AC VOLTAGE PROFILE

EDSA MICRO CORPORATION

16870 West Bernardo Drive, Suite 330 San Diego, CA 92127 U.S.A.

Copyright 2007 All Rights Reserved

Version 5.00.00

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Table of Contents Capabilities, Functions and Features........................................................................................ 1 AC Voltage Profiles...................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 1 How To Create A Voltage Profile Job ................................................................................... 3 How To Run A Voltage Profile Job...................................................................................... 14 Voltage Profile Results .............................................................................................................. 17

Note: You can view this manual on your CD as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file. The file name is:

AC Voltage Profile

ACVP.pdf

You will find the Test/Job files used in this tutorial in the following location:
C:\EDSAT2K\Samples\ACVoltProf Test Files: Vprof VP1 = AC Voltage Profile

Copyright 2001 All Rights Reserved

AC Voltage Profile
Capabilities, Functions and Features Uses the Advanced Powerflow Engine to Simulate Power Systems Loads Defined in Multiple Time Periods Simulate AC Transit Systems (e.g. Trains Systems, Metro Systems) Simulate Train Regeneration State Simulate Moving/Variable Loads User-Defined Time and Load Type in each Period Simulation of Plant Start-Up and Shut Down Process Simulate Motor Starting Process Time Period is Definable in Minutes or Seconds Evenly Spaced Time Step or User-Defined Time Step Supported Load Types are: Constant kVA, Constant Current, Constant Impedance or Exponential function of Voltage for Each Time Step User-Defined Load/Train Position at Each Time Step Comprehensive Reporting, Text Output as Well as Graphical Display of Results Complete System Report at Each Time Interval

AC Voltage Profiles Introduction AC Voltage Profile Program extends the Object Oriented Load Flow program to simulate power systems with multiple time periods. The time and the load type and values in each period are user definable. The program can be used in simulation of plant start-up and shut down process, exact motor starting process, ac transit systems and other multi-periodS processes. The program in its present version is able to model up to 24 time periods in each job file. A time period is definable in minutes or seconds. This section illustrates how to create and run AC Voltage Profile jobs, assuming that the users are familiar with the EDSA Object Oriented Load Flow program. A sample voltage profile job is created and used for this illustration. The voltage profile program includes Motor Starting Bus and Transit System node types, in addition to all the node types available in the Load Flow program. The available branch types in the voltage profile program are the same as those in the Load Flow program. The following screen shows the node types available in the voltage profile program:

AC Voltage Profile

AC Voltage Profile
How To Create A Voltage Profile Job 1. Create a new job file.

Select File

New.

Select Electrical One-Line Industrial.axt, then click

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Type vp1 in the file name field. The extension of this file is EPR. Click

2.

Build Master File.

Enter up to seven lines project information. Enter Project Number then click Network Settings.

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Enter Base KVA and Network Frequency. Select Units Type and Default Data Input Method unit. Select LF in Temperature in use and enter the LF Reference Temperature. Click Visibility.

Check View Voltage Profile and click

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Click Time Periods.

Select Time Units. Enter Number of Periods, (which can be up to 24). If the time periods are evenly spaced, check Evenly Spaced and enter the total time. Otherwise, leave Evenly Spaced unchecked and . enter the time for each period. Click 6

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3. 3.1

Build a drawing using the bus and branch specifications as follow: For a Swing Bus, each period can have different Actual Voltages. This also applies to a UPS SOURCE bus.

Enter Bus Label and System/Nominal voltage. Select S-Swing Bus for Load Characteristic. Select Voltage Units. Click Profile.

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Enter actual L-L voltage for each period. Click 3.2

For a Constant KVA Bus, period loads can be defined. This also applies to Constant Current and Constant Impedance buses.

Click Profile.

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Enter load KW and KVAR values for each period and click 3.3

For a Motor Starting Bus, period load types and values can be defined. Users can define the detailed motor behavior under starting condition in up to 24 time periods for precise motor starting simulation.

Select M Motor Starting Bus from Custom. Enter Rated Voltage. Click OK.

AC Voltage Profile

Enter load KW and KVAR for each period. Motor can be defined as different load type in each period for precise representation.

3.4

For a Transit System Bus, period load types and values, the train feeder impedance and the train positions need to be defined.

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Enter Bus Label and System Voltage. Select TTransit System from Custom. Enter Rated Voltage. Click OK.

Enter load type, KW, KVAR and the train position, which is the percentage distance to the From-station. A train-load can be negative when it is in type L or I, as shown in the 9 period of the above picture. A

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negative load is equal to a source power. This simulates a train regeneration situation when the train is in . its breaking stage. Click

3.5

Train Feeders.

Train feeders are the feeders connecting a train bus to train stations. The impedances of the train feeders will be modified in the program according to the total feeder impedance and the position of the train defined in the train bus editor. The impedance values of train feeders defined in the branch editor are not important or do not affect the simulation results. For the given example, the impedances of the following train feeders do not affect the simulation results.

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4. The ECAD one-line diagram of the example is as follows:

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How To Run A Voltage Profile Job 1. Select Analysis capture. Load Flow AC Voltage Profile as shown in the following screen -

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2.

Open the job file from AC Voltage Profile Program menu if the file has not been automatically copied from the ECAD menu. Click the symbol to run the voltage profile.

Choose a Load Flow method and click

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Load flow convergence information is shown. Click Done. 3. Select Results. There will be three options: VProfile Text, VProfile Graphic and LF Details. These three options provide complete output reports in various formats.

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The Load Flow results can also be viewed through clicking Browser as follows:

Voltage Profile Results 1. Text Result Report

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Select Results

VProfile Text.

Double click a single bus to show the single bus voltage profile result. Click bus voltage profile results.

to show all the

The following are voltage profile results for the UTILITY bus shown in the Generator box and for the 0001 bus shown in the NCtrBus (non-contributing bus). The period KVAs for 0001 bus are zero, as this is a non-contributing bus.
Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP. EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00 Page 1 10/13/2001 05:22:57 pm Date:

Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1 Checked by:

Bus Load Summary ================

Period

Total Time (min)

KVA (pu)

Voltage (pu)

----------------------------------Bus 0001 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 4 6 10 14 24 34 39 44 Bus CONST_P 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 4 6 10 14 24 34 39 44

2.24 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.97 1.90 1.84 1.77 1.71 1.64

0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01

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Bus MOTOR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 4 6 10 14 24 34 39 44 0.00 2.41 2.39 0.43 0.43 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01

Bus STATION1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 4 6 10 14 24 34 39 44

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01

Bus STATION2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 4 6 10 14 24 34 39 44

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01

Bus TRAIN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 4 6 10 14 24 34 39 44

3.61 2.24 1.10 1.10 0.77 0.77 0.81 0.50 0.28 0.00

0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01

Bus UTILITY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 4 6 10 14 24 34 39 44

5.89 4.44 5.64 5.55 3.19 3.11 3.10 2.68 2.08 2.11

1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.02

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2. Graphic Result Report

Select Results

VProfile Graphic.

Click any desired bus to graphically show the bus voltage profile.

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The graphics for the CONST_P, TRAIN and MSTART buses are shown as follows:

The train bus voltage decreases due to the voltage drop on the From side train feeder. The voltage increases in period 9, due to regeneration of the train in this period.

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3.

Detailed Object Oriented Load Flow Result Report

The detailed Object Oriented Load Flow result report for every period is also available in the voltage profile program.

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Select Results

LF Details.

Put number 5 and click

to examine the detailed Object Oriented Load Flow results of period 5.

. The detailed Load Flow output format is the same as Check the desired options and click the T&D Load Flow Output of the Load Flow program.

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Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP. EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00 Page 1 10/13/2001 05:24:18 pm Date:

Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1 Checked by:

AC Voltage Profile Exemple 1 VP1

System Information ==================

Base KVA Frequency Unit System MaxIterations Error Tolerance # # # # # # # # # # # # # # of of of of of of of of of of of of of of Nodes entered Total Buses/Nodes Swing Buses Generators Branches entered Total Branches Transformers Reactors C.B. Active sources Inactive sources Active loads Inactive loads Open Switches

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

100 (kva) 60 (HZ) U.S. Standard 20 0 (kva), 0.000100 (pu), 7 7 1 0 6 6 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

0.0100 (%)

Convergence Information =======================

Load Flow Converged ! Iteration: 0

Bus STATION2

Max Power Mismatches dPmax Bus 0.000003 STATION2 0.000260

dQmax 0.000001 (PU) 0.000148 (KVA)

Summary of Total Generation and Demand ======================================

P(KW) Swing Bus(es): Generators : Total Load Total Loss Mismatch : : : 286.840 0.000 285.368 1.472 ----------0.001

Q(KVAR) 138.600 0.000 137.472 1.128 ---------0.000

S(KVA) 318.570 0.000 316.754

PF(%) 90.0 0.0 90.1

Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP. EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00 Page 3 10/13/2001 05:24:18 pm Date:

Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1 Checked by:

Bus Data ======== # Bus Label V Mag(V) Ang(deg) S N 472.000 480.000 0 0 P (KW) 0 0.000 Q (KVAR) 0 0.000 C (KVAR)

1 UTILITY 2 0001

My Utility

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3 4 5 6 7 CONST_P MOTOR STATION1 STATION2 TRAIN Const_P Motor Station 1 Station 2 Train L M N N T 480.000 480.000 480.000 480.000 480.000 0 0 0 0 0 -180 -80 -40 -20 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -70 -40 -------- -------- -------0.000 0 0.000 -290 -140

Total Generating Sources Total Bus Loads

Swing & Generator Buses BUS Label V (Volts) UTILITY My Utility S 472.000 V,QMax V,QMin

(PU,KVAR)

Branch Data =========== Feeder YShunt as: 1/2 branch Y # From To Code/Label R (Ohms) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 X (Ohms) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 B/2 (Mhos) Tap (PU)

1 2 3 4 5 6

STATION1 TRAIN 0001 0001 0001 UTILITY

TRAIN STATION2 CONST_P MOTOR STATION1 0001

Rail Rail 250 250 250 250

Transformer Data ================ Bus ID Sec. Code/Label Tert. Pri. Tap Sec.

Pri.

Tert.

Bus Voltage Results ===================

# BUS

Label

V DROP (VOLTS) (%) S N L M N N T 472.000 470.163 469.028 469.914 469.710 469.710 469.710 1.67 2.05 2.29 2.10 2.14 2.14 2.14

ANG (DEG) 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

P (KW) 287 0.000 -180 -38 0.000 0.000 -67

Q (KVAR) 139 0.000 -80 -19 0.000 0.000 -38

PF (%) 90 91 89

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

UTILITY 0001 CONST_P MOTOR STATION1 STATION2 TRAIN

My Utility Const_P Motor Station 1 Station 2 Train

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Voltage Violation Report ======================== BUS Label Bus Voltage UpperLim LowerLim (volts) (pu) (%) (%) No voltage violations found!

Branch Power Flow Values ======================== # From -> To Code/Label P (KW) 67 0.000 180 38 67 287 Q (KVAR) 38 0.000 80 19 38 139 T-KVA (KVA)

1 2 3 4 5 6

STATION1 TRAIN 0001 0001 0001 UTILITY

TRAIN STATION2 CONST_P MOTOR STATION1 0001

Rail Rail 250 250 250 250

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To

->

From

Code/Label

P (KW) -67 0.000 -180 -38 -67 -286

Q (KVAR) -38 0.000 -80 -19 -38 -138

Loss (KW) (KVAR) 0.000 0.000 0.389 0.018 0.060 1 0.000 0.000 0.298 0.014 0.046 0.770

1 2 3 4 5 6

TRAIN STATION2 CONST_P MOTOR STATION1 0001

STATION1 TRAIN 0001 0001 0001 UTILITY

Rail Rail 250 250 250 250

Branch Current Flow Values ========================== # From To Code/Label CURRENT (A) 94.895 0.000 242.469 52.661 94.895 389.675 ANGLE (Deg) -30 -150 -24 -27 -30 -26 AMPACITY F-LOADING (A) (%) 132.000 132.000 255.000 255.000 255.000 255.000 72% 0% 95% 21% 37% 153%

1 2 3 4 5 6

STATION1 TRAIN 0001 0001 0001 UTILITY

TRAIN STATION2 CONST_P MOTOR STATION1 0001

Rail Rail 250 250 250 250

Line Current Loading Violations =============================== From To Code/Label Current (A) 0 53 95 390 Ampacity Loading Over (A) (%) (%) 132 255 255 255 0% 21% 37% 153% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Under (%) 50.0% under 50.0% under 50.0% under 50.0% over

TRAIN 0001 0001 UTILITY

STATION2 Rail MOTOR 250 STATION1 250 0001 250

Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP. EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00 Page 12 10/13/2001 05:24:18 pm Date:

Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1 Checked by:

Transformer Loading =================== # Pri. Sec. Tert. Code/Label T-KVA (KVA) T-loading (KVA) Loading (%)

Transformer Loading Violations ============================== # Pri. Sec. Tert. T-KVA (KVA) T-loading Loading (KVA) (%) OverLim (%) UnderLim (%)

No Xfr violations found!

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4. Browse Buses and Branches

Click the Browser.

Let us select period 5 and click

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Let us click Bus

All.

Click TRAIN and the train bus voltage and power flows are shown in the right box in the above picture. Every bus and branch can be browsed in either graphic or text format.

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