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.
1
1
+
=
in
= Thermal conductivity of the insulation, W/m-K
Partially insulated
R
i
= R
inp
where:
A
inp
=
Total tank surface area (shell and roof), m
2
A
TTS
=
Insulated surface area, m
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
TTS
inp
in
TTS
inp
inp
A
A
R
A
A
R 1
(Refer Section 4.3.2, Calculation of maximum flow rates for normal outbreathing & normal inbreathing)
Factor that depends on vapour pressure, average storage temperature & latitude, dimensionless
0.07
Average Thermal
Conductivity, W/m-K
0.05
0.04
0.06
API STD 2000-2009, Calculation for max. flow rates for Normal Inbreathing
(Refer Section 4.3.2, 'Calculation of maximum flow rates for normal outbreathing & normal inbreathing)
Inputs
3500
m
3
150
m
3
/h
40 Below 42
20 C <25
VPHexane
0.1 m (Enter 0 if tank uninsulated)
Cellular glass
0.05 W/m-K
0.05
W/m-K
Inside heat transfer coefficient, h 4 W/m
2
K (Typical value for tanks: 4 W/m2-K)
100 m
2
100 m
2
(Enter 0 if tank uninsulated)
Fully Insulated
Calculations
150
Nm
3
/h
of Air
4
0.11
134.5
Nm
3
/h
of Air
Total Normal Inbreathing 284.5 Nm
3
/h of Air
Avg. Storage Temp.
Total surface area, A
TTS
Insulated surface area, A
inp
Thermal inbreathing, V
IT
VP range
Ins. Thickness, l
in
Thermal Cond. of Insulation,
in
Inbreathing due to Liquid movement out, V
ip
Selected Thermal Cond. of Insulation,
in,S
Insulation Type
Thermal Inbreathing
C-Factor
Reduction factor, R
i
Use maximum capacity per sketch below Tank Volume, V
tk
Pump-Out Rate, V
pe
Latitude
Min. Operating Volume remaining in the tank
m
3
____ or ____ mm
Net Working Capacity
_____ m
3
Minimum fill level
Normal fill level
Maximum capacity
_____ m
3
Design liquid level
Overfill slot
Top of shell height
Overfill protection level requirement
______ m
3
or ______ mm
Reference Appendix L-6 of API STD 650
Min. Operating Volume remaining in the tank
m
3
____ or ____ mm
Top of bottom plate at shell
(Refer Section 4.3.2, 'Calculation of maximum flow rates for normal outbreathing & normal inbreathing)
Common Inuslation
Materials
Cellular glass
Mineral Fiber
Calcium Silicate
Perlite
VPHexane
VP>Hexane
Latitude
(Typical value for tanks: 4 W/m2-K) <25 25 <25 25
Below 42 4 6.5 6.5 6.5
Between 42& 58 3 5 5 5
Above 58 2.5 4 4 4
C-factor for various conditions
Hexane or similar > than Hexane or unknown
Average Storage temperature, C
Vapour Pressure (VP)
0.07
Average Thermal
Conductivity, W/m-K
0.05
0.04
0.06
Use maximum capacity per sketch below
Minimum fill level
Design liquid level
Top of shell height
Top of bottom plate at shell
API STD 2000-2009, Calculation for max. flow rates for Normal Outbreathing
(Refer Section 4.3.2, Calculation of maximum flow rates for normal outbreathing & normal inbreathing)
Outbreathing due to Liquid Movement In
where:
V
op
= outbreathing due to liquid movement in, Nm
3
/h of AIR
V
pf
=
Volumetric filling rate of the tank, m
3
/h
Notes:
Thermal Outbreathing
where:
V
OT
= Thermal Outbreathing during heating up, Nm
3
/h of AIR
Y = Factor that depends on vapour pressure, average storage temperature & latitude, dimensionless
V
tk
=
Total tank Volume, m
3
R
i
= Reduction factor for insulation, dimensionless
Table for Y-factor
0.32
0.25
0.2
Reduction factor R
i
for insulation (Uninsulated or Fully insulated)
Uninsulated
R
i
= 1
Fully insulated
Common Inuslation
Materials
R
i
= R
in
Cellular glass
where: Mineral Fiber
Calcium Silicate
Perlite
where:
h = inside heat transfer coefficient, W/m
2
-K
(Typical value for tanks: 4 W/m
2
-K)
l
in
= Thickness of insulation, m
0.04
0.06
1. For products containing more volatile components or dissolved solids (e.g. oil spiked with methane), perform a flash calculation &
increase the out-breathing venting requirements accordingly.
2. For products stored above 40C or with a vapour pressure greater than 5.0 kPa (abs.), increase the out-breathing by the
evaporation rate.
Latitude Y-factor
0.07
Below 42
Between 42& 58
Above 58
Average Thermal Conductivity,
W/m-K
0.05
pf op
V V =
i tk OT
R V Y V =
9 . 0
in
in
in
l h
R
.
1
1
+
=
in
= Thermal conductivity of the insulation, W/m-K
Partially insulated
R
i
= R
inp
where:
A
inp
=
Total tank surface area (shell and roof), m
2
A
TTS
=
Insulated surface area, m
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
TTS
inp
in
TTS
inp
inp
A
A
R
A
A
R 1
1. For products containing more volatile components or dissolved solids (e.g. oil spiked with methane), perform a flash calculation &
increase the out-breathing venting requirements accordingly.
2. For products stored above 40C or with a vapour pressure greater than 5.0 kPa (abs.), increase the out-breathing by the
evaporation rate.
API STD 2000-2009, Calculation for max. flow rates for Normal Inbreathing
(Refer Section 4.3.2, 'Calculation of maximum flow rates for normal outbreathing & normal inbreathing)
Inputs
3500
m
3
150
m
3
/h
40 Below 42
0.1 m (Enter 0 if tank uninsulated)
Cellular glass
0.05 W/m-K
0.05
W/m-K
Inside heat transfer coefficient, h 4 W/m
2
K (Typical value for tanks: 4 W/m2-K)
100 m
2
100 m
2
(Enter 0 if tank uninsulated)
Fully Insulated
Calculations
150
Nm
3
/h
of Air
0.32
0.11
55.0
Nm
3
/h
of Air
Total Normal Outbreathing 205.0 Nm
3
/h of Air
Reduction factor, R
i
Thermal Outbreathing, V
OT
Ins. Thickness, l
in
Thermal Cond. of Insulation,
in
Outbreathing due to Liquid movement in, V
op
Selected Thermal Cond. of Insulation,
in,S
Use maximum capacity per sketch below
Insulation Type
Thermal Outbreathing
Y-Factor
Tank Volume, V
tk
Pump-in Rate, V
pf
Latitude
Total surface area, A
TTS
Insulated surface area, A
inp
Min. Operating Volume remaining in the tank
m
3
____ or ____ mm
Net Working Capacity
_____ m
3
Minimum fill level
Top of bottom plate at shell
Normal fill level
Maximum capacity
_____ m
3
Design liquid level
Overfill slot
Top of shell height
Overfill protection level requirement
______ m
3
or ______ mm
Reference Appendix L-6 of API STD 650
(Refer Section 4.3.2, 'Calculation of maximum flow rates for normal outbreathing & normal inbreathing)
Common Inuslation
Materials
Cellular glass
Mineral Fiber
Calcium Silicate
Perlite
Latitude Y-factor
Below 42 0.32
Between 42& 58 0.25
Above 58 0.2
(Typical value for tanks: 4 W/m2-K)
0.07
Average Thermal
Conductivity, W/m-K
0.05
0.04
0.06
Use maximum capacity per sketch below
Minimum fill level
Top of bottom plate at shell
Design liquid level
Top of shell height