-Arbiter.

Section 6. Procedure. Upon receipt of a petition, the Regional Director shall assign the case to a Med-Arbiter for
appropriate action. The Med-Arbiter, upon receipt of the assigned petition, shall have twenty (20) working days
from submission of the case for resolution within which to dismiss or grant the petition.

In a petition filed by a legitimate organization involving an unorganized establishment, the Med-Arbiter shall
immediately order the conduct of a certification election.

In a petition involving an organized establishment or enterprise where the majority status of the incumbent
collective bargaining union is questioned through a verified petition by a legitimate labor organization, the Med-
Arbiter shall immediately order the certification election by secret ballot if the petition is filed during the last sixty
(60) days of the collective bargaining agreement and supported by the written consent of at least twenty-five
percent (25%) of all the employees in the bargaining unit. Any petition filed before or after the sixty-day freedom
period shall be dismissed outright. The twenty-five percent (25%) requirement shall be satisfied upon the filing of
the petition, otherwise the petition shall be dismissed.

The sixty-day freedom period based on the original collective bargaining agreement shall not be affected by any
amendment, extension or renewal of the collective bargaining agreement for purposes of certification election.

The decision calling for the conduct of an election shall contain the following:

(a) Names of the contending unions;

(b) Name of the employer;

 (c) Description of the bargaining unit, and

(d) List of eligible voters which shall be based on the payroll three (3) months prior to the filing of the
petition for certification election.

The certification election shall be held within twenty (20) calendar days from receipt of the order by the parties.

Section 7. Appeal. Any aggrieved party may appeal the order of the Med-Arbiter to the Secretary on the ground
that the rules and regulations or parts thereof established by the Secretary for the conduct of election have been
violated.

The appeal shall specifically state the grounds relied upon by the appellant with the supporting memorandum.

Section 8. Where to file appeal. The appeal, which shall be under oath and copy furnished the appellee, shall be
filed in the Regional Office where the case originated.

Section 9. Period of Appeal. The appeal shall be filed within ten (10) calendar days from receipt of the order by
the appellant. Any opposition thereto may be filed within ten (10) calendar days from receipt of the appeal. The
Regional Director shall within five (5) calendar days forward the entire records of the case to the Office of the
Secretary.

Section 10. Decision of the Secretary final and inappealable. The Secretary shall have fifteen (15) calendar days
within which to decide the appeal from receipt of the records of the case. The filing of the appeal from the
decision of the Med-Arbiter stays the holding of any certification election. The decision of the secretary shall be
final and inappealable.

Section 11. Execution pending appeal. The execution of the order of the Med-Arbiter shall be stayed pending
appeal.

Rule VI
ELECTION

Section 1. Conduct of an election. The Regional Division shall cause the necessary posting of notices at least five
(5) working days before the actual date of election in two most conspicuous places in the company premises. The
notices shall contain the date of election, names of the contending parties, the description of the bargaining unit
and the list of eligible voters.

Section 2. Election conducted during regular business day. The election shall be set during the regular business
day of the company unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties.

Section 3. Representation officer may rule on any on-the-spot questions. The Representation Officer may rule on
any on-the-spot question arising from the conduct of the election. The interested party may, however, file a
protest with the Representation Officer before the close of the proceedings.

Protests not so raised are deemed waived. Such protests shall be contained in the minutes of the proceedings.

Section 4. Protest to be decided in twenty (20) working days. When the protest is formalized before the Med-
Arbiter within five (5) days after the close of the election proceedings, the Med-Arbiter shall decide the same
within twenty (20) working days from the date of its formalization. If not formalized within the prescribed period,
the protest shall be deemed dropped. The decision may be appealed to the Bureau in the same manner and on
the same grounds as provided under Rule V.

Section 5. Motion to postpone does not stay election. The filing of a motion to postpone shall not stay the holding
of the election.

Section 6. Duties of Representation Officer. Before the actual voting commences, the Representation Officer
shall inspect the polling place, the ballot boxes and the polling booths to insure secrecy of balloting. The parties
shall be given opportunity to witness the inspection proceedings. After the examination of the ballot box, the
Representation Officer shall lock it with three keys one of which he shall keep and the rest forthwith given one
each to the employer's representative and the representative of the labor organization. If more than one union is
involved, the holder of the third key shall be determined by drawing of lots. The key shall remain in the possession
of the Representation Officer and the parties during the proceedings and thereafter until all the controversies
concerning the conduct of the election shall have been definitely resolved.

Section 7. Preparation of ballots. Ballots shall be prepared in Filipino and English along with a translation in the
local dialect, if any, for the guidance of worker-voters.

Section 8. Marking and canvassing of votes. (a) The voter must write a cross (x) or a check (/) in the square
opposite the union of his choice. If only one union is involved, the voter shall make his cross or check in the
square indicating "Yes" or "No".

(b) If a ballot is torn, marked, or defaced, in such a manner as to create doubt or confusion or identify the
voter, it shall be considered spoiled. If the voter inadvertently spoils a ballot, he shall return it to the
Representation Officer who shall destroy it and deliver him another ballot.
 (c) As soon as the polls close, the votes cast shall be counted and tabulated by the Representation Officer
in the presence of the representatives of the parties. Upon completion of the canvassing, the
Representation Officer shall give each representative a certification of the result of the election and minutes
of the concluded election.

(d) The ballots, tally sheets, and certification of the results, together with the minutes of the election, shall
be sealed in an envelope and signed outside by the Representation Officer and by representatives of the
contending parties. These envelopes shall remain sealed under the custody of the Representation Officer
until after the Med-Arbiter has finally certified the winner.

(e) The Med-Arbiter, upon receipt of the results of the election and no protest having been filed, shall certify
the winner.

(f) The union which obtained a majority of the valid votes cast by the eligible voters shall be certified as the
sole and exclusive bargaining agent of all the workers in the appropriate unit. However, in order to have a
valid election, at least a majority of all eligible voters in the bargaining unit must have cast their votes.

Rule VII
CHALLENGES AND RUN-OFFS

Section 1. Challenging of votes. (a) Any vote may be challenged for a valid cause by any observer before the
voter has deposited his vote in the ballot box.

(b) If a ballot is challenged on valid grounds, the Representation Officer shall segregate it from the
unchallenged ballots and seal it in an envelope. The Representation Officer shall indicate on the envelope
the name of the challenger and the ground of the challenge.

Section 2. Run-off election. When an election which provides for three (3) or more choices results in no choice
receiving a majority of the valid votes cast, and no objections or challenges have been presented which if
sustained might change the results, the representation officer shall motu proprio conduct a run-off election within
five (5) calendar days from the close of the election between the labor unions receiving the two highest number of
votes; Provided, that the total number of votes for all contending unions is at least fifty (50%) percent of the
number of votes cast.

The ballots in the run-off election shall provide for two choices receiving the highest and the second highest
number of the votes cast.

Rule VIII
INTERNAL UNION-DISPUTES

Section 1. Complaint. A complaint for any violation of the constitution and by-laws and the rights and conditions
of membership under Article 242 may filed in the Regional Office where the union is domiciled.

Section 2. Who may file. If the issue involves the entire membership of the union, the complaint shall be signed
by at least 30 percent of the membership of the union.

In addition to the above requirement, the petition must show on its face that the administrative remedies provided
for in the constitution and by-laws have been exhausted or such remedies are not readily available to the
complaining members through no fault of their own. However, if the issue affects a single member only, such
member may alone file his complaint.

Section 3. Contents of complaint. The complaint must, among other things, contain the following:

(a) The person or persons charged;

(b) The specific violation/s committed;

(c) The relief/s prayed for; and

(d) Other relevant matters.

Such complaint must be in writing and under oath, and a copy thereof served on the respondent.

Section 4. Procedure. Upon receipt of the complaint, the Regional Director shall immediately assign the case to a
Med-Arbiter. The Med-Arbiter shall have twenty (20) working days within which to settle or decide the case. The
decision of the Med-Arbiter shall state the facts and the reliefs granted, if any. If the conflicts involve a violation of
the rights and conditions of the membership enumerated under Article 242 of the Code, the Med-Arbiter shall
order the cancellation of the registration certificate of the erring union or the expulsion of the guilty party from the
union, whichever is appropriate.

Section 5. Appeal. The aggrieved party may, within ten (10) calendar days from receipt of the decision of the
Med-Arbiter, appeal the same to the Secretary on any of the following grounds:

(a) Grave abuse of discretion; and

 (b) Gross incompetence.

The appeal shall consist of a position paper specifically stating the grounds relied upon by the appellant and
supporting arguments under oath.

Section 6. Where to file appeal. The appellant shall file his appeal, which shall be under oath and copy furnished
the appellee in the Regional Office where the case originated.

Section 7. Period to answer. The appellee shall file his answer thereto within ten (10) calendar days from receipt
of the appeal. The Regional Director shall, within five (5) calendar days, forward the entire records of the case to
the Office of the Secretary.

Section 8. Decision of the Secretary final and inappealable. The Secretary shall have fifteen (15) calendar days
within which to decide the appeal from receipt of the records of the case. The decision of the Secretary shall be
final and inappealable.

Section 9. Execution pending appeal. The execution of the order of the Med-Arbiter shall be stayed pending
appeal.

Rule VIII-A
VISITORIAL POWER

Section 1. Exercise of visitorial power. The Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized
representative shall inquire into the financial activities of any legitimate labor organization and examine their
books of accounts and other records to determine compliance with the law and the organization, constitution and
by-laws, upon filing of a complaint under oath and duly supported by the written consent of at least twenty (20%)
percent of the total membership of the labor organization concerned.

Section 2. Period of inquiry or examination. No inquiry or examination of the financial activities and books of
accounts as well as other records of any legitimate labor organization mentioned in the preceding section shall be
conducted during the sixty (60) days freedom period nor within thirty (30) days immediately preceding the date of
election of union officials.

Rule IX
REGISTRATION OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENTS

Section 1. Registration of collective bargaining agreement. The parties to a collective bargaining agreement shall
submit to the Bureau or the appropriate Regional Office five (5) duly signed up copies thereof within thirty (30)
calendar days from execution. Such copies of the agreement shall be accompanied by verified proof of its posting
in two conspicuous places in the workplace and of ratification by the majority of all the workers in the bargaining
unit.

Five (5) copies of the collective bargaining agreement executed pursuant to an award by the appropriate
government authority or by a voluntary arbitrator shall likewise be submitted by the parties to the Bureau or
Regional Office accompanied by verified proof of its posting in two conspicuous places in the workplace.

Such proof shall consist of copies of the following documents certified under oath by the union secretary and
attested to by the union president:

(a) Statement that the collective bargaining agreement was posted in at least two conspicuous places in the
establishment at least five (5) days before its ratification, and

(b) Statement that the collective bargaining agreement was ratified by the majority of the employees in the
bargaining unit.

The posting required in the preceding paragraph shall be the responsibility of the parties.

The Bureau or the Regional Office shall assess the employer for every collective bargaining agreement a
registration fee of one thousand (P1,000.00) pesos.

The Regional Office shall transmit two (2) copies of the agreement to the Bureau and one (1) to the Board within
five (5) calendar days from its registration. Where the agreement is registered with the Bureau, one (1) copy shall
be sent to the Board and two (2) copies to the Regional Office where the company has its principal office.

The Bureau or the Regional Office shall issue a certificate of registration within five (5) calendar days from receipt
of the agreement.

Section 2. Terms of collective bargaining agreement. The representation status of the collective bargaining agent
shall be for a period of five (5) years. The parties are encouraged to conclude a collective bargaining agreement
with a term of not more than five (5) years; Provided, that the parties shall renegotiate all provisions other than
the representation issue not later than the third year; Provided further, that the collective bargaining agreement or
other provisions of such agreement entered into within six (6) months from the date of expiry of the term of such
other provisions as fixed in the collective bargaining agreement shall retroact to the day immediately following
such date. If any such agreement is entered into beyond six months, the parties shall agree on the date of
effectivity thereof. In case of a deadlock in the renegotiation, of the collective bargaining agreement, the parties
may exercise their rights under this Code. In case of such a renegotiation, all requirements for registration shall
be complied with, except for the payment of the registration fee.

The term of all contracts entered into before the effectivity of Republic Act No. 6715, shall be respected.
Thereafter, any new collective bargaining agreement that shall be entered into in the same establishment shall
conform with the provisions of Republic Act No. 6715.

Rule X
LABOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

Section 1. Enlightenment of unionists as a duty. It shall be the duty of every legitimate labor organization to
enlighten its members on their rights and obligations as unionists and as employees.

Section 2. Special fund for labor education and research. Every legitimate labor organization shall, for the above
purpose, maintain a special fund for labor education and research. Existing strike funds may be transformed into
labor education and research funds, in whole or in part. The union may also periodically assess and collect a
reasonable amount from its members for such fund.

Section 3. Mandatory seminars. It shall be mandatory for every legitimate labor organization to conduct seminars
and similar activities on existing labor laws, collective agreements, company rules and regulations, and other
relevant matters. The union seminars and similar activities may be conducted independently or in cooperation
with the Department of Labor and Employment, the Asian Labor Education Center, the Institute of Labor and
Manpower Studies, and other labor-education groups.

Section 4. Official receipts. All collections and expenditures of funds for labor research and education shall be
duly covered by official receipts subject to account examination by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his
representative.

Section 5. Grounds for impeachment or expulsion. Failure to provide adequate labor education and research
services to members of a labor organization shall be a ground for the impeachment or expulsion of the officer or
officers responsible therefor in accordance with the provisions of the constitution and by-laws of the labor
organization concerned. Misuse or illegal disbursement of the labor education and research fund shall be a
ground for impeachment or expulsion from the union and punishable under the relevant provisions of the
constitution and by-laws of the union and other applicable laws.

Rule XI
VOLUNTARY ARBITRATION

Section 1. Jurisdiction of voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators. The voluntary arbitrator or panel of
voluntary arbitrators named in the collective bargaining agreement shall have exclusive and original jurisdiction to
hear and decide all grievances arising from the implementation or interpretation of the collective bargaining
agreement and those arising from the interpretation or enforcement of company personnel policies which remain
unresolved after exhaustion of the grievance procedure.

The voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators, upon agreement of the parties, shall also hear and
decide all other labor disputes including unfair labor practice and bargaining deadlocks.

Section 2. Referral of cases to voluntary arbitration. All grievances unsettled or unresolved within seven (7)
calendar days from the date of its submission for resolution to the last step of the grievance machinery shall
automatically be referred to voluntary arbitration prescribed in the collective bargaining agreement.

The Commission, its regional branches and the Regional Directors of the Department of Labor and Employment
shall not entertain disputes, grievances or matters under the exclusive and original jurisdiction of the voluntary
arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators and shall immediately dispose and refer the same to the appropriate
grievance machinery or voluntary arbitration provided in the collective bargaining agreement.

In case issues arising from the interpretation or implementation of the collective bargaining agreements or those
arising from the interpretation or enforcement of company personnel policies are raised in notices of strikes or
lockouts or requests for preventive mediation, the regional branch of the Board shall advise the parties to submit
the issue/s to voluntary arbitration.

Section 3. All labor-management dispute subject to voluntary arbitration. It is the policy of the State to encourage
voluntary arbitration on all other labor-management disputes. Before or at any state of the compulsory arbitration
process, the parties may opt to submit their dispute to voluntary arbitration.

Section 4. Powers of voluntary arbitrator and panel voluntary arbitrators. The voluntary arbitrator or panel of
voluntary arbitrators shall have the power to hold hearings, receive evidence and take whatever action is
necessary to resolve the issue/s subject of the dispute.

The voluntary arbitrator or panel of arbitrators may conciliate or mediate to aid the parties in reaching a voluntary
settlement of the disputes.

Section 5. Procedures. All parties to the dispute shall be entitled to attend the arbitration proceedings. The
attendance of any third party or the exclusion of any witness from the proceedings shall be determined by the
voluntary arbitrator or panel of arbitrators. Hearing may be adjourned for cause or upon agreement by the
voluntary arbitrator or panel of arbitrators. Hearing may be adjourned for cause or upon agreement by the
parties.

Unless the parties agree otherwise, it shall be mandatory for the voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary
arbitrators to render an award or decision within twenty (20) calendar days from the date of submission of the
dispute to voluntary arbitration.

Section 6. Award/Decision. The award or decision of the voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators
must state in clear, concise and definite terms the facts, the law and/or contract upon which it is based. It shall be
final and executory after ten (10) calendar days from the receipt of the copy of the award or decision by the
parties.

Section 7. Execution of Award/Decision. Upon motion of any interested party, the voluntary arbitrator or panel of
voluntary arbitrators or the Labor Arbiter in the region where the movant resides, in case of the absence or
incapacity of the voluntary arbitrator or panel of voluntary arbitrators for any reason, may issue a writ of execution
requiring either the Sheriff of the Commission or regular courts or any public official whom the parties may
designate in the submission agreement to execute the final decision order or award.

Section 8. Cost of voluntary arbitration and voluntary arbitrator's fee. The parties to a collective bargaining
agreement shall provide therein a proportionate sharing scheme on the cost of voluntary arbitration including the
voluntary arbitrator's fee. The fixing of fee of voluntary arbitrators or panel of arbitrators, whether shouldered
wholly by the parties or subsidized by the Special Voluntary Arbitration Fund, shall take into account the following
factors:

(a) Nature of the case;

(b) Time consumed in hearing the case;

(c) Professional standing of the voluntary arbitrator;

(d) Capacity to pay of the parties; and

(e) Fees provided for in the Revised Rules of Court.

Unless the parties agree otherwise, the cost of voluntary arbitration proceedings and voluntary arbitrator's fee
shall be shared equally by the parties.

Parties are encouraged to set aside funds to answer for the cost of voluntary arbitration proceedings including
voluntary arbitrator's fee. In the event that said funds are not sufficient to cover such expenses, an amount by
way of subsidy taken out of the Special Voluntary Arbitration Fund may be availed of by either or both parties
under Section 9 of these Rules.

Section 9. Voluntary arbitration subsidy. The Special Voluntary Arbitration Fund shall be available to subsidize
the cost of voluntary arbitration in cases involving the interpretation and implementation of the collective
bargaining agreement and the interpretation and enforcement of company personnel policies, including the
arbitrator's fees, subject to the guidelines on voluntary arbitration to be issued by the Secretary.

Rule XII
LABOR-MANAGEMENT COUNCIL

Section 1. Creation of labor-management council. The Department shall promote the formation of a labor-
management council in organized establishments to enable the workers to participate in policy and decision-
making processes in the establishment insofar as said processes will directly affect their rights, benefits and
welfare, except those which are covered by collective bargaining agreements or are traditional areas of
bargaining.

The Department shall render, among others, the following services:

1. Conduct awareness campaigns on the need to establish labor-management councils.

2. Assist the parties, through the Department's field workers, in setting up labor-management structures,
functions and procedures;

3. Provide process facilitators in labor-management council meetings upon request of the parties; and

4. Monitor the activities of labor-management councils as may be necessary.

5. In establishments where no legitimate labor organization exists, labor-management committees may be

formed voluntarily by workers and employers for the purpose of promoting industrial peace. The
Department shall endeavor to enlighten and educate the workers and employers on their rights and
responsibilities.

Section 2. Assistance by the Department. The Department, upon its own initiative or upon the request of both
parties, may assist in the formulation and development of labor-management cooperation, programs and projects
on productivity, occupational safety and health, improvement of quality of work life, product quality improvement,
and the like.
and the like.

Rule XIII
PICKETING, STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS

Section 1. Grounds for strike and lockout. A strike or lockout may be declared in cases of bargaining deadlocks
and unfair labor practices. Violations of collective bargaining agreements, except flagrant and/or malicious refusal
to comply with its economic provisions, shall not be considered unfair labor practice and shall not be strikeable.
No strike or lockout may be declared on grounds involving inter-union and internal union disputes or on issues
brought to voluntary or compulsory arbitration.

Section 2. Who may declare a strike or lockout. Any certified or duly recognized bargaining representative may
declare a strike in cases of bargaining deadlocks and unfair labor practices. The employer may declare a lockout
in the same cases. In the absence of a certified or duly recognized bargaining representative, any legitimate labor
organization in the establishment may declare a strike but only on grounds of unfair labor practices.

Section 3. Notice of strike or lockout. In cases of bargaining deadlocks, a notice of strike or lockout shall be filed
with the regional branch of the Board at least thirty (30) days before the intended date thereof, a copy of said
notice having been served on the other party concerned. In cases of unfair labor practices, the period of notice
shall be fifteen (15) days. However, in case of unfair labor practice involving the dismissal from employment of
union officers duly elected in accordance with the union constitution and by-laws which may constitute union-
busting where the existence of the union is threatened, the fifteen-day cooling-off period shall not apply and the
union may take action immediately after the strike vote is conducted and the results thereof submitted to the
Department of Labor and Employment.

Section 4. Contents of notice. The notice shall state, among others, the names and addresses of the employer
and the union involved, the nature of the industry to which the employer belongs, the number of union members
and of the workers in the bargaining unit, and such other relevant data as may facilitate the settlement of the
dispute, such as a brief statement or enumeration of all pending labor disputes involving the same parties.

In cases of bargaining deadlocks, the notice shall, as far as practicable, further state the unresolved issues in the
bargaining negotiations and be accompanied by the written proposals of the union, the counter-proposals of the
employer and the proof of a request for conference to settle the differences. In cases of unfair labor practices, the
notice shall, as far as practicable, state the acts complained of and the efforts taken to resolve the dispute
amicably.

Any notice which does not conform with the requirements of this and the foregoing sections shall be deemed as
not having been filed and the party concerned shall be so informed by the regional branch of the Board.

Section 5. Disclosure of information. In collective bargaining, the parties shall, at the request of either of them,
make available such up-to-date financial information on the economic situation of the undertaking, which is
normally submitted to relevant government agencies, as is material and necessary for meaningful negotiations.
Where the disclosure of some of this information could be prejudicial to the undertaking, its communication may
be made conditioned upon a commitment that it would be regarded as confidential to the extent required. The
information to be made available may be agreed upon between the parties to collective bargaining.

Section 6. Conciliation. Upon receipt of the notice, the regional branch of the Board shall exert all efforts at
mediation and conciliation to enable the parties to settle the dispute amicably. The regional branch of the Board
shall also encourage the parties to submit the dispute to voluntary arbitration.

During the proceedings, the parties shall not do any act which may disrupt or impede the early settlement of the
dispute. They are obliged, as part of their duty to bargain collectively in good faith, to participate fully and promptly
in the conciliation meetings called by the regional branch of the Board. The regional branch of the Board shall
have the power to issue subpoenas requiring the attendance of the parties to the meetings.

Information and statements given at conciliation proceedings shall be treated as privileged communications.
Conciliators and similar officials shall not testify in any court or body regarding any matter taken up at conciliation
proceedings conducted by them.

Section 7. Strike or lockout vote. A decision to declare a strike must be approved by a majority of the total union
membership in the bargaining unit concerned obtained by secret ballot in meetings or referenda called for the
purpose. A decision to declare a lockout must be approved by a majority of the board of directors of the employer
corporation or association or the partners in a partnership obtained by a secret ballot in a meeting called for the
purpose.

The regional branch of the Board may, at its own initiative or upon the request of any affected party, supervise the
conduct of the secret balloting. In every case, the union or the employer shall furnish the regional branch of the
Board the notice of meetings referred to in the preceding paragraph at least twenty-four (24) hours before such
meetings as well as the results of the voting at least seven (7) days before the intended strike or lockout, subject
to the cooling-off period provided in this Rule.

Section 8. Declaration of strike or lockout. Should the dispute remain unsettled after the lapse of the requisite
number of days from the filing of the notice or strike or lockout and of the results of the election required in the
preceding section, the labor union may strike or the employer may lock out its workers. The regional branch of the
Board shall continue mediating and conciliating.
Board shall continue mediating and conciliating.

Section 8-a. Improved offer balloting. In case of a strike, the regional branch of the Board shall, at its own
initiative or upon the request of any affected party, conduct a referendum by secret balloting on the improved
offer of the employer on or before the 30th day of the strike. When at least a majority of the union members vote
to accept the improved offer, the striking workers shall immediately return to work and the employer shall
thereupon readmit them upon the signing of the agreement.

In case of a lockout, the regional branch of the Board shall also conduct a referendum by secret balloting on the
reduced offer of the union on or before the 30th day of the lockout. When at least a majority of the board of
directors or trustees or the partners holding the controlling interest in the case of a partnership vote to accept the
reduced offer, the workers shall immediately return to work and the employer shall thereupon readmit them upon
the signing of the agreement.

Section 9. Hiring of replacements. The mere participation of a worker in a lawful strike shall not constitute
sufficient ground for termination of his employment even if a replacement had been hired by the employer during
such lawful strike. But any union officer who knowingly participates in an illegal strike and any worker or union
officer who knowingly participates in the commission of illegal acts during a strike may be declared to have lost his
employment status.

Section 10. Prohibition regarding the employment of replacements. No public official employee, including officers
and personnel of the Armed Forces of the Philippines or the Integrated National Police, or any armed person shall

(a) Bring in, introduce or escort, in any manner, any individual who seeks to replace strikers in entering or
leaving the premises of a strike area, or

(b) Work in place of the strikers.

Nothing herein shall be interpreted to prevent the aforementioned officials, employees or peace officers from
taking any measure necessary to maintain peace and order and/or protect life and property.

Section 11. Peaceful picketing. Workers shall have the right to peaceful picketing. No person engaged in
picketing shall commit any act of violence, coercion or intimidation or obstruct the free ingress to or egress from
the employer's premises for lawful purposes, or obstruct public thoroughfares.

No person shall obstruct, impede or interfere with, by force, violence, coercion, threats or intimidation, any
peaceful picketing by workers during any labor controversy or in the exercise of the right to self-organization or
collective bargaining or shall aid or abet such obstruction or interference. No employer shall use or employ any
person to commit such acts nor shall any person be employed for such purpose.

Section 12. Injunctions. No court or entity shall enjoin any picketing, strike or lockout, except as provided in
Articles 218 and 264 of the Code.

The Commission shall have the power to issue temporary injunctions in such cases but only after due notice and
hearing and in accordance with its rules. The reception of evidence for the application of a writ of injunction may
be delegated by the Commission to any Labor Arbiter who shall submit his recommendations to the Commission
for its consideration and resolution. Where the parties are not residents of Manila, the Labor Arbiter shall conduct
hearings in such places as he may determine to be accessible to the parties and their witnesses.

Any ex parte restraining order issued by the Commission, or its Chairman or Vice-Chairman when the
Commission is not in session and as prescribed by its rules, shall be valid for a period not exceeding 20 days.

Section 13. Criminal prosecution. The regular courts shall have jurisdiction over any criminal action under Article
273 of the Code.

Section 14. Definition of "export-oriented industries." For the purpose of paragraph (g) of Article 264 of the Code,
"export-oriented industries" means firms exporting 50 percent or more of their products worth at least $1 million or
those annually exporting at least $10 million worth of their products or those exporting manufactured or
processed goods with high value or labor value added as distinguished from traditional exports.

Rule XIV
TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

Section 1. Security of tenure and due process. No workers shall be dismissed except for a just or authorized
cause provided by law and after due process.

Section 2. Notice of dismissal. Any employer who seeks to dismiss a worker shall furnish him a written notice
stating the particular acts or omission constituting the grounds for his dismissal. In cases of abandonment of work,
the notice shall be served at the worker's last known address.

Section 3. Preventive suspension. The employer may place the worker concerned under preventive suspension if
his continued employment poses a serious and imminent threat to the life or property of the employer or of his co-
workers.

Section 4. Period of suspension. No preventive suspension shall last longer than 30 days. The employer shall
thereafter reinstate the worker in his former or in a substantially equivalent position or the employer may extend
the period of suspension provided that during the period of extension, he pays the wages and other benefits due
to the worker. In such case, the worker shall not be bound to reimburse the amount paid to him during the
extension if the employer decides, after completion of the hearing, to dismiss the worker.

Section 5. Answer and hearing. The worker may answer the allegations stated against him in the notice of
dismissal within a reasonable period from receipt of such notice. The employer shall afford the worker ample
opportunity to be heard and to defend himself with the assistance of his representative, if he so desires.

Section 6. Decision to dismiss. The employer shall immediately notify a worker in writing of a decision to dismiss
him stating clearly the reasons therefor.

Section 7. Right to contest dismissal. Any decision taken by the employer shall be without prejudice to the right of
the worker to contest the validity or legality of his dismissal by filing a complaint with the Regional Branch of the
Commission.

Section 8. Period to decide. Cases involving the dismissal of a worker shall be decided by the Labor Arbiter within
20 working days from the date of submission of such cases for decision.

Section 9. Reinstatement pending hearing. The Secretary may suspend the effects of the termination pending
resolution of the case in the event of a prima facie finding that the termination may cause a serious labor dispute
or is in implementation of a mass lay-off.

Section 10. Certification of employment. A dismissed worker shall be entitled to receive, on request, a certificate
from the employer specifying the dates of his engagement and termination of his employment and the type or
types of work on which he is employed.

Section 11. Report of dismissal. The employer shall submit a monthly report to the Regional Office having
jurisdiction over the place of work all dismissals effected by him during the month, specifying therein the names of
the dismissed workers, the reasons for their dismissal, the date of commencement and termination of
employment, the positions last held by them and such other information as may be required by the Department
for policy guidance and statistical purposes.

Rule XV
EXECUTION OF DECISIONS, AWARDS OR ORDERS

Section 1. Decision of Commission. The decision of the Commission shall be final and executory after ten (10)
calendar days from receipt thereof by the parties.

Section 2. Execution of decisions, orders or awards. (a) The Secretary of Labor and Employment or any
Regional Director, Med-Arbiter or voluntary arbitrator may, upon his own initiative or on motion of any interested
party, issue a writ of execution on a judgment within five (5) years from the date it becomes final and executory
requiring the Sheriff or the duly deputized officer to execute or enforce their respective final decisions, orders, or
awards.

(b) The Secretary of Labor and Employment and the Chairman of the Commission may designate special
sheriffs and take any measure under existing laws to ensure compliances with their decisions, orders or
awards and those of the Labor Arbiters and voluntary arbitrators, including the imposition of administrative
fines, which shall not be less than five hundred (P500.00) pesos nor more than ten thousand (P10,000.00)
pesos.

(c) Alternatively, the Secretary of Labor and Employment, the Commission, any Labor Arbiter, the Regional
Director or the Director of the Bureau of Labor Relations in appropriate cases may deputize the Philippine
Constabulary or any law-enforcement agencies in the enforcement of final awards, orders or decision.

Rule XVI
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Penalties. Any person violating any of the provisions of Article 264 of the Code shall be punished by a
fine of not less than one thousand (P1,000.00) pesos nor more than ten thousand (P10,000.00) pesos and/or
imprisonment for not less than three months nor more than three years, or both such fine and imprisonment, at
the discretion of the court. Prosecution under this provision shall preclude prosecution for the same act under the
Revised Penal Code and vice versa.

Section 2. Frivolous or dilatory appeal. To discourage frivolous or dilatory appeals, the Office of the President,
the Secretary of Labor, the Bureau or the Commission shall impose reasonable penalties, including fines or
censures upon erring parties.

Section 3. Enforcement of decisions, orders and awards. To ensure compliance with decisions, orders and
awards, the Labor Arbiters or the Med-Arbiters may take any measure under existing laws, decrees, and general
orders, as may be necessary, including the imposition of administrative fines which shall not be less than P500
nor more than P10,000 against the erring parties.

Section 4. Person guilty of misbehavior. A person guilty of misbehavior in the presence of or so near the Office of
the President, the Secretary of Labor, the Chairman, or any member of the Commission, any Labor Arbiter, Med-
the President, the Secretary of Labor, the Chairman, or any member of the Commission, any Labor Arbiter, Med-
Arbiter, Conciliator, Regional Director, Director of the Bureau, as to obstruct or interrupt the proceedings before
the same, including disrespect toward said officials, offensive personalities toward others, or refusal to be sworn
or to answer as a witness or to subscribe an affidavit or deposition when lawfully required to do so may be
summarily adjudged in direct contempt by said officials and punished by fines not exceeding two hundred pesos
or imprisonment not exceeding ten (10) days or both, if it be the Commission or members thereof, the Secretary
of Labor, Office of the President, the Director of the Bureau or the Regional Director, or a fine not exceeding
P10.00 or imprisonment not exceeding one (1) day, or both, if it be a Labor Arbiter, Med-Arbiter or Conciliator.

The person adjudged in direct contempt by a Labor Arbiter or Med-Arbiter or Conciliator may appeal to the
Commission or to the Bureau, respectively, and the execution of the judgment shall be suspended pending the
resolution of the appeal upon the filing by such person of a bond on condition that he will abide by and perform
the judgment should the appeal be decided against him. Judgment of the Commission, Secretary of Labor, Office
of the President, Director of the Bureau and Regional Director on direct contempt is immediately executory and
inappealable.

Indirect contempt shall be dealt with by the Commission or Labor Arbiter, Med-Arbiter, Cociliator, Regional
Director, Director of the Bureau, Secretary of Labor and Office of the President in the manner prescribed under
Rule 71 of the Revised Rules of Court.

Section 5. Injunctions. No temporary injunction or restraining order in any case involving or growing out of a labor
dispute shall be issued by any court or other entity. On the other hand, the Office of the President, the Secretary
of Labor, the Commission, the Labor Arbiter or Med-Arbiter may enjoin any or all acts involving or arising from
any case pending before any of said offices or officials which if not restrained forthwith may cause grave or
irreparable damage to any of the parties to the case or seriously affect social or economic stability.

Section 6. Incidental motions will not be given due course. In all proceedings at all levels, motions for dismissal or
any other incidental motions shall not be given due course, but shall remain as part of the records for whatever
they may be worth when the case is decided on the merits.

Section 7. Compulsory arbitrator; when and who appoints. The Commission or any Labor Arbiter shall have the
power to seek the assistance of other government officials and qualified private citizens to act as compulsory
arbitrators on cases referred to them and to fix and assess the fees of such compulsory arbitrators.

The appointment of a compulsory arbitrator may be made under any of the following circumstances:

(a) Whenever a factual issue requires the assistance of an expert; and

(b) When dictated by geographical considerations and similar circumstances.

The procedures before the compulsory arbitrators shall be the same as those before the Labor Arbiters.

Section 8. Non-intervention of outsiders in labor disputes. No person other than the interested parties, their
counsels or representatives may intervene in labor disputes pending before the Regional Office, the Bureau,
Labor Arbiters, the compulsory or voluntary arbitrators, the Commission, the Secretary of Labor, and the Office of
the President. Any violation of this provision will subject the outsider to the administrative fines and penalties
provided for in the Code.

Section 9. Disclosure of donations, donors, and purposes. Legitimate labor organizations are required to make a
disclosure of donations, donors and their purposes in their annual financial reports to the Labor Relations Division
concerned, copy furnished the Bureau. Failure to make such disclosures shall be a ground for the cancellation of
the registration certificate of any labor organization and the imposition of administrative fines and penalties
provided for in the Code.

Section 10. Filing fees for complaints or petitions. No docket fee shall be assessed in labor standards disputes.

In all other disputes, an individual complainant shall pay a filing fee of P2.00. Where there are two or more
complaints, a filing fee of P5.00 shall be charged. In case of deadlock in negotiations, the minimum filing fee shall
be P25.00. The Bureau shall promulgate a schedule of fees for deadlocks in negotiations involving more than
P200,000, provided that in all cases involving bargaining deadlocks, the fee shall be shared equally by the
negotiating parties.

Section 11. Disposition of collected funds. The Secretary of Labor is hereby authorized to spend any amount
collected from the filing fees, appeal fees, registration fees of applicant unions, confiscated bonds, fines and other
monetary collections under the Code for the use of the Department of Labor and Employment and its Regional
Offices subject to usual accounting and auditing procedures.

Section 12. Appeal fee and bond. The interested party appealing any decision, order or award of the lower body
or agency shall pay a filing fee of twenty-five pesos (P25.00) with the body or agency of origin except deadlock in
negotiation cases where the minimum appeal fee shall be P50.00.

To stay the execution of the decision, order or award, the appealing party shall post an appeal bond to be
determined and approved by the Commission or Labor Arbiter, Med-Arbiter, Regional Director or Director of the
Bureau of origin, as the case may be.

Section 13. When complaint deemed filed. A complaint is deemed filed upon receipt thereof by the appropriate
Section 13. When complaint deemed filed. A complaint is deemed filed upon receipt thereof by the appropriate
agency which has jurisdiction over the subject matter and over the parties, and upon due payment of the required
filing fees.

Section 14. Check-off from non-members. Pursuant to Article 248 (e) of the Code, the employer shall check-off
from non-union members within a collective bargaining unit the same reasonable fee equivalent to the dues and
other fees normally paid by union members without the need for individual check-off authorizations.

Book Six
POST EMPLOYMENT

Title I
TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

Article 278. Coverage. The provisions of this Title shall apply to all establishments or undertakings, whether for
profit or not.

Article 279. Security of tenure. In case of regular employment, the employer shall not terminate the services of
an employee except for a just cause or when authorized by this Title. An employee who is unjustly dismissed from
work shall be entitled to reinstatement without loss of seniority rights and to his backwages computed from the
time his compensation was withheld from him up to the time of his reinstatement.

Article 280. Regular and casual employment. The provisions of written agreement to the contrary notwithstanding
and regardless of the oral agreements of the parties, an employment shall be deemed to be regular where the
employee has been engaged to perform activities which are usually necessary or desirable in the usual business
or trade of the employer except where the employment has been fixed for a specific project or undertaking, the
completion or termination of which has been determined at the time of the engagement of the employee or where
the work or service to be performed is seasonal in nature and the employment is for the duration of the season.

An employment shall be deemed to be casual if it is not covered by the preceding paragraph: Provided, That any
employee who has rendered at least one year of service, where the position no longer exists at the time of
reinstatement for reasons not attributable to the fault of the employer, the employee shall be entitled to separation
pay equivalent to at least one-month salary or to one-month salary for every year of service, whichever is higher,
a fraction of at least six months being considered as one whole year.

Section 5. Regular and casual employment. (a) The provisions of written agreements to the contrary
notwithstanding and regardless of the oral agreements of the parties, an employment shall be considered to be
regular employment for purposes of Book VI of the Labor Code where the employee has been engaged to
perform activities which are usually necessary or desirable in the usual business or trade of the employer except
where the employment has been fixed for a specific project or undertaking the completion or termination of which
has been determined at the time of the engagement of the employee or where the work or service to be
performed is seasonal in nature and the employment is for the duration of the season.
(b) Employment shall be deemed as casual in nature if it is not covered by the preceding paragraph;
Provided, That any employee who has rendered at least one year of service, whether such service is
continuous or not, shall be considered a regular employee with respect to the activity in which he is
employed and his employment shall continue while such activity exists.

(c) An employee who is allowed to work after a probationary period shall be considered a regular
employee.

Section 6. Probationary employment. (a) Where the work for which an employee has been engaged is learnable
or apprenticeable in accordance with the standards prescribed by the Department of Labor, the probationary
employment period of the employee shall be limited to the authorized learnership or apprenticeship period,
whichever is applicable.

(b) Where the work is neither learnable nor apprenticeable, the probationary employment period shall not
exceed six (6) months reckoned from the date the employee actually started working.

(c) The services of an employee who has been engaged on probationary basis may be terminated only for
a just cause or when authorized by existing laws, or when he fails to qualify as a regular employee in
accordance with reasonable standards prescribed by the employer.

(d) In all cases involving employees engaged on probationary basis, the employer shall make known to the
employee the standards under which he will qualify as a regular employee at the time of his engagement.

Section 7. Termination of employment by employer. The just causes for terminating the services of an employee
shall be those provided in Article 283 of the Code. The separation from work of an employee for a just cause does
not entitle him to the termination pay provided in the Code, without prejudice, however, to whatever rights,
benefits, and privileges he may have under the applicable individual or collective agreement with the employer or
voluntary employer policy or practice.

Section 8. Disease as a ground for dismissal. Where the employee suffers from a disease and his continued
employment is prohibited by law or prejudicial to his health or to the health of his co-employees, the employer
shall not terminate his employment unless there is a certification by competent public health authority that the
disease is of such nature of at such a stage that it cannot be cured within a period of six (6) months even with
proper medical treatment. If the disease or ailment can be cured within the period, the employee shall not
proper medical treatment. If the disease or ailment can be cured within the period, the employee shall not
terminate the employee but shall ask the employee to take a leave of absence. The employer shall reinstate such
employee to his former position immediately upon the restoration of his normal health.

Section 9. Termination pay. (a) An employee shall be entitled to termination pay equivalent to at least one
month's salary for every year of service a fraction of at least six (6) months being considered as one whole year,
in case of termination of his employment due to the installation of labor-saving devices or redundancy.

(b) Where the termination of employment is due to retrenchment to prevent losses and in case of closure or
cessation of operations of establishment or undertaking not due to serious business losses or financial
reverses, or where the employment is prohibited by law or is prejudicial to his health or to the health of his
co-employees, the employee shall be entitled to termination pay equivalent to at least one-half month's pay
for every year of service, a fraction of at least six months being considered as one whole year.

(c) The termination pay provided in the Section shall in no case be less than the employee's one month
pay.

Section 10. Basis of termination pay. The computation of the termination pay of an employee as provided herein
shall be based on his latest salary rate, unless the same was reduced by the employer to defeat the intention of
the Code, in which case the basis of computation shall be the rate before its deduction.

Section 11. Termination of employment by employee. The just causes for putting an end to the employer-
employee relationship by the employee shall be those provided in Article 286 of the Labor Code.

Section 12. Suspension of relationship. The employer-employee relationship shall be deemed suspended in case
of suspension of operation of the business or undertaking of the employer for a period not exceeding six (6)
months, unless the suspension is for the purpose of defeating the rights of the employees under the Code, and in
case of mandatory fulfillment by the employee of a military or civic duty. The payment of wages of the employee
as well as the grant of other benefits and privileges while he is on a military or civic duty shall be subject to special
laws and decrees and to the applicable individual or collective bargaining agreement and voluntary employer
practice or policy.

Section 13. Retirement. In the absence of any collective bargaining agreement or other applicable agreement
concerning terms and conditions of employment which provides for retirement at an older age, an employee may
be retired upon reaching the age of sixty (60) years.

Section 14. Retirement benefits. (a) An employee who is retired pursuant to a bona-fide retirement plan or in
accordance with the applicable individual or collective agreement or established employer policy shall be entitled
to all the retirement benefits provided therein or to termination pay equivalent to at least one-half month salary for
every year of service, whichever is higher, a fraction of at least six (6) months being considered as one whole
year.

(b) Where both the employer and the employee contribute to the retirement plan, agreement or policy, the
employer's total contribution thereto shall not be less than the total termination pay to which the employee
would have been entitled had there been no such retirement fund. In case the employer's contribution is
less than the termination pay the employee is entitled to receive, the employer shall pay the deficiency
upon the retirement of the employee.

(c) This Section shall apply where the employee retires at the age of sixty (60) years or older.

Book Seven
PRESCRIPTIONS, TRANSITORY AND FINAL PROVISIONS

Rule I
VENUE OF ACTIONS

Section 1. Money claims. All money claims and benefits arising from employer-employee relations, except claims
for social security benefits, medicare and workmen's compensation, shall be filed with the Labor Relations
Division of the regional office nearest the place where the cause of action accrued.

Section 2. Unfair labor practices. All complaints for unfair labor practices shall be filed with the Labor Relations
Division of the regional office nearest the place where the acts complained of were committed.

Section 3. Workmen's compensation claims. (a) Claims for workmen's compensation accruing prior to January 1,
1975 shall be filed with the appropriate regional offices of the Department of Labor and Employment in
accordance with the Rules of the Workmen's Compensation Commission;

(b) Claims for workmen's compensation arising or after January 1, 1975 shall be filed with the Social
Security System for employees in the private sector and with the Government Service Insurance System for
employees of the government, as the case may be, in accordance with such rules and regulations as the
case may be, as may be laid down by the Employees Compensation Commission.

Rule II
PRESCRIPTION OF ACTIONS

Section 1. Money claims. All money claims and benefits arising from employer-employer relations shall be filed
Section 1. Money claims. All money claims and benefits arising from employer-employer relations shall be filed
within three (3) years from the time the cause of action accrued; otherwise, they shall be forever barred.

Section 2. Unfair labor practices. The complaints involving unfair labor practices shall be filed within one (1) year
from the time the acts complained of were committed; otherwise, they shall be forever barred.

Section 3. Workmen's compensation claims. Subject to the exceptions provided under the Code, all claim for
workmen's compensation shall be filed within one (1) year from the occurrence of injury or death; otherwise they
shall be forever barred.

Section 4. Claims accruing prior to effectivity of the Code. (a) All money claims and benefits arising from the
employer-employee relations which accrued prior to the effectivity of the Code shall be filed within one (1) year
from the date of the effectivity of the Code; otherwise, they shall be forever barred.

(b) All worker's compensation claims accruing prior to January 1, 1975 shall be filed not later than March
31, 1975, otherwise, they shall be forever barred.

Section 5. Prescription of action on union funds. Any action involving the funds of the organization shall prescribe
after three years from the date of submission of the annual financial report to the Department of Labor and
Employment or from the date the same should have been submitted as required by law, whichever comes earlier.

Rule III
LAWS REPEALED

Section 1. Law repealed. Pursuant to the repealing clause of Article 303 of the Code, the following labor laws are
deemed repealed by the Code:

(a) Act No. 1874, or the Employer's Liability Act.

(b) Act No. 2473.

(c) Act No. 2486, as amended, or the Recruitment for Overseas Employment Act.

(d) Act No. 2549.

(e) Act No. 3957, as amended, or the Private Employment Agency Act.

(f) Act No. 3428, as amended, or the Workmen's Compensation Act.

(g) Act No. 3959, or the Contractor's Bond Act.

(h) Commonwealth Act No. 103, as amended, or the Court of Industrial Relations Act.

(i) Commonwealth Act No. 104, as amended, or the Industrial Safety Act.

(j) Commonwealth Act No. 213.

(k) Commonwealth Act No. 303.

(l) Commonwealth Act No. 444, as amended, or the Eight Hour Labor Law.

(m) Republic Act No. 602, as amended, or the Minimum Wage Law, except Sections 3 and 7 thereof.

(n) Republic Act No. 679, as amended, or the Woman and Child Labor Law.

(o) Republic Act No. 761, as amended, or the National Employment Service Law.

(p) Republic Act No. 875, as amended, or the Industrial Peace Act.

(q) Republic Act No. 946, as amended, or the Blue Sunday Law.

(r) Republic Act No. 1052, as amended, or the Termination Pay Law.

(s) Republic Act No. 1054 or the Emergency Medical and Dental Treatment Law.

(t) Republic Act No. 1826, as amended, or the National Apprenticeship Act.

(u) Republic Act No. 2646.

(v) Republic Act No. 2714.

(w) Republic Act No. 5462, or the Manpower and Out-of-School Youth Development Act.

(x) Reorganization Plan No. 20-A.

All rules and regulations, policy instructions, orders and issuances implementing Presidential Decree No. 442 as
amended, contrary to or inconsistent with these rules are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
amended, contrary to or inconsistent with these rules are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

All other laws involving employer-employee relations, including the Sugar Act of 1952 (R.A. 809), are deemed not
repealed.

Rule IV
DATE OF EFFECTIVITY
Section 1. Effectivity of these rules and regulations. (a) The provisions of these rules and regulations which were
promulgated on January 19, 1975, shall continue to be in effect as of February 3, 1975, except the following:

1. Those relating to self-executing provisions of the Labor Code which become effective on November 1,
1974; and

2. Those implementing the pertinent provisions of Presidential Decree No. 850 further amending the Labor
Code and incorporated as part of these rules and regulations, which shall take effect on March 2, 1976,
unless they pertain to self-executing provisions of Presidential Decree No. 850, which took effect on
December 16, 1975.

(b) Republic Act No. 6715 took effect on March 21, 1989, fifteen (15) days after the completion of its
publication in two (2) newspapers of general circulation. The Rules implementing this Act shall take
effect fifteen (15) days after the completion of their publication in two (2) newspapers of general
circulation, except those which pertain to self-executing provisions of said Act.

Done in the City of Manila, this 27th day of May, 1989.

The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation

**RULES ON EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION

Statement of Authority

By virtue of the powers vested upon the Employees Compensation Commission under the Labor Code of the
Philippines, the following rules are hereby adopted to implement the provisions of Title II, Book IV of the Code.

Rule I
COVERAGE

Section 1. Nature. Coverage shall be compulsory.

Section 2. Scope. (a) Every employer shall be covered.

(b) Every employee not over 60 years of age shall be covered.

(c) An employee over 60 years of age shall be covered if he had been paying contributions to the System
prior to age 60 and has not been compulsorily retired.

(d) An employee who is coverable by both the GSIS and SSS shall be compulsorily covered by both
Systems.

Section 3. Employer. (a) The term shall mean any person, natural or juridical, domestic or foreign, who carries on
in the Philippines any trade, business, industry, undertaking or activity of any kind and uses the services of
another person who is under his orders as regards the employment.

(b) An employer shall belong to either:

(1) The public sector covered by the GSIS, comprising the National Government, including
government-owned or controlled corporations, the Philippine Tuberculosis Society, the Philippine
National Red Cross and the Philippine Veterans Bank; or

(2) The private sector covered by the SSS, comprising all employers other than those defined in the
immediately preceding paragraph.

Section 4. Employee. (a) The term shall mean any person who performs services for an employer as defined in
Section 3 hereof.

(b) An employee shall belong to either:

(1) The public sector comprising the employed workers who are covered by the GSIS, including the
members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, elective officials who are receiving regular salary,
and any person employed as casual, emergency, temporary, substitute or contractual.

(2) The private sector comprising the employed workers who are covered by the SSS.
Section 5. Foreign employment. (a) Filipinos working abroad in the service of an employer as defined in Section
3 hereof shall be covered by the System, and entitled to the same benefits as are provided for employees working
in the Philippines.

(b) Medical services, including appliances and supplies for Filipinos employed abroad rendered or provided
in such place of employment, shall be paid in accordance with, and subject to the limitations fixed in these
Rules; provided that the Rules on Accreditation shall not apply in these cases.

(c) The notice requirement under these Rules shall not be strictly applied.

(d) Medical certifications of physicians, and statement of accounts of hospitals, when duly authenticated,
are acceptable as basis for payment, provided that the standards and rates payable by the System shall be
those provided for under these Rules.

Section 6. Effectivity. (a) Coverage of employers shall take effect on the first day of operation but not earlier than
January 1, 1975.

(b) Coverage of employees shall take effect on the first day of employment.

Rule II
REGISTRATION

Section 1. Requirement. (a) Every employer shall register with the System by accomplishing the prescribed
forms.

(b) Every employee shall be registered with the System through his employer by accomplishing the prescribed
forms.

Section 2. GSIS. The following guidelines shall apply to the public sector:

(1) Every employer operating before January 1, 1975 shall register not later than March 31, 1975;

(2) Every employer operating on or after January 1, 1975 shall register within one month from the first day
of operation; and

(3) Every employee shall be registered through his employer within one month from the date of
employment.

Section 3. SSS. (a) The following guidelines shall apply to the private sector:

(1) Every employer already registered need not register again, for he is automatically registered:

(2) Every employer not yet registered shall register not later than the first day of operation; lawphi1.net

(3) Every employee already registered need not register again, for they are automatically registered;

(4) Every employee not yet registered shall register not later than the date of employment; and

(5) Only one registration is needed for SSS, Medicare and Employees' Compensation.

(b) In case the employee has not yet been registered, he shall be reported by his employer according to
the following guidelines:

(1) Every employee already reported need not be reported again, for he is automatically reported;

(2) Every newly-hired employee shall be reported by his employer not later than 30 days from the
date of employment; and

(3) Every employee shall be deemed as having been duly reported for coverage if the System has
received a report or written communication about him from his employer or an EC contribution paid in
his name by his employer, before a compensable contingency occurs.

Section 4. Penalty. Any violation under this Rule shall be penalized as follows:

(1) In case of failure or refusal to register employees, the employer or responsible official who committed
the violation shall be punished with a fine of not less than P1,000 nor more than P10,000 and/or
imprisonment for the duration of the violation or noncompliance or until such time that rectification of the
violation has been made, at the discretion of the Court.

(2) In case a compensable contingency occurs after 30 days from employment and before the System
receives any report for coverage about the employee or EC contribution on his behalf, his employer shall
be liable to the System for the lump sum equivalent to the benefits to which he or his dependents may be
entitled.

Rule III
COMPENSABILITY
 COMPENSABILITY

Section 1. Grounds. (a) For the injury and the resulting disability or death to be compensable, the injury must be
the result of an accident satisfying all of the following conditions:

(1) The employee must have been injured at the place where his work requires him to be;

(2) The employee must have been performing his official functions; and

(3) If the injury is sustained elsewhere, the employee must have been executing an order for the
employer.

(b) For the sickness and the resulting disability or death to be compensable, the sickness must be the result
of an occupational disease listed under Annex "A" of these Rules with the conditions set therein satisfied;
otherwise, the employee must prove that the risk of contracting the disease is increased by the working
conditions.

(c) Only injury or sickness that occurred on or after January 1, 1975 and the resulting disability or death
shall be compensable under these Rules.

Section 2. Occupational diseases. (a) The diseases listed in Annex "A" of these Rules are occupational when the
nature of employment is as described therein.

(b) The employer shall require pre-employment examination of all prospective employees; provide periodic
medical examination to employees who are exposed to occupational diseases; and take such other
measures as may be necessary.

(c) The periodic medical examination for the early detection of occupational diseases shall be in
accordance with the minimum standards prescribed in Annex "B" hereof.

Section 3. Authority of the Commission. The Commission is hereby authorized to determine and approve
additional occupational diseases and work-related illnesses with specific criteria based on peculiar hazards of
employment.

Rule IV
LIABILITY

Section 1. Limitation. No compensation shall be allowed to the employee or his dependents when the injury,
sickness, disability or death was occasioned by any of the following:

(1) His intoxication; lawphi1.net

(2) His willful intention to injure or kill himself or another; or

(3) His notorious negligence.

Section 2. Exclusiveness. (a) Whenever other laws provide similar benefits for the same contingency covered by
these Rules, the employee who qualifies for the benefits shall have the option to choose under which law benefits
will be paid to him. However, if the benefits provided by the law chosen are less than the benefits provided under
these Rules, Employees Compensation shall pay only the difference in benefits.

(b) The employee shall not be qualified to avail himself at the same time of similar benefits provided by
different laws, except the difference in benefits mentioned in the preceding paragraph. However, his
employer may continue to grant benefits already earned by the employees under any collective bargaining
agreement or any other arrangement.

Section 3. Third parties. When the disability or death is caused by circumstances creating a legal liability against
a third party, the disabled employee or the dependents in case of his death shall be paid benefit from the System
under these Rules. In case benefit is claimed and allowed under these Rules, the System shall be subrogated to
the rights of the disabled employee or the dependents in case of his death in accordance with existing laws.

Section 4. Unauthorized changes. The System shall not be liable for compensation for unauthorized changes in
medical services, appliances, supplies, hospitals, rehabilitation services or physicians. Should there be any
reason for such changes, the employee or his dependents shall notify the System and secure its prior consent
before the change may be effected.

Section 5. Medical reports (a) An employee enjoying temporary total disability benefit shall submit to the System
a monthly medical report on his disability certified by his attending physician, otherwise his benefit shall be
suspended until such time that he complies with this requirement.

(b) An employee enjoying permanent disability benefit where the disability resulted from a disease shall
submit to the System a quarterly medical report on his disability certified by his physician, otherwise his
benefit shall be suspended until such time that he complies with this requirement.

Rule V
EMPLOYER'S CONTRIBUTION
 EMPLOYER'S CONTRIBUTION

Section 1. Rate and amount. Subject to the following conditions, contributions under these Rules shall be paid in
their entirety by the employer and any contract or device for the deduction of any portion thereof from the wages
or salary of the employees shall be null and void:

(1) For a covered employee in the public sector, his employer shall remit to the GSIS a monthly contribution
equivalent to one per cent of the actual wages or salary received by him as of the last day of the month but
not to exceed P10.00 per employee.

(2) For a covered employee in the private sector, his employer shall remit to the SSS a monthly contribution
equivalent to one percent of his monthly salary credit as of the last day of the month, in accordance with the
following schedule:

Salary Ranges of Wage or Employer's

Monthly Salary Credit
Bracket Salary Contribution
I P1 - P49.99 P 25 P 0.25

II 50 - 99.99 75 0.75

III 100 - 149.99 125 1.25

IV 150 - 199.99 175 1.75

V 200 - 249.99 225 2.25

VI 250 - 349.99 300 3.00

VII 350 - 499.99 425 4.25

VIII 500 - 699.99 600 6.00

IX 700 - 899.99 800 8.00

X 900 - over 1,000 10.00

(3) When a covered employee dies during employment, or is separated from employment, his employer's
obligation to pay the monthly contribution arising from that employment shall cease on the last day of the
month of contingency.

(4) When a covered employee becomes disabled during employment, his employer's obligation to pay the
monthly contribution arising from that employment shall be suspended during such months that he is not
receiving salary or wages.

(5) No refund or contribution shall be allowed under these Rules.

Section 2. Remittance. Contributions shall start in January, 1975 and every month thereafter for as long as the
employee has earnings. The initial contribution for the month of January 1975 shall be remitted by the employer
to the System in February 1975, unless some other arrangement has been agreed by the System and the
employer.

Section 3. Penalty. Any violation of the provisions on contribution under these Rules shall be penalized as
follows:

(1) Any employer who is delinquent in his contributions shall be liable to the System for the benefits which
may have been paid to his employees or their dependents, and any benefit and expenses to which such
employer is liable shall constitute a preferred lien on all his property, real or personal, over any credit
except taxes;

(2) The payment by the employer of the lump sum equivalent of such liability shall absolve him from the
payment of the delinquent contributions due and payable during the calendar year of the contingency and
penalty thereon with respect to the employee concerned, but said employer shall be subject to criminal
liability;

(3) In case of such delinquency, the employer or responsible official who committed the violation shall be
punished with a fine of not less than P1,000 nor more than P10,000 and/or imprisonment for the duration of
the violation or non-compliance or until such time that a rectification of the violation has been made, at the
Court's discretion;lawphi1.net

(4) If any contribution is not paid to the SSS as prescribed under these Rules, the employer shall pay
besides the contribution a penalty thereon of 3 percent a month from the date the contribution falls due until
paid.

Note: Under ECC Resolution No. 1243 dated Jan. 18, 1979, the System shall pay the employee or his
dependents all benefits due them under PD 626, as amended, without prejudice on its part to proceed against the
erring employer.

Rule VI
DEFINITIONS RELATED TO CREDITED EARNINGS

Section 1. Quarter. A period of three consecutive calendar months ending on the last day of March, June,
September and December.

Section 2. Semester. A period of two consecutive quarters ending in the quarter of contingency.

Section 3. Monthly salary credit. The wage base for contributions or the actual salary, as provided in Section 1 of
Rule V here. If earnings are derived from more than one employment, it shall be determined on the basis of the
aggregate earnings from all employments, but not exceeding P1,000 in the case of SSS and P3,000 in the case of
GSIS.

Section 4. Wages or salary. Insofar as they refer to the computation of benefits, means the monthly
renumeration as defined in Republic Act No. 1161, as amended for SSS and Presidential Decree No. 1146 as
amended, for GSIS, respectively, except that part in excess of Three Thousand Pesos.

Section 5. Average monthly salary credit. (a) In the case of the SSS, it is the result obtained by dividing the sum
of the monthly salary credits in the 60-month period immediately preceding the semester of death or permanent
disability, injury or sickness by the number of months of coverage in the same period, except for the following
cases:

(1) Where death or permanent disability falls within 18 months from the month of coverage, it is the
result obtained by dividing the sum of all monthly salary credits by the number of calendar months of
coverage in the same period; and

(2) Where death or permanent disability falls within the month of coverage, it is the actual salary
received during the calendar month or its corresponding monthly salary credit.

(b) The day of injury or sickness which caused the disability shall be used as the reckoning date for the
purpose of computing the average monthly salary credit.

(c) In the case of the GSIS, the average monthly salary credit is the quotient after dividing the aggregate
compensations received by the member or employee for the last three years immediately preceding his
death, permanent disability, injury or sickness, by the number of months he received said compensation, or
three thousand pesos, whichever is smaller.

Section 6. Average daily salary credit. (a) In the case of the SSS, it is the result obtained by dividing the sum of
the 6 highest monthly salary credits in the 12-month period immediately preceding the semester of sickness by
180, except for the following cases:

(1) Where the injury falls within 12 calendar months from the month of coverage, it is the result
obtained by dividing the sum of all monthly salary credits by 30 and by the number of months of
coverage, excluding the month of injury; and

(2) Where the injury falls within the months of coverage, it is the actual salary received during the
calendar month or its corresponding monthly salary credit divided by 30.

(b) In the case of the GSIS the average daily salary credit shall be determined as follows:

(1) If the salary or wage is based on an hourly rate, it is the hourly rate times the number of hours
required to work during the month of contingency divided by 22.

(2) If the salary or wage is based on a daily rate, it is the daily rate times the number of days required
to work per month divided by 22.

(3) If the salary or wage is based on a monthly rate, it is the monthly rate divided by 22.

(4) If the employee has worked for less than one month, his daily salary credit is the actual daily
wage or salary divided by the actual number of days worked during the month of contingency.

Section 7. Replacement ratio. In the case of the SSS, it is the sum of twenty percent and the quotient obtained by
dividing three hundred by the sum of three hundred forty and the average monthly salary credit.

Section 8. Credited years of service. For a member covered prior to January, 1975, nineteen hundred seventy-
five minus the calendar year of coverage, plus the number of calendar years in which six or more contributions
have been paid from January 1975 up to the calendar year containing the semester prior to the contingency. For
a member covered in or after January 1975, the number of calendar years in which six or more contributions
have been paid from the year of coverage up to the calendar year containing the semester prior to the
contingency.

Section 9. Monthly income benefit. (a) In the case of the SSS, it is the amount equivalent to one hundred fifteen
percent of the sum of average monthly salary credit multiplied by the replacement ratio and one and a half
percent of the average monthly salary credit for each credited year of service in excess of ten years: Provided,
percent of the average monthly salary credit for each credited year of service in excess of ten years: Provided,
that the monthly pension of surviving pensioners shall be increased automatically and simultaneously to the
extent that the 15 per cent difference in monthly income benefit between EC and SSS and the 20 per cent
difference in monthly income benefit between EC and GSIS, be maintained.

(b) In the case of the GSIS, the monthly income benefit shall be the basic monthly pension as defined in PD
1146 plus twenty percent thereof, but shall not be less than P250, nor more than the actual salary at the
time of contingency, (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).

Rule VII
BENEFITS

Section 1. Types of benefits. The benefits under Employees' Compensation are in the form of income or
services, and consist of the following:

(1) Medical services, appliances and supplies;

(2) Rehabilitation services;

(3) Temporary total disability;

(4) Permanent total disability;

(5) Permanent partial disability; and

(6) Death.

Section 2. Disability. (a) A total disability is temporary if as a result of the injury or sickness the employee is
unable to perform any gainful occupation for a continuous period not exceeding 120 days except as otherwise
provided for in Rule X of these Rules.

(b) A disability is total and permanent if as a result of the injury or sickness the employee is unable to
perform any gainful occupation for a continuous period exceeding 120 days, except as otherwise provided
for in Rule X of these Rules.

(c) A disability is partial and permanent if as a result of the injury or sickness the employee suffers a
permanent partial loss of the use of any part of his body.

Section 3. Income benefit. The disability or death resulting from the injury or sickness is compensable by cash
payments, and not the injury or sickness itself, except in the case of permanent partial disability.

Section 3-A. Income benefit for permanent partial disability. In the case where the period covered for payment of
income benefit for permanent partial disability does not exceed twelve months, the System may pay in lump sum;
otherwise income benefit shall be paid in monthly pension.

Section 4. Services. The injury or sickness is compensable by medical services, appliances, supplies, and
rehabilitation services.

Section 5. Deprivation. No contract, regulation or device whatsoever shall operate to deprive the employee or his
dependents of any part of the income benefits, and medical or related services, except as provided under these
Rules. Existing medical services being provided by the employer shall be maintained and continued to be enjoyed
by his employees.

Section 6. Prescriptive period. No claim for compensation shall be given due course unless said claim is filed with
the System within three years from the time the cause of action accrued. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25,
1984).

Rule VIII
MEDICAL SERVICES, APPLIANCES AND SUPPLIES

Section 1. Condition to entitlement. Any employee shall be entitled to such medical services, appliances and
supplies as the nature of his disability and the progress of his recovery may require, subject to the expense
limitation as contained in Annex "C" hereof, if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

(1) He has been duly reported to the System;

(2) He sustains an injury or contracts sickness; and

(3) The System has been duly notified of the injury or sickness.

Section 2. Period of entitlement. The medical services, appliances and supplies shall be provided to the afflicted
employee beginning with the first day of injury or sickness, during the subsequent period of his disability, and as
the progress of his recovery may require, subject to Section 5 of Rule IV.

Section 3. Extent of services. (a) The employee is entitled to the benefits only for the ward services of an
accredited hospital and accredited physician. However, if the employee chooses accommodations better than
accredited hospital and accredited physician. However, if the employee chooses accommodations better than
ward services, the excess of the total amount of expenses incurred over the benefits provided under Annex "C"
hereof, shall be borne by the employee. For this purpose, "ward" means a hospital room that can accommodate 6
or more patients.

(b) The hospital shall provide all the medicines, drugs or supplies necessary for the treatment of the
employee at a cost not exceeding the retail prices prevailing in local drug stores.

(c) Payments shall be made directly to the providers of such services in such amount as are prevailing in
the community for similar services or provided under the schedule set forth in Annex "C" of these Rules,
whichever is less.

Rule IX
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Section 1. Definition of terms. As used in this Rule unless otherwise indicated by the context, the following
definition of terms are hereby adopted.

(a) Rehabilitation. The process by which there is provided a balanced program of remedial treatment,
vocational assessment and preparation designed to meet the individual needs of each handicapped
employee to restore him to suitable employment, including assistance as may be within its resources to
help each rehabilitee to develop his mental, vocational or social potential.

(b) Rehabilitee. A disabled individual undergoing rehabilitation (student-rehabilitee or trainee) or who has
finished a prescribed course in rehabilitation in which he is known as a graduate-rehabilitee or trainee.

(c) Rehabilitation Center. An organized service of varied rehabilitation measures usually located in one site
for the rehabilitation of disabled individuals. (Example: the WRCC the Center).

(d) Rehabilitation Facility. An organized service offering one or more types of service for the rehabilitation of
the handicapped individual.

(e) Governing Board. For this purpose, the Workers Rehabilitation Center Complex shall receive policy
guidance from and shall be under the general management of, the Employees Compensation Commission,
which is hereby constituted as its Governing Board.

Whenever necessary, the Governing Board may create an Advisory Council that shall act as a Consultative
and Advisory Body, to be composed of representatives from the National Commission on Rehabilitation, the
Department of Health, the Institute of Public Health of the University of the Philippines, and such other
specialized associations and organizations on rehabilitation as may be needed.

(f) Placement Officer. A person practising the allied medical profession or discipline specialized in
psychology of the handicapped and whose responsibility is to personally advise and guide the disabled
individual to acceptance into a job.

(g) Suitable Employment. Remunerative occupation giving the rehabilitee earning at least equal to the
statutory minimum wage.

Section 2. Nature and effectivity of coverage. (a) Coverage under this Rule shall be voluntary.

(b) Coverage under this Rule shall take effect upon completion of registration.

Section 3. Condition to entitlement. Any employee shall be entitled to rehabilitation services, if all of the following
conditions are satisfied;

(1) He has been reported to the System;

(2) He sustains a permanent disability as a result of a compensable injury or sickness as defined in these
Rules;

(3) He has not been placed in suitable employment.

Section 4. Period of entitlement. Rehabilitation services shall be provided during the period of the disability unless
such services are suspended or terminated under any of the following conditions:

(1) Upon suitable employment;

(2) Upon suspension or termination of such services by the Rehabilitation Center;

(3) By self-termination.

Section 5. Extent of services. Rehabilitation services shall consist of medical-surgical management,

hospitalization, necessary appliances and supplies, vocational training and assistance for placement.
(Transportation allowance between place of residence and the rehabilitation facility, lunch, and dormitory
allowance in appropriate cases may be included in the extent of services).

Section 6. Rehabilitation Centers. There shall be established a Workers Rehabilitation Center Complex, and such
Section 6. Rehabilitation Centers. There shall be established a Workers Rehabilitation Center Complex, and such
other rehabilitation centers or services as the needs of occupationally disabled employees, whether from private
or public sector, may require.

Section 7. Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities. Hospitals accredited under Rule XVII of these Rules;
rehabilitation facilities, vocational and training centers and their personnel participating in the work of rehabilitation
accredited by the Philippine Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine (PARM) may apply for accreditation.

Section 8. Liability limitations. The System shall not be legally responsible when the injury, sickness, disability or
death during the rehabilitation is occasioned by any of the following:

(1) His intoxication; lawphi1.net

(2) His willful intention to injure or kill himself or another;

(3) His notorious negligence.

Section 9. Suspension, termination and appeal. (a) Grounds For adequate and duly proven causes and upon
recommendation of the rehabilitation counselor, the student-rehabilitee may be suspended or terminated by the
Center.

(b) Appeal. The decision of the Center may be appealed within 15 days from notice thereof to the
Governing Board whose decision shall be final and executory.

Section 10. Placement. Arrangement for placement of the rehabilitee shall be an integral part of the rehabilitation
program.

Section 11. Participation of the System. As incentive to the participating employers in the on-the-job training and
possible employment of the rehabilitee, the System may enter into agreement with the employer to participate in
the payment of wages of the placed rehabilitee as follows:

(1) 50% of the wages for the first two weeks after the start of the on-the-job training;

(2) 25% of the wages for the third and fourth weeks of the on-the-job training;

(3) 10% of the wages for the fifth and sixth weeks of the on-the-job training;

(4) 0% of the wages for the rest of the period of the on-the-job training;

Section 12. Reports. Reports to the Governing Board on the progress of activities of rehabilitation program shall
be submitted by the Center once every 3 months or as often as necessary.

Rule X
TEMPORARY TOTAL DISABILITY

Section 1. Condition to entitlement. An employee shall be entitled to an income benefit for temporary total
disability if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

(1) He has been duly reported to the System;

(2) He sustains the temporary total disability as a result of the injury or sickness; and

(3) The System has been duly notified of the injury or sickness which caused his disability.

His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such illness or injury occurred before the employee is duly reported
for coverage to the System.

Section 2. Period of entitlement. (a) The income benefit shall be paid beginning on the first day of such disability.
If caused by an injury or sickness it shall not be paid longer than 120 consecutive days except where such injury
or sickness still requires medical attendance beyond 120 days but not to exceed 240 days from onset of disability
in which case benefit for temporary total disability shall be paid. However, the System may declare the total and
permanent status at any time after 120 days of continuous temporary total disability as may be warranted by the
degree of actual loss or impairment of physical or mental functions as determined by the System.

(b) After an employee has fully recovered from an illness as duly certified to by the attending physician, the
period covered by any relapse he suffers, or recurrence of his illness, which results in disability and is
determined to be compensable, shall be considered independent of, and separate from, the period covered
by the original disability in the computation of his income benefit for temporary total disability.

Rule XI
PERMANENT TOTAL DISABILITY

Section 1. Condition to entitlement. (a) An employee shall be entitled to an income benefit for permanent total
disability if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

(1) He has been duly reported to the System;

 (1) He has been duly reported to the System;

(2) He sustains the permanent total disability as a result of the injury or sickness; and

(3) The System has been duly notified of the injury or sickness which caused his disability.

His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such injury or sickness occurred before the employee is
duly reported for coverage to the System.

(b) The following total disabilities shall be considered permanent:

(1) Temporary total disability lasting continuously for more than 120 days, except as otherwise
provided for in Rule X hereof;

(2) Complete loss of sight of both eyes;

(3) Loss of two limbs at or above the ankle or wrist;

(4) Permanent complete paralysis of two limbs;

(5) Brain injury resulting in incurable imbecility or insanity; and

(6) Such cases as determined by the System and approved by the Commission.

Section 2. Period of entitlement. (a) The full monthly income benefit shall be paid for all compensable months of
disability.

(b) After the benefit under Employees' Compensation shall have ceased as provided under the preceding
paragraph, and if the employee is otherwise qualified for benefit for the same disability under another law
administered by the System, he shall be paid a benefit in accordance with the provisions of that law. This
paragraph applies to contingencies which occurred prior to May 1, 1978.

(c) Except as otherwise provided for in other laws, decrees, orders or letters of instructions, the monthly
income benefit shall be guaranteed for 5 years and shall be suspended under any of the following
conditions:

(1) Failure to present himself for examination at least once a year upon notice by the System;

(2) Failure to submit a quarterly medical report certified by his attending physician as required under
Sec. 5 of Rule IV hereof;

(3) Complete or full recovery from his permanent total disability; or

(4) Upon being gainfully employed.

Section 3. Amount of benefit. (a) In the case of the SSS, any employee entitled to permanent total disability
benefit shall be paid by the System a monthly income benefit as defined in Sec. 8. (a), Rule VI of these Rules.

(b) The number of months of paid coverage shall be the number of monthly contributions remitted to the
System including contributions other than for Employees' Compensation if paid before March 31, 1975. The
full monthly income benefit shall be paid for all compensable month of disability.

(c) The first day preceding the semester of temporary total disability shall be considered for purposes of
computing the monthly income benefit for permanent total disability.

Section 4. Amount of benefit for dependent children. (a) Each dependent child, but not exceeding five, counted
from the youngest and without substitution, shall be entitled to 10 percent of the monthly income benefit of the
employee. These Rules shall not apply to causes of action which accrued before May 1, 1978.

Section 5. Entitlement to the new income benefit under PD 1641. (a) The new amount of the monthly income
benefit computed under these amended Rules shall be applicable to all contingencies occurring on or after
January 1, 1980. However, for contingencies which occurred before May 1, 1979, the limitation of P12,000 or 5
years, whichever comes first shall be enforced.

In the case of the SSS, the present monthly income benefit of current pensioners shall be increased by 20
percent effective January 1, 1980.

In the case of the GSIS, the monthly income benefits shall be adjusted and recomputed to reflect the 20 percent
increase over the benefit under PD 1146 effective January 1, 1980.

Section 6. Aggregate monthly benefit payable. Except the benefit to dependent children under Section 4 of this
Rule, the aggregate monthly benefit payable, in the case of the GSIS, shall in no case exceed the monthly wage
or salary actually received by the employee as of the date of his permanent total disability. (ECC Resolution No.
2819, August 9, 1984).

Rule XII
PERMANENT PARTIAL DISABILITY
 PERMANENT PARTIAL DISABILITY

Section 1. Condition to entitlement. (a) An employee shall be entitled to an income benefit for permanent partial
disability if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

(1) He has been duly reported to the System;

(2) He sustains the permanent partial disability as a result of the injury or sickness; and

(3) The System has been duly notified of the injury or sickness which caused his disability.

His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such injury or sickness occurred before the employee is duly
reported for coverage to the System.

(b) For purposes of entitlement to income benefit for permanent partial disability, a covered employee shall
continue to receive the benefits provided thereunder even if he is gainfully employed and receiving his
wages or salary.

Section 2. Period of entitlement. (a) The income benefit shall be paid beginning with the first month of such
disability, but not longer than the designated number of months in the following schedule:

Complete and permanent loss of the No. of

use of: months

One thumb 10

One index finger 8

One middle finger 6

One ring finger 5

One little finger 3

One big toe 6

Any toe 3

One hand 39
One arm 50

One foot 31

One leg 46
One ear 10

Both ears 20

Hearing of one ear 10

Hearing of both ears 50

Sight of one eye 25

(b) A loss of a wrist shall be considered a loss of the hand, and a loss of an elbow shall be considered a loss of
the arm; a loss of an ankle shall be considered a loss of the foot, and a loss of a knee shall be considered a loss
of the leg; a loss of more than one joint shall be considered a loss of the whole finger or toe; and a loss of only the
first joint shall be considered a loss of one-half of the whole finger or toe. Other permanent partial disabilities shall
be determined by the Medical Officer of the System.

(c) The degree of permanent disability shall be equivalent to the ratio that the designated number of months of
compensability bears to 75.

Section 3. Amount of benefit. (a) Any employee entitled to permanent partial disability benefit shall be paid by the
System a monthly income benefit for the number of months indicated in Section 2 hereof. If the indicated number
of months indicated in Section 2 hereof exceeds twelve, the income benefit shall be paid in monthly pension;
otherwise, the System may pay income benefit in lump sum or in monthly pension.

(b) In case of permanent partial disability less than the total loss of the member, the same monthly income
shall be paid for a portion of the period established for the total loss of the member in accordance with the
proportion that the partial loss bears to the total loss. If the result is a decimal fraction, the same shall be
rounded off to the next higher integer.

(c) In case of simultaneous loss of more than one member or a part thereof, the same monthly income
shall be paid for a period equivalent to the sum of the periods established for the loss of the member or
part thereof but not exceeding 75. If the result is a decimal fraction, the same shall be rounded off to the
 part thereof but not exceeding 75. If the result is a decimal fraction, the same shall be rounded off to the
higher integer.

d) The new amount of the monthly income benefit computed under these amended Rules shall be
applicable to all contingencies occurring on or after January 1, 1980. However, for contingencies which
occurred before May 1, 1978, the limitation of P12,000 or 5 years, whichever comes first, shall be enforced.

In the case of the SSS, the present monthly income benefit of current pensioners shall be increased by 20
percent effective January 1, 1980.

In the case of the GSIS, the monthly income benefit of current pensioners shall be adjusted and recomputed to
reflect the 20 percent increase over the benefit under PD 1146 effective January 1, 1980.

Section 4. Unlisted injuries and illnesses. In case of injuries or illnesses not listed in the schedule under Section 2
hereof, the benefit shall be an income benefit equivalent to the percentage of the permanent loss of the capacity
for work. (Non-Scheduled Disabilities).

Rule XIII
DEATH

Section 1. Condition to entitlement. (a) The beneficiaries of a deceased employee shall be entitled to an income
benefit if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

(1) The employee had been duly reported to the System;

(2) He died as a result of an injury or sickness; and

(3) The System has been duly notified of his death, as well as the injury or sickness which caused his
death.

His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such death occurred before the employee is duly reported for
coverage to the System.

(b) If the employee has been receiving monthly income benefit for permanent total disability at the time of his
death, the surviving spouse must show that the marriage has been validly subsisting at the time of his disability.

Section 2. Period of entitlement. For primary beneficiaries. (a) The income benefit shall be paid beginning at the
month of death and shall continue to be paid for as long as the beneficiaries are entitled thereto.

(b) The monthly income benefit shall be guaranteed for five years which in no case shall be less than fifteen
thousand pesos (P15,000.00). Thereafter, the beneficiaries shall be paid the monthly income benefit for as
long as they are entitled thereto. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).

For secondary beneficiaries: (a) The income benefit shall be sixty (60) times the monthly income benefit of a
primary beneficiary which in no case be less than P15,000.00, which shall likewise be paid in monthly pension.
(ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).

Section 3. Amount of benefit. (a) In the case of primary beneficiaries, the monthly income benefit shall be
equivalent to the monthly income benefit for permanent total disability, which shall be guaranteed for five years,
increased by ten percent for each dependent child but not exceeding 5, beginning with the youngest and without
substitution: provided that, the aggregate monthly benefit payable in the case of the GSIS shall in no case exceed
the monthly wage or salary actually received by the employee at the time of his death; and provided further, that
the minimum income benefit shall not be less than fifteen thousand pesos (P15,000.00). The death benefit shall
be paid during the entire period for which they are entitled thereto.

If the employee has been receiving income benefits for permanent total disability at the time of his death,
the primary beneficiaries shall be paid the monthly income benefit equivalent to eighty percent plus the
dependent's pension equivalent to 10 percent thereof for every dependent child but not exceeding five
counted from the youngest and without substitution.

(b) In the case of secondary beneficiaries, the income benefit is payable in monthly pension which shall not
exceed the period of 60 months and the aggregate income benefit shall not be less than P15,000.00.

If the employee has been receiving monthly income benefit for permanent total disability at the time of his
death, the secondary beneficiaries shall be paid the monthly pension, excluding the dependent's pension of
the remaining balance of the five year guaranteed period. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).

Section 4. Entitlement to the new income benefit under P.D. 1641. The new amount of the monthly income
benefit computed under these amended Rules shall be applicable to all contingencies occurring on or after
January 1, 1980. However, for contingencies which occurred before May 1, 1978, the limitation of P12,000 or 5
years, whichever comes first, shall be enforced.

In the case of the SSS, the present monthly income benefit of current pensioners shall be increased by 20
percent effective January 1, 1980.

In the case of the GSIS, the monthly income benefit of current pensioners shall be adjusted and recomputed to
In the case of the GSIS, the monthly income benefit of current pensioners shall be adjusted and recomputed to
reflect the 20 percent increase over the benefit under PD 1146 effective January 1, 1980.
Section 5. The new amount of lump sum benefit computed under these Amended Rules shall be applicable to all
contingencies occurring on or after May 1, 1980, otherwise entitlement thereto shall be governed by the
immediately preceding Section.

Rule XIV
FUNERAL BENEFIT

Section 1. Entitlement to funeral benefit. A funeral benefit of three thousand pesos (P3,000.00) shall be paid
upon the death of a covered employee or permanently totally disabled pensioner to one of the following:

(a) The surviving spouse or

(b) The legitimate child who spent for the funeral services; or

(c) Any other person who can show incontrovertible proof of his having borne the funeral expenses. (ECC
Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984.)

Rule XV
BENEFICIARIES

Section 1. Definition. (a) Beneficiaries shall be either primary or secondary, and determined at the time of the
employee's death.

(b) The following beneficiaries shall be considered primary:

(1) The legitimate spouse living with the employee at the time of the employee's death until he
remarries; and

(2) Legitimate, legitimated or legally adopted or acknowledged natural children who are unmarried,
not gainfully employed, not over 21 years of age, or over 21 years of age provided that he is
incapacitated and incapable of self-support due to physical or mental defect which is congenital or
acquired during minority; Provided, further that dependent acknowledged natural child shall be
considered as a primary beneficiary only when there are no other dependent children who are
qualified and eligible for monthly income benefit; provided, finally, that if there are two or more
acknowledged natural children, they shall be counted from the youngest and without substitution, but
not exceeding five. (ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).

(c) The following beneficiaries shall be considered secondary:

(1) The legitimate parents wholly dependent upon the employee for support;

(2) The legitimate descendants and illegitimate children who are unmarried, not gainfully employed,
and not over 21 years of age, or over 21 years of age provided that he is incapacitated and
incapable of self-support due to physical or mental defect which is congenital or acquired during
minority.

Section 2. Priority. (a) Primary beneficiaries shall have priority claim to death benefit over secondary
beneficiaries. Whenever there are primary beneficiaries, no death benefit shall be paid to secondary beneficiaries.

(b) If the deceased employee has no primary beneficiaries at the time of his death, the death shall be paid
to his secondary beneficiaries.

(c) If the deceased employee has no beneficiaries at the time of his death, the death benefit shall accrue to
the Employees Compensation fund.

Section 3. Benefits payable. Primary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a monthly income benefit. In their absence,
the secondary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a monthly income benefit not to exceed 60 months and the death
benefit shall not be less than P15,000.00 (ECC Resolution No. 2799, dated July 25, 1984).

Rule XVI
EMPLOYER'S RECORDS AND NOTICES

Section 1. Notice by employee. The notice of sickness, injury or death shall be given to the employer by the

employee, his dependents or anybody on his behalf, within 5 days from the occurrence of the contingency. Said
notice is not necessary where the employer or his representative already had knowledge thereof, or the
contingency occurred during working hours at the work place.

Section 2. Employer's logbook. Every employer shall keep a logbook to record chronologically the sickness, injury
or death of his employees, within 5 days from due notice thereof.

Section 3. Notice by employer. The notice of sickness, injury or death for cases which the employer deems to be
work-connected shall be submitted to the System by the employer within 5 days from due entry thereof in his
logbook in a form prescribed by the System.
Section 4. Visitorial power. The employer's logbook prescribed in these Rules shall be made available for
inspection to any duly authorized representative of the System during working hours.

Section 5. Penalty. Any employer who fails to record in his logbook the sickness, injury or death of any of his
employees within 5 days from knowledge or receipt of due notice thereof as prescribed herein, gives false
information or withholds material information already in his possession, shall be liable to 50 percent of the lump
sum equivalent of the income benefit to which the employee may be found to be entitled and/or a fine of not less
than P500 nor more than P5,000 and imprisonment for not less than 6 months or more than one year, at the
discretion of the Court. The sum paid by the employer under this Section shall accrue to the Employee's
Compensation fund of the System.

Rule XVII
ACCREDITATION

Section 1. Minimum requirement for accreditation. (a) A physician may be accredited for purposes of the
Employees' Compensation Program upon his application if he is a doctor of medicine duly licensed to practice in
the Philippines and an active member in good standing of the Philippine Medical Association.

(b) A hospital may likewise be accredited upon application if:

(1) It is an institution primarily engaged in providing to inpatients, by or under the supervision of

physicians, diagnostic and therapeutic service for their medical diagnosis, treatment and care;

(2) It is adequately equipped with facilities for physicians to treat injured or sick persons;

(3) It maintains clinical records on all patients;

(4) It has by-laws concerning its medical staff;

(5) It provides 24-hour nursing services by itself or supervised by a registered professional nurse;
and has a licensed practical nurse or registered professional nurse on duty at all times;

(6) It requires that every patient must be under the care of a physician;

(7) It is licensed by the Bureau of Medical Services of the Department of Health;

(8) It meets the health and safety requirements of the Department of Health and Department of
Labor;

(9) It maintains a utilization review committee as provided for in Section 3 of this Rule; and

(10) It is a member in good standing of the Philippine Hospital Association.

(c) A rehabilitation facility may be accredited upon application if:

(1) It is an institution engaged in providing to in patients, by or under the supervision of physicians

(specialized in rehabilitation medicine in neurology, or in neuro-surgery, or in internal medicine, or in
orthopedic surgery), diagnostic or therapeutic services in rehabilitation practice.

(2) It is adequately equipped with facilities for physical medicine rehabilitation (PMR).

(3) It maintains clinical records on all patients;

(4) It has by-laws concerning its medical staff;

(5) It requires that every patient must be under the care of a physician;

(6) It is licensed by the Bureau of Medical Services of the Department of Health;

(7) It meets the health and safety requirements of the Department of Health and Department of
Labor and Employment; and

(8) It maintains a Utilization Review Committee as provided for in Section 3 of the Rules.

(d) The above requirements may be modified by the Commission from time to time as circumstances
may warrant.

Section 2. Conditions on accredited hospitals or rehabilitation facilities and physicians. (a) An accredited hospital
or rehabilitation facility binds itself:

(1) Not to collect from the patient any amount for ward services;

(2) To provide adequate services on a non-discriminating basis;

(3) To limit charges for ward rates approved by the Commission, including, but not limited to, laboratory
ward rates, laboratory facilities, x-rays, stools, drugs, medical attendance and the Relative Value Scale
 ward rates, laboratory facilities, x-rays, stools, drugs, medical attendance and the Relative Value Scale
(RVS) for surgical procedures, etc.

(4) To abide by those rules on accreditation; lawphi1.net

(5) To have its house rules conform to the requirements of the Commission;

(6) To subject its facilities to inspection at anytime by duly authorized representatives of the Commission or
the System.

(b) An accredited physician binds himself:

(1) Not to collect from the patient any amount for ward services;

(2) To provide adequate services on a non-discriminating basis; and

(3) To abide by these rules on accreditation.

Section 3. Utilization Review. (a) Every rehabilitation facility shall have a Utilization Review Committee, composed
of at least two physicians, to help assure the most effective use of facilities and services, by reviewing admissions
each day on a sample basis and all long-stay cases.

(b) The Committee shall decide in every specific case being reviewed, whether or not care in a hospital is
medically necessary. In every case, the Committee shall discuss its findings with the patient's doctor before
making a decision.

(c) The Committee shall advise in writing the patient, his doctor and the hospital of its decision only if it has
been decided that care in a hospital is not medically necessary, in which case no payment for room and
board shall be made by the System.

Section 4. Coverage of services. (a) Payment for services shall ordinarily be made only to accredited
rehabilitation facility or hospitals and accredited physicians.

(b) Non-accredited rehabilitation facility or hospitals and non-accredited physicians shall be paid only for
emergency services. No payment can be made to them for services rendered after the emergency has
ended.

Section 5. Emergency services. (a) Those services which are necessary to prevent the death or serious
impairment of the health of the individual, and which necessitate the use of the most accessible hospital available
and equipment to furnish such services.

(b) An emergency no longer exists when it becomes safe from a medical standpoint to move the patient to
an accredited hospital, or to discharge him, whichever occurs first.

(c) The determination that the patient's condition requires emergency services or that an emergency has
ended shall be based on the physician's evaluation and, when appropriate, the patient's medical record and
other additional data furnished by the hospital.

(d) Claims filed by non-accredited hospitals and non-accredited physicians for payment of emergency
services shall be accompanied by a physician's statement.

(e) The physician's statement shall describe the nature of the emergency, furnish relevant clinical
information about the condition of the patient, and state that the services rendered were necessary to
prevent the death of the individual or the serious impairment of his health. A bare statement that an
emergency existed is not sufficient.

(f) In addition, when in-patient services are involved, the statement shall include the date when, in the
physician's judgment, the emergency ceased.

Section 6. Referral. Immediately upon knowledge by the employer of his employee's injury or sickness at the
work place, he shall, in addition to the medical and dental facilities which the pertinent provisions of the Code and
these Rules may require him to furnish, cause the employee to be brought by the fastest available means of
transportation to the duly accredited physician or hospital nearest or most accessible to the employee's place of
work.

Section 7. Violation of conditions and requirements, penalties. (a) An accredited hospital or physician shall be
disaccredited for violation of any of the conditions and requirements under Sections 1 and 2 hereof without
prejudice to the imposition of penalties under Rule XIX if applicable or to any other penalty which the Commission
may impose.

(b) The cancellation or invalidation of accreditation of a physician or hospital shall be effective on the date
of notice of the disacrreditation.

(c) In case of disaccreditation, the physician or the hospital shall carry the disqualification wherever its
physical identity is found. Mere change of legal personality shall not defeat the disqualification imposed.

(d) Disaccreditation shall be lifted only on application and upon showing of good cause and effective upon
 (d) Disaccreditation shall be lifted only on application and upon showing of good cause and effective upon
approval by the Commission. As soon as accreditation is duly restored, the hospital or physician concerned
shall be allowed to participate in the Employees' Compensation Program.

Rule XVIII
SETTLEMENT OF CLAIMS

Section 1. Services. (a) The claim for medical benefits shall be filed on a prescribed form by the accredited
physician or accredited hospital directly with the System.

(b) The claim for emergency services shall be filed in a prescribed form by any physician or hospital.

Section 2. Income benefit. The claim for income benefit shall be filed in a prescribed form by the employee, his
dependents or his employer on his behalf, directly with the System. Failure to file the claim within three years from
the date the cause of action accrued, shall forever bar the right to benefits granted under these Rules. (ECC
Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984).

Section 3. Adjudication. Upon receipt of the claim, the System shall process the same and determine whether or
not the injury, sickness, disability or death is compensable.

Section 4. Additional requirements. If the supporting papers of the claim are insufficient to make proper
determination, the System shall require the submission of additional proofs from the employee or his dependents,
or from any office, entity or agency, public or private, or from any person, having knowledge of the contingency.

Section 5. Appeal. Within 10 days from receipt of the letter of denial or the affirmation of the denial, as the case
may be, the claimant shall inform the System in writing of his desire to appeal the decision of the System. Upon
receipt of such appeal, the System shall within 5 days forward the entire record of the case to the Commission for
review.

Rule XIX
REVIEW BY THE COMMISSION

Section 1. Decision en banc. Within 20 working days from receipt of an appealed case, the Commission shall
review and decide said case. Four affirmative votes shall decide the case. However, if only a quorum of four
members are present, three (3) affirmative votes shall decide the case. No motion for reconsideration of the
decision or resolution of the Commission en banc shall be entertained.

Section 2. Payment of awards. Decisions, orders, or resolutions of the Commission en banc shall be complied
with by the System within 15 days from receipt of notice thereof.

Section 3. Other decisions. In all other cases involving payments to be made by the employer, decisions, orders
and resolutions of the Commission en banc which have become final and executory shall be enforced and
executed in the same manner as decisions of the Court of First Instance, and the Commission shall have the
power to issue to the City or Provincial Sheriff or to the Sheriff it may appoint, such writs of execution as may be
necessary for the enforcement of such decisions, orders or resolutions.

Section 4. Failure to comply. Any person or persons who fail or refuse to comply with the writ of execution issued
by the Commission shall be punished for contempt by the proper court. In the case of a corporation, trust, firm,
partnership, association or any other entity, the manager or officer-in-charge when the offense was committed,
shall be responsible.

Rule XX
PENALTIES

Section 1. Penalty for failure to install and maintain safety devices, etc. The System shall determine for purposes
of imposing the penalty provided in Art. 207 of the Code, whether the employee's sickness, injury or death was
due to the failure of the employer to comply with any health and safety law, or failure to install and maintain safety
devices in accordance with standards set by the Commission, or take other precautions for the prevention of the
sickness, injury or death. The requisite standards shall be set by the Commission within 6 months after the
effectivity of these Rules.

Section 2. Penal provisions. (a) The penal provisions of R.A. 1161, as amended, and C.A. 186, as amended, with
regard to the funds as are thereunder being paid to, collected or disbursed by the System shall be applicable to
the collection, administration and disbursement of Employees' Compensation fund of the System. The penal
provisions on coverage shall also be applicable.

(b) Any person who, for the purpose of securing entitlement to any benefit or payment under these Rules or
the issuance of any certificate or document for any purpose whether for him or for some other persons,
commits fraud, collusion, falsification, misrepresentation of facts or any other kind of anomaly shall be
punished with a fine of not less than P500 nor more than P5,000 and imprisonment for not less than 6
months nor more than one year, at the discretion of the Court.

(c) If the act penalized is committed by any person who has been or is employed by the Commission or
System, or recidivist, the imprisonment shall not be less than one year; if committed by a lawyer, physician
or other professional, he shall in addition to the penalty prescribed herein be disqualified from the practice
 or other professional, he shall in addition to the penalty prescribed herein be disqualified from the practice
of his profession; and if committed by an official, employee or personnel of the Commission, System or any
government agency, he shall in addition to the penalty prescribed herein, be dismissed with prejudice to
reemployment in the government service.

Rule XXI
IMPLEMENTING PROVISIONS

Section 1. Effectivity. These amended Rules and Regulations shall take effect January 1, 1980.

Approved: June 28, 1978

Annex "A"
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

For an occupational disease and the resulting disability or death to be compensable, all of the following conditions
must be satisfied:

(1) The employee's work must involve the risks described herein;

(2) The disease was contracted as a result of the employee's exposure to the described risks;

(3) The disease was contracted within a period of exposure and under such other factors necessary to
contract it;

(4) There was no notorious negligence on the part of the employee.

The employer who has failed to provide adequate protection and safety devices shall be subject to the penalty
imposed by Article 200 of the Code. Where he has provided adequate protective and safety devices, there shall
be a determination as to whether or not the employee has been notoriously negligent.

Silicosis, asbestosis and byssinosis shall not be compensable if the exposure to the described risks is less than 10
years, unless proven otherwise.

The following diseases are considered as occupational when contracted under working conditions involving the
risks described herein:

Occupational Diseases Nature of Employment

1 Cancer of the epithelial lining of the Work involving exposure to alphanapthylamine,
bladder (Papilloma of the bladder) betenapthylamine or benzidine or any part of the salts;
and auramine or magenta.

2 Cancer, epithellomatons or The use or handling of, exposure to tar, pitch, bitumen,
ulceration of the skin or of the mineral oil (including paraffin) soot or any compound
corneal surface of the eye due to product or residue of any of these substances.
tar, pitch, bitumen, mineral oil or
paraffin, or any compound product
or residue of any of these
substances.
3 Cataract produced by exposure to Frequent and prolonged exposure to the glare of or rays
the glare of, or rays from molten from molten glass or red hot metal.
glass or red hot metal.

4 Deafness Any industrial operation having excessive noise

particularly in the higher frequencies.

5 Decompression sickness Any process carried on in compressed or rarefield air.

(a) Caissons disease Any process carried on in compressed air.

(b) Aeroembolish Any process carried on in rarefield air.

6 Dermatitis due to irritants and The use or handling of chemical agents which are skin
sensitizers irritants sensitizers
7 Infections

(a) Anthrax Work in connection with animals infected with anthrax,

handling of animal carcasses or parts of such car casses
including hides, hoofs and horns.

(b) Brucellosis Any occupation involvinghandlings of contaminated food

and drink particularly milk, butter and cheese of infected
goats and cows.

(c) Glanders Any occupation involving handling of equine animals or

 (c) Glanders Any occupation involving handling of equine animals or
carcasses.
(d) Rabies Any occupation involving rabid dogs.

(e) Tuberculosis Any occupation involving close and frequent contact with a
source or sources of tuberculosis infection by reason of
employment: (a) in the medical treatment or nursing of a
person or persons suffering from tuberculosis (b) as a
laboratory worker, pathologist or postmortem worker,
where occupation involves working with material is a
source of tuberculosis infection.
(f) Tularemia Any occupation involving handling of rabbits, ground
squirrels, mice or other rodents.

(g) Weill's disease Any occupation involving handling of rats, mice, swine and
dogs.

(h) Q. fever, or equine Any occupation involving handling of horses, cattle and
encephalomyelitis sheep, or their slaughter and meat packing.

(i) Mite dermatitis Any occupation involving handling of fowls or pigeons.

8 Ionizing radiation disease, Exposure to X-rays, ionizing particles of radium or other
inflammation, ulceration or radioactive substance or other forms of radiant energy.
malignant disease of skin
subcutaneous tissues of the bones
or leukemia, or anemia of the
aplastic type due to x-rays, ionizing
particle radium or other radioactive
substances.
(a) Acute radiation syndrome Short durations of exposure to large doses of X-rays,
gamma rays, alpha rays and beta rays.

(b) Chronic radiation syndrome Chronic over exposure to X-rays with a long latent period
affecting the skin, blood and reproductive organ.

(c) Glass Blower's cataract Among furnace men, glass blowers, bakers, blacksmiths,
foundry workers. These are workers exposed to infra-red
rays.

9 Poisoning and its sequelae caused

by:
(a) Ammonia All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.

(b) Arsenic or its toxic compound All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
amino-toxic derivatives of benzene
or its homologue

(d) Beryllium or its toxic All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
compounds.

(d) Brass, zinc or nickel All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
(f) Carbon dioxide All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.

(g) Carbon bisulfide All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
(h) Carbon monoxide All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.

(i) Chlorine All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.

(j) Chrome or its toxic compounds All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
(k) Dinitrophenol or its homologue All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.

(l) Halogen derivatives of All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
hydrocarbon of the aliphatic series

(m) Lead or its toxic compounds All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
(n) Manganese or its toxic All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
compounds

(o) Mercury or its toxic compounds All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.

(p) Nitrous fumes the risk All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
 (p) Nitrous fumes the risk All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
concerned.
(q) Phosgene the risk concerned. All work involving exposure to

(r) Phosphorus or its toxic All work involving exposure to

compounds

(s) Sulfur dioxide the risk All work involving exposure to the risk concerned.
concerned.

10 Pneumoconioses
(a) Coal Miners All work involving exposure to

(b) Byssinosis causing weaver's Exposure to coal dust.

cough or mill fever.

(c) Bagassosis Exposure to cotton dust

(d) Psittacosis Exposure to sugar cane dust. Any occupation involving
handling of parrots, parakeets and other species of birds.

11 Diseases caused by Any occupation involving

abnormalities in temperature exposure to excessive heat or

and humidity. cold.

(a) Heat stroke/cramps/ Any occupation involving exposure

exhaustion to excessive heat.

(b) Chilblain/frostbite/freezing Any occupation involving exposure to excessive cold.

(c) Immersion foot/general Any occupation involving exposure to excessive cold.

hypothermia

12 Vascular disturbance in the upper Any occupation causing repeated motions, vibrations and
extremities due to continuous pressure of upper extremities. pneumatic tools of power
vibration from drills, riveting machines or hammers.

13 Viral hepatitis Workers in close and frequent contact with (a) human
blood products and with (b) a source of viral hepatitis by
reason of employment in the medical treatment or nursing
of a person or persons suffering from viral hepatitis, or in
a service ancillary to such treatment or nursing.

14 Poisoning by cadmium Workers in battery factories who are exposed to cadmium

fumes.
15 Leukemia and lymphoma Operating room personnel due to exposure to
anesthetics.

16 Cancer of stomach and other Woodworkers; wood products industry carpenters, loggers
lymphatic and blood forming and employees in pulp and paper mills and plywood mills.
vessels; nasal cavity and sinuses

17 Cancer of the lungs, liver and brain Vinyl chloride workers, plastic workers.

Under ECC Resolution No. 432 dated July 20, 1977, the following diseases are deemed compensable:

18. Cardiovascular Disease: Under any of the following conditions:

(a) If the heart disease was known to have been present during employment, there must be proof of an
acute exacerbation clearly precipitated by the unusual strain by reason of the nature of this work.

(b) The strain of work that brings about an acute attack must be of sufficient severity and must be followed
within twenty-four (24) hours by the clinical signs of a cardiac insult to constitute causal relationship.

(c) If a person who was apparently a symptomatic before subjecting himself to strain at work showed signs
and symptoms of cardiac injury during the performance of his work and such symptoms and signs
persisted, it is reasonable to claim a causal relationship.

19. Cerebrovascular Accidents: Under all the following conditions:

 (a) There must be a history, which should be proven, of trauma at work (to the head especially), or trauma,
unusual and extra ordinary strain or event, or undue exposure to noxious gases in industry.

(b) There must be a direct connection between the trauma or exertion in the course of the employment of
the worker's collapse.

(c) If the trauma or exertion then and there caused a brain hemorrhage which would not have happened,
an injury may be considered as arising from the work.

20. Malaria and Schistosomiasis: Under all the following conditions:

Through the knowledge of the respective incubation periods of the different types of the disease, the physicians
determining the causal relationship between the employment and the illness of malaria or schistosomiasis should
be able to tell whether or not the disease of the afflicted employee or a worker manifested itself while so
employed.

Compensability is based on the principle of greater risk of acquiring the disease in the place of work, than in the
place of usual residence of the afflicted employee or worker. The place of work of employment has to be verified
as a malarial or schistosomal work area.

21. Pneumonia: Under all the following conditions:

(a) There must be an honest and definite history of wetting and chilling during the course of employment,
also industrial injury to the chest wall with or without rib fracture, or inhalation of noxious gases, fumes and
other deleterious substances in the place of work.

(b) There must be a direct connection between the offending agent or event and the worker's illness.

(c) The signs of consolidation should appear soon (within a few hours) and the symptoms of initial chilling
and fever should at least be twenty-four (24) hours after the injury.

(d) The patient must present one of the following findings within a few days of the accident:

(1) Severe chill and fever.

(2) Headache and pain, agonizing in character in the side.

(3) Short, dry painful cough with blood-tinged expectoration.

(4) Physical signs of consolidation with fine rales.

22. Hernia: Under all the following conditions:

(a) That the hernia is of recent origin.

(b) That its appearance was accompanied by pain, discoloration and evidence of a tearing of the tissues.

(c) That it was immediately preceded by undue or severe strain arising out and in the course of
employment.

(d) That a protrusion or mass appeared in the area immediately following the alleged strain.

23. Bronchial Asthma: Under all the following conditions:

(a) There is no evidence of history of asthma before employment.

(b) The allergen is present in the working conditions.

(c) Sensitivity test to allergens in the working environment positive.

(d) Provocative test.

Annex "B"
PRESCRIBED MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS DESIGNED FOR THE
EARLY DETECTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

A. When the risk exists as to exposure to any of the occupational hazards enumerated in the "List of Occupational
Diseases," employers shall require his employees to undergo:

1. A periodic medical examination to be carried out at intervals, and in accordance with the conditions,
outlined in 2 or 3 below;

2. Periodic examinations at intervals of 3 months or less if workers are exposed to the following:

(a) Bensense (Benzol) or the nitro or amin-derivatives of benzene or its homologues.

 (b) Ionizing radiations.

(c) Organic phosphorous insecticides, where the interval may be much shorter (as in spraying).

3. Periodic examinations at intervals not exceeding 6 months in cases of exposure to the following:

(a) Lead or its toxic compounds

(b) Mercury or its toxic compounds

(c) Manganese or its toxic compounds

(d) Chromium or its toxic compounds

(e) Carbon disulphide

4. Periodic examinations at intervals not exceeding one year in cases of all other exposures enumerated in
the "List of Occupational Diseases" and not covered under 2 or 4 above.

5. Under special circumstances, medical examinations be repeated at intervals shorter than specified under
3 and 4 as recommended by the authorized medical officers.

B. The medical examination shall be as complete as possible, but shall primarily be directed towards the early
detection of occupational diseases. This necessitates that certain aspects of the examination be stressed in
certain types of exposure;

(1) Examination of urine and urinary bladder in workers exposed to alphanaphtylamine, betanaphtylamine
or benzidine or any of their salts; and suramine or magenta.

(2) Examination of the skin and eyes in workers exposed to tar, pitch, bitumen, mineral oil, paraffin or soot
or any compound, product or residue of any of these substances.

(3) Examination of the eyes in workers exposed to infrared rays from molten metal, red hot metal or molten
glass.

(4) Examination of the skin in workers exposed to skin irritants and sensitizers.

(5) Audiometric examinations in workers exposed to excessive noise, particularly in the higher frequencies.

(6) Examination of the skin, eyes and blood in workers exposed to ionizing radiations.

(7) Examination of the gastro-intestinal and nervous systems, blood, skin, mucous membranes and lungs in
workers exposed to toxic compounds of arsenic.

(8) Examination of the blood in workers exposed to benzene or the nitro or amino derivatives of benzene or
its homologues.

(9) Examination of the skin and lungs in cases of exposure to beryllium.

(10) Examination of the skin and respiratory tract in workers exposed to nickel, chromium or their toxic
compounds.

(11) Examination of the nervous systems, eyes, blood and skin, in workers exposed to carbon disulphide.

(12) Examination of the blood in workers exposed to carbon monoxide.

(13) Examination of the eyes and respiratory tract in workers exposed to chlorine or sulphur dioxide.

(14) Examination of the liver and kidney in workers exposed to dinitro phenol and its homologues.

(15) Examination of the skin, kidney and gastro-intestinal and nervous systems in workers exposed in
halogen derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

(16) Examination of the blood, urine, gastro-intestinal and neuromascular systems in workers exposed to
lead or its toxic compounds.

(17) Examination of the lungs and nervous systems in workers exposed to manganese or its toxic
compounds.

(18) Examination of the nervous and the gastro-intestinal systems, the kidneys and eyes in workers
exposed to mercury or its toxic compounds.

(19) Examination of the bones, especially the lower jaw in workers exposed to phosphorus; and the choline-
esterase activity in workers exposed to organic phosphate insecticides.

(20) Examination of the lungs in workers exposed to risk of tuberculosis infection; silica dust, asbestos and
 cotton dust.

(21) Examination for the presence of peripheral vascular disturbance in workers exposed to vibrating tools.

C. Results of medical examinations shall be reported in a prescribed form which indicates the dates of
examinations, results and recommended action.

D. Cases of occupational diseases discovered shall be reported by the employer to the System on a prescribed
form.

Annex "C"
MEDICAL BENEFITS

A. Medical services. (a) An employee who sustains an injury or contracts sickness shall be entitled to:

(1) ward services during confinement in an accredited hospital;

(2) the subsequent domiciliary care by an accredited physician; and

(3) Medicines.

(b) Ambulatory services in an accredited hospital shall be allowed only in case of injury.

B. Ward services. (a) They cover all of the services an inpatient would ordinarily receive in a hospital such as:

(1) Bed in a ward (6 beds in a room);

(2) All meals, including special diets;

(3) Regular nursing services;

(4) Medicines furnished by the hospital;

(5) Laboratory services such as blood and urine tests;

(6) Radiology services such as X-rays;

(7) Medical supplies such as splints and casts;

(8) Use of appliances and equipment furnished by the hospital such as a wheelchair, crutches and
braces;

(9) Anesthetic services;

(10) Operating room charges;

(11) Surgery; and

(12) Doctor's services.

(b) Ward services do not include:

(1) The extra charge for more comfortable accommodations such as private and semi-private rooms;

(2) Personal comfort or convenience such as charges for the use of a telephone, radio or television;

(3) Private duty nurses;

(c) If a patient receives services more expensive than ward services, payment by the System shall be made
only for the ward services. However, private or semi-private room accommodations when medically
necessary because the contagious disease requires him to be isolated shall be paid by the System.

(d) Only necessary and relevant services shall be paid by the System.

C. Hospital confinement. (a) The benefit for each day of confinement in an accredited hospital shall be only for
ward services.

(b) The benefit in case of injury shall not exceed the actual cost of ward services in an accredited hospital.

(c) The benefit in case of sickness shall not exceed the actual cost of ward services in an accredited
hospital equipped with facilities necessary for the treatment of the disease.

(d) Confinement shall be counted in units of a full day, with the day of admission counted as a full day but
not the day of discharge.

D. Domiciliary care. The benefit for the subsequent domiciliary care by an accredited physician shall not exceed
P60 for the first visit and P50 for each subsequent visit.
P60 for the first visit and P50 for each subsequent visit.

E. Ambulatory services. (a) The benefit for ambulatory care in an accredited hospital, either by (1) a physician in
his hospital clinic, or (2) training resident in Emergency, shall not exceed P60 a day, exclusive of drugs and
medicines.

(b) A patient who is treated for a specific minor surgical procedure, or other treatment that keeps him in the
hospital only for a few hours (less than 24) shall be considered an ambulatory patient regardless of the
hour of admission, whether or not he used a bed, or whether or not be remained in the hospital past
midnight.

F. Surgical expense benefit. (a) A qualified employee who has undergone a surgical expense procedure in an
accredited hospital shall be entitled to a surgical expense benefit which shall consist of:

(1) A surgeon's fee according to the ECC Relative Value Study.

(2) An anesthesiologist's fee ordinarily not exceeding 25 percent of the surgeon's fee; and

(3) An operating fee ordinarily not exceeding 25 percent of the surgeon's fee.

(b) The surgeon's fee shall be paid to the surgeon who performed the operation, and the anesthesiologist's
fee to the anesthesiologist, subject to the following conditions:

(1) Only one surgeon shall be paid for each operation; lawphi1.net

(2) Only one anesthesiologist, if any, shall be paid for each operation; and

(3) Local anesthesia, other than regional nerve block anesthesia shall not be compensable.

(c) The operating room fee shall be paid by the System only for surgical procedures done in the operating-
diagnostic-therapeutic room complex of the accredited hospital.

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