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Section A
[ 60 m ]
Answer all questions in this section.
1. Table 1 shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in atom P and atom
Q. P and Q are not the actual symbols of the atoms.
Atom
Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons
P
12
12
12
Q
17
18
17
Table 1
(a) (i) State the meaning of nucleon number.
_________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(ii) What are the two subatomic particles present in the nucleus of an atom?
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________
[2 m]
(iii) Draw the electron arrangement of ion Q.

[2 m]
(b) (i) Atom R is an isotope of atom Q. What is the number of protons in atom R.
_________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(ii) Given that atom Q and atom R has the same chemical properties. Give one reason.
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[1 m]
(c) (i) The melting point and boiling point of element Q are -101C and -34C respectively.
What is the physical state of element Q at room temperature?
_________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(ii) State the arrangement and movement of particles of element Q at room
temperature.
Arrangement of particles

Movement of particles
[2 m]

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2. Diagram 1 shows part of the Periodic Table of elements Q, R, S, T, U, V and W do not represent the
actual symbol of the elements.

Diagram 1
(a) Which of the following elements
(i) dissolves in water to produce an alkaline solution?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(ii) inerts to other chemical reaction?
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[1 m]
(b) State one observation when P reacts with water.
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(c) State one specific characteristic of element R.
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(d) Draw the Lewis structure when
(i) element T combines with element U to form a compound.

[1 m]
(ii) element Q combines with element U to form a compound.

[1 m]
(e) (i) Write the electron configuration of atom V.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(ii) What is the number of electrons when element V forms an V- ion.
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[1 m]

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(f) (i) Write the chemical equation when element S reacts with element U.
___________________________________________________________________________
[2 m]
(ii) State one main characteristic of the product formed between element S and element U.
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 m]

3. (a) Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up for the titration of 25.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide, NaOH solution with dilute sulphuric acid, H2SO4, using phenolphthalein as an indicator.

Diagram 2
The result are shown in Table 2.

Final reading (cm )

Initial reading (cm3)
Volume of acid used (cm3)
(i)

I
20.0
0.0
20.0

Burette readings
II
41.0
20.0

III
30.5
10.0

Table 2
State the type of reaction that occurs.
_________________________________________________________________
[1 m]

(ii)

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

_________________________________________________________________
[1 m]

(iii)

Calculate the average volume of sulphuric acid used in the reaction.

[1 m]

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(iv)

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Calculate the molarity of the sulphuric acid.

[2 m]
(b) Table 3 shows the concentration and pH values of two types of acid X and Y.
Acid
X
Y
Concentration (mol dm-3)
1.0
1.0
pH value
1
3
Table 3
Explain the difference in pH values.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[2 m]
(c) Acid X contains nitrate ion NO3 . Describe one confirmating test for nitrate ion, NO3 .
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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[2 m]

4. In an experiment to investigate the rate or reaction, 50.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate
solution and 5.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid are mixed. The sulphur formed is used to
measure the rate of reaction.
Na2S2O3 + 2HCl
2NaCl + H2O + S + SO2
(a) State the colour of sulphur.
_________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(b) The number of moles of solute is calculated using the formula, n=MV, where n= Number of
mol of solute (mol) , M= molarity of solution(mol dm-3) and V= volume of solution (dm3).
Calculate the number of moles of :
(i)
Sodium thiosulphate

[1 m]

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(ii)

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Hydrochloric acid

[1 m]
(c) Based on the answer in 3(b)(i) and 3(b)(ii), which reactant determines the quantity of
sulphur formed at the end of the reaction?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(d) Predict the effect on the rate of reaction if the hydrochloric acid in the experiment is
replaced by 5.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(e) Using the collision theory, explain how each of the factors below increases the rate of
reaction.
(i)
Concentration of sodium thiosulphate
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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 m]
(ii)
Temperature of the reactants
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[2 m]
5. Diagram 3 shows three structural formulae of compounds X, Y and Z.

Diagram 3
(a) Name the functional group of compound X.
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(b) Compound X can be converted to compound Y.
(i) State the name of the process which the conversion can be done.
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(ii) State one catalyst that are needed for the conversion.
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[1 m]
(c) Compound Y has another isomer.
(i) What is meant by isomer?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(ii) Draw the structural formula for the isomer of compound Y. State the IUPAC
name.

[2 m]
(d) Compound Z is a carboxylic acid.
(i) State the IUPAC name for the compound Z.
____________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(ii) Give one physical property of compound Z.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(iii) State how compound Z can be produced from compound Y.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(iv) Write chemical equation for the reaction when compound Z reacts with calcium
carbonate.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
6. Diagram 4 shows the energy level diagram of reaction between nitric acid and potassium
hydroxide.

Diagram 4
(a) State the type of chemical reaction.
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(b) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.

___________________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(c) In the experiment, 25.0 cm of 0.5 mol dm of nitric acid is added into 25.0 cm of 0.5 mol dm-3
potassium hydroxide solution.
[specific heat capacity of solution, c=4.2 Jg-1C-1]
(i) Calculate the number of moles of nitric acid.
3

-3

[1 m]
(ii) Calculate the amount of energy released.

[2 m]
(iii) Calculate the change of temperature.

[2 m]
(d) (i) Predict the change of temperature if the experiment is repated by using the same
volume and concentration of hydrochloric acid to replace nitric acid.
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 m]
(ii) Give the reason for your answer in 6(d)(i)
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[2 m]

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Section B
[20 m]
Answer any one questions from this section.
7. (a) Diagram 5 shows the arrangement of atoms in two different types of materials, P and
Q. Material Q is more suitable to make aeroplane body than material P.

Diagram 5
(i)

Name the types of material P and material Q.

[2 m]

(ii)

Explain, in terms of arrangement of atoms and the suitability of material Q to make

aeroplane body as compared to material P.
[4 m]

(b) Table 4 shows the uses of five different manufactured substances V, W, X, Y, and Z in
industry.
Manufactured substances
V
W
X
Y
Z

Uses
To make optical lenses
To build bridges and buildings
To make window panes for aeroplane
To make car engine blocks
To make electric cables with zero resistance
Table 4

Based on Table 7, name the substances V, W, X, Y and Z.

State the characteristics of each of the substances to support your answers.
[10 m]
(c) Polythene, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene are some examples of synthetic polymers.
What are their negative effects on the environment?
[4 m]

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8. (a) Diagram 6 shows a combustion of ethanol.

Diagram 6
(i)

State the meaning of alcohol. Draw the structural formula of ethanol.

[2 m]

(ii)

What can be observed from the experiment?

[3 m]

(iii)

State three uses of ethanol in our daily life.

[3 m]

(iv)

Give three effects of misuse the alcohol to human body.

[3 m]

(b) Common vinegar used in our daily life is ethanoic acid which has the molecular formula
of CH3COOH.
(i)

(ii)

Describe the reaction between the ethanoic acid with reactive metal, metal carbonate
and sodium hydroxide. Your description must include the chemical equation.
[8 m]
State one use of ethanoic acid in our daily life.
[1 m]

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Section C
[ 20 m ]
Answer any one question from this section.
9. Diagram 7 shows the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis of 0.1 mol dm-3 aqueous
solution of copper(II) sulphate solution.

Diagram 7
(a) (i) Write the half equation for the reaction at the anode.
[2 m]
(ii)State the type of reaction at anode.
[1 m]
(iii)Describe one test for the product.
[2 m]
(b) (i) Write the half equation for the reaction at the cathode.
[2 m]
(ii)What is the observation at the cathode?
[1 m]
(c) State any change in the intensity of blue colour of the electrolyte. Give a reason.
[2 m]
(d) Andy is given the task to electroplate an iron key with copper to prevent rusting. Plan
one laboratory experiment to electroplate the iron key. Your answer should include the
following :
A list of materials and apparatus
Procedure of experiment
A labeled diagram showing the apparatus set-up
The half equations for the reactions at anode and cathode
[10 m]

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10. (a) Diagram 8 shows two structural formulae of cleaning agents P and Q.

Diagram 8
(i)

State the meaning of hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Identify the hydrophilic and
hydrophobic part of cleaning agents P and Q.

(ii)

Explain how the cleaning action of the cleaning agents in removing the grease.

[4 m]
[4 m]
(iii)

What are the advantages and disadvantages between these two cleaning agents?
[4 m]

(b) By using suitable materials and apparatus, describe how you can prepare a sample of
soap in the laboratory.
[8 m]

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