Kingdom Protista unicellular 1. Gymnamoeba parapodia, pseudopods; have macronucles: metabolism i. Amoeba 2. Ciliophora cilia, dimorphic i.

i. Vorticella spasmoneme stalk, ii. Didinium proboscis, contractile vacuole, macronucleus iii. Paramecium elongated, contractile vacuole, macronucleus and micronucleus: sexual reprodxn, oral groove, conjugation 3. Apicomplexa none; parasitic: apical complex to hook upon hosts i. Gregarina 4. Euglenozoa autotroph; photosynthetic, flagella i. Euglena stigma: photosensitive organelle 5. Radiolaria axopodia i. radiolarians crystal-shaped (silica) 6. Foraminifera granular reticulopodia (calcareous) i. forams reticulopodia comes out from pores Kingdom Animalia multicellular A. Phylum Porifera no true tissue organization - canal systems: asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid - ostia: water in, oscula: water out, spongocoel: cavity a. Class Calcarea calcareous spicules, asconoid, tetraxon i. Grantia, Leucosolenia b. Class Hexactinellida hexaxon, asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid i. Euplectella (Venus Flower Basket) c. Class Demospongiae leuconoid, with real spongin i. Spongia, Halichondria, Leiodermatium (Elephants Ears) B. Eumetazoans with true tissue organization a. Phylum Cnidaria Diploblastic (no mesoderm), nervous system: diffuse nerve net, excretory: none, digestive: inc., circ: GVC 1. Class Hydrozoa polyp-dominated - Hydra, Aglaopenia, Obelia, Physalia 2. Class Anthozoa no medusa - Acropora, Tubipora musica, Fungia, Lobophyton, Metridium 3. Class Scyphozoa saucer shaped medusa-dominated - Aurelia, Cassiopeia 4. Class Cubozoa cube shaped medusa-dominated - Chiropsalmus (box jellyfish) b. Triploblastic i. Phylum Platyhelminthes - Acoelomate (w/o coelom), excretory: protonephridial, digestive system: inc./none, circ. and resp.: none, nervous: ladder 1. Class Turbellaria free-living, no attachment organs - Dugesia auricles, eye spots, 2. Class Trematoda with attachment organs; w/ digestive system - Clonorchis(Chinese liver fluke)- hook-M, no hook - F, Schistosoma (blood fluke)- gynecophoric canal - males

3. Class Cestoda w/ attachment organs but no digestive organ - Taenia (tapeworm) ii. Coelomate (w/ coelom) 1. Phylum Nematoda - w/o mesodermal epithelial body covering (Pseudocoelomate); phasmids and amphids: chemosensory organs; excretory: renette cells, complete DS, no/inc. CS, ganglionic NS - Phasmidea w/ phasmids i. Ascaris - Aphasmidea w/o phasmids i. Trichuris, Trichinella 2. Eucoelomate w/ mesodermal epithelium body covering - Protostomate blastopore becomes anus i. Segmented 1. Phylum Annelida closed circulatory system, metanephridial excretory system a. Class Polychaeta w/ setae, no clitellum: Sabella, Eunice b. Class Clitellata i. Subclass Oligochaeta w/ setae, w/ clitellum: Pheretima ii. Subclass Hirudinea w/o setae, w/ clitellum: Limnotes 2. Phylum Arthropoda open circ. sys, malphigian tubules; coxal glands: excretory system a. Subphylum Chelicerata w/chelicerae, no antennae, pedipalps i. Class Merostomata book gills, mostly marine: Tachypleus ii. Class Arachnida spinnerets for spiders, book lungs: daddy long legs b. Subphylum Uniramia uniramous appendages i. Insecta 3 segments: butterfly ii. Chilopoda - 1 append. Per segment, >3 segments: Scolopendra iii. Diplopoda 2 append. Per segment, >3 segments: Spirobolus c. Subphylum Crustacea biramous appendages i. Malacostraca active: Pagurus, Scylla, Penaeus, Portunus ii. Maxillopoda sessile: Lepas, Balanus ii. Phylum Mollusca: Unsegmented, ganglionic NS, complete DS, metanephridia ES, 1. Polyplacophora 8 dorsal plates: Acanthozostera 2. Gastropoda with coiling/torsion: nudibranchs, Achatina, Conus, Cypraea, Haliotis 3. Scaphopoda w/o coiling: Dentallium

4. Bivalvia no radula: Perna, Kuphus, Placuna, Ostrea 5. Cephalopoda w/closed circ. system: Loligo, Nautilus, Octopus, Sepia Deuterostomate blastopore becomes mouth i. Bilateral 1. Phylum Hemichordata a. Dorsal hollow nerve cord b. Pharyngeal slits c. w/ stomochord i. Balanoglossus 2. Phylum Chordata a. Dorsal hollow nerve cord b. Notochord c. Pharyngeal slits d. Endostyle/Thyroid glands e. Post-anal tail i. Subphylum Urochordata - Pandocia ii. Subphylum Cephalochordata - Amphioxus iii. Subphylum Vertebrata a. Class Myxini no eyes: Myxine b. Class Cephalospidomorphi w/ eyes: Petromyzon c. Class Actinopterygii ray fins Oreochromis, Hippocampus d. Class Sarcopterygii lobe-fins Coelocanth e. Class Reptilia scutes, scales 3 heart chambers: Varanus, Gecko f. Class Amphibia slimy skin, 3 heart chambers: Rana, Necturus g. Class Aves feathers, 4 heart chambers: Passer, Pithecopaga h. Class Mammalia: Subclass Monotreme no placenta stage: Ornithorynchus, Echidna Subclass Marsupial short placenta stage: Macropus (Kangaroo) Subclass Placental long placenta stage: Bubalus, Rattus, Tarsis ii. Pentamerous 1. Phylum Echinodermata a. Echinoidea madreporite: aboral Echinodiscus, Echinometra b. Ophiuroidea madreporite oral side : brittle star c. Asteroidea madreporite and anus aboral side: Protoreaster, Acanthaster d. Holothuroidea madreporite internal: sea cucumber

e. Crinoidea no madreporite, anus and mouth upwards: Comanthus