sin

2
x + cos
2
x = 1
tan
2
x + 1 = sec
2
x
sin(2x) = 2 sinxcos x
cos(2x) = cos
2
x sin
2
x
y = arctanx x = tany
arctan(0) = 0
arctan(1) = /4
0 /6 /4 /3 /2
sin 0 1/2

2/2

3/2 1
cos 1

3/2

2/2 1/2 0
tan 0

3/3 1

3 DNE
f

(x) = lim
h0
f(x + h) f(x)
h
= lim
ax
f(a) f(x)
a x
, y = f(a) + f

(a)(x a)
. .
tangent line at x = a
d
dx
_
x
a
_
= ax
a1
,
d
dx
_
sinx
_
= cos x,
d
dx
_
cos x
_
= sinx,
d
dx
_
tanx
_
= sec
2
x
d
dx
_
sec x
_
= sec xtanx,
d
dx
_
arctanx
_
=
1
1 + x
2
,
d
dx
_
f(x)g(x)
_
= f

(x)g(x) + f(x)g

(x)
d
dx
_
f(x)
g(x)
_
=
f

(x)g(x) f(x)g

(x)
_
g(x)
_
2
,
d
dx
_
f
_
g(x)
__
= f

_
g(x)
_
g

(x)
Implicit
derivatives
_
_
_
* take derivative of both sides
w.r.t. x (dont forget y

terms)
* rearrange and solve for y

Related
rates
_

_
* nd relationship between the
quantities that are changing
* take derivative of both sides w.r.t t
* use known values to solve
f f

(a)x or f(x) L(x) = f(a) + f

(a)(x a)
. .
Linear approximation
f

(c) = 0 f

(c) = DNE
. .
critical points
_

_
f

> 0 f increasing
f

< 0 f decreasing
f

> 0 f concave up
f

< 0 f concave down

Global
min/max
_
_
_
* list endpoints and critical points
* plug all values into the function
* largest=max, smallest=min
f

(c) =
f(b) f(a)
b a
. .
f continuous and dierentiable
Mean Value Theorem
Applied
optimization
_

_
* express quantity we are optimizing
as a function of a single variable
* take derivative and nd critical pts.
* use rst/second derivative test
if f(x) g(x)
_
b
a
f(x) dx
_
b
a
g(x) dx
_
b
a
f(x) dx =
_
c
a
f(x) dx +
_
b
c
f(x) dx,
_
b
a
f(x) dx =
_
a
b
f(x) dx,
_
a
a
f(x) dx = 0
_
x
a
dx =
1
a + 1
x
a+1
+ C (a = 1),
_
sinxdx = cos x + C,
_
cos xdx = sinx + C
_
sec
2
xdx = tanx + C,
_
sec xtanxdx = sec x + C,
_
1
1 + x
2
dx = arctanx + C
_
f
_
g(x)
_
g

(x) dx
. .
u=g(x), du=g

(x) dx
=
_
f(u) du,
d
dx
__
h(x)
g(x)
f(u) du
_
= f
_
h(x)
_
h

(x) f
_
g(x)
_
g

(x)
average
value
=
1
b a
_
b
a
f(x) dx,
area when
f(x) g(x)
=
_
b
a
_
f(x) g(x)
_
dx
volume of
revolution
:
_
b
a
_
(f(x))
2
(g(x))
2
_
dx (x-axis) or 2
_
b
a
x
_
f(x) g(x)
_
dx (y-axis)