No.

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Ukrainian National Association

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As in previous decades, the Ukrainian National Association continued to prevail as a vital part of the Ukrainian community life on the North American continent, its leadership and rank and file ever present on the Ukrainian scene in line with the traditions befitting this largest and oldest Ukrainian organization in the free world. True to the tenets of fraternalism and ever mindful of the ideals that guided its pioneer-founders, the UNA pursued its dual tasks of serving its members and the community, while remaining in the forefront of assistance to the Ukrainian people in their struggle for freedom and independence. it was in this spirit that the UNA entered the 1970s, reaffirming its posture once again at the 27th Convention held in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1970. The motto "in Tribute to Pioneers - With Eyes towards Youth" continued to guide the organization throughout the decade which saw the 28th Convention meet in Philadelphia, Pa., and the 29th in Pittsburgh, Pa. Translating its motto into deeds, the UNA honored its foremost pioneer, the founder and first editor of Svoboda, the Rev. Gregory Hrushka, whose monument was unveiled in Cleveland's Cultural Gardens during the convention, in subsequent years, this monument, as well others, had to be removed from the Gardens which were being vandalized. But the memory of the Rev. Hrushka, his exhortations and his proddings for the establishment of Soyuz, as well the vast input of its official organ Svoboda, were spotlighted throughout 1973 which marked the 80th anniversary of the daily and the 40th anniversary of The Ukrainian Weekly. in terms of publication, for decades a forte of the UNA, 1970 marked the completion of a major venture, notably the publication of the Englishlanguage Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopaedia, it was in that year that the University of Toronto Press released the second volume of what was the most significant publication by Ukrainians in the free world. The UNA, which had underwritten the costs of its publication brought out under the auspices of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, thus made yet another input of lasting value into the Ukrainian community life. Late in November of 1970, the UNA launched yet another project of unprecedented magnitude, namely the construction of a 15-story building in Jersey City, N.J., which became the biggest Ukrainian-owned commercial building in the free world, it was completed late in 1973 and dedicated on February 22,1974, the date of Soyuz's 80th birthday. A costly Osyp Stirosbilt venture because of cost overruns, strikes and the like, the new building did The new 15-story UNA Home Office in Jersey City. perturb many UNA'ers. But eventually almost all space was rented out, with the UNA Main Office occupying one floor and the Svoboda Press the second as well as the mezzanine. The relocation of the Svoboda Press in May of 1976 entailed a rather complex changeover to computerized setting and offset printing, requiring, as it did, retraining, adjustments and introduction of new procedures. But the initial difficulties were overcome and towards the end of the decade the Svoboda Press was functioning with greater efficiency and intent on constantly improving its services to its readers. The Ukrainian Weekly said happy birthday to America with its first 16page tabloid edition, extending the salute to the Ukrainian community on the occasion of the centennial of Ukrainian settlement in the United States. it was a new phase for The Weekly and yet another example of the UNA's service to its members and to the community at large. And it was in this spirit of service and improvement that the Svoboda daily, The Ukrainian Weekly and the children's monthly "veselka" (The Rainbow) marked their 85th, 45th and 25th anniversaries, respectively, throughout 1978. in the last year of this decade, it was the UNA's turn to observe its 85th anniversary on the local and national levels. For Soyuzivka, UNA's year-round estate in the Catskills, the 1970s meant lhor Dlabohs unprecedented growth in virtually every facet of its activity. The summer months in particular saw thousands of guests and visitors flock to this in 1976 the UNA launched a series of Bicentennial-Centennial observances beautiful resort, with young people from the entire continent making it a by going back to the place of its birth in Shamokin, Pa., where two concerts were staged. point to stop by at the place at one time or another. Soyuzivka's stage became a mecca for the best of Ukrainian performers, ranging from singers and musicians to dancing ensembles and choral groups. For many a John O. Flis elected to the post of Supreme President and replacing Joseph Ukrainian band, to play at Soyuzivka meant to come of age on the Ukrainian Lesawyer after a 17-year term of service, initiated a series of new steps to entertainment scene, it was likewise for the sports-minded of all ages - allay the situation, in September of 1978, the specially created Organizing tennis players, swimmers, volleyball players, they all flocked to the place in Committee launched a series of evaluations that were eventually passed on growing numbers for fun as well as for meets and tournaments, in this to the Supreme Assembly in 1979 in the form of recommendations to atmosphere of ebullience Soyuzivka marked its 25th anniversary in 1977, stimulate the organizing sector in the months and years ahead, in the same and it enters the new decade as the prime gathering place for Ukrainians on year, the Supreme Assembly named Basil Tershakovec as Svoboda editorin-chief after a yearlong rotational contest to find a replacement for the continent, bent on innovation and continued growth. Apart from continuing to contribute funds to various national and Anthony Dragan who retired in 1978 after 23 years of service in that charitable causes, initiating and supporting various actions in defense of capacity. The 1970s also saw a new phenomenon on the UNA scene, as its senior Ukraine's rights, the UNA upgraded its scholarship program, in effect since 1964, by doubling the appropriations to some (16,000 annually and thus citizens emerged in an organized form, held five annual conferences at Soyuzivka through 1979 and are movjng toward the construction of a UNA rewarding hundreds of its able youths in need of financial assistance. The 1970s were not devoid of disasters that affected many a Ukrainian senior citizens home near the UNA estate. They are bound to persevere in family in the United States. When floods struck Pennsylvania's Wyoming that venture in the years ahead. valley and Elmira, N.Y., in 1972, and Johnstown, Pa., in 1977, the UNA At the dawn of the new decade, the UNA's posture continues to be that of extended its helping hand promptly and generously. Again, it was a strong and vital organization that is the cornerstone of Ukrainian fraternalism at its best, as the UNA and its members helped each other in community life. Guided by precepts that have stood the test of time, Soyuz time of need. can but look forward to years of continued growth and development and While growing in every phase and facet of its activity, the UNA an even more substantive input into the Ukrainian community life. That, to a experienced a decline in membership during the 1970s, an overly prolonged large degree, will depend on community response to the UNA'S initiatives trend that its' leaders have-beert at pains to reverse. The 29th Convention in and efforts to reassert the Ukrainian presence in the diverse areas of Pittsburgh, which saw a turnover at theheim of the organization, with Dr. activity. ' l-."-"-.t. 'j. . : v y l'.y.,v, . ;.--. ,'. ..;, ,., ,. ; ,, ,

THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY

S U N D A Y . D E C E M B E R . 1979

No. 296

THE 1

CBOKOAA,i,SvOBODA

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UkroinionWeelcly
The passing of a decade
At midnight Monday. December 31, 1979, the chimes should peal tenfold for every year of the decade that will be history as the doors open or a new one in accordance with man's delineation of time. By the same token, the intensity of our reassessment of what has been will also be multiplied 10 times as will , r hopes and expectations on the threshold of the new decade. Sentimental and nostalgic as it may, this reassessment, if placed in the context of history, can be a learning process. For it is a simple truism that we study the past to avoid the pitfalls of the future, and in that sense it is a rational process that constitutes an essential prerequisite of success in the future. Not unlike t he previous decades, the one that we are leaving behind was one of contrasts, it saw man's genius continue making historic breakbroughs in the exploration of space, yet at the same time, that very genius could provide neither food, nor heat, nor shelter for millions around the globe, much less conquer many a disease that inflict inhuman suffering and hopeless ordeals. in terms of human values, it was a decade that ushered a new era of freedom for some, yet failed to break the stony walls of oppression for many others. Few were more downtrodden than our'people in their maligned land. The rustling winds of renascence that swept across Ukraine in the 1960s were swallowed in the eye of the tornado of suppression, indeed, for the Ukrainian people the past decade leaves but bitter memories of a nation in chains, though not devoid of determination to Tight on, hoping the freedom, like man's foot on the moon, will make a breakthrough for them. Heartened by our voices here, they will continue to look to us for solace and for support. Let us remember that in our personal and collective reassessments as we prepare to turn another page in history.

in Ukraine
The age of national reawakening in Ukraine during the 1960s changed into an age of arrests and imprisonment, for the leading forces of the Ukrainian resistance movement in the 1970s. The decade began with valentyn Moroz's second imprisonment in 1970 to six years in prison, three years in a concentration camp and three years of exile. The names of vyacheslav Chornovil, Yuriy Shukhevych, Nina Strokata, Nadia Svitlychna, Stefania Shabatura, vasyl Romaniuk, Danylo Shumuk, lvan and lvan Svitlychny are just a few of those which have been closely identified with the Ukrainian rights movement in the 1970s. What began as individual actions in defense of human, national and religious rights in Ukraine in the early part of the decade mushroomed into an organized movement in November of 1976 with the establishment of the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote implementation of the Helsinki Accords. Formed by poet Mykola Rudenko and nine other persons concerned with the violations of rights in Ukraine, the group has grown to include 33 persons, those active in the Ukrainian independence struggle of the 1940s, in the dissident movement in the 1950s and 1960s and their progeny. Of the 33 members of the group, only six are in freedom, the others have either been arrested, granted visas to the West or resigned. The decade of human rights activity in Ukraine draws to an end with the murder of volodymyr lvasiuk, the sentencing of Yuriy Lytvyn, Oles Berdnyk, Yaroslav Lesiv and Yuriy Badzio, and the attempted selfimmolation of Oleksa Tykhy. But there are all indicationsthat the struggle for freedom will not abate as new men and women come to the fore and pick up the banner. Moreover, the Ukrainian people are no longer alone in this struggle: it has spread to other parts of the Soviet empire, including its satellites. Ukrainians in the free world will undoubtedly seek new ways of spotlighting the plight of their kin in Ukraine and support them in their aspirations to regain freedom and independence.

The quiz covers the previous two issues of The Ukrainian Weekly. Answers will appear with the next quiz.

1. Who recently conferred with officials of the U.S. Department of Justice about the Soviets' promise of cooperation in finding Nazi war criminals? 2. What is the title of Slavko Nowytski's latest film? 3. Who is Yaroslav Lesiv? 4. Which public official denounced the arrests of Helsinki monitors in the USSR? 5. Who is the Ukrainian being held hostage in lran? 6. Who was the first woman vice president of the UNA? 7. Which Ukrainian family won S 10,000 on the "Family Feud" game show? 8. Which Broadway play features Holly Palance? 9. Which Ukrainian artists' works are featured on the Ukrainian Museum's Christmas cards? 10. What is the name of Toronto's Ukrainian pre-school center?

Mykola Rudenko

volodymyr lvasiuk

in defense of...
One of the most effective methods of voicing community outrage at Soviet domination of Ukraine were the many hundreds of demonstrations, rallies, picketings and hunger strikes staged by Ukrainians in the free world during the 1970s. in 1972, when the KGB unleashed its first major crackdown of the decade against Ukrainian intellectuals in several cities in Ukraine, Ukrainian women and students in,the West picked up the chants for their release. The weeklong demonstrations' at lifte United Nations in January 1972 were '-^^'?? disrupted a session of the
(Continued on page 7)

AnsH-ers to previous quiz: Sviatoslav Karavansky ami S'ina Strokata Karavanskv: state Rep. Myron J. Kulas;35: Dr. Bohtlan Hawryfyshyn: ,WI.VA Prrjs l9S0:the Balkan'sarxistulli delegate to the United'States. JtrcHKhhop Jrah Jailor: Rep. Joseph P. AilJahhos'fD-H.r'.): sheriff of ^fahonin County, Ohio: 86.075J Oksana Kurownkvl.

is^nisjir,se n'' Y,JiO jhoY watt rtj a i t i g r ' : ,.

. .

No. 2 9 6 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

l KR.MM.W WFFK1 Y

SUNDAY, DEC FMBER 30.1979 (Philadelphia. New Jersey. Toronto. Montreal, Rochester, ClevelandJ,New York's Committee in Defense of Ukraine and similar rights groups in other centers of Ukrainian life.

in defense of...
l( onlinurd from pagr b)

United Nations. That was followed by a similar action by students at the United Nations on January 28. That evening, some 2,500 persons joined the students in a rally at the United Nations and a march to the Soviet Mission. These demonstrations were indirectly coupled with disruptions by Ukrainian students of Yevgeny Yevtushenko's appearances across, the United States during the late winter of 1972. Demonstrations in the United States came to a head with a massive rally in Washington, D.C., in May 1972. Though orderly at first, the student participants became overly emotional toward the end of the rally and 59 youths were arrested near the White House. During the summer of 1974, when valentyn Moroz began what was to become 145 days without food, Ukrainian students in Ottawa, Washington and New York held hunger strikes of varying lengths of time. None of the students experienced any adverse effects, and the impact of their action was felt in the Congress. Parliament and in Ukraine. The actions mushroomed in the wake of President Carter's accentuation of human rights as a cornerstone of America's foreign policy. Probably one of the largest manifestations in recent history in New York City was the September rally in 1977. Some 20,000 persons participated in what was called the "March for Ukraine's Rights." Dr. Mikhail Stern, a r lhoi Dlaboha recently arrived Ukrainian Jewish political prisoner, was the keynote speaker at the rally in Bryant Park. At the emotionally charged demonstra Girls of the "Yevshan Zillia" ensemble wore somber constumes during the January 1972 march in New York City in protest against the arrests in tion at the United Nations, several students were arrested and several police Ukraine that year. officers were injured. in November 1978, at the conclusion of the Third World Congress of Free Ukrainians in New York City, some 8,000 area Ukrainians joined the delegates to this international conclave for a demonstration at the Soviet U.N. Mission. Leonid Plyushch, Nadia Svitlychna and Simas Kudirka were among the speakers. The 1970s closed with a peaceful rally in May of 1979, as several thousand Ukrainian youths attended a manifestation in Bryant Park to officially welcome valentyn Moroz to the United States. This was Mr. Moroz's first public meeting with Ukrainian youths in the free world. Among various efforts in this respect, of telling significance were actions in Washington initiated by the UNA in 1977 and repeated with the UCCA's cooperation in 1978. Ttiey brought together Ukrainian American constituents., with their legislators who were thus apprised of the Struggle for toyman'rights in Ukraine. interspersed between these principal actions were hundreds of other demonstrations on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. in addition to demonstrations-and rallies, committees in defense of one or another Ukrainian political prisoner sprang up across the United-States and Canada. These groups, while supporting and sponsoring protest actions, were primarily geared toward lobbying efforts on behalf of Ukrainian dissidents. These committees hoped to secure fficial government Geofgf Wirl intercession in behalf of Ukrainian political prisoners. Among the more to the victims of noted committees of the 1970s were the Committee for th8 Defense of Ukrainians rallied in May 1973 in Washington to pay tr the 1933 Kremlin-made famine in Ukr Soviet Political Prisoners, the committees for defense of valentyn Moroz

Roma Sochan Had;ewyc?

Over20.000 Ukrainian Americans marched for Ukraine's rightsin New York City in September 1977.
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THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY

STNIMY. DECEMBER . 1 9 7 9 ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ N o . 296

Freedom won

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Nadia Svitlychna and her sons, lvan (in her arms) and Yarema.

Leonid and Tatiana Plyushch The plight of the men and women involved in the resistance movement in Ukraine has always been close to the hearts of Ukrainians in the West. While the demonstrations and other actions held on their behalf depicted Ukraine's colonial status, the immediate consideration of the defense campaigns was the release of the Ukrainian political prisoners. One of the first to be released from imprisonment in the 1970s was Bishop vasyl velychkowsky on January 26, 1972. After Patriarch Josyf Cardinal Slipyj, who was released from Soviet imprisonment in 1963, Bishop velchkowsky was the second highest Ukrainian Catholic prelate to be released from incarceration in the USSR and allowed to emigrate to the West. He died in June of 1973. After an intense campaign in his defense by Ukrainians and nonUkrainians in the free world, Leonid Plyushch and his family were allowed to leave the Soviet Union. A political prisoner in the Dnipropetrovske psychiatric asylum, Mr. Plyushch and his family arrived in January 1976 in vienna and later flew to the United States and Canada, where they were greeted in every center of Ukrainian community life that they visited. Though his initial remarks in the United States did cause a turmoil, after the Plyushches settled down in Paris, Mr. Plyushch wrote an autobiography, and at the same time, kept active in actions in defense of his dissident colleagues who remained in Ukraine. The Soviet authorities allowed Gen. Petro Grigorenko, a member of the Ukrainian and Moscow Helsinki groups, to come to the United States in December of 1977 for a badly needed prostate operation. The 70-year-old human rights activist kept a low profile in the United States until the Soviet government, without warning, canceled his passport in March of 1978 and barred his return to Ukraine. Then Gen. Grigorenko lashed out against the Soviet Union for violating human, national and religious rights. Gen. Grigorenko subsequently formed the External Representation of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, which today consists of former Ukrainian political prisoners now living in the West or persons who were associated with the dissident movement in Ukraine. Nadia Svltlychna, a mother of two boys and a victim of the 1972 arrests in Ukraine, was allowed to immigrate to the West in October 1978. After a brief stay in Rome, Ms. Svitlychna settled down in Newark, N.J., and has kept active in campaigns in defense of her incarcerated colleagues in the Soviet - Union. valentyn Moroz, probably the best-known and most-admired Ukrainian political prisoner of the 1970s, stunned Ukrainians in the free world when he and four other political prisoners landed in New York in April 1979 after the United States arranged their exchange for two convicted Soviet spies. Speaking without restraint against the Soviet Union and constantly underlining Ukraine's struggle for independence, Mr. Moroz was greeted as a hero by Ukrainians in North America and in Europe. His welcome arrival was offset somewhat by Mr. Moroz's stinging, yet often unfounded, criticism of Ukrainian community life in the free world and his inexplicably erratic personal behavior. Among those who accompanied Mr. Moroz to the West was pastor Georgi vins, a Ukrainian Baptist leader. Subsequently, the families of both Mr. Moroz and Pastor vins joined them in the West. Pastor vins's son, Petro, was the youngest member of the Ukrainian Helsinki group. in the closing weeks of 1979, Ukrainians in the free world welcomed Sviatoslav and Nina Karavansky, two Ukrainian political prisoners who spent a total of 34 years behind bars. Repeating much of what was said about the Soviet Union by their predecessors, the Karavanskys differed from some of their dissident colleagues in that they chose to rest and study Ukrainian life in the West for several weeks before embarking on a speaking tour of the Ukrainian community. As the Ukrainian community stood on the doorstep of the 1980s, it remained steadfast in its commitment to aid Ukrainians behind the iron , Curtain who are struggling for their human; national and .religious rights: .'

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Gen. Petro Grigorenko meets President Jimmy Carter. Standing in the background is Roman Kupchinsky of the Committee for the Defense of Soviet Political Prisoners.

. " Sviatoslav,and.Nina Karavansky

No. 296

(
THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY S U N D A Y , , D F C E M B E R , 1979

Scholarship
Ever mindful of their task to disseminate truth about Ukraine and thus counter the entrenched distortions in the West, as well as the deliberate malignment of Ukraine's history by Soviet scholars on the dictates of the party henchmen, Ukrainians in the free world wrote a glorious chapter in the history of their settlement by forging the establishment of scholarly institutions which found recognition in the non-Ukrainian speaking world. in addition to the Ukrainian Free University in Munich, West Germany, the Ukrainian Catholic University in Rome, the Shevchenko Scientific Society and the Ukrainian Free Academy of Arts and Sciences, Ukrainians in the United States, with some salutary assistance from their kin in Canada, established three chairs of Ukrainian studies and a Ukrainian Research institute at Harvard University, America's oldest and most prestigious institution of higher learning. A project initiated in 1957 by Ukrainian students organized within SUSTA - at that time against the hopes of but a few enthusiasts who later carried on this mission with contagious zeal within the framework of the Ukrainian Studies Chair Fund - it found its initial realization in the establishment of the chair in Ukrainian history, propitiously, on January 22, 1968, the day Ukrainians in the free world observed the 50th anniversary of the reestablishment of Ukrainian statehood, it was the first chair in the history of the United States funded by a community at a cost of S600,000. The first series of lectures was offered by Prof. Alexander Ohloblyn. What followed was an astoundingly unprecedented input of Ukrainians on the North American continent: with some 8,000 Ukrainians contributing generously - some in five-digit figures - the chairs in Ukrainian literature and language were established on January 22,1973, again in conjunction with the observances of the 55th anniversary of Ukraine's rebirth a sovereign state. To meet the deadline, the Ukrainian community raised some S800,000 in 1972 in what was a memorable countdown. That total, as well as the S360,000 raised in December of 1972, set records for any period in Ukraine's history. And it was recognized as such by the university's president, Derek Bok, who announced on April 30,1973, the establishment of the research institute despite the fact that the fund-raising drive for the S2 million project was only unraveling, it was also during that weekend that the monumental project bore its first fruits: Dr. Orest Subtelny publicly defended his dissertation to become the first Ph.D. recipient of the Ukrainian studies program at Harvard. indeed, the 1970s saw a growing presence of Ukrainian scholarship at .Harvard University President Dr. Derek Bok, his hand resting on the twoHarvard, which heartened and inspired young aneroid alike. The volume "Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopaedia" which he just received as a gift, proliferation of courses, seminars, scholarly conferences, publishing announces the establishment of three chairs of Ukrainian studies at this activity, summer schools and other aspects of what was becoming a prestigious school of higher learning in April 1973. Ukrainian scholarly fortress was reflected in several milestones: the establishment of a visiting Committee in 1974, comprised of church and community leaders, for the purpose of periodic reviews and reports on the progress of the Ukrainian studies program; on July 1,1975, Prof. Omeljan Pritsak, the indomitable architect of the entire project, became the first Mykhailo S. Hrushevs'kyi Professor of Ukrainian History, a first in Ukraine's history: he was also named director of the Harvard Ukrainian Research institute; on November 12,1974, the president of Harvard University sent an invitation to v"alentyn Moroz and seven other Soviet Ukrainian scholars to join the HURl; the letters were subsequently renewed and in 1979 Mr. Moroz. upon arrival in the United States, was granted the status of a visiting scholar there, in the meantime, the fund drive for the $2 million endowment of the HURl continued, spilling into the 1980s. A major achievement in itself, the Harvard project started a kind of chain reaction, as scores of American and Canadian universities began to offer Ukrainian courses, thanks in no small measure to Ukrainian students, while some publishing houses, including Encyclopedia Britannica, have recognized the HURl as the authoritative center on Ukraine andits history. The ramifications of the Harvard project, coupled with growing strength of the Ukrainian community in Canada and the implementation of the policy of multiculturalism, played a significant role in the growth of Ukrainian scholarship north of the border as well. Prof. Omeljan Pritsak, director of HURl, addresses a banquet marking the On June 18, 1976, the board of governors of the University of Alberta establishment of a chair of Ukrainian studies at the University of Toronto in May 1978. announced the establishment of the Canadian institute of Ukrainian Studies, an inter-university institution funded by the federal government Reflecting the proliferation of Ukrainian courses at major Canadian with an annual appropriation of S350,000. Prof. Manoly Lupul was named its institutions of higher learning, the University of Toronto announced on May director. 28,1978, the establishment of a chair of Ukrainian studies, providing a grant of S300,000 and thus matching a similar amount raised in the private sector by the Ukrainian Canadian Professional and Business Federation. Of no fess importance was the breakthrough of bilingual education in the public schools of Alberta, now also tried with success in Manitoba, with the possibility of being implemented in the province of Ontario.

IKRAINE
U - A CONCISE

A major contribution to the develop ment of Ukrainian scholarship was the publication of the two-volume English-language "Ukraine: A Con cise Encyclopaedia." Brought out by the University of Toronto Press under the auspices of the Shev chenko Scientific Society, it was financed entirely by the Ukrainian National Association. The first vo lume appeared in 1963 and the teuM second one in 1971.

The development of Ukrainian scholarship in the free world would not have been possible without the involvement and commitment of individual academes whose ranks have been swelling over the past decade. This also reflects the strong sense of the value of education that has been a hallmark of the Ukrainian people in the New World. More Ukrainian youths availed themselves of the virtually unlimited educational opportunities, acquiring professions and pursuing careers of distinction. Many of them went into academic profession and did their share in enhancing the true image of Ukrainianism and spreading truth about Ukraine. Thus, in the realm of scholarship, the 1970s brought many a worthwhile achievement of lasting value for the Ukrainian community, attesting to its vitality, self-sacrifice and'perseverance.

10

THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY

SUNDAY. DECEMBER . 7

U.S. politics

Dr. Myron Kuropas, special assistant to the President Ford for ethnic affairs, meets with members of the Advisory Council on Ethnic Heritage Studies Centers in 1976. Throughoutmmstdry of their settlement in trie United State's, Ukrainian Americans have always showed an interest in the political life of America. Either by supporting a particular canadidate, by attending the national conventions, or by campaigning themselves, Ukrainians have made an impact on American politics. Hardly an election went by - on the local, county, state or federal levels - in which an Americans Ukrainian descent did not campaign for public office. While campaigns for federal offices fell short of expectations, Ukrainian Americans running for local offices were more successful. Some of--the winners during the 1970s were Ted Dusanenko (New York), Ted Stuban (Pennsylvania), John Czerkas and victor Wlaszyn (Ohio), Boris Antonovych dnd Myron Kulas (lllinois), the late Michael Yarosh (Ohio) and a scattering of other Ukrainians who were either elected or appointed to local offices. Among the Ukrainian Americans who conducted salutary, though unsuccessful, campaigns for public office were Michael Kitsock and Steven Postupack who ran for seats in the U.S. Congress from Pennsyl vania. in January .1976 President Gerald Ford established an office of special assistant to the president for ethnic affairs and named Dr. Myron Kuropas, a Ukrainian American educator, civic leader and GOP activist, to that post. This was the first time that a president of the United States officially recognized the importance of ethnic communities in America. Through his office Dr. Kuropas served as a liaison between the chief executive and the ethnic leaders across America and organized several meetings between ethnic community leaders and President Ford's administration. Rising to prominence on the federal level during the past decade were such men as Michael l. Yarymovych who served as deputy assistant secretary for research and development in the U.S. Air Force, then as director of the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development and as chief scientist for the U.S. Air Force; Constantine Warwariw, who was U.S. representative to UNESCO, then was director of UNESCO Affairs at the U.S. State Department and is currently director of the Agency Directorate for Transportation and Communication of the Bureau of international Organizations Affairs at the State Department; Michael Boretsky, a high-level economic analyst with the Department of Commerce, whose studies have had an impact on U.S. economic policies; George Gamota and vitalij Garber, who held high posts in the Pentagon; Gen. Samuel Jaskilka, who served as assistant commandant of the U.S. Marines until his retirement earlier this year. There were others who were successful in making headway on various levels of American political life in what has been a growing political awareness on the part of the Ukrainian community.

lhot Dlaboha

Gov. Brendan Byrne signs the executive order establishing the ethnic This interest inethnicity spilled over to the state levels with the formation advisory councH in New Jersey, in April 1978. Standing behind him is of the New Jersey Ethnic Advisory Council in April1978 and similar Camille Huk-Smorodsky, the Ukrainian community's representative to the councils in New York state anrj Baltimore County; ^^? orMeC. . vi,:.i;.^lii.;j^-^s'ib'hs;-i-'^bi!vtofcedL'H;.'i " 5 !

No. 296

U K R A I N I A N W E E K L Y

S U N D A Y , D E C E M B E R .

W9

Ukrainian assertion in Canada

Ukrainian community life in Canada, which has always set the pace for other Ukrainian communities in the West to follow, received a great boost in the 1970s when Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau officially proclaimed the policy of multiculturalism. Addressing the congress of the Ukrainian Canadian Committee, Mr. Trudeau announced that all ethnic groups across Canada will have equal access to the government and will share prominence with the major English-and French-speaking groups. This historic policy was initiated and forged by the Ukrainian Canadian senator and scholar, Paul Yuzyk. Another pace-setting aspect of Ukrainian life in Canada has been the ability of Ukrainian Canadians to increase their poltical power. The roster of the members of the House of Commons lists six persons who are of Ukrainian descent. - Harvie Andre, Ray Hnatyshyn, S. J. Korchinski, Steve Paproski, Paul Yewchuk and William Yurko. in the Senate, Sen. Yuzyk, who is also known for the major role hje plays in the community life of Ukrainians in the West, has been one of the more outspoken defenders of the cause of the captive nations since 1963. in December 1976 he was joined by John Ewasew, a lawyer. Unfortunately, death claimed Sen. Ewasew in 1978. in 1957 Michael Starr became the first Ukrainian Canadian to be named to the federal cabinet, and since then Ukrainians have persistently had a voice in the highest levels of government, in October of 1977 Norman Cafik was appointed minister of state for multiculturalism. With the turnover of power from Mr. Trudeau to Joe Clark in 1979, two Ukrainian Canadians were appointed to the cabinet - Mr. Paproski was named minister of energy, mines and resources and minister of state for science and technology, and Mr. Hnatyshyn was named minister of state for multiculturalism, fitness and amateur sports. Scores of Ukrainian Canadians continued the long tradition of running and winning posts on various levels of government. From provincial legislatures on down to city governments, Ukrainian Canadians made their presence felt, enhancing their own interests and contributing to the country of their settlement.

CP Photo

Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, right meets with Norman Cafik, the minister of state for multiculturalism. the United States and head of the Philadelphia Archeparchy, died in September 1976. in December 1977 Bishop Joseph Schmondiuk of the Stamford Eparchy was installed as metropolitan and Auxiliary Bishop Basil Losten of Philadelphia was installed as eparch of Stamford. Metropolitan Schmondiuk served in his office for 12 months before he died. After nearly a yearlong search, which was marred by controversy, a successor was found, but opposition to the selection process, voiced by Patriarch Josyf, some clergy and laity, persisted, in a letter to the archbishop-designate, Patriarch Josyf, citing Church canons, wrote that he voids his selection by the pope, but keeping in mind the welfare of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, he said that he appoints Msgr. Lubachivsky as the spiritual leader for Ukrainian Catholics in the United States. Archbishop Lubachivsky was installed as metropolitan by the apostolic delegate, Archbishop Jean Jadot. in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Archbishop Mstyslav Skrypnyk became the spiritual leader of the Ukrainian Orthodox Chruch in the U.S.A.
(Continued on paft 12)

Religion
Probably the most memorable event in church affairs during the 1970s was the historic visit by Pope John Paul 1 to the Ukrainian Catholic 1 Cathedral of the immaculate Conception in Philadelphia in October of 1979. The Holy Father spent some 30 minutes with Ukrainian Catholics and in his bilingual homily reminded them of their glorius heritage and of their unity with Rome. History was again made when in November of 1979 Pope John Paul personally presided over the consecration of Msgr. Myroslav J. Lubachiv sky in the 15th century Sistine Chapel. Patriarch Josyf Cardinal Slipyj and Archbishop-Metropolitan Maxim Hermaniuk also concelebrated the ceremony which elevated Msgr. Lubachivsky to the rank of archbishop. The life of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, at least in the United States, was marked by several turnovers in the 1970s. Archbishop-Metropolitan Ambrose Senyshyn, the second spiritual leader for Ukrainian Catholics in

Pope John Paul it speaks addresses Ukrainian Catholics in the Philadelphia Cathedral in October 1979.

 UKRAINIAN WEEKI Y

SUNDAN . Dl ( MBER 30, 1979

No. 246

Religion
( ( o n t i n u r d f r o m page 7)

The issue has raised as much controversy vis-a-vis the vatican, as it did within the ranks of the Ukrainian Catholic community, it gave rise to sharp cleavages which surfaced at such events as the nominations and consecrations of Bishop Basil Losten and the late Bishop John Stock in 1971, culminating in a memorably sad scene in and near Philadelphia's immaculate ..Conception Cathedral. At the heart of the problem was the vatican's repeated intransigence to accede to the pleas of Patriarch Josyf, some of the clergy and a substantial part of the laity to grant the Ukrainian Catholic Church its traditional rights of autonomy or "pomisnir," including the right to hold synods, to nominate bishops and to have a greater say in the internal affairs of the Ukrainian Catholic Church. While there was little disagreement on the objectives, there were sharp divisions as to the methods used in an effort to attain them. The gamut ranged from apathy to strident militancy that left many a scar on the life of the Ukrainian Catholic community. Despite the vatican's refusal to recog nize Cardinal Slipyj as patriarch, he calls himself such and has elicited such recognition by many faithful and clergy. Certainly, Patriarch Josyf's first arrival in the United States and Canada in 1968, and then again in 1973 and 1976, attested to the high esteem that he commands among Ukrainians of all faiths. His historic meeting with the late Metropolitan John Theodorovich added a new dimension to the relations between the Ukrainian Catholic and Orthodox faithful, casting into oblivion the earlier animosities and misunderstandings. Thousands upon thousands turned out to greet Patriarch Josyf during his pilgrimages in the various countries of Ukrainian settlement, seeing in him the symbol of undaunted Ukraine, of the Ukrainian people's profound religiosity and attachment to their unique rite that constitute an integral part of total Ukrainianism. Thus the faithful's ire when their spiritual leader was barred by the vatican from attending the Eucharistic Congress in Philadelphia in 1976. They saw in it yet another attempt by the Roman Curia to put curbs on the Ukrainian prelate, apparently in the name of its Ostpolitik and rapprochement with Moscow. With the election of Pope John ll in 1978, the hopes of the Ukrainian Catholic faithful swelled in that this first Slavic pontiff would be more sensitive and responsive to the needs of the Ukrainian Catholic Church on both sides of the iron Curtain. These hopes persist despite the latest controversy surrounding the procedure of nominating the new metropoli tan in the United States. Certainly, there is reason to believe that these hopes will spill over into the new year and that the vatican will be more responsive to the need?and concerns of the Ukrainian Catholic Church.

' 1979 Associated Press

Pope John Paul 11, Patriarch Josyf Cardinal Slipyj and ArchbishopMetropolitan Maxim Hermaniuk jointly place their hands on Archbishop Myroslav Lubachivsky during the historic Sistine Chapel ceremony. in 1971 upon the death of Archbishop John Theodorovich, who was the first Ukrainian Orthodox metropolitan in the United States. Over the years Metropolitan Mstyslav organized several meetings with Ukrainian Orthodox hierarchs in Canada in hopes of bringing the two metropolitan sees closer together. This hope of a greater rapprochement in Church life was carried over into general Church affairs with the first ecumenical moleben concelebrated by hierarchs of the Ukrainian Catholic, Orthodox and Evangelical-Baptist Churches at the World Congresses of Free Ukrainians.The rapprochement was also evident in many other joint initiatives and in actions in defense of Ukraine. in the 1970s the Ukrainian Evangelical-Baptist congregations also showed greater activity and frequently raised their voices in defense of Ukrainian Baptist dissidents behind the iron Curtain. The construction of a Ukrainian Catholic national shrine in Washington, D.C., came a step closer to reality with the groundbreaking ceremonies in August 1977. Dedicated to the Holy Family, the national shrine is scheduled for completion in the early 1980s. The UkrainttrtChurche^ continued to be the main bulwark of community life, serving the faithful in line with the age-old tradition. This past year also saw the initiatives on the joint observances of the millenium of Christianity in Ukraine, set for 1983. One aspect Of the Ukrainian Catholic community's life that spilled over from the previous decade into the 1970s has been the struggle for autonomy of the Ukrainian Cahtolic Church and the recognition of its patriarchal ' s t e ^ J f c w n ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ r?ised ctlhe vatican Couricilll'by Pa'triarch^dsyt CardinafSlipyrarid lldb'hflnueslo be with us as we enter the new decade. Patriarch Josyf Slipyj meets'with President Gerald R. Ford in the Oval Office in September 1976. Seated second left is Bishop Basil Losten.

lhor Dlaboha

Patriarch Josyf, during his first visit to the UNA Home Office in Jersey City in September 1976, is greeted in the lobby of the UNA building by three Ukrainian girls.

?L

No. 296

UKRAINIAN WEEKLY

S U N D A Y , D E C E M B E R . 1979

America's 200th, our 100th

Ukrainians across United States celebrated the Bicentennial-Centennial as participants in parades down America's Main Street anniversary of the Ukrainian settlement in the United States. With parades, concerts, cultural displays, festivals and numerous publications, Ukrainian Americans showed their fellow citizens what their contributions to America have been. On a national level, the celebration was coordinated by the Ukrainian Bicentennial Committee of America, headed by Joseph Lesawyer. Local Ukrainian committees sprouted across the country as the Bicentennial-Centennial fever spread across the country and our community. The culmination of the festivities was a weeklong program in Washington, Representatives of Plast, SUM-A and ODUM place a wreath at the Washington Monument during the Ukrainian American Bicentennial- D.C., which included a meeting between White House officials and Ukraini an youth, a scholarly symposium, a concert, a' parade and a Liturgy at Centennial observance in Washington, D.C., in 1976. Arlington National Cemetery. Over 6,000 persons took part in the On July 4,1976, one of the largest nationwide air, land and sea spectacles celebration in Washington. in the history of the United States marked the 200th anniversary of the The observances in the nation's capital were not the first nor the last that American Revolution. Americans of all walks of life, native-born and year. Communities in New York, Philadelphia, Shamokin, Chicago, foreign-born, participated in a yearlong birthday party celebrating Minneapolis, Detroit, Connecticut, Buffalo, Passaic, Youngstown, Los American freedom. Angeles, Jersey City, St. Petersburg and Pittsburgh - to name just a few Amid that giant party, Ukrainian Americans, showing pride in their picked up the banner and saluted America in their own unique way, heritage and in being part of the American mosaic, also observed the 100th reasserting their presence on the American scene.

Plast's milestones
The oldest existing Ukrainian youth organization, Plast, observed its60th anniversary (the organization was founded in 1911 in Lviv, Ukraine) with a mammoth youth rally - the Jubilee international Plast Jamboree - at the "v"ovcha Tropa" (Wolf's Trek) camp in East Chatham, N.Y. For nine days in 1972, beginning August 20, over 2,000 youths from three continents proved - as the jamboree theme proclaimed - that "Plast's ideals are Forever Alive." During the course of the celebration, "plastuny" from the United States, Canada, Australia, Argentina, England and ltaly demonstrated their skills in sports, orienteering and camping, as well as their knowledge of Ukrainian history and culture. Jamboree participants also had the opportunity on Sunday, August 20, to witness the swearing-in of Dr. Yuriy Starosolsky as Chief "Plastun" ("Nachalnyi Plastun"), an honorary post reserved for a person who has exhibited strong dedication to Plast ideals and outstanding service to the organization. Dr. Starosolsky, the second Chief "Plastun" in history, (Severyn Levytsky was the first) was sworn in by Olha Kuzmowycz, then head of the Supreme Plast Council. On Thursday, August 24, "vovcha Tropa" was the site of yet another historic event when Bishop vasyl velychkowsky, the prelate released from Soviet prisons just a year earlier, paid a visit to the youths. Together with Archbishop Mstyslav, metropolitan of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the U.S.A.; a'rid Bishop Joseph Schmondiuk of the Stamford Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy, Bishop velychkowsky celebrated a moleben at the campsHe's:"SK -.George the Conqueror Chapel as thousands of Plast rntihTbersWd guests looked on. The culmination of the jubilee jamboree came during the weekend of August .?6-27. in a truly magnificent spectacle the young"plastuny" - e a c h and evety,one of the jamfjoree participants - marched and wound their way. into'the fofttfbi the Plashemblem (Ukraine's tryzub intertwined with ScOuttng'sfleurde its) and the number 60. Once in place, the cue was given and ^iOOO-^elium-fillecl.^batloons were released into the air by the youths. Each of 4he bajjooris carried a message - ; a h English-language leaflet teliiri"gof.the'pj)ght4Jf Ukrainian nation under Soviet domination, the recent waves of arrests of Ukrainian intellectuals, and the Plast members' dedication to God and,Ukraine. . fh'e imerrialibdaiJPlast Jamboree of 1978, held in Canada August 4-17, was a similarsyet different'gathering;1' Once agakr contingents of "plastuny" from around.the world partici --pefed.^Fhis tinW^eHglH counttifis,^ere.wpresepj^;,thfljjpited Spates, -JSXIQ !evO ' ni bn't -^ ': xqlfc -^',. 'io iehta0. .fiolcoJ 8 itsl beJe^ a'kei iedmsfqaa ni

Bishop vasyl velychkowsky is greeted by Plast members of all ages upon his arrival at the site of the 1972 Jubilee international Plast Jamboree.

Hidzewyu

Dr. Yuriy Starosolsky (left) is sworn in for his second term as Chief "Plastun" . by Jaroslaw Hladkyj (right), head of the Supreme, Plast Council, as Lubomyr , a ^Reman^Jce^), ; tf?acl 'of f^5up^err^'Pl^^uJa^," i ; fc^'^. r '''' .obBOfib '^ ftnf yw rfjiw

THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY

SUNDAY, DECEMBER . 97

No. 29ft

Plast's milestones
(Continued from page 13)

-a

Roma Sochan Hadzewyu

Plast youths present an exhibition of marching, synchronized exercises and pioneering skills during the 1978 international Plast Jamboree. Canada, England, Argentina. Australia, ltaly, France and West Germany. The program, in terms of location, was much more ambitious: first the youths camped out at the Ukrainian Cultural Heritage village near Edmonton and took side trips to the Commonwealth Games then being held in Edmonton and sites of the first Ukrainian settlements in Alberta - Two Hills, Mundare and vegreville; then it was off to the Canadian Rockies in smaller groups for several days of camping in the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. And the manner in which some T80 Plast youths traveled to the site of the jamboree was a first in itself. Jamboree participants from the East Coast of the United States chartered a DC-8 to fly them to Edmonton. The 1978 jamboree was primarily dedicated to the60th anniversary of the re-establishment of Ukrainian statehood. As Chief "Plastun" Starosolsky wrote in the jamboree magazine: "We know full well that Plast in and of itself is not a goal. We know that it is a community institution which seeks to educate good community members - patriots. But we know still more: our Plast was born out of the necessity and will to serve the eternal ideal of Ukrainian statehood. We know that this duty is placed, on an equal level with faith in God, at the very top of our Principal Goals." A year later, on July 22, Dr. Starosolsky was sworn in for a second sevenyear term as Chief "Plastun." As we enter the 1980's, Plast members' thoughts are already tuned to the observances of Plast's 70th anniversary in 1981 and to the next international jamboree when they can once again meet, not merely"as members of the same organization, but as members of one Ukrainian nation.

Our losses
The past decade was not devoid of losses as the ranks of the -.Ukrainian community were depleted by implacable death, leaving painfully protruding and. at times, irreplaceable gaps. By their toils and 1970 Bishop Alexander Novytsky (1905) volodymyr Kedrowsky (1888) Theodore Rozankowsky (1887) Wladimir Kossar(l890) Maria Malewych (1890) van Ned ilsky (1895) Roman Smook (1924) Dr. Bohdan Panchuk (1919) Alexander Klymfo^l906) Pastor John Jac^fel895) 1971 Wolodymyr Cisykf Archbis"hop-Dohar l v Jv . Metropolitan John Ttjcodorovich (1887) . ; C MyJAailo Soroka (l9jt) 1973 Eugene Wertyporoch (1898) PetrO lsaiw (1905) Boris Unbcgaun Dmyiro Dontsov (1883) Michael Luchkovich (1893) Natalia Polonska-vasylenko (1884) Bishop vasyl velychkowsky (1903) Alexander Timoshenko Marcel Wagner (1904) lllia v"ytanovych (1899) 1974 Kost Pankiwsky (1897) Dmytro Szmagala (1895) Archbishop low Skakalsky Bohdan Olesnicky (1914) Archbishop lvan Buchko (1891) Constantine Kysilewsky Taras Shpikula (J904) -y. -r . Nestor Rzepeckr(1919^ i. t, 1975 Wolodymyr Huk (1920) Pavel virsky (1905) Michael Sosnowsky (1919) Zenon Korchynsky (1913) lvan Kramarenko (1901) volodymyr Kuts (1927) Bohdan Krawciw (1904) Antin Rudnytsky (1902) Helen Lototsky (1894) Michael Sonevytsky (1892) William Hawrelak (1914) Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900)

accomplishments they have carved out for themselves a niche of permanent prominence in the annals ofour history, in recalling some of their names, let us pause for a tribute to their memories. Wasyl Steciuk (1910) viadimir Jurkowsky (1887) 1976 Mykola Ponedilok (1922) Matthew Kostyshyn (1889) Elizabeth Skoropadsky (1899) Roman Kupchynsky (1894) Dmytro Andrievsky (1892) Metropolitan Ambrose Senyshvn (1903) Eugene Lachowitch (1900) Alexander Granowsky (1887) The very Rev. Omelan Mycyk (1907) Wasyl Pliushch (1902) 1977 f Alexis Critchenko (1883) Dmytro Chyzhevsky (1894) Borys Martos (1879) Stepan Lenkawsky (1905) Oleh Shtul-Zhdanovych (1917) William Kurelek (1927) Watson Kirkconnell (1895) 1978 vyacheslaw Davydenko (1905) John Ewascw (1922) Wolodvmyr Nestcrczuk (1909) William Hussar (1915) Walter Gallan (1893) Peter Posto!uk (1894) 'J''' " Anthony Batiuk (1894) lvan L. Zamsha (1895) Metropolitan Joseph Schmondiuk (1912) wan Kozak (1891) Heli Snehiriov(l927)

1979 Msgr. Basil Kushnir (1893) John B. Diefenbaker (1896) Andriy Z. Mycio(1922) Wolodymyr Hentisz (1918) Dcnys Kwitkowsky (1909) Adrian Lapychak (1920) Stanislav Liudkevych (1879) Mykyta Mandryka (1886) The Rev. Peter Melech (1922) Gen. Mykhajlo Krat (1892) Michael Rudko(l9l6) lwan Wowchuk (1900) Mykola Nedilko(1902) Julian Revay (1899) Michael Ostrowcrcha (1897) Constantin Bida (1916) Gen. Pavlo Shandruk (1889) Melania Baylowa (1896) Hnat Povoroznyk (1896) volodvmyr lvasiuk (1949) Yuriv Fedynskyj (1912) Mychajlo Lysohir (1808) Zenon Pelcnsk'y (1902) Yevhen Onatsky (94) 1 jyjich'ael Yaro'sh (19(6)', , 'v

W -

' i" -' -

John Zadorbzny (1916) Peter Pucilo(l9l4) Myron Lytwyn (1895) Roman Kryshtalsky (1901) Metropolitan lllarion (lvan Ohienko) (1882) Wolodymyr Mijakowsky (1888) Ernest Simmons (1904) John Syrnick (904) Bishop John Stock (1918) lvan Knysz (1910) Nicholas Chyiak (1908) Clarence Manning (1893) iiz:v tccs- K'-V-J: --:^ s-i-

 iir

U K R A I N I A N WTJ-KI Y

S D N D A V . D E C E M B E R . 1979

Afterword
in addition to the events and actions that we portrayed on the preceding pages, the Ukrainian c o m m u n i t y in the free world was visible in several other fields of endeavor: ' What might have been initially low-key commemorations of Ukrainian independence have blossomed into national observances. Triggered by the St. J o h n the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic School in Newark, N.J., in 1973, many other Ukrainian schools declared January 22 to be a national holiday and gave their students the day off, though they reminded the youngsters to take part in some meaningful activity commemorating the holiday. Also, U k r a i n i a n b u s i n e s s e s , f o l l o w i n g t h e lead of t h e U k r a i n i a n N a t i o n a l Association in 1974, have been closing their businesses on January 22, displaying appropriate signs in their windows to explain why their stores are closed. T h e list of federal legislators, state governors and city mayors w h o have recognized the importance of Ukrainian independence Day by issuing proclamations has also g r o w n in the 1970s. ' in the 1970s Americans w h o trace their heritage to countries held in bondage by c o m m u n i s m marked the 15th and 20th anniversaries of the Captive Nations Week proclamation. The annual presidential proclama tions. together with similar ones issued in state capitols and city halls, have shown that the ideas put forth in Public Law 86-90 are still adhered to by Americans. ' Ukrainians on two continents paid tribute to the poet laureate of Ukraine - Taras Shevchenko - by c o n s t r u c t i n g monuments in Apostoles, and Buenos Aires, Argentina; Toulose, France; and Paraguay. Ukrainians also paid tribute to Ukrainian poetess Lesia Ukrainka by e r e c t i n g monuments to her in T o r o n t o , O n t . , a n d at S o y u z i v k a in Kerhonkson, N.Y. " The year 1970 saw one of the massive charitable activities undertaken by Ukrainians in the free w o r l d . That year the area around Banja Luka in Yugoslavia, a region which is densely populated by Ukrainians, was struck by a severe earthquake, leaving many dead, injured and homeless. The Ukrainian National Association, the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America-end-the United Ukrainian American Relief Committee spearhead ed an a l l - c o m m u n i t y effort to alleviate the suffering of Ukrainians there. ' in 1973 and 1978 Ukrainians in the free world marked the 40th and45th anniversaries of the Kremlin-made famine in Ukraine which killed 7 million people. Washington, Passaic, South Bound Brook and Toronto were just some of the sites at which thousands of Ukrainians gathered to pay tribute to the victims of Moscow's brutality The action in 1978 gave rise to the proposal of erecting a special monument to the victims of the famine by the time of the 50th anniversary. ' in the past 10 years Ukrainian c o m m u n i t y life also revolved around the formal activity of holding periodic conventions and congresses. Born in 1967, the W o r l d C o n g r e s s of Free U k r a i n i a n s saw t w o i n t e r n a t i o n a l conclaves in the 1970s On the national level, the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America held two congresses and the Ukrainian Canadian Committee held three. A significant aspect of the WCFU, UCCA and UCC assemblages was that Ukrainian students were beginning to make their presence felt. Either by supporting the establishment or forming a loyal o p p o s i t i o n , Ukrainian students told their elders that they are concerned with the direction the c o m m u n i t y has taken and want to have a say in its future. Their interest in the decision-making process has not abated. in addition to the umbrella organizations, Ukrainian societies spanning the e n t i r e g a m u t of i n t e r e s t s , c o n v i c t i o n s a n d pursuits held c o n v e n t i o n s , at w h i c h n o t o n l y w e r e n e w o f f i c e r s e l e c t e d b u t t h e c o n t i n u a t i o n of those organizations and the c o m m u n i t y life as a whole was assured. in line with the determination to preserve and develop the Ukrainian spiritual heritage as a vital dimension of the total identity, the Ukrainian c o m m u n i t y evolved a series of o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h o l l y d e v o t e d to the p r o m u l g a t i o n of fine arts, folk arts, music, choreography and the art of choral singing. indeed, the 1970s witnessed a burgeoning of Ukrainian culture in every c o u n t r y of Ukrainian settlement, with new generations of y o u n g Ukrainians seeking out new ways of enriching the heritage passed on to them. The numerous festivals, concerts and other programs bore testimony to the credo of preserving and developing the Ukrainian spiritual heritage. More often than before the Ukrainian culture made its way into the non-Ukrainian w o r l d where it was greeted with undisguised admiration. The y o u n g people were also instrumental in perpetuating sports activity both in amateur clubs and in their organizations, staging local andnational meets and engaging in competition during the summer camp tours. Scores of Ukrainian Canadians made g o o d in profesisonal hockey u p h o l d i n g the t r a d i t i o n of U k r a i n i a n e x c e l l e n c e in this sport. Soccer a n d v o l l e y b a l l retained popularity a m o n g Ukrainian youths, with some of them rising to the highest levels of competition in the United States and Canada. if the era of ethnicity is to remain with us, then Ukrainians will certainly have played a prominent part in forging the concept of a cultural mosaic. Moreover, the bonds of c o m m o n culture and language stretch across the oceans, to every c o u n t r y of Ukrainian settlement and to Ukraine. The knowledge that the heritage is passing through the most trying oJ times in Ukraine, generates the need to preserve it in the free w o r l d , in that respect Ukrainians in the free w o r l d have risen to the task.

Marian Kots stands before a shipment of supplies to Ukrainians in Banja Luka.

Roma Sochjn

lzydora Borysova, sister of Lesia Ukrainka, stands beneath the monument of her sister after it was unveiled at Soyuzivka.

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