Marking scheme Chemistry form two(2)

Q1 a) N2H4+2H2O i) n(N2H2) = n(H2O2) n(N2H4) = N2+4H2O 1 2 1 x 8mols 2 = 4mols 1mark

ii)

n(N2) n(H2O2) n(N2)

= 1 2 = 1 x 8mols 2 = 4mols = 4 2 = 4 x 8mols 2 = 16mols

.. 1mark

iii) n(H2O) n(H2O2) n(H20)

..1mark

iv) n(H2O) n(N2H4) n(H2O)

= 4 1 = 4 x 3mols = 12mols ..1mark m(H2O) = n(H2O) x M(H2O) = 12mols x 18gmol-1 = 216g .1mark v) V(N2) = n(N2) x Vm = 4mols x 22.4dm3 = 89.6dm3

..1mark

b) Reactivity of the group 1 elements depend\ on ease of loss of their outer electrons. (1mark) Down the group, atomic size increases, screening effect of inner shells on outer electrons increases, effective nuclear charge decreases and so ionization energy decreases. (1mark) Therefore ease of loss of electrons increases and hence reactivity increases. (1mark)

c) i. four (4) peaks

..(1mark)

ii. the possible formulae and their masses are; 1 1 H 35Cl (mark) H 37Cl (mark) mass = (1+35) mass = (1+37) -1 = 36gmol (mark) =38gmol-1
2

(mark)

H 35Cl (mark) mass = (2+35) = 37gmol-1 (mark)

H 37Cl (mark) mass = (2+37) = 39gmol-1 (mark)

d) i)

purity 70% w/w , density = 1.42gcm-3, Mr = 63

m(HNO3) in 1000cm3 = x V = 1.42gcm-3 x 1000cm3 = 1420g ..1mark 3 (HNO3) in 1dm = 70 x 1420g 100 = 994gdm-3 .1mark -3 C(HNO3) = P = 994.2gdm M 63gmol-1 = 5.80moldm-3 .1mark ii) C(HNO3)conc x V(HNO3)conc = C(HNO3)dil x V(HNO3)dil V(HNO3)conc = C(HNO3)dil x V(HNO3)dil C(HNO3)conc

= 0.20moldm-3 x 500cm3 15.80moldm-3 = 6.33cm3. .1mark 3 Therefore 6.33cm of the stock solution is measured using a measuring cylinder and added to 493.67cm3 of distilled water in a 500cm3 volumetric flask. (1mark) The measuring cylinder is rinsed with part of the distilled water used and added to the volumetric flask to the 500cm3 mark.(1mark) TOTAL: 20marks

Q2a) i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii)

Q X 15 A and Y Ionic bond Q2Y (Na2O) Covalent bond X 1 x 8 = 8marks

b)i The mole is the amount of substance which contains as many elementary entities/particles as there are Carbon atoms in 12.0g(0.012kg) of Carbon 12. (1mark) C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) .1mark n(C) = 1 mark n(CO2) 1 at s.t.p, 1mol C = 22.4dm3 CO2 MASS of charcoal,C burnt in 2hrs = 2g x (60 x 60 x 2)sec =14400g 1mark Hence volume of CO2 produced at s.t.p = m(C) burnt x Vm ( mark ) M(C) at s.t.p ii)

= 14400g x 22.4dm3mol-1 12gmol-1 = 26880dm3 ....1mark iii) moles of O2 consumed = mass of CO2 produced .1mark 3 at s.t.p, 1mol O2 = 22.4dm CO2 moles of O2 consumed = 26880 x 1mol 22.4 = 1,200moles 1mark TOTAL: 15marks

Q3)a i) 1mol CO2 = 44g CO2 = 12g C if 44g CO2 gives 12g C 2.2g CO2 = 2.2 x 12 44 = 0.6g Hence % Carbon = 0.6g x 100 1.5g = 40.0% .1mark 1mol H2O = 18g H2O = 2g H If 18g H2O gives 2g H 0.9g H2O = 0.9g x 2g 18g =0.1g H Hence % hydrogen = 0.1g x 100 1.5g = 6.67% ..1mark % Oxygen = 100- (40.0 + 6.67) =100 46.67 = 53.33% 1mark

ii)

C 40.0 12 = 3.33 (mark) 3.33 3.33 = 1.00 (mark)

H 6.67 1 = 6.67 (mark) 6.67 3.33 = 2.00 (mark)

O 53.33 16 = 3.33 (mark) 3.33 3.33 = 1.00 (mark) ..1mark ..1mark

hence the empirical formula of the compound is CH2O (Empirical formula)n = (molecular formula) (CH2O)n = 60 (12 + 2(1) + 16)n = 60 30n = 60 n =2 molecular formula of the compound is C2H4O2 b)i HSO4ii Mg3N2 iii HClO4 Hydrogentetraoxosulphate(VI) ion Magnesium nitride Tetraoxochlorate(VII) acid

1mark ................1mark 1mark 1mark 1mark

c) ) A primary standard is a compound of sufficient purity from which a standard solution can be prepared by direct weighing of a quantity of it, to dilute to give a specified volume of solution. .. 1mark ) Avogadros constant is the number of atoms in 12.0g of Carbon 12. OR Avogadros constant is the number of specified entities in one mole of any substance. ..1mark TOTAL: 15marks

Q4)a -

Vapourization chamber Ionization chamber Magnetic and electric fields The detector / recorder

1x4 = 4marks b)i In covalent bonding, electron pairs are shared between the atoms engaged in the bond formation. . 1mark Polarization of the bond is said to occur when the electron pair is pulled towards the more electronegative atom causing partial/slight separation of charges ...1mark Eg H Cl H + Cl ii) High electronegativity of the atom 1mark

iii) Polarization reduces the covalent character and induces ionic character into the covalent bond. 1mark c)i MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq) MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g) n(MnO2) = 1 .1mark n(Cl2) 1 n(Cl2) = n(MnO2) M(MnO2) = (1x 55) + (2 x 16) = 55 + 32 = 87gmol-1 n(MnO2) = 200g = 2.3mol 1mark. -1 87gmol n(Cl2) = 2.3mol .1mark V(Cl2) = n x Vm = 2.3mol x 22.4dm3mol-1 = 51.52dm3 ..1mark

ii) evaporation of the solution only reduces the volume of the solvent but not the amount of substance.

Hence initial amount n1 = final amount n2 But n = CV C1V1 = C2V2 C1 = 0.50moldm-3 V1 = 0.15m3 x 1000 = 150dm3 V2 = 0.10dm3 C2 = C1V1 (mark) V2 ) C2 = 0.50moldm-3 x 150dm3 0.10moldm-3 = 750moldm-3 )

1mark

concentration in moldm-3 P = CM . mark -3 = 750moldm x 58.5gmol-1 = 43,875gdm-3 1mark

TOTAL: 15marks