Sean Li Math 7370 Notes Spring 2013 Algebraic Number Theory Lecture 9 2/8/13 Hilbert Class Field.

d. Given a number eld F , its maximal abelian unramied extension F1 is called the Hilbert class eld (HCF) of F . There is a canonical isomorphism C Gal(F1 /F ) where C = I /P. Every ideal of F becomes principal in F1 . However, F1 might have new ideals, which may not be principal. This can go on innitely. Given a eld F , consider K F with unique factorization and F1 the HCF of F . Then F1 K is abelian and unramied. If h = 1 then K1 = K and F1 K = K = F1 K so the process stops after nitely many steps. However, there are counterexamples to this, so a nite extension with unique factorization is not always possible. Splitting in Dedekind Domains. p splits in R = Z[ 5] if and only if p 1, 3, 7, 9 (mod 20). R/(p) (p) is maximal (p) is a prime ideal as in a Dedekind domain, all non-zero prime ideals are maximal. Fp [ 5] Fp [X]/(X 2 +5). Quadratic Reciprocity Law. If p, q are odd primes > 0, then p q where
1 p

q p

= (1)

p1 q1 2 2

= (1)(p1)/2 .

p 1 (mod 4) and p 1, 4 (mod 5), or the case p 3 (mod 4), 2, 3 (mod 5). In the rst case we have splitting into principal primes, while in the second case we have non-principal split. Proof without using class eld theory? Integral dependence. Let R F , e.g. Z Q. A natural requirement for a ring of integers is taht it should be nitely generated Z-module, moreover a free module. Let M be a nitely generated A-module, where A is a commutative ring. Let B be a ring containing A and let B and also acting on M . We want to say something about based on the existence of M if A[] acts faithfully on M . Caley-Hamilton Theorem. M M . M is generate by a nite set {mi }. Can be thought of as matrix: mj = aij mi , let A = (aij ). Let (XI A)Adj(XI A) = det(XI A)(I). Then f (A) = 0 and f () = 0.