VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
tolerar, soportar surgir, plantear despertarse

abide (abid) arise (aris) awake (auik)

abode (abud) arose (arus) awoke (auuk)

abode (abud) arisen (arsn) awoke (auuk)

INFINITIVE

2
beat (bit)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
ser, estar golpear, latir, batir llegar a ser comenzar doblarse, inclinarse apostar en algo atar, unir, ligar

be (bi) [am/are/is] beat (bit) become (bikm) begin (bigun) bend (bend) bet (bet) bind (bind)

was/were (us/ur)

been (bin) beaten (bitn) become (bikm) begun (bign) bent (bent) bet (bet) bound (bund)

became (bikim) began (bign) bent (bent) bet (bet) bound (bund)

bite (bit) bleed (bl:d) blow (blu) break (brik) breed (br:d) bring (bring) build (bilt) burn (bern)

bit (bit) bled (bled) blew (blu) broke (bruk) bred (bred) brought (brot) built (bilt) burnt (bernt)

bitten (btn) bled (bled) blown (blun) broken (brukn) bred (bred) brought (brot) built (bilt) burnt (bernt)

morder/se sangrar soplar, hacer sonar romper criar, reproducir/se traer construir quemar

buy (bi)

bought (bot)

bought (bot)

comprar

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
agarrar elegir venir costar arrastrar, deslizarse cortar

catch (kach) choose (chus) come (km) cost (kost) creep (kr:p) cut (kat)

caught (kot) chose (chos) came (kem) cost (kost) crept (krept) cut (kat)

caught (kot) chosen (chsn) come (km) cost (kost) crept (krept) cut (kat)

INFINITIVE

2
dealt (delt) dug (dag) did (dd) drew (dr)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
tratar, ocuparse cavar, excavar hacer dibujar, atraer beber conducir

deal (d:l) dig (dig) do (d) [does] draw (dr:) drink (drink) drive (driv)

dealt (delt) dug (dag) done (dn) drawn (drn) drunk (drank) driven (drvn)

drank (drnk) drove (druv)

INFINITIVE

2
ate (et)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
comer

eat (:t)

eaten (tn)

INFINITIVE

2
fell (fel) fed (fed) felt (felt)

PAST

PARTICIPLE
caer

ESPAOL

fall (fol) feed (f:d) feel (f:l) fight (fit) find (find) flee (fl:) fling (fln:) fly (fli) forget (forgut) freeze (fr:s)

fallen (flen) fed (fed) felt (felt) fought (f:t) found (fund) fled (fled) flung (flang) flown (fln) forgotten (forgtn) frozen (frusn)

alimentar sentir luchar, pelear encontrar escapar, huir arrojar, lanzar volar olvidar helar, congelar

fought (f:t) found (fand) fled (fled) flung (flang) flew (flu) forgot (forgt) froze (frus)

INFINITIVE

2
got (got)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
obtener, conseguir dar ir moler cultivar, crecer

get (gut) give (guv) go (gu) grind (grind) grow (gru)

got/gotten (got/gotn) given (guvn) gone (gn) ground (grund) grown (grn)

gave (guiv) went (unt) ground (grund) grew (gr)

INFINITIVE

2
had (jad)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
colgar tener, haber or ocultar, esconder golpear sostener, soportar

hang (jng) have (jev) [have/has] hear (jar) hide (jid) hit (jit) hold (juld)

hung (jng)

hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) hidden (jdn) hit (jit) held (jeld)

heard (jerd) hid (jid) hit (jit) held (jeld)

INFINITIVE

2
kept (kept) knelt (nelt) knew (ni)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
guardar, conservar arrodillarse saber, conocer

keep (k:p) kneel (n:l) know (nu)

kept (kept) knelt (nelt) known (nun)

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
hacer, fabricar significar encontrarse con

make (mik) mean (m:n) meet (m:t)

made (mid) meant (ment) met (met)

made (mid) meant (ment) met (met)

INFINITIVE

2
paid (ped) put (put)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
pagar poner, colocar

pay (pi) put (put)

paid (ped) put (put)

INFINITIVE

2
read (red) rode (rud) rang (reng) ran (ren)

PAST

PARTICIPLE
leer

ESPAOL

read (rid) ride (rid) ring (ring) run (ran)

read (red) ridden (rdn) rung (rang) run (ran)

cabalgar sonar correr

INFINITIVE

2
said (sed) saw (s:)

PAST

PARTICIPLE
decir ver

ESPAOL

say (si) see (s:) seek (s:k) sell (sel) send (send) shake (shik) shine (shin) shoot (sh:t) show (shu) shrink (shrink) shut (shat) sing (sing) sink (sink) sit (sit) slay (sli) sleep (slp)

said (sed) seen (sin) sought (sot) sold (suld) sent (sent) shaken (shikn) shone (shun) shot (shot) shown (shun) shrunk (shrank) shut (shat) sung (sang) sunk (sank) sat (sat) slain (slin) slept (slpt)

sought (sot) sold (suld) sent (sent) shook (shuk) shone (shun) shot (shot) showed (shud) shrank (shrenk) shut (shat) sang (seng) sank (senk) sat (sat) slew (sli) slept (slpt)

buscar vender enviar agitar, sacudir brillar, resplandecer pegar un tiro mostrar, demostrar encogerse (tamao) cerrar cantar hundir/se sentar/se asesinar dormir

slide (slid)

slid (slid)

slid (slid)

resbalar, deslizar

INFINITIVE

2
took (tul) taught (tot) tore (tor) told (told)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
tomar, llevar ensear rasgar, arrancar decir, contar

take (tik) teach (tch) tear (ta:) tell (tel)

taken (tikn) taught (tot) torn (torn) told (told)

think (zink) thrive (zriv) throw (zru) tread (tred)

thought (zot) throve (zruv) threw (zru) trod (trod)

thought (zot) thriven (zrvn) thrown (zrun) trodden (trden)

pensar, creer crecer, prosperar tirar, arrojar pisar, aplastar

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
entender, comprender comprometerse, emprender deshacer

understand (anderstnd) undertake (andertik) undo (and)

understood (anderstd) undertook (andertk) undid (andd)

understood (anderstd) undertaken (andertikn) undone (andn)

INFINITIVE

2
wore (ur)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL
despertarse vestir, usar (ropa) tejer

wake (uik) wear (uar) weave (wv)

woke (uuk)

woken (uukn) worn (urn) woven (wven)

wove (wov)

weep (w:p) win (un)

wept (wpt) won (un)

wept (wpt) won (un)

llorar ganar

wind (uind) withdraw (uizdr:) wring (ring) write (rit)

wound (uund) withdrew (uizdr) wrung (rang) wrote (rut)

wound (uund) withdrawn (uizdrm) wrung (rang) written (rtn)

serpentear, enrollar retirar/se, extraer retorcer, escurrir escribir

GROUP 1: INFINITIVE + / d /

Click on PLAY to listen

Verbs ending in voiced sound in the infinitive are followed by / d / in the past. Please, listen and repeat...

advise agree arrive believe burn call carry clean close change deliver

advised agreed arrived believed burned called carried cleaned closed changed delivered

aconsejar concordar llegar creer quemar llamar llevar limpiar cerrar cambiar entregar

live open play realize rain repair save share sign

lived opened played realized rained repaired saved shared signed

vivir abrir jugar darse cuenta llover reparar ahorrar, salvar compartir firmar

measure measured medir

perform performed desempear

die dry earn enjoy explain explore follow happen imagine listen

died dried earned enjoyed explained explored followed happened imagined listened

morir secar ganar ($) disfrutar explicar explorar seguir suceder imaginar escuchar

slam stay snow study try travel turn use worry

slammed stayed snowed studied tried travelled turned used worried

cerrar de golpe permanecer nevar estudiar tratar viajar girar usar preocuparse

interview interviewed entrevistar

whisper whispered susurrar

GROUP 2: INFINITIVE + / t /

Click on PLAY to listen

Verbs ending in voiceless sound in the infinitive are followed by / t / in the past. Please, listen and repeat...

ask bake cook dance dress drop escape finish

asked baked cooked danced dressed dropped escaped finished

preguntar hornear cocinar bailar vestirse dejar caer escapar terminar

laugh lock look miss pack press stop

laughed locked looked missed packed pressed stopped

reir cerrar con llave observar extraar empacar presionar fumar parar

smoke smoked

fix guess help hope hike joke jump

fixed guessed helped hoped hiked joked jumped

ajustar adivinar ayudar esperar ir a camina bromear saltar

shop talk type walk wash work

shopped talked typed walked washed worked

ir de compras conversar tipear caminar lavar trabajar

GROUP 3: INFINITIVE + / id /

Click on PLAY to listen

Verbs ending in / t / and / d / sounds in the infinitive are then followed by / id / in their past. Please, listen and repeat...

attend arrest collect count decide divide hunt invite invent land need paint

attended arrested collected counted decided divided hunted invited invented landed needed painted

asistir arrestar reunir contar decidir dividir cazar invitar inventar aterrizar necesitar pintar

print pretend protect provide repeat report respect rest start shout wait want

printed protected provided repeated reported respected rested started shouted waited wanted

imprimir proteger proveer repetir informar respetar descansar empezar gritar esperar querer

pretended fingir

sling (sling) smell (smel) speak (spik) spend (spend) spin (spin) stand (stand) steal (stl) stick (stik) sting (sting) stride (strid) strike (strik) strive (striv) swear (sua:) sweep (su:p) swell (sul) swim (sum)

slung (slang) smelt (smelt) spoke (spuk) spent (spent) spun (span) stood (st:d) stole (stul) stuck (stak) stung (stang) strode (strud) struck (strak) strove (struv) swore (sur) swept (supt) swelled (suld) swam (sum)

slung (slang) smelt (smelt) spoken (spukn) spent (spent) spun (span) stood (st:d) stolen (stln) stuck (stak) stung (stang) strode (strud) struck (strak) striven (strvn) sworn (surn) swept (supt) swollen (sulen) swum (sum)

lanzar con fuerza oler hablar gastar, pasar girar, hilar pararse robar pinchar, atascarse picar, arder dar pasos largos golpear, sonar esforzarse jurar, maldecir barrer hinchar/se nadar