Group No. 3 Cortez, Jesseyriche Isaiahl B. Experiment No. 28 A Study of Reaction Rates: The Iodine Clock Reaction I.

Objectives

III-Magnesium 28 January 2013

The objectives of this experiment is to observe the effects of concentration and temperature on the reaction times of reactions. This includes the plotting of results on a graph. II. Equipment and Materials 2 test tubes 1 400-mL beaker 2 graduated cylinders (10 and 25 mL) 2 thermometers (-10C to 120C) 1 stopwatch 1 gas burner 2 10-mL pipettes 2 20-mL beakers 1 iron ring 1 iron stand 1 wire gauze ice distilled water 600 mL solution A (4.3g KIO3/L) 1 L solution B (0.2g Na2S2O5, 4g starch, and 5 mL 1 M H2SO4/L)

III. Procedure Part I: The Effect of Concentration Changes

Using a clean pipet, 10.0 mL of Solution A was added into a 20-mL beaker.

Using a clean pipet, 10.0 mL of Solution B was added into another 20-mL beaker.

Solution A was poured into the beaker containing Solution B, and poured back and forth three times.

The time it took for a reaction to take place was recorded.

Five other solutions were prepared by adding 9.0, 8.0, 7.0, 6.0, and 5.0 mL of solution A to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mL of water, respectively.

The mixing and observing were repeated for the five new solutions

Part II: The Effect of Temperature

Using a clean pipet, 10.0 mL of Solution A was added into a 20-mL beaker.

Using a clean pipet, 10.0 mL of Solution B was added into another 20-mL beaker.

Solution A was poured into the beaker containing Solution B, and poured back and forth three times.

The time it took for a reaction to take place was recorded.

Depending on the temperature given by the teacher, the chemicals were cooled/heated using an ice/hot water bath. (Cooled for our group)

Steps 1-4 were repeated for the cooled/heated chemicals a total of eight times.

IV. Data and Results I. The Effect of Concentration Changes Solution A H2O 10.0 mL 9.0 mL 8.0 mL 7.0 mL 6.0 mL 5.0 mL 0.0 mL 1.0 mL 2.0 mL 3.0 mL 4.0 mL 5.0 mL

Solution B 10.0 mL 10.0 mL 10.0 mL 10.0 mL 10.0 mL 10.0 mL

Concentration of Solution A in A + B 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25%

Time of Reaction (in s) 37.2 46.5 47.3 46.4 60.7 71.1

II. The Effect of Temperature Temperature 1 2 5oC 10oC 15oC 20oC Room Temp 35oC 40oC

Time of the reaction (in s) for trial number 3 4 5 6

171.00 83.00 62.00 64.00 40.70 38.80 27.83

160.00 80.00 60.00 48.20 36.54 33.40 25.40

140.00 93.00 60.00 50.30 34.57 41.50 27.28

-58.00 61.00 48.80 40.30 45.50 36.23

--63.00 42.06 40.30 45.50 36.23

--62.00 54.00 38.71 31.20 28.53

--64.00 58.10 30.68 37.60 27.57

--70.00 45.20 44.60 74.90 27.73

Average time of reaction (s) 157.00 78.50 62.64 51.00 38.05 38.89 28.63

IV. Discussion / Data Analysis Part I. 1. The concentration of KIO3 in Solution A is 0.02 M. Calculate the number of moles KIO3 in each mL of Solution A 0.02 M means 0.02 moles per liter. This leads to the equation: 0.02 moles x 1 liter = 2.0 x 10-5 moles per mL. liter 1000 mL 2. Calculate the initial molar concentration of KIO3 in each of the mixtures A plus B prepared in Concentration of Solution A 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 Concentration of KIO3 46.01 % 41.41 % 36.81 % 32.21 % 27.61 % 23.01 %

3. Why is it important to keep the total volume of 10 mL during the dilution of Solution A? It is important to keep the volume of the Solution A and its diluted variants constantly at 10 mL so that the results can be as accurate as possible. Changing the total volume of the Solution A mixtures will mess with the results, making them less accurate. 4. Plot the graph of the concentration-time data with time on the vertical axis (ordinate) and the concentration of the KIO3 on the horizontal axis (abscissa). See attached graphing paper. 5. What generalizations can you make concerning the effect of varying the concentration on the time of the reaction? The lower the concentration of Solution A, the higher the time it takes for a reaction to happen becomes. In the same line of reasoning, the higher the concentration, the lower the reaction time becomes. 6. How is the time of the reaction related to the rate of reaction? They are inversely proportional. The higher the time of reaction is, the lower the rate of reaction is. And in the same way, the lower the time of reaction is, the higher the rate of reaction is. Part II. 1. Plot a graph of the temperature-time data with temperature on the horizontal axis (abcissa) and time on the vertical axis (ordinate). See attached graphing paper. 2. What general relationship can you derive from the graph? The higher the temperature, the lower the time of reaction becomes. In the same way, the lower the temperature, the higher the time of reaction becomes.

3. Make a prediction on the time of the reaction at 0oC and at 50oC assuming that the other variables in the experiment are kept constant. I predict that the time of reaction at 50oC will be playing around the 20 s line, and the reaction time at 0oC will be playing around at the 3 minutes area, or the 180 s area. V. Conclusion

After the experiment, it can be concluded that temperature and concentration both affect the reaction times of solutions, albeit indirectly. VI. References Houston, P. (2006), Chemical Kinetics, Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics, Dover Publications, Mineoda, New York Brown, T.L., Burdge, J.R., Bursten, B.E., & Lemay, H.E. (2003). Chemistry: the central science ninth edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Baguio, S.S.M., & Vergara, L.F. (1995). Chemistry and technology laboratory manual. Quezon City: Marren Publishing House Inc. Chang, R. (1994). Chemistry fifth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.