Physics 300 Problem Set 1

Justin Thomas 5 February 2013

Problems: French Chapter 1: 1,2,5,6 Chapter 2: 1,2,3,4

1-1 Consider a vector z dened by the equation z = z1 z2 where, z1 = a + jb and z2 = c + jd (a) Show that the length of z is the product of the lengths of z1 and z2 . Solution: z = z1 z2 = (a + jb)(c + jd) = ac + adj + cdj + j 2 db z = ac + (ad + bc)j db = (ac bd) + (ad + bc)j |z1 | = a2 + b2 , |z2 | = c2 + d2 , and |z| = (ac bd)2 + (ad + bc)2 |z| = (ac bd)2 + (ad + bc)2 = a2 c2 + d2 b2 + a2 d2 + b2 c2 = (a2 + b2 )(c2 + d2 ) |z| = (a2 + b2 ) (c2 + d2 ) = |z1 ||z2 |

(b) Show that the angle between z and the x-axis is the sum of the angles made by z1 and z2 seperatley. Solution: Since |z| = |z1 ||z2 |, z = (ac bd) + (ad + bc)j = cos() + jsin() = ei z1 = (a + jb) = cos() + jsin() = ei z2 = (c + jd) = cos() + jsin() = ei z = z1 z2 = ei = ei ei , so , = + 1-2 Consider a vector z dened by the equation z = z1 /z2 where, z1 = a + jb and z2 = c + jd (a) Show that the length of z is the quotient of the lengths of z1 and z2 . Solution: z = z1 /z2 so z = (a + jb)/(c + jd) = |z| =
(ac+bd)2 (c2 +d2 )2 (a+jb)(cjd) (c+jd)(cjd)

(ac+bd)+(bcad)j (c2 +d2 )

(bcad)2 (c2 +d2 )2

z1 /z2 = (a + jb)/(c + jd) so

2 2 )c2 +(a2 2 2 (ac)2 +(bc)2 +(bd)2 +(ad)2 = (a +b (c2 +d2 )2+b )d (c2 +d2 )2 2 +b2 , |z1 |/|z2 | = a2 +d2 = |z| c

(a2 +b2 )(c2 +d2 ) (c2 +d2 )2

(a2 +b2 ) (c2 +d2 )

(b) Show that the angle between z and the x-axis is the dierence of the angles made by z1 and z2 seperatley. Solution: Since z = z1 /z2 z = cos() + jsin() = ej z1 = (a + jb) = cos() + jsin() = ei z2 = (c + jd) = cos() + jsin() = ei ei so, ei = ei = ei() where, = 1-5 To take sucessive derivatives of ej with respect to one must simply multiply by j: Show that the following description works if the sinusodal representation cos() + jsin() = ej is used. dAej = jAej d Solution:
d[cos()+jsin()] d

= sin + jcos = jcos + j 2 sin = j[cos + jsin]

1-6 Given Eulers Relation cos() + jsin() = ej nd (a) The geometric representation of ej (b)The exponential representation of cos() Solution: cos() + jsin() = ej and cos() jsin() = ej so, cos() + jsin() + cos() jsin() = 2cos = ej + ej thus cos = (c) The exponential representation of sin() Solution:cos() + jsin() = ej and cos() + jsin() = ej so, cos() + jsin() cos() + jsin() = 2jsin = ej + ej thus sin = 2-1 Express the following in the form Re[Aei(t+ )] (a) z = sint + cost Solution: Using Trigonometric identities we get that z = cos(t /2) + cos(t) = 2cos(/4)cos(t /4) = 2cos(t /4) = Re[ 2ei(t/4 )] (b)z = cos(t /3) cos(t) Solution: Using Trigonometric identities we get that z = cos(t /3) cos(t) = 2sin(/6)cos(t 2/3) = Re[2sin(/6)ei(t2/3 )] (c) z = 2sin(t) + 3cos(t) Solution: Since the two functions have the same angular velocity and are a /2 phase shift of each other we can say that they make right triangle with leg lengths 2 and 3 and hypotenuse of length 13 and angle = tan1 (2/3) Thus, making the net trig function: 1 13cos(t + tan1 (2/3)) = Re[ 13ei(t+tan (2/3)) ]

ej +ej 2

ej +ej 2

(d) z = sin(t) + cos(t) 2cos(t /4) Solution: z = sin(t) + cos(t) 2cos(t /4) = ( 2 2)cos(t /4) = (2 2)cos(t + 3/4) 2cos(t /4) 2cos(t /4) =

2-2 2-3 Beats z = A1 cos12t + A2 cos10t Find the beats period. Solution: A1 cos1 t + A2 cos2 t Beats period is equal to 2/ where = 1 2 . 1 2 = 12 10 = 2 Thus, making the period T = 2/2 = 1sec

2-4 Find the frequency of the combined motion. (a)sin(2t 2) + cos(2t)

Solution: Frequency of the combined motion is 2t because addition of two trigonometric functions with the same frequency but a phase dierence gives us a function with the same frequency but a phase shift. (b)sin(12t) + cos(13t /4) Solution: avg =
1 +2 2

12+13 2

= 2f so f = 6.25sec1

(c) sin(3t) + cos(t) Solution: avg =

1 +2 2

3+ 2

= 2f so f = .49sec1