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Feedback Connection Types Input Impedance of Feedback Circuits Output Impedance of Feedback Circuits Advantages of Feedback Circuits Practical Feedback Circuits
EE2603-12
+ Vs -
+
Vi
-
+
Vf
+
Vf
-
AVf =
V AV = o Vi
+ V o -
RL
Vo = AV Vi = AV (Vs Vf ) Vo (1 + AV V ) = AV Vs AVf = = AV Vs AV (V Vo )
V =
Vo
Vf
AV Vo = Vs 1 + AV V
Feedback is a voltage Vf=Vo is in series with source voltage Vs (=> Series feedback) If RL is shorted, Vo=Vf=0=no feedback (=> Voltage feedback)
If Vi < Vs (Vi = Vs Vf), negative series feedback is achieved
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Voltage-shunt feedback
Is If
Ii
V AR = o Ii
+ V o -
RL
R =
Vo
If
AR Vo = Is 1 + AR R
ARf =
Feedback is a current If=Vo is in parallel with source current Is (=> Shunt feedback) If RL is shorted, Vo=Vf=0=no feedback (=> Voltage feedback)
If Ii < Is (Ii = Is If), negative shunt feedback is achieved
EE2603-12 3
Current-series feedback
~ Vs
+ -
+
Vi
-
+
Vf
+
Vf
-
AGf =
AG =
Io Vi
Io RL Io
Io = AG Vi = AG (Vs Vf ) = AG Vs AG ( G Io )
G =
Vf
Io
Io (1 + AG G ) = AG Vs AGf =
AG Io = Vs 1 + AG G
Feedback is a voltage Vf=GIo is in series with source voltage Vs (=> Series feedback) If RL is short, Vf is still there (=> Current feedback)
If Vi < Vs (Vi = Vs Vf), negative series feedback is achieved
EE2603-12 4
Current-shunt feedback
Is If
Ii
I AI = o Ii
Io RL
Io = AI Ii = AI (Is If ) = AI Is AI ( I Io )
I =
Io
If
Io (1 + AI I ) = AI Is AIf =
AI Io = Is 1 + AI I
AIf =
Feedback is a current If=IIo is in parallel with source current Is (=> Shunt feedback) If RL is short, Vf is still there (=> Current feedback)
If Ii < Is (Ii = Is If), negative shunt feedback is achieved
EE2603-12 5
Rif
Ii
Ri
Vi
Vf
Ii = Vi Vs Vf Vs Vo Vs AVi = = = Ri Ri Ri Ri
Vs = Ri (1 + A) = Ri (1 + AV V ) = Ri (1 + AG G ) Ii
Since 1+A is always greater than 1, then Rif > Ri
Series feedback always increase the input impedance of the amplifiers
EE2603-12 6
Since 1+A is always greater than 1, then Rif < Ri
Shunt feedback always decrease the input impedance of the amplifiers
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R0
Thevenin's equivalent
Vs=0 rs=0
To find Ro, all V external sources V = f V should be replaced by their input Vf is in-phase with impedance
V then Vi = -Vf
Vo = AV Vi + IRo = AV ( Vf ) + IRo = AV ( V Vo ) + IRo Vo + AV (V Vo ) = IRo Rof = Vo Ro = I 1 + AV V
- - Vf +
Vi AVVi
R0 R0
R0f
+ V -
+ -
Since 1+AVV is always greater than 1, then Rof < Ro for voltage feedback circuits
Voltage feedback always decrease the output impedance of the amplifiers
EE2603-12 8
R0
R0 Vi
Thevenin's equivalent
+
-
-
Vf
AGVi
R0f
Vs=0 rs=0
R0
Vf I
+ V -
To find Ro, all external sources should be replaced by their input impedance
I = AG Vi + V V V = AG Vf + = AG ( G I ) + Ro Ro Ro
Apply V at the Since I is reversed, output and get I Vf is reversed then making the Vi = Vf external Vs = 0
G =
V V = I (1 + AG G ) Rof = = Ro (1 + AG G ) Ro I
Since 1+AGG is always greater than 1, then Rof > Ro for Current feedback circuits
Voltage feedback always decrease the output impedance of the amplifiers
EE2603-12 9
Example: Determine the Voltage gain = Avf , Input Impedance = Zif , Output Impedance = Zof for a voltage-series feedback circuit which has AV=-100, Ri=10k, Ro=20k for a feedback of : (a) = -0.1 and (b) = -0.5
(b) Series feedback Zif = Zi (1 + AV ) = 10k { + ( 100 ) ( 0.5)} = 510k Zi increased more 1
( a) Voltage feedback Zof = Zo 20k = = 0.392k Zo decreased more 1 + AV 1 + ( 100) ( 0.5)
EE2603-12
10
Increased Bandwidth
Gain
No feedback
With feedback
A0
Af 0
BW
BWf
Frequency
In case 1 <<A condition is not true, since Gain-Bandwidth product is constant for a given circuit, because the gain Af0 is smaller with no feedback A0 , then BWf is larger than that of BW without feedback.
EE2603-12
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EE2603-12
12
Voltage-Series Feedback
Feedback is a voltage Vf=Vo is in series with source voltage Vs (=> Series feedback) If Ro is shorted, Vo=Vf=0=no feedback (=> Voltage feedback)
RD CD VS + + Vi - - R1 + Ro Vo -
Vi + - + VS -
R1
+ R2 Vf -
Vo + Vf R2 - -
AV = AVf =
V R2 Vo and V = f = Vi Vo R1 + R2 AV Vo = = Vs 1 + AV V
R + R2 R 1 = = 1 = 1 + 1 V R2 R2
AVf
R + R2 1 + AV 1 R 2 R + R2 R 1 = = 1 = 1 + 1 (if 1 << AV V ) V R2 R2
AV
EE2603-12
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Example: What Feedback type is the given amplifier? Determine the Voltage gain = AVf of the given circuit. Take gm=4000S, Ro =10k , R1 =80k , R2=20k. RD =10k
VS
VDD RD CD + - + Vi - R1 +
Ro Vo + R2 Vf - -
Vf is in series with source voltage Vs and if Ro is shorted, Vo=Vf=0=no feedback. It is a Voltage-Series Feedback
RL = Ro // RD //( R1 + R2 ) = 10k // 10k // 100k = 4.76k AV = V = AVf = Vo = gmRL = 4000S 4.76k = 19.04 Vi Vo Vf = R2 20k = = 0.2 R1 + R2 20k + 80k
EE2603-12
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Voltage-Series Feedback
Feedback is a voltage Vf=Vo is in series with source voltage Vs (=> Series feedback) If RL is shorted, Vo=Vf=0=no feedback (=> Voltage feedback)
VCC RB RC
Ib hie VS RB Vi
hfe Ib
RC + R E Vf Vo
VS
+ -
+ Vi
- + R E Vf -
+ Vo -
AV = V = =
Vo 1
Vf
AV + V
AVf =
re RE + 1
Ro = hie Rof =
EE2603-12
hie hie Ro = = (1 + AG G ) 1 R 1 + ( RE ) 1 + E re re
15
Example: What Feedback type is the given amplifier? Determine the Voltage gain = AVf , Input Impedance = Rif , Output Impedance = Rof of the given circuit. Take hfe=100, hie=1k, RC =RE=2k. ro =100k
VCC RB RC
VS
- + - R E Vf R Rif - of
+ Vi
+ Vo -
RB//Rif
RE//Rof
Vf is in series with source voltage Vs and if Vo is shorted, Vf=0=no feedback. It is a Voltage-Series Feedback
hie = hfe re re = 1k = 10 100 (h I )R R 2000 V AV = o = fe b E = E = = 200 Vi hfe re Ib re 10 V = Vo Vf =1
Ri = hie = hfe re R Rif = Ri (1 + AV V ) = hfe re 1 + E = hfe re + hfe RE re = hie + hfe RE = 1k + 100 2k = 201k
Ro = hie Rof = hie hie Ro = = (1 + AG G ) 1 R 1 + ( RE ) 1 + E re re 1000 = = 4.98 2000 1 + 10
AVf =
EE2603-12
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Current-Series Feedback
Feedback is a voltage Vf=GIo is in series with source voltage Vs (=> Series feedback) If RL is short, Vf is still there (=> Current feedback)
VCC RB RC + Vo -
VS RB Ib Io hie hfe Ib Vi R E Vf
ro
RC
+ Vo -
VS
+ -
+ Vi
- + R E Vf -
Rof
AG = G = AGf
1 AG Io re 1 = = = = Vs 1 + AG G 1 + 1 ( RE ) re + RE r
17
Example: What Feedback type is the given amplifier? Determine the Conductance gain = AGf , Voltage gain = Avf , Input Impedance = Rif , Output Impedance = Rof of the given circuit. Take hfe=100, hie=1k, RC =RE=2k. ro =100k
VCC RB RC + Vo -
VS
Risf
Vf is in series with source voltage Vs and if Vo is shorted, Vf feedback is still there It is a Current-Series Feedback
hie = hfe re re = 1k = 10 100 hfe Ib I 1 AG = o = = (hfe re )Ib re = 0.1 Vi G = Vf Io = hfe IbRE hfe Ib = RE = 2000
Ri = hie = hfe re 1 Rif = Ri (1 + AG G ) = hfe re 1 + ( RE ) re = hfe re + hfe RE = hie + hfe RE = 1k + 100 2k = 201k
Ro = ro = 100k 1 Rof = ro (1 + AG G ) = ro 1 + ( RE ) re R 2000 = ro 1 + E = 100k 1 + = 20M re 10 18
- + - R E Vf Rif -
+ Vi
Rof
RC//Rof
AGf =
AVf =
V V I 1 = o = o o = RC Vs Io Vs re + RE
EE2603-12
Voltage-Shunt Feedback
Feedback is a current If=Vo is in parallel with source current Is (=> Shunt feedback) If Vo is shorted, If=0=no feedback (=> Voltage feedback)
If R0 R1 VS IS
Ii=0
If R 0 IS
+Vo
VS/R1
R1
Ii=0
+Vo
AVf =
R0 1 = R0 = R1 R1
Vo Is 1 = AVR Is Vi R1
AR = R =
Vo
If
Vo = Ii = 1 R0
ARf =
AR Vo 1 = = = R0 Is 1 + AR R R
EE2603-12
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RD Vo
Vs/Rs=Is=Ii Ii Rs
RF If=0 + Vi -
RD
Vo
RF Vs/Rs=Is Is Is Rs If Ii + Vi -
RD
Vo
Rof Rof//RD
Ri
Rif
V V no feedback If = 0, AV = o = o = gmRD Vi Rs Ii
Ri = =
Vi Rs = Rs Rif = (1 + AR R ) Ii Rs =
1 1 + ( gmRDRs ) R F
RF + (gmRDRs )
gmRDRs RF
Rs RF
to find AVf =
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