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10/27/2011

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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 1
BEAM BEAM BEAM BEAM - -- - COLUMS COLUMS COLUMS COLUMS
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 2
While many structural members can be
treated as either axially loaded columns or
beams with only flexural loading, most
beams and columns are subjected to some
degree of both bending and axial load.
INTERACTION FORMULAS
0 . 1
resistance
effects load
0 . 1

or
R
Q
n
i i

10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 3
If both bending and axial compression are acting,
the interaction formula would be
0 . 1

n b
u
n c
u
M
M
P
P
P
u
= factorial axial cimpressive load

c
P
n
= compressive design strength
M
u
= factored bending moment

b
M
n
= design moment
For biaxial bending, there will be two bending ratios :
0 . 1
|
|

\
|

ny b
uy
nx b
ux
n c
u
M
M
M
M
P
P

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 4
The beam colum in Figure (2) is pinned at both ends and
subjected to the factored loads shown. Bending is about
the strong axis. Determine whether this member satisfies
Equation (2)
10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 5
As we will see shortly, the AISC requirements for
beam-columns are based on interaction equation
similar to Equation, but there is a difference. It is
important to realize that a member satisfying
Equation may or may not satisfy the AISC
requirements. This example is merely an
illustration of how interaction formulas work.
From the Column Load Tables, the axial
compressive design strength of a W8x58 of A36
steel with an effective length of K
y
L = 1.0 x 17 =
17 feet is

c
P
n
= 318 kips
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 6
Since bending is about the strong axis, the design
moment
b
M
n
for C
b
= 1.0 can be obtained from the
beamdesign charts in Part 3 of the manual.
For unbraced length L
b
= 17 ft,

b
M
n
= 151.5 ft-kips
For the end conditons and lading of this problem,
C
b
= 1.32 (Figure) For C
b
= 1.32

b
M
n
= 1.32 (151.5) = 200 ft-kips
10/27/2011
4
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 7
But this is larger than
b
M
p
= 161.5 ft-kips (also
obtained from the beam design charts), so also
the design moments must be limited to
b
M
p

b
M
n
= 161.5 ft-kips
The maximum bending moment occurs at midheight :
kips ft M
u
= = 5 . 59
4
) 17 ( 14
Equation
(OK) 1.0 0.919
5 . 161
5 . 59
318
175
= + =

n b
u
n c
u
M
M
P
P
Answer : This member satisfies Equation
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 8
Equation is the basis for the AISC formulas for
members subject to bending plus axial compressive
load. Two formulas are given in the Specification :
one for small axial load and
one for large axial load.
If the axial load is small, the axial load term is reduced.
For large axial load, the bending term is slightly
reduced.
The AISC requirements are given in Chapter H,
Members Under Combined Forces and Torsion, and
can be summarized as follows :
10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 9
1.0
M
M
M
M
P 2
P
0.2
P
P
For
1.0
M
M
M
M
9
8
P
P
0.2
P
P
For
ny b
uy
nx b
ux
n c
u
n c
u
ny b
uy
nx b
ux
n c
u
n c
u

|
|

\
|

|
|

\
|

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 10
WEB LOCAL BUCKLING
IN BEAM-COLUMNS
10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 11
The determination of the design moment requires
that the cross section bechecked for compactness.
The web is compact for all tabulated shapes as long as
there is no axial load. In the presence of axial load, this
may not be the case. Using the notation = h/t
w
,
If
p pp p
, , , , the shape is compact
If
p
<
r
, the shape is noncompact
If >
r rr r
, the shape is slender
Batasan h/t
w
Berdasar SNI 03-1729-2002 tabel 7.5-1 :
Untuk 125 , 0
y b
u
P
P
(
(

y b
u
y
P
P
f
75 , 2
1
1680
Untuk
125 , 0 >
y b
u
P
P


p
=
y y b
u
y
f P
P
f
665
33 , 2
500

(
(

Untuk setiap harga


y b
u
P
P


r
=
(
(

y b
u
y
P
P
f
74 , 0
1
2550

p
=
dimana Py = Ag fy = beban aksial yang dibutuhkan untuk
mencapai batas leleh.
Berdasar AISC B5 tabel B5.1 :
Untuk
125 , 0
y b
u
P
P
(
(

y b
u
y
P
P
f
75 , 2
1
640
Untuk
125 , 0 >
y b
u
P
P


p
=
y y b
u
y
f P
P
f
253
33 , 2
191

(
(

Untuk setiap harga


y b
u
P
P


r
=
(
(

y b
u
y
P
P
f
74 , 0
1
970

p
=
10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 13
A W12x65 of A36 steel is subjected to a bending
moment and a factored axial load of 300 kips. Check the
web for compactness .
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 14
This shape is compact for any value of axial load
since there is no footnote in the Column Load table to
indicate otherwise. For illustration, however, the web
width-thickness ratio will be checked.
74 . 58
74 . 58 17 . 42
36
253 253
74 . 58 ) 4848 . 0 33 . 2 (
36
191
33 . 2
191

(OK) 0.125 0.484
) 36 )( 1 . 19 ( 90 . 0
300
) (
p
=
= =
= =
|
|

\
|

=
= =

p
y
y b
u
y
y g b
u
y b
u
F
P
P
F
F A
P
P
P

10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 15
From the Dimensions and properties tables,
p
w
t
h
= = 9 . 24
The web is therefore compact.
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 16
BRACED VERSUS
UNBRACED FRAMES
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Berapa besar Mu ?
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 18
M
u
= B
1
M
nt
+ B
2
M
lt
M
nt
= maximum moment assuming that no sidesway occurs, whether the
frame is actually braced or not (the subscript nt is for no
translation)
M
lt
= maximum moment caused by sidesway (the subscript lt is for
lateral translation). This moment can be caused by lateral loads or
by unbalanced gravity loads. Gravity loads can produce sidesway
if the frame is unsymmetrical or if the gravity loads are
unsymmetrically placed. M
lt
= 0 if the frame is actually braced
B
1
= amplification factor for the moments occuring in the member when
it is braced againts sidesway.
B
2
= amplification factor for the moments resulting from sidesway.
The evaluations of B
1
and B
2
will be covered in the following sections.
10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 19
MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES MEMBERS IN BRACED FRAMES
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 20
P

a
b
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 21

a
M
0
M
0
M
0
P
u

M
0
+Pu
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 22
M
1
M
2
P
u
P
u
M
2
M
1
10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 23
The maximum moment in a beam-column therefore
depends on the distribution of bending moment
within the member. This is accounted for by a factor C
m
applied to the amplification factor B
1
. since the
amplification factor given by Expression was derived for
the worst case, C
m
will never be greater than 1.0. the final
form of the amplification factor is
2
2
2 1
1
1
) / (
1
) / 1 (
r KL
EA F A
P
where
P P
C
B
g
c
y g
e
e u
m

= =

=
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 24
When computing P
e1
use KL/r for the axis of bending
and an effective length factor K less than or equal to
1.0 (corresponding to the braced condition).
10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 25
Faktor Cm hanya
diaplikasikan pada
kondisi berpengaku
(braced condition).
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 26
Evaluation of C
m
The factor C
m
applies only to the braced condition.
There are two categories of members : those with
transverse loads applied between the ends and those
with no transverse loads. Figure illustrate these two
cases (member AB is the beam-column under
consideration)
1. If there are no transverse loads acting on the member,
|
|

\
|
=
2
1
4 . 0 6 . 0
M
M
C
m
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 27
M
1
/M
2
is a ratio of the bending moments at the ends
of the member. M
1
is the end moment that is smaller
in absolute value, M
2
is the larger, and the ratio is
positive for members bent in reverse curvature and
negative for single-curvature bending (Figure).
Reverse curvature (a positive ratio) occurs when M
1
and M
2
are both clockwise or both counter clockwise.

a
M
0
M
0
M
0
P
u

M
0
+Pu
M
1
M
2
P
u
P
u
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 28
2. For transversely loaded members, C
m
can be taken as 0.85 if the ends are restrained
againts rotation and 1.0 if the ends are
unrestrained againts rotation (pinned). End
restraint will usually result from the stiffness of
members connected to the beam-column. The
pinned end condition is the one used in the
derivation of the amplification factor, hence; there
is no reduction for this case, and this
corresponds to C
m
= 1.0. although the actual end
condition may lie between full fixty and a
frictionless pin, use of one of the two values
given here will give satisfactory results.
10/27/2011
15
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 29
The member shown in Figure is part of a braced
frame. The given load and moments have been
computed with factored loads, and bending is
about the strong axis. If A36 steel is used, is this
member adequate? K
x
L = K
y
L = 14 feet.
300 k
300 k
50 -k
60 -k
14
W12x65
52,5 -k
50 -k
55,0 -k
57,5 -k
60 -k
A
B
C
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 30
Determine which interaction formula to apply :
maximum
63 . 55
02 . 3
) 12 ( 14
= = =
y
y
r
L K
r
KL
From AISC Table 3-36 (AISC- Hal 6-147),
c
F
cr
= 26.00 ksi
2 . 0 6041 . 0
6 . 496
300
6 . 496 ) 00 . 26 ( 1 . 19 ) (
= =

= = =
n c
u
cr c g n c
P
P
kips F A P
10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 31
In the plane of bending,
1.0 use
1.0 0.988
) 5399 / 300 1 (
9333 . 0
) / 1 (
9333 . 0
60
50
4 . 0 6 . 0
kips 5399
) 82 . 31 (
) 1 . 19 )( 000 , 29 (
) / (
28 . 31
28 . 5
) 12 ( 14
1
1
2
2
2
2
2 1

=
= |

\
|
=
= = = =
= = =
e u
m
m
x x
g
c
y g
e
x
x
P P
C
B
C
r L K
EA F A
P
r
L K
r
KL

Moment strength :
For the Beam Design charts, with C
b
= 1.0 and L
b
= 14 feet,

b
M
n
= 257 ft-kips
For the actual value of C
b
, refer to the moment diagram shown in Figure
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 32
kips ft 261 M use
kips ft 275 charts) (from kips ft 261 M But
275 ) 257 ( 07 . 1 ) 257 (
07 . 1
) 5 . 57 ( 3 ) 0 . 55 ( 4 ) 5 . 2 ( 3 ) 60 ( 5 . 2
) 60 ( 5 . 12
3 4 3 5 . 2
5 . 12
n b
p b
max
max
=
=
= = =
=
+ + +
=
+ + +
=
kips ft C M
M M M M
M
C
b n b
C B A
b
Factored load moment : M
nt
= 60 ft-kips, M
lt
= 0
From AISC Equation
M
u
= B
1
M
nt
+ B
2
M
lt
= 1.0(60) + 0 = 60 ft-kips = M
ux
AISC Equation
(OK) 1.0 0.808
261
60
9
8
6041 . 0
9
8
=
|

\
|
+ =
|
|

\
|

ny b
uy
nx b
ux
n c
u
M
M
M
M
P
P
This member is satisfactory
10/27/2011
17
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 33
The horizontal beam-column in Figure is subjected
to the service live lods shown. This member is
laterally braced at it ends, and bending is about
the x-axis. Check for compliance with the AISC
Specification.
20 k
20 k
20 k
W 8x35
5 5
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 34
Factored loads and moments :
P
u
= 1.6(20) = 32.0 kips
The maximum moments is
kips ft
x x
M
nt
= + = 52 . 80
8
) 10 )( 035 . 0 2 . 1 (
4
) 10 )( 20 6 . 1 (
2
Since this member is braced againts end translation, M
lt
= 0
10/27/2011
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By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 35
Moment amplification factor :
For a member braced againts sidesway, transverely
loaded, and with unrestrained ends, C
m
can be taken as
1.0/ A more accurate value from AISC Commentary
Table C-C1,1, is
1
2 . 0 1
e
u
m
P
P
C =
For the axis of bending
9975 . 0
2522
0 . 32
2 . 0 1
2522
) 19 . 34 (
) 3 . 10 )( 000 , 29 (
) / (
19 . 34
51 . 3
) 12 )( 10 ( 0 . 1
2
2
2
2
1
= |

\
|
=
= = =
= = =
m
g
e
x
x
C
kips
r KL
EA
P
r
L K
r
KL

By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 36
The amplification factor is
0 . 1 010 . 1
2522
0 . 32
1
9975 . 0
1
1
1
=

=
e
u
m
P
P
C
B
For the axis of bending
M
u
= B
1
M
nt
+ B
2
M
lt
= 1.010(80.52) + 0 = 81.33 ft-kips
10/27/2011
19
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 37
From the Columns Loads Tables in Part 3 of the manual,
KL = 10 ft , fy= 36 ksi profil W 8x35 ,
c
P
n
= 262 kips
From the Beam Design charts in Part 3 of the manual,
for L
b
= 10 ft and C
b
= 1.0,

b
M
n
= 91.8 ft-kips
By.Ir.Sugeng P Budio,MSc 38
Since the beam weight is very small in relation
to the concentrated live load, C
b
may be taken
from Figure as . This results in a design moment
of

b
M
n
= 1.32 (91.8) = 121 ft-kips
This greater than
b
M
p
= 93.6 ft-kips, also taken from
the Beam Design charts, so the design strength must
be limited to this value ;

b
M
n
= 93.6 ft-kips
Interaction Formula :
(OK) 1.0 0.930
0
6 . 93
33 . 81
2
1221 . 0
2
P
Equation AISC use
2 . 0 1221 . 0
262
0 . 32
c
u
=
|

\
|
+ + =
|
|

\
|

= =

ny b
uy
nx b
ux
n
n c
u
M
M
M
M
P
P
P
Answer : A W8x35 is adequate

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